AU2004240181A1 - Improvements in or Relating to Cantilevered Panel Balustrade Units - Google Patents
Improvements in or Relating to Cantilevered Panel Balustrade Units Download PDFInfo
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- AU2004240181A1 AU2004240181A1 AU2004240181A AU2004240181A AU2004240181A1 AU 2004240181 A1 AU2004240181 A1 AU 2004240181A1 AU 2004240181 A AU2004240181 A AU 2004240181A AU 2004240181 A AU2004240181 A AU 2004240181A AU 2004240181 A1 AU2004240181 A1 AU 2004240181A1
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- mounting member
- panel
- retainer assembly
- balustrade unit
- balustrade
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Description
I I P/00/011 Regulation 3.2
AUSTRALIA
Patents Act 1990 COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Invention Title: Improvements in or Relating to Cantilevered Panel Balustrade Units The following statement is a full description of this invention, including the best method of performing it known to me: IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO CANTILEVERED PANEL C BALUSTRADE UNITS Technical Field This invention relates to cantilevered panel balustrade units comprising usually vertical panels of glass or other rigid sheet material which are supported substantially along their 00 lower edge only and cantilevered upwards from their lower supported edge. In addition, each Scantilevered panel balustrade may be connected to like units to form continuous balustrades C' or screens around balconies, decks, stairwells, roof tops and the like.
SBackground Art Cantilevered panel balustrade units are well known and have been constructed using a variety of methods involving holding the panel along its lower edge.
Often the panel is set into mortar, either within a metal channel fixed to the substrate, or within a recess formed in a concrete substrate. The disadvantages of this method include that the glass must be held rigid by other means until the mortar has set and this method also necessitates repeat visits to the site. Furthermore, this process is time consuming and tends to be messy. In addition, it is difficult to replace broken panels.
An alternative method which has been used is to bolt the glass panel to a vertical surface such as the face of the deck edge, or the vertical leg of an L-shaped member which is fixed to the deck top surface. Connecting bolts pass through holes formed in the glass. The disadvantages of this method include that the placement of the bolt holes in the glass must be very carefully positioned in both horizontal and vertical directions, which is often very difficult to achieve as these holes need to be factory formed, generally prior to delivery to site, necessitating very time consuming site measurements or manufacture of full size patterns. Furthermore, it is often difficult to adjust the verticality of the glass during installation to allow for any irregularities in the mounting surface.
While the present invention has a number of potentially realisable applications, it is in relation to providing improvements to the design, manufacture and installation of cantilevered panel balustrade units that the present invention was developed. More specifically, it was with the problems associated with time consuming and messy systems,
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0 with replacement of broken panels, with placement of the bolt holes in the panels and with N, difficulties in adjusting the verticality of the panel during installation to allow for any
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Sirregularities in the mounting surface that the invention was developed.
IND In addition, by providing an alternative to existing designs and installations it is with forseeable enhanced benefits to the user, that the invention was developed.
00oO It is with these objectives in mind that it would be useful therefore, to have cantilevered panel balustrade units that: a) Enabled the panel to be easily held rigid during installation; and/or b) Enabled installation in a clean, easier and timely fashion; and/or c) Were relatively easy and cost effective to produce; and/or d) Minimised the requirement for attachment holes in some if not all panel options; and/or e) Were also designed to improve the ability to adjust the verticality of the panel during installation to allow for any irregularities in the mounting surface.
It would be advantageous to have an invention that offered at least some if not all of the advantages of the above proposed cantilevered panel balustrade units. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to consider the above problems and provide at least one solution which addresses a plurality of these problems.
It is also a further object of the present invention to at least provide the public with a useful choice or alternative system.
Further aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the ensuing description which is given by way of example only. It should be appreciated that variations to the described embodiments are possible and would fall within the scope of the present invention.
O Disclosure of Invention 0 o According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a balustrade unit, said balustrade unit comprising at least one panel, and at least one base assembly which is IND capable of providing a cantilever base connection between one edge of the panel and a substrate, to enable the panel to cantilever from the substrate; the base assembly comprising at least one mounting member which is capable of being rigidly attached to the substrate; the 00 Sbase assembly further comprising at least one retainer assembly which firmly retains a said
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edge of the panel; the said retainer assembly furthermore being connected to the mounting member so as to be capable of adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly and the panel with respect to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis more or less parallel to the said edge of the panel, whilst remaining capable of being locked rigidly in any available position selected within the range of angular adjustment provided.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a balustrade unit substantially as described above wherein the panel includes glass or other material.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a balustrade unit substantially as described above wherein the glass or other material used may be in the form of substantially planar sheets.
Whilst sheet materials are typically used, and this description for ease of use refers to panels, it should be appreciated that the term panel does not obviate against the use of other distinct sectional components typically used with balustrades. Accordingly, the sectional components may be otherwise configured.
According to another aspect of the present invention the said range of angular adjustment provided is approximately +5 0 from the mid-point.
The ability to adjust the angular relationship of the retainer assembly and thus the panel in relation to the mounting member, enables the balustrade installer to maintain the panel more or less vertical, despite any out-of-verticality of the mounting member occasioned by irregularities which may exist in the substrate to which the mounting member is attached, as is common.
O As used throughout this specification the term balustrade includes any unit for incorporation N in a balustrade whether horizontally disposed or sloping.
Furthermore, the term longitudinal implies a direction extending along the length of the IN balustrade, and more particularly being more or less parallel to the retained edge of the panel. Furthermore, the term lateral implies a direction which is perpendicular to the faces of the retained panel.
00 The said retainer assembly may be more or less longitudinally continuous, and capable of angular adjustment with respect to the mounting member or members, substantially as described above, but by varying degrees at various points along its length, according to any irregularity of the substrate.
Alternatively, more than one retainer assembly per panel may be provided, each retainer assembly being capable of specific angular adjustment with respect to the mounting member or members with which it is in juxtaposition.
In all cases, the panel is capable of being positively attached to the retainer assembly or assemblies which are along its retained edge, and cover at least a portion of the face or faces of the panel along the said edge. Adhesives may be used to attach the panel to the retainer assembly. Alternatively, the retainer assembly may consist of at least two bearing elements between which the said panel edge may be located, and which are subsequently tightened together so as to apply pressure to the panel and secure it by friction. In addition, any other means available in the prior art or adapted for use with this invention, may be employed to retain the panel in association with the retainer assembly.
A gasket or interlayer may be provided between the panel and the said bearing elements, particularly where the panel is glass, in order to spread the pressure and lessen the risk of fracture.
The said bearing elements may be tightened together with screws, bolts, or like fasteners which either pass through or engage the said bearing elements.
At least some of the said screws, bolts, or like fasteners may also pass through holes in the panel provided for this purpose.
O Alternatively the panel may be capable of being secured directly to one face of the
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N retainer assembly by screws, bolts, or like fasteners which pass through holes in the
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(1 panel provided for this purpose.
IND It is desirable during installation for the panel to be capable of movement longitudinally along its length in relation to the mounting member, to aid correct placement of the panel. In some embodiments of the present invention, the panel edge O0 Sis secured between bearing elements or by fasteners which may be temporarily
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Sloosened during installation to allow adjustment of the panel position. Where screws, Sbolts, or like fasteners pass through the panel, the holes through which they pass may be enlarged or elongated to facilitate adjustment of the panel position during installation.
It may be preferable however, to allow adjustment of the panel position without releasing or excessive loosening of the panel in relation to the retainer assembly, by allowing longitudinal movement of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member.
The retainer assembly may be connected to the mounting member so as to be capable of longitudinal movement in relation to the mounting member, along an axis more or less parallel to the retained edge of the panel during installation.
The retainer assembly may be at least partially connected to the mounting member by at least one screw, bolt, or like fastener; the said screw, bolt or like fastener, being provided with a head, boss, or nut which is engaged to the said screw, bolt, or like fastener; with the said head, boss or nut being held within a longitudinally extending open recess provided in either the retainer assembly or the mounting member; with the said open recess being provided with an open mouth which is of such a width to allow the shank of the said screw, bolt, or like fastener to pass through it, while at the same time retaining the said head, boss or nut from passing through it; such that the said fastener cannot be withdrawn through the mouth of the recess, while remaining capable of at least some longitudinal movement along the extent of the open recess.
The said open recess and the said head, boss, or nut may be of such shapes and sizes as to prevent the head, boss, or nut turning within the recess.
O Some or all of the screws, bolts, or like fasteners, which secure the retainer assembly to
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the mounting member, may also serve to tighten the said retainer assembly or the said Sbearing members on to the panel.
IND The means of providing adjustment of the angular relationship at the retainer assembly with respect to the mounting member, may be by the provision of at least one pair of spaced apart points of connection or contact between the retainer assembly and the O0 mounting member lying within a single vertical plane which is more or less
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Sperpendicular to the face of the panel, with a means of providing an adjustable Sseparation distance between the retainer assembly and the mounting member being provided at at least one of the points of connection or contact, such that an adjustment of the said separation distance causes an adjustment of the angular relation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis.
The degree of angular rotation produced will depend upon the ratio of change in separation distance to distance between the said points of connection or contact, both of which are capable of permitting at least some degree of angular rotation.
Any one of the said points of connection or contact may comprise of two or more fasteners, connections, or bearing areas lying more or less on the same longitudinal axis as each other.
A retainer assembly may be provided with more than one pair of spaced apart points of connection or contact as described above.
At least one of the points of connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member may be by a screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener between the retainer assembly and the mounting member which effectively provides a means of adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly to the mounting member by a change in separation distance between the retainer assembly and the mounting member at that point caused or permitted by turning of the screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener.
Alternatively, at least one of the points of connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member may be by a screw, bolt, nut, or like fastener which normally clamps the retainer in relation to the mounting member, but which when loosened, O permits movement to a desired position, at which time the screw, bolt, nut or like 0 fastener can be re-tightened.
At least one of the points of connection or contact between the retainer assembly and N the mounting member may provide a more or less fixed distance of separation between the retainer assembly and the mounting member at that point while allowing angular rotation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member, about a 00 Slongitudinal axis which either passes more or less through the joint or whose position is determined by the geometry of the point of connection. There may be an interlocking relationship between the retainer assembly and the mounting member at such a point.
Alternatively, there may be two spaced apart points of connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member as described above, both of which provide an adjustable separation distance between them, and consequently, adjustment of the angular relation between the retainer assembly or the mounting member about a longitudinal axis.
The mounting member may be continuous.
When the said base assembly is completely assembled, the retainer assembly may be at least partially concealed from view by either or both of: the mounting member; and, one or more covering members which are securable to the base assembly for this purpose.
The mounting member may have at least one surface through which fasteners are capable of passing for the purpose of securing the mounting member to the surface of a substrate.
When the said base assembly is installed, any fasteners which secure the mounting member to the substrate may be at least partially shielded from view by either or both of: the mounting member and one or more covering members which are securable to the base assembly for this purpose.
According to one embodiment of the present invention the mounting member consists of at least two arms and is capable of being mounted such that one of the arms is more or less horizontal, the same arm being capable of providing vertical support to the O retainer assembly and the panel; with the other arm being more or less vertical and C, capable of providing lateral support by a connection to the upper part of the retainer Sassembly. The mounting member may be generally L-shaped.
IND Preferably the upper part of the retainer assembly is more or less directly connected to or bearing on the said vertical arm of the mounting member. Preferably, a screw, bolt, or like fastener is provided to connect the retainer assembly to the mounting member in 00 Ssuch a way as to be capable of maintaining the upper part of the retainer assembly in positive contact with the mounting member. The said screw, bolt, or the fastener may furthermore serve to aid in the securing of the panel by friction between two bearing members. The said screw, bolt, or like fastener may pass through holes in the panel provided for this purpose. The said holes may be enlarged or slotted in order to allow the panel to more easily be adjusted in position during installation.
Preferably the lower part of the retainer assembly is connected to the mounting member by one or more screws, bolts, or like fasteners; at least one such fastener being an adjustment fastener having a threaded portion engaging a like threaded hole in the retainer assembly, and having one of its ends bearing on a surface of the mounting member such that by turning of the adjustment fastener the distance between the retainer assembly and the surface of the mounting member on to which the adjustment fastener bears may be decreased or increased in order to produce a corresponding clockwise or anticlockwise rotation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis.
Preferably the retainer assembly is provided with a means of holding or locking it firmly in the position determined by the setting of the adjustment fastener as described above.
Preferably the lower part of the retainer assembly is held in position by a screw, bolt, or like fastener which connects the retainer assembly to the mounting member and which is capable of maintaining the said end of the said adjustment fastener in positive contact with the mounting member; the said screw bolt or like fastener may furthermore serve to aid in the securing of the panel by friction between two bearing members.
O The arrangement described above where the upper end of the retainer assembly bears N more or less directly on the mounting member and the retainer is capable of being
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rotated about that point of contact is preferable. However, according to a further embodiment of the present invention, the connections described above as being made to the lower part of the retainer assembly, are instead made to the upper part of the retainer assembly; while the lower part of the retainer assembly bears more or less OO directly on the mounting member.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the mounting member has a longitudinally extending open recess between two opposing flanges, with at least one retainer assembly being placed more or less within the recess between the two flanges; with the retainer assembly being spaced apart from each flange by at least one spacer; each spacer incorporating or being connected to a screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener such that turning of the screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener causes or permits a displacement of one part of the retainer between the said flanges, with such displacement inducing an adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly and the panel with respect to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis.
The mounting member may be more or less channular in shape, having a longitudinally extending open recess formed between two longitudinally extending flanges connected at the base by a web, which may be fastened to the substrate; the retainer assembly or assemblies being placed within the said recess, each retainer assembly comprising a pair of bearing members between which the edge of the panel is held; the faces of the bearing members which face towards the inner faces of the said flanges having a tapered profile on at least two portions of each face, one such tapered profile being above the other and tapering in the same direction; and with the inner faces of the said flanges being provided with like tapered profiles opposed to each tapered profile on the opposing face of the bearing members, but tapering in the opposite direction such that at least two wedges or inserts may be positioned one above the other between each wall of the mounting member and the adjacent bearing member; each wedge or insert having a means of controlling its height such that any change in height of the upper wedges or inserts will by virtue of the tapered profiles with which they are in contact, cause or allow a corresponding horizontal movement
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O of the upper part of the retainer assembly; and likewise such that any change in height N of the lower wedges or inserts will cause or allow a corresponding horizontal
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Smovement of the lower part of the retainer assembly.
N The height of the said wedges or inserts may be controlled by screws, bolts, or like fasteners which are more or less vertical and which have a threaded portion passing through and engaging like threaded holes in the said wedges or inserts, at least one end
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Sof the said screws, bolts, or like fasteners being held captive by either the mounting member or the bearing members, such that the installer may turn the selected screw, bolt, or like fastener, in order to create a horizontal displacement of the retainer.
In this embodiment of the present invention, by displacing the upper part of the retainer in an opposite direction relative to the lower part of the retainer, it will be seen that the retainer assembly and thus the panel, is adjusted in angular relationship to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis, in order to compensate for any non-verticality of the mounting member created by any irregularity of the substrate. One advantage of this embodiment is that holes are not required in the glass. A further advantage of this embodiment is that panels may easily be displaced to and fro laterally to assist alignment between adjacent panels, without necessarily inducing panel-rotation.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a kitset comprising a mounting member or members, and further comprising a retained assembly or assemblies, for construction of a balustrade, or balustrade section according to any one of the preceding claims. A panel or panels may be provided with the kitset, or may be supplied separately.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a method 'of construction for cantilevered panel balustrades comprising the provision of a mounting member, securing the mounting member to a substrate, securing the panel by a retainer assembly or assemblies to the mounting member, and adjusting the angular relationship of the retainer assembly or assemblies in relation to the mounting members about a longitudinal axis, in order to ensure that the panel is more or less vertical, or out-ofvertical by a desired amount. The order of installation may vary from that described above, without departing from the scope of this invention.
The components of the base assembly are preferably formed from aluminum; extruded aluminum being particularly suitable for forming any longitudinally extending members, or members with integral grooves, slots, or keyways. However, other suitable materials could be used such as steel or stainless steel, or even some thermoplastics materials for use in some situations. The said components of the base assembly may be provided with any desired surface finish, depending upon the material from which the components have been made. The panels are typically of glass, but panels of other rigid sheet materials or sectional components may be used.
A balustrade unit according to this invention may be connected to like units to form a continuous balustrade. A base assembly may be common to more than one panel. One panel may be common to more than one base assembly. A rail or handrail may be secured to the upper part of the panel or panels.
Brief Description of Drawings Hereinafter given by way of example only are preferred forms of the invention described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which like reference numbers refer to like features.
Figure la Illustrates a typical balustrade unit in accordance with this invention; and Figure lb Illustrates several balustrade units assembled to form a continuous balustrade; and Figures 2a Figures 2b Illustrates a cross-sectional view of a panel connected to a base assembly according to one preferred embodiment of this invention, with the plane of cross-section passing through the mounting member, cover, and the panel, showing an end view of the retainer assembly; and Illustrates a further cross-sectional view of a panel connected to a base assembly according to another preferred embodiment of this invention, with the plane of cross-section passing through the mounting member, cover, and the panel, showing an end view of the retainer assembly; and
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S Figure 2c Illustrates a further cross-sectional view of a panel connected to a base assembly according to another preferred embodiment of this invention, Swith the plane of cross-section passing through the mounting member, cover, and the panel, showing an end view of the retainer assembly, but being a variation to Figures 2a and 2b; and Figure 3 Illustrates a cross-sectional view of a panel connected to a base assembly oO according to another preferred embodiment of this invention, with the plane of cross-section passing through the mounting member, cover, and the panel, showing an end view of the retainer assembly.
Best Modes for Carrying Out the Invention With reference to the figures by way of example only, there is provided a balustrade unit 1.
With reference to Figure la, the balustrade unit 1 is assembled from a kitset comprising a base assembly which consists of a mounting member 2 and retainer assemblies 3.
The mounting member 2 is secured to the substrate 4. A panel 5 may be supplied with the kitset or separately, and is held along its lower edge 6 by the retainer assemblies 3.
Typically the balustrade unit stands about 1.0 metre high overall the panel however a wide range of heights is possible. Typically the overall height of the base assembly is only about 100 mm, however this also may vary considerably.
With reference to Figure lb it will be seen how several balustrade units 1 according to this invention may be consecutively assembled in juxtaposition with one another to form a continuous balustrade.
With reference to Figure 2a, the longitudinally extending mounting member 2 is generally L-shaped and is secured through its horizontal arm 7 by fasteners 8 to the substrate 4. The vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2 supports the upper part of the Inner Bearing Member 11, which together with the Outer Bearing Member 12 and their associated componentry comprise the retainer assembly 3, which secures the lower edge 6 of the panel 5. An upper clamping bolt 13 has its head 14 inserted in the upper keyway 15 formed in the vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2. A lower clamping bolt 16 also has its head 17 inserted into the lower keyway 18 formed in the 1 O vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2. The upper keyway 15 and the lower keyway 18 have internal dimensions such that the heads 14 and 17 of the bolts 13 and 16 respectively are free to move in a longitudinal direction but are prevented from turning within or being withdrawn laterally from the keyways. The Inner Bearing Member 10 has holes 19 provided for the clamping bolts 13 and 16 to pass through.
The Inner Bearing Member is provided with a gasket 20 which separates it from direct 00oO contact with the panel The panel 5 has a hole or slot 21 provided in it for the upper clamping bolt 13 to pass through. The Outer Bearing Member 12 has holes 22 provided in it for the clamping bolts 13 and 16 to pass through, and a gasket 23 separates it from direct contact with the panel 5. The panel 5 is supported by setting blocks 26.
With reference to Figure 2b, the retainer assembly 3 also incorporates an adjustment screw 27 which lies within the same horizontal plane as the clamping bolt 16 and adjacent to it, but is not shown in Figure 2a for clarity. However in Figure 2b the adjustment screw 27 is clearly shown, while the clamping bolt 16 has been omitted for clarity. Adjustment screw 27 passes through a hole 28 provided in the Outer Bearing Member 12 and has a threaded portion which engages a like threaded hole 29 in the Inner Bearing Member 11, with its free end 30 bearing on the mounting member 2. Rotation of the adjustment screw 27 during installation is capable of adjusting the position of the Inner Bearing Member 11 in relation to the mounting member 2.
With reference to Figure 2c, this illustrates a slight variation to Figures 2a and 2b. In this representation, the Inner Bearing Member 11 is a vertical plate which is the same size and shape as the Outer Bearing Member 12, and bears directly at its top or upper portion against the configured vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2.
Whilst the lower clamping bolts 16 and Adjustment screw 27 are represented on top of each other and not separated as in Figures 2a and 2b, this aspect of the invention is the same as that shown more clearly in Figures 2a and 2b.
With reference to Figures 2a-2c, the clamping bolts 13 and/or 16 are provided with nuts 24 and 25 which when tightened on to the Outer Bearing Member 12, press the Outer O Bearing Member 12 via the gasket 23 on to the lower edge of the panel 6; which is in
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N turn pressed via the gasket 20 on to the Inner Bearing Member 11, which at its upper
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end 10 is pressed on to the vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2; and at its lower end is pressed on to the thread of the adjustment screw 27; which in turn causes the end 30 of the adjustment screw 27 to press against the mounting member 2.
One method of assembly of the said kitset involves firstly securing the mounting O0 Smember 2 to the substrate 4. The clamping bolts 13 and 16 may have been previously
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Sinserted into the keyways 15 and 18, or they may be inserted after fixing to the Ssubstrate; in either case they are then slid longitudinally until they are in their correct positions near the ends of the panel 5. The inner bearing member 11 is then slid laterally over the clamping bolts until it is in the position shown in Figures 2. The panel 5 and the outer bearing member 12 are likewise slid laterally into position. The nuts 24 and 25 are then threaded on to the clamping bolts 13 and 16 respectively. The adjustment screw 27 is then passed through the hole 28 and threaded through the threaded hole 29 until its free end 30 bears against the mounting member 2. The installer may at this stage assess the verticality of the panel 5, and if necessary adjust it by turning the adjustment screw 27 which will move the base of the retainer assembly 3 in or out in relation to the vertical arm 9 of the mounting member 2.
When the installer has completed this adjustment, the nuts 24 and 25 may be fully tightened on to the outer bearing member 12. The longitudinally extending cover 31 is then positioned and held in place with adhesive, fasteners, or the like.
A further embodiment of this invention is illustrated in Figure 3. The longitudinally extending channular mounting member 50 is secured through its web 51 by fasteners 52 to the substrate 4. The panel 5 is held along its lower edge 56 by retainer assemblies 53, each of which comprises two bearing members 57 which are separated from direct contact with the panel 5 by gaskets 58. Each bearing member 57 has an upper tapered profile 59 and a lower tapered profile 60. Each flange 61 of the mounting member 50 has on its inner surface a corresponding upper tapered profile 62 and a corresponding lower tapered profile 63.
Between each upper tapered profile 59 on the bearing members 57 and the corresponding upper tapered profile 62 on the inner surface of the flanges 61, is an O upper wedge 64 having a threaded hole in it through which passes a screw 65 having N a like threaded portion which engages within the threaded hole. The screw 65 also
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passes through a hole in a projection 66 from the bearing member 57, with the head of the screw 65 being accessible to the installer.
On a different plane of cross-section to the upper wedges 64 but adjacent to them; and lying between each lower tapered profile 60 on the bearing members 57 and its 00
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Scorresponding lower tapered profile 63 on the inner surfaces of the flanges 61, is a Slower wedge 67 having a threaded hole in it through which passes a screw 68 having Sa like threaded portion which engages within the threaded hole. The screw 68 also passes through a hole in the projection 66 of the bearing member 57, with the head of the screws 68 likewise being accessible to the installer. The panel rests upon setting blocks 69. Two covers 70 are positioned to conceal the retainer assembly 53 and enclose the interior of the mounting member One method of assembly of this embodiment of the invention involves firstly securing the mounting member 50 to the substrate 54. The retainers assemblies 53 are then positioned inside the mounting member 50. The two bearing members 57 which are pressed together while they are inserted into the mounting member are then spread apart so as to cause the wedges 64 and 67 to contact the inside walls of the flanges 61 of the mounting member 50, and so as to allow insertion of the panel 5, and the gaskets 58, between the bearing members 57. The installer then turns the screws and 68 to raise the wedges 64 and 67, so as to apply pressure to the bearing members 57 and thus the panel 55. Should any correction be required for verticality or position of the panel, various adjustments can be made by the installer thus: By first loosening the left-hand lower wedge 67a then tightening the right-hand wedge 67b, the extreme lower edge 71 of the panel 5 will be shifted to the left, and thus its extreme upper edge 72 will shift to the right, rotating a small angle about a longitudinal axis passing through a point approximately midway between the upper wedges 64. Alternatively, by first loosening the right-hand upper wedge 64b then tightening the left-hand upper wedge 64a, a similar motion of the panel 5 will be induced, but with a slightly lower centre of the axis about which rotation occurs.
I 1 O By first loosening and then tightening the wedges on the opposite sides to that described above, then the panel will also rotate a small angle but in the opposite
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Sdirection to that described above.
By first loosening both the left-hand wedges 64a and 67a in equal amounts, then tightening both right-hand wedges 64b and 67b, the panel 5 will be displaced to the left relative to the mounting member 50 but without rotation of the panel 00 CI By first loosening both the right-hand wedges 64b and 67b, then tightening both left-hand wedges 64a and 67a, the panel 5 will be displaced to the right relative to c, 10 the mounting member 50, but without rotation of the panel By loosening both wedges on either side a little the panel 5 may be raised or lowered a little, but not below the level of the setting block 69, to the desired position. By retightening the wedges, while the panel is held there, the panel will be secured in that position.
To complete the installation the installer need only ensure that all wedges are tight, before sealing in position the covers While the above descriptions have generally been made for a balustrade unit comprising one panel and one mounting member with one or two retainers, in practice there may be: more than one panel per mounting member, especially where the mounting member is continuous one panel being common to more than one mounting member more than one retainer assembly per panel a continuous retainer assembly, but typically with several points of independent adjustment more than one panel being common to a retainer assembly.
O It should also be understood that the term "comprise" where used herein is not to be considered to be used in a limiting sense. Accordingly, 'comprise' does not represent nor Sdefine an exclusive set of items, but includes the possibility of other components and items being added to the list.
This specification is also based on the understanding of the inventor regarding the prior art.
0_ The prior art description should not be regarded as being an authoritative disclosure of the true state of the prior art but rather as referring to considerations in and brought to the mind and attention of the inventor when developing this invention.
The present invention has been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the scope thereof, as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (1)
- 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 1 wherein the said range of angular adjustment provided is approximately from the mid-point. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 2 wherein adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly and thus the panel in relation to the mounting member effects configuration of the panel relative to the balustrade installer in a substantially vertical arrangement, despite any out-of-verticality of the mounting member occasioned by irregularities which may exist in the substrate to which the mounting member is attached. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 3 wherein the said retainer assembly is substantially longitudinally continuous. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 4 wherein the said retainer assembly is angularly adjustable with respect to the mounting member or members, by varying degrees at various points along its length, according to any irregularity of the substrate. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 5 wherein more than one retainer N assembly per panel may be provided, each retainer assembly being capable of Sspecific angular adjustment with respect to the mounting member or members with which it is in juxtaposition. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 6 wherein the panel is adapted to be positively attached to the retainer assembly or assemblies which are along its O retained edge, and cover at least part of the face or faces of the panel along the said edge. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the panel is adapted to be positively attached to the retainer assembly or assemblies via adhesives. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 7 wherein the panel is adapted to be positively attached to the retainer assembly or assemblies which are along its retained edge via the retainer assembly including at least two bearing elements between which the said panel edge may be located, and which are subsequently tightened together so as to apply pressure to the panel and secure it thereto by friction. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 9 wherein an interlayer may be provided between the panel and the said bearing elements, particularly where the panel is glass, in order to spread the pressure and lessen the risk of fracture. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 10 wherein the interlayer includes a gasket. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the said bearing elements may be tightened together with screws, bolts, or like fasteners which either pass through or engage the said bearing elements. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 12 wherein at least some of the said screws, bolts, or like fasteners are adapted to also pass through holes in the panel provided for this purpose. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 9 wherein the panel is adapted to be secured O directly to one face of the retainer assembly by screws, bolts, or like fasteners Swhich pass through holes in the panel provided for this purpose. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 13 and 14 wherein the panel is adjustable with regards to longitudinal movement along its length in relation to the mounting member during installation and then secured to aid correct placement OO of the panel. O N 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 15 wherein adjustment of the panel position is effected by temporarily loosening of bearing elements or fasteners during installation after which the panel edge is secured between the said bearing elements or by the said fasteners. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 16 wherein where screws, bolts, or like fasteners pass through the panel, the holes through which they pass may be enlarged or elongated to facilitate adjustment of the panel position during installation. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 15 wherein the panel is adjustable with regards to longitudinal movement via connection of the panel to the mounting member enabling longitudinal movement of the panel in relation to the mounting member along an axis more or less parallel to the retained edge of the panel during installation. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 15 wherein mounting member is connectable to the retainer assembly, at least partially, by at least one screw, bolt, or like fastener. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 19 wherein the said screw, bolt or like fastener, is provided with a head, boss, or nut which is engagable with the said screw, bolt, or like fastener, such that the said head, boss or nut is held within a longitudinally extending open recess provided in either the retainer assembly or the mounting member; the said open recess being provided with an open mouth of a width to enable the shank of the said screw, bolt, or like fastener to pass through it, while at the same time retaining the said head, boss or nut from O passing through it; such that the said fastener cannot be withdrawn through the N mouth of the recess, while remaining capable of at least some longitudinal U amovement along the extent of the open recess. N 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 19 wherein the said open recess and the said head, boss, or nut may be configured as to prevent the head, boss, or nut turning within the recess. 00 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 21 wherein at least some of the screws, bolts, or like fasteners which secure the retainer assembly to the mounting member, serve to tighten the said retainer assembly or the said bearing members on to the panel. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 22 wherein adjustment of the angular relationship at the retainer assembly with respect to the mounting member, is effectable by the provision of at least one pair of spaced apart points of connection or contact between the retainer assembly and the mounting member lying within a single vertical plane which is more or less perpendicular to the face of the panel, with a means of providing an adjustable separation distance between the retainer assembly and the mounting member being provided at least one of the points of connection or contact, such that an adjustment of the said separation distance causes an adjustment of the angular relation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 23 wherein the degree of angular rotation effected is dependent on the ratio of change in separation distance to distance between the said points of connection or contact, both of which are adapted to provide at least some degree of angular rotation. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 24 wherein any one of the said points of connection or contact is adapted to include at least two fasteners, connections, or bearing areas lying more or less on the same longitudinal axis as each other. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 25 wherein more than one pair of spaced apart points of connection or contact are provided per a retainer assembly. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 26 wherein at least one of the points of O NI connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member may be by Sa screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener between the retainer assembly and the mounting member which effectively provides a means of adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly to the mounting member by a change in separation distance between the retainer assembly and the mounting OO member at that point caused or permitted by turning of the screw, bolt, or like athreaded fastener. S84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 26 wherein at least one of the points of O connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member may be by a screw, bolt, nut, or like fastener which clamps the retainer in relation to the mounting member, but which when loosened, permits movement to a desired position, at which time the screw, bolt, nut or like fastener can be re-tightened. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 27 or Claim 28 wherein at least one of the points of connection or contact between the retainer assembly and the mounting member provides a substantially fixed distance of separation between the retainer assembly and the mounting member at that point, while allowing angular rotation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis which either or both passes substantially through the joint and whose position is determined by the geometry of the point of connection. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 29 wherein the at least one of the points of connection or contact provide an interlocking relationship between the retainer assembly and the mounting member at such a point. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 26 wherein two spaced apart points of connection between the retainer assembly and the mounting member both provide an adjustable separation distance there-between to enable adjustment of the angular relation between the retainer assembly or the mounting member about a longitudinal axis. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 30 and 31 wherein the mounting member is ,I continuous. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the retainer assembly is at least partially concealable from view by either or both the mounting member and at least one covering member when the base assembly is completely assembled. 00 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 33 wherein the mounting member is adapted to include at least one surface through which fasteners are capable of passing for the purpose of securing the mounting member to the surface of a substrate. (-i 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 34 wherein any fasteners securing the mounting member to the substrate are at least partially shielded from view when the said base assembly is installed, by either or both of: the mounting member; and, at least one covering member. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 33 and Claim 35 wherein the at least one covering member(s) is securable to the base assembly to effect the at least partial conceal of the retainer assembly and the fasteners. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 35 wherein the mounting member includes at least two arms. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 37 wherein the at least two arms are mountable such that one of the arms is substantially horizontal and provides vertical support to the retainer assembly and the panel; whilst another of the at least two arms is substantially vertical and provides lateral support by a connection to an upper part of the retainer assembly. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 38 wherein the mounting member is substantially L-shaped. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 39 wherein said vertical arm of the mounting member is substantially connected to or provides a bearing surface for the upper part of the retainer assembly. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 40 wherein connection of the retainer N assembly to the mounting member is achieved by at least one screw, bolt, or like Sfastener to maintain either or both the upper part and the lower part of the retainer assembly in positive contact with the mounting member. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 41 wherein the said screw, bolt, or the fastener also aids in securing the panel between two bearing members by OO friction. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 42 wherein the said screw, bolt, or like fastener are locatable through holes in the panel provided for this purpose. (-i 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 43 wherein the said holes are configured to allow the adjustment of the position of the panel during installation. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 43 wherein the at least one screw, bolt, or like fastener required to maintain the lower part of the retainer assembly in positive contact with the mounting member is an adjustment fastener having a threaded portion engaging a complementary threaded hole in the retainer assembly and having one of its ends bearing on a surface of the mounting member such that by turning of the adjustment fastener the distance between the retainer assembly and the surface of the mounting member on to which the adjustment fastener bears may be decreased or increased in order to produce a corresponding clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation of the retainer assembly in relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 43 wherein the at least one screw, bolt, or like fastener required to maintain the upper part of the retainer assembly in positive contact with the mounting member is an adjustment fastener having a threaded portion engaging a complementary threaded hole in the retainer assembly and having one of its ends bearing on a surface of the mounting member such that by turning of the adjustment fastener the distance between the retainer assembly and the surface of the mounting member on to which the adjustment fastener bears may be decreased or increased in order to produce a corresponding clockwise or anti-clockwise rotation of the retainer assembly in O relation to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis, while the lower N part of the retainer assembly bears substantially directly on the mounting U Smember. IND 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 45 wherein the position of the retainer assembly, once determined by the operation of the adjustment fastener, is secured by holding or locking means. OO 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in either Claim 45 or Claim 46 wherein the mounting ,i member includes a longitudinally extending open recess between two opposing flanges; with at least one retainer assembly being placed substantially within the recess between the two flanges; with the retainer assembly being spaced apart from each flange by at least one spacer; each spacer incorporating or being connected to a screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener such that turning of the screw, bolt, or like threaded fastener causes or permits a displacement of one part of the retainer between the said flanges, with such displacement inducing an adjustment of the angular relationship of the retainer assembly and the panel with respect to the mounting member about a longitudinal axis. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 48 wherein the mounting member is substantially channel-shaped, having a longitudinally extending open recess formed between two longitudinally extending flanges connected at the base by a web, fastenable to the substrate. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 49 wherein the recess of the mounting member is configured to receive the retainer assembly or assemblies placed within the said recess. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 50 wherein each retainer assembly comprises a pair of bearing members between which the edge of the panel is held. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 51 wherein the bearing members include complementary faces which face towards the inner faces of the flanges of the recess. O 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 52 wherein the faces of the bearing members include a tapered profile on at least two portions of each face. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 53 wherein of the tapered profile on at least two portions of each face, one such tapered profile is above the other and is tapered in the same direction. 00 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 52 to 54 wherein with the inner faces of the flanges of the recess are provided with tapered profiles opposed to each N tapered profile on the opposing face of the bearing members, but tapering in the opposite direction such that at least two wedges or inserts may be positioned one above the other between each wall of the mounting member and the adjacent bearing member. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 55 wherein each wedge or insert includes a height controlling means. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 56 wherein the said height controlling means operates such that any change in height of the upper wedges or inserts effects or enables, by virtue of the tapered profiles with which they are in contact, a corresponding horizontal movement of the upper part of the retainer assembly; and likewise any change in height of the lower wedges or inserts effects or enables a corresponding horizontal movement of the lower part of the retainer assembly. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 57 wherein the height of the said wedges or inserts may be controlled by screws, bolts, or like fasteners, said fasteners being substantially vertical and having a threaded portion passing through and engaging complementary threaded holes in the said wedges or inserts, at least one end of the said screws, bolts, or like fasteners being held captive by either the mounting member or the bearing members, such that the installer is able to turn the selected screw, bolt, or like fastener in order to create a horizontal displacement of the retainer. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 58 wherein displacement of the upper part of the retainer in an opposite direction relative to the lower part of the retainer, enables adjustment of the retainer assembly and thus the panel about a longitudinal axis, in angular relationship to the mounting member. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 59 wherein said adjustment of the retainer assembly and the panel relative to the mounting member compensates for any non-verticality of the mounting member created by any irregularity of the substrate. 00 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 60 wherein said adjustment enables panels to be displaced to and fro laterally to assist alignment between adjacent panels, without the necessity for inducing panel-rotation, or including holes in the panels. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 36 wherein one base assembly is common to more than one panel. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in claim 61 wherein one panel may be common to more than one base assembly. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 63 wherein the panel or panels include at their upper part, a rail or handrail secured to the upper part of the panel or panels. 84. balustrade unit as claimed in Claim 63 wherein the panel or panels include glass substantially planar sheet materials, distinct sectional components. 84. A balustrade unit as claimed in any one of the preceding claims wherein the balustrade unit is connectable to like units to form a continuous balustrade. 84. A base assembly for use with a balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 1-66. 84. A retainer assembly for use with a balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 1-66. 84. A mounting member for use with a balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 1-66. 84. A panel for use with a balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 1-66. 84. A handrail for use with a balustrade unit as claimed in Claims 1-66. I O 84. A kitset for construction of a balustrade, or balustrade section comprising at i least one mounting member, at least one retainer assembly and optionally at Sleast one panel. IND 84. A method *of construction for cantilevered panel balustrades including the steps of: 00oO 84. providing a mounting member, 84. securing the mounting member to a substrate, 084. securing a panel to the mounting member by a retainer assembly or assemblies, and d)adjusting the angular relationship of the retainer assembly or assemblies in relation to the mounting members about a longitudinal axis, 84. to ensure that the panel is substantially vertical, or out-of-vertical by a desired amount. 84. A method of adjusting the panels of cantilevered panel balustrades including the steps of: 84. Using adjustment means; and thereby 84. effecting displacement of the upper part of the retainer in an opposite direction relative to the lower part of the retainer; and effecting thereby 84. adjustment of the retainer assembly; and thus in angular relationship to the mounting member 84. adjusting the panel about a longitudinal axis. 84. A balustrade unit substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A continuous balustrade substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. O 84. A base assembly for use with a balustrade unit substantially as described herein N, with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A retainer assembly for use with a balustrade unit substantially as described INC herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A mounting member for use with a balustrade unit substantially as described 00oO herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A panel for use with a balustrade unit substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A handrail for use with a balustrade unit substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A kitset for construction of a balustrade, substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A method *of construction for cantilevered panel balustrades substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. 84. A method of adjusting the panels of cantilevered panel balustrades substantially as described herein with reference to the accompanying examples and figures. Dated this 16 t day of December 2004 UNEX SYSTEMS By its Attorneys PIPERS MILLS OAKLEY
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NZ53017803A NZ530178A (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2003-12-16 | Improvements in or relating to cantilevered panel balustrade units |
| NZ530178 | 2003-12-16 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU2004240181A1 true AU2004240181A1 (en) | 2005-06-30 |
| AU2004240181B2 AU2004240181B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
| AU2004240181C1 AU2004240181C1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
Family
ID=34709410
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2004240181A Expired - Fee Related AU2004240181C1 (en) | 2003-12-16 | 2004-12-16 | Improvements in or Relating to Cantilevered Panel Balustrade Units |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU2004240181C1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ530178A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2930270A1 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-10-23 | Jacques Olivier | Glass panel fitting device for building structure, has elastic protection joint contacting clamping support surface of jaw, so that joint is sufficiently deformable to receive deformation of panel along Y-axis normal to channel extension |
| EP2171180A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-04-07 | R&b Wagner | Partition mounting system and clamp assembly for mounting partition |
| AU2012244289B2 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2017-06-15 | Unex Systems (Nz) Limited | A Support Bracket and/or a Support Device |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NZ546194A (en) * | 2006-03-27 | 2008-07-31 | Juralco Aluminium Building Pro | A fence support |
| ITBS20120020A1 (en) | 2012-02-14 | 2013-08-15 | Metalglas Bonomi S R L | DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING AND / OR LOCKING A SLAB |
| CN105793501B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2019-05-07 | 香港威宇五金玻璃有限公司 | Installation part for panel |
| WO2016024299A1 (en) * | 2014-08-11 | 2016-02-18 | Vetreria Pescini S.R.L. | A fixing system for glass panels with bilateral adjusting in respect to a vertical axis |
| CN105003037B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-04-12 | 青岛朔方国际贸易有限公司 | Glass guardrail fixing device |
| IT202100012365A1 (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-11-13 | Metalglas Bonomi S R L | TOGETHER WITH ADJUSTABLE CLAMPING MEANS |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6964410B1 (en) * | 2002-11-11 | 2005-11-15 | Hansen Tracy C | Suspended glass panel railing system |
-
2003
- 2003-12-16 NZ NZ53017803A patent/NZ530178A/en unknown
-
2004
- 2004-12-16 AU AU2004240181A patent/AU2004240181C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2171180A1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2010-04-07 | R&b Wagner | Partition mounting system and clamp assembly for mounting partition |
| EP2171180B1 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2014-03-05 | R&B Wagner, Inc. | Partition mounting system with clamp assembly for mounting partition |
| AU2008282693B2 (en) * | 2007-08-02 | 2014-11-13 | R & B Wagner | Partition mounting system and clamp assembly for mounting partition |
| FR2930270A1 (en) * | 2008-04-21 | 2009-10-23 | Jacques Olivier | Glass panel fitting device for building structure, has elastic protection joint contacting clamping support surface of jaw, so that joint is sufficiently deformable to receive deformation of panel along Y-axis normal to channel extension |
| AU2012244289B2 (en) * | 2011-11-03 | 2017-06-15 | Unex Systems (Nz) Limited | A Support Bracket and/or a Support Device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2004240181C1 (en) | 2010-03-04 |
| AU2004240181B2 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
| NZ530178A (en) | 2006-08-31 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PC1 | Assignment before grant (sect. 113) |
Owner name: UNEX SYSTEMS (NZ) LIMITED Free format text: FORMER APPLICANT(S): UNEX SYSTEMS |
|
| DA2 | Applications for amendment section 104 |
Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS AS SHOWN IN THE STATEMENT(S) FILED 08 OCT 2009. |
|
| DA3 | Amendments made section 104 |
Free format text: THE NATURE OF THE AMENDMENT IS AS SHOWN IN THE STATEMENT(S) FILED 08 OCT 2009 |
|
| MK4 | Application lapsed section 142(2)(d) - no continuation fee paid for the application |