AU1307800A

AU1307800A - Efficiency enhanced turbine engine

Info

Publication number: AU1307800A
Application number: AU13078/00A
Authority: AU
Inventors: Michael A. Wilson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1999-07-19
Filing date: 1999-07-19
Publication date: 2001-02-05
Also published as: EP1204818A1; JP2003505636A; CA2376163C; MXPA01013226A; CA2376163A1; EP1204818A4

Description

WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 1 EFFICIENCY ENHANCED TURBINE ENGINE Technical Field This invention relates to an improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine. 5 Background of the Invention Turbine engines are now well known, and the turbine engine is now known to have several advantages not to be found in engines such as, for example, piston type internal combustion engines, although such engines have 10 useful features not heretofore incorporated in turbine engines. As is well known, the typical turbine engine utilizes compression and combustion stages with fluid flow established therethrough, utilizes near constant high 15 pressure at combustion (practical usable pressures, at least in many turbine engines, are limited by reverse flow through the compressor (i.e., compressed stall) and the physical size of the several stages required to achieve the necessary high pressures), and has a primary direction 20 of flow through the engine that is substantially parallel to the axis of rotation (circumferential components may be found in radial compressors, but these components do not provide progress of the fluid between successive stages of the engine). 25 It is known that the efficiency of heat engines is directly related to the operating temperatures at which heat is added, that increases in operating pressures normally also increase operating temperatures, and that heat engines can be made more efficient by constraining 30 the fluid during the heating process, all of which enhance efficiency, and the foregoing have been found to be applicable to heat engines in which heat is added by combustion of, or in, the working fluid. While constraining of working fluid to a near constant volume 35 during heating is common to the internal combustion engine, for example, this feature has not heretofore been utilized in now known turbine engines. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 2 Now known turbine engines normally cannot tolerate pressure rises during combustion because of accompanying temperature rises to unacceptable levels and/or because pressure rises above the pressure at the outlet of the 5 compressor results in pressure flow back through the compressor with such pressure back flow often stalling the compressor. While compressor/inlet stall has been prevented in a pulse jet engine, for example, by interposing a barrier 10 between the combustion chamber and the compressor/inlet during the combustion process to allow the temperature and pressure to rise during combustion above that provided by the compressor and thus provide an increase in operating efficiency, and while this same general concept has also 15 been used in a piston driven internal combustion engine through use of inlet and outlet valves with the piston operated in such a manner as to provide a near fixed volume during combustion to thus provide an increase in operating efficiency, the foregoing has not heretofore 20 been utilized in now known turbine engines. In turbine engines, the maximum operating temperatures typically occur at the exit from the combustor, which commonly is also the inlet of the turbine portion of the engine, and the materials, or surfaces, at 25 the turbine portion are often continuously subjected to temperatures at, or near, the maximum tolerable operating temperatures. Since the maximum tolerable temperature strength of the materials in the turbine portion of now known turbine 30 engines is at least one of the primary determinants of turbine efficiency, such engines are thus also now limited in efficiency by the ability of the materials in the turbine portion to withstand high temperatures (while increased efficiency in now known turbine engines could be 35 realized by improving the high temperature strength of the material at the turbine portion, this cannot always be practically accomplished and/or is often quite an expensive undertaking). SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO ul/Uobluz PCT/US99/16305 3 Improvements in heretofore known turbine engines (such as those illustrated in U.S. Patent Nos. 1,289,960, 4,693,075, 4,503,669, 3,877,219, and 3,685,287) to provide efficiency enhancement not now found in the turbine engine 5 would therefore be found useful and/or is now needed. Disclosure of the Invention This invention provides an improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine and method for a turbine engine having a rotor and a fluid flow path that extends through 10 compression, combustion, and expansion or turbine stages with fluid flowing through the fluid flow path driving the rotor. The turbine engine has one or more stator-rotor stator assemblies, and, in a now preferred embodiment of 15 this invention, a flat rotor disk with turbine blades is utilized and provides fabrication simplicity as well as simplifying establishing and maintaining clearances of the turbine blades. Increases in pressure during combustion above the 20 pressure at the compressor, or compression stage, are prevented from flowing back from the combustor, or combustion stage, to the compressor to thus allow higher usable pressure at the combustor and hence allow higher temperatures to be utilized during combustion which 25 results in greater engine efficiency. Fluid is substantially precluded from flowing back to the compression stage from the combustion stage by trapping fluid compressed at the compression stage between turbine blades of the rotor in a constrained flow section 30 for achieving a valving action between the compression stage and the combustion stage to provide forward transfer of the compressed fluid without reverse flow of pressure whereby the fluid at the combustion stage is elevated in temperature and pressure while being maintained at near 35 constant volume during combustion to provide still greater efficiency enhancement. Constant volume combustion can be further augmented by valving and/or use of a constrained flow region in the fluid path. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCTIUS99/16305 4 Fluid flow is preferably in a circumferential direction and the fluid passes, or reenters, the rotor a plurality of times to provide cyclic exposure of the moving parts of the turbine engine to different portions 5 of the engine cycle for substantially reducing the average temperature to which the moving parts are subjected and thereby allow higher compression ratios and combustion temperatures to also yield higher efficiency. The enhanced efficiency turbine engine includes a 10 unit having compression, combustion and expansion stages and having a pressure difference existing during normal operation between the compression and combustion stages, the unit also including at least one stator having a plurality of chambers and an adjacent rotor. A combustion 15 producer for causing combustion at the combustion stage is provided and a fluid flow path extends through the compression and combustion stages, the fluid flow path extending between the stator and the adjacent rotor. The rotor has blades disposed in the fluid flow path for 20 containing fluid between the blades and transferring fluid contained between the blades between the compression and combustion stages to thereby enable fluid to be maintained at near constant volume during combustion. The turbine engine unit may include first and second 25 stators, the fluid flow path configuration including a first portion extending through the first stator, a second portion extending through the second stator, and third and fourth portions extending through the rotor. The fluid passing through the third portion of the fluid flow path 30 is in the direction opposite to the direction of fluid passing through the fourth portion of the fluid flow path whereby the fluid moving along the fluid flow path passes through the rotor a plurality of times for causing movement of the rotor due to fluid flow along the path. 35 The compression and combustion stages have pressure established thereat during normal operation, with the pressure at the combustion stage being substantially precluded from flowing to the compression stage during the SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 5 combustion to thereby allow the pressure at the combustion stage to be elevated to a pressure greater than the pressure of the fluid at the compression stage during the combustion. 5 The rotor positioned between the first and second stators has first and second groups of turbine blades positioned radially adjacent to one another on the rotor. Fluid flow from the first and second stators passes through the rotor to thereby engage each group of the 10 turbine blades a plurality of times. The stators and rotor are preferably disks with the rotor disk positioned between the first and second stator disks and the rotor disk having turbine blades. An adjustable spacing control is connected with the first and 15 second stator disks to enable adjustment of the operational spacing between the disks. An intermittent exposure controller is provided for controlling exposure of the surfaces of the rotor to high temperatures by achieving a mixed fluid flow through the 20 turbine engine. The method of this invention for providing enhanced efficiency in a turbine engine having a compression stage and a combustion stage receiving fluid from the compression stage includes providing fluid flow through 25 the compression and combustion stages of the turbine engine, elevating the pressure of the fluid at the combustion stage to a pressure greater than the pressure of fluid at the compression stage, and preventing the pressure at the combustion stage from flowing back to the 30 compression stage to thereby enable use of higher pressures at the combustion stage. As may be appreciated from the foregoing, it is an object of this invention to improve and efficiency enhance a turbine engine and related method by provision of the 35 foregoing advantages and advantageous effects . It is still another object of this invention to provide an improved turbine engine and method having compression, combustion, and expansion or turbine stages SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WU UI/UDIUL PI'T/UN99/163U5 6 with fluid flow therethrough in a manner such that efficiency is enhanced. It is still another object of this invention to provide an improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine 5 having a flat rotor disk. It is still another object of this invention to provide an improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine with one or more stator-rotor-stator assemblies with flow therein in a circumferential direction and with the fluid 10 reentering the rotor a plurality of times to provide exposure of the moving parts of the turbine engine to different portions of the engine cycle. It is still another object of this invention to provide an improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine 15 wherein fluid flow is controlled so that pressure is substantially precluded from flowing back to the compression stage to allow higher usable pressure at the combustion stage. It is still another object of this invention to 20 provide and improved and energy enhanced turbine engine wherein fluid at the combustion stage is elevated in temperature and pressure while being maintained at near constant volume during combustion. With these and other advantages and advantageous 25 effects in view, which will become apparent to one skilled in the art as the description proceeds, this invention resides in the novel construction, combination, arrangement of parts and method substantially as hereinafter described, and more particularly defined in 30 the appended claims, it being understood that changes in the precise embodiments of the herein disclosed invention are meant to be included as come within the scope of the claims. Brief Description of the Drawings 35 The accompanying drawings illustrate a complete embodiment of the invention according to the best mode so far devised for the practical application of the principles thereof, and in which: SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) Wu UI/UoIUz r L1/Uvouvo 7 FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of the turbine engine of this invention having a single stator-rotor-stator assembly; FIGURE 2 is a side sectional view of the turbine 5 engine shown in FIGURE 1; FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of the rotor shown in FIGURE 2; FIGURE 4 is a top view of the rotor shown in FIGURES 2 and 3; 10 FIGURE 5 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor taken through lines 5-5 of FIGURE 4; FIGURES 6 and 7 are top views of the top and bottom plates, respectively, of the rotor shown in FIGURE 2; FIGURE 8 is a simplified top view sketch illustrating 15 fluid flow through the rotor and top and bottom stators shown in FIGURE 2; FIGURE 9 is an enlarged partial side view illustrating the rotor and stators with a captured flow region between the compression and combustion stages; 20 FIGURE 10 is a cut-away side view of a turbine engine having a plurality of stator-rotor-stator assemblies with valving associated therewith; FIGURE 11 is an end view fluid flow illustration of the turbine engine shown in FIGURE 10 wherein fluid passes 25 through the rotor a plurality of times; FIGURE 12 is a cross-sectional view taken through lines 12-12 of FIGURE 11; and FIGURES 13 through 15 are cut-away side views (FIGURES 13 and 14) and end view (FIGURE 15) of a turbine 30 engine such as shown in FIGURE 10 but illustrating use of intermittent combustion (FIGURE 13), flow diversion (FIGURE 14), and mixed flow using circumferential separation (FIGURE 15). Modes For Carrying Out The 35 Invention And Industrial Applicability Since the efficiency of a turbine engine is directly related to the temperature at which heat is added, turbine engines can be made more efficient by increasing pressure, SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO U1/b61UZ PCT/US99/163U5 8 and therefore temperature, at combustion and/or by constraining the fluid during the combustion process. Improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine 20 is shown in FIGURES 1 through 9. As best shown in FIGURE 2, 5 engine 20 now preferably includes a single stator-rotor stator assembly 21, and as best shown in FIGURES 1 and 2, the engine is small and compact with low mass. As also best shown in FIGURE 2, turbine engine 20 includes top stator 23, bottom stator 24, and rotor 25 10 positioned between the top and bottom stators, with rotor top plate 26 and rotor bottom plate 27 being positioned at the opposite sides of the rotor. Rotor 25 also has a hub 28 connected therewith and constrained to rotation therewith, with the hub being connectable with a 15 conventional output drive through load attachment nut 29. A fluid flow path 31 is established through the turbine engine, with fluid being inserted into the path through fluid inlet, or intake, 33 and discharged from the path through fluid outlet, or exhaust, 34. Combustion 20 producer 36 is provided at top stator 23 and, as indicated, may include a fuel inserter, or injector, 38 and an ignitor 39. As also best indicated in FIGURE 2, rotor 25 is preferably a flat rotor disk (the disk may be ceramic) 25 positioned between top and bottom stators 23 and 24 (stators 23 and 24 may also be disks) and the stator disks are maintained in spaced relationship with respect to one another by a retaining ring 41. Spacing between the stator disks is controlled by spacing control 43, shown to 30 include jack screws 45 (in FIGURE 2) controlled by a gap control drive 46 (in FIGURE 1). In the embodiment of the invention as shown in FIGURES 1 through 9, rotor 25 is the only part that moves at engine speeds. As shown in FIGURE 2, rotor 25 is 35 mounted on two internal high speed bearings 47 that provide the rotational axis. The bearings are supported by stationary stator shaft 49 which may be integrally formed with top stator 23 or otherwise attached to the top SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) 9 stator. The vertical position of the rotor is supported by air bearing operation of the rotor disk top and bottom surfaces. Fluid flow path 31 is shown in FIGURE 2 to include a 5 first portion 51 that extends through top stator 23, a second portion 52 that extends through bottom stator 24, and third and fourth portions 54 and 55 that extend through different areas, or portions, of rotor 25. As indicated in FIGURES 3 and 4 (FIGURE 3 being a 10 semi-transparent trimetric perspective view illustrating only the outer peripheral portion of the rotor and FIGURE 4 being a top view also illustrating only the outer peripheral portion of the rotor), rotor 25 has two groups 57 and 58 of turbine blades therein with the blades being 15 disposed in inner and outer rings 60 and 61 near the outer periphery of the rotor so that each group of turbine blades passes through different ones of third and fourth paths 54 and 55. The turbine blades are configured, or shaped, as 20 indicated in FIGURE 5, to react to fluid flow and provide an impediment to fluid flow unless the blades are rotated. The opposite ends, or edges, of each of the turbine blades are mounted on, and attached to, top and bottom plates 26 and 27 to reduce stress levels, with turbine blade group 25 57 (at inner ring 60) being mounted at an angle so that upward circumferential flow through portion 54 of fluid flow path 31 drives the rotor in a clockwise direction, and with turbine blade group 58 (at outer ring 61) being mounted at an angle opposite to the angle used to mount 30 turbine blade group 57 so that downward circumferential flow through portion 55 of fluid flow path 31 also drives the rotor in the clockwise direction. In the single stator-rotor-stator assembly embodiment of the turbine engine (as shown in FIGURES 1 through 9), 35 an entire engine cycle, including compression, combustion, and expansion, occurs continuously and/or intermittently during each revolution of the rotor. Fluid (normally air) flow through the top and bottom stators is best indicated SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCTIUS99/16305 10 by arrows in FIGURES 6 and 7, and the combined flow is best indicated by arrows in FIGURE 8, with FIGURE 8 also specifically indicating compression stage 63, combustion stage 65, and expansion stage 67 in relationship with 5 fluid flow from intake 33 to exhaust 34. Fluid flow enters the engine at intake 33 at bottom stator 24 and flows upward through the inner ring, or portion, 54, of rotor 25 continuing in a spiral pattern in the circumferential direction through top stator 23 '10 forward and downward through the outer ring, or portion, 55 of rotor 25, and then forward and upward through bottom stator 24. The progress of the fluid is in a spiral with flow in the circumferential direction outwardly in top stator 23, as indicated in FIGURE 6, and inwardly in 15 bottom stator 24, as indicated in FIGURE 7. The combined flow, as indicated in FIGURE 8, is upward at the intake (marked 1), downward (marked 2) on the outer ring, upward (marked 3) and so on through the compression stage in the circumferential direction and 20 with ever increasing compression and pressure toward the combustion stage. After the combustion stage, expansion progresses in the expansion stage in a similar manner through progressively larger passages, as indicated in FIGURE 8, until the fluid is exhausted through the exhaust 25 port. While not specifically shown, it is meant to be realized that appropriate valving could be utilized in the top and/or bottom plates of the rotor to control fluid flow and/or cause fluid by-pass where needed. 30 During both compression and expansion, the fluid flow is kept to the lowest practical velocities in order to keep the passages as large as possible. An aerodynamic calculation illustrates the above features of fluid (air) flow and these calculations show that under conditions 35 wherein flow through the turbine is at a low constant velocity in the normal direction for compression and less than 200 meters per second in the expansion process, the WO 01/061U2 PCT/US99/16305 11 area of the flow passage is proportional to the volumetric compression. For a given inlet area and fixed flow velocity, there is a point in a continuous compression process, in which 5 the volume of the flow is the same as the free volume within the rotor, i.e., the volume between the blades times the velocity of the blades is equal to the flow volume. With appropriate design choices, that condition arrives at the same point of the flow in which the desired 10 compression ratio is achieved. FIGURE 9 illustrates that fluid flow can then be swept into a captured, or confined, flow region by the motion of the rotor. In the confined flow region, the stators fit the rotor and the blades sufficiently tightly 15 so as to prevent the trapped fluid (air) from leaking out at any substantial rate. This confined region also separates the combustion process from the compression process so that any desired combustion process can be utilized without generating back flow of additional 20 loading of the compressor stage. Near constant volume combustion can be achieved by causing combustion to occur, such as by injection of fuel and ignition, during the time the flow is trapped between the blades, or, if slower combustion is desired, as 25 indicated in FIGURE 9, after the confined region the passage can be expanded into a combustion chamber having a cross section as required to achieve the desired combustion time. In the embodiment of this invention utilizing a 30 single stator-rotor-stator assembly (as shown in FIGURES 1 through 9), there are four surfaces requiring special precision in fabrication. The top and bottom of the rotor and the interfacing surfaces of the top and bottom of stators must be air bearing precision flat, and must be 35 stiff enough to maintain that flatness in the region near the combustion process over time and temperature. The significance of the problem is reduced by the fact that the flat rotor disk has a short dimensional path (about 1 SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 12 cm) and the area under high pressure is very small (roughly 40 cm 2 or six square inches in a 100 HP design). By providing forward threads on the outer edge of top stator 23 and reverse threads on bottom stator 24, the gap 5 between the stators and the rotor can be reduced to air bearing clearances by rotating the retaining ring. Rotation of the retaining ring relative to the stators in one direction will bring the stators closer together, and rotation in the opposite direction will increase engine 10 clearances. By use of jack screws 45, as shown in FIGURE 2, and gap control 46, as shown in FIGURE 1, retaining ring motion during operation is made practical. By this means, the only critical engine tolerance, i.e., clearance 15 between the rotor and stators, can be adjusted over the life of the engine to compensate for wear, and during operation to provide higher performance if desired. The remainder of the tolerances in the engine do not significantly affect performance and may therefore utilize 20 standards common to the engine industry. The outlet of the combustion stage can pass through a second confined region, or could be ported directly into the exhaust turbine. As long as some flow is allowed from the combustion process into the exhaust turbine, the 25 engine will generate torque at zero speed. The low speed torque is limited by the low compression state of the flow presented to the combustion process, but still is a substantial portion of the energy available from a constant volume combustion process at any effective 30 compression ratio/speed. At low speed, the compression stage generates very little pressure, and thus requires little energy, and since frictional losses are low, essentially all of the available torque is shaft output power. 35 In low compression engines, a compromise engine clearance setting can be utilized over a number of cycles of engine use. For engines operating at high compression ratios,. compressor stall during engine start is a SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) VL UIUIUL rL- 1/ 77/1U.J3UD 13 significant problem. Compressor stall arises because the latter stages of the compressor cannot achieve the required mass flow until high pressures are achieved at high speed. At low speed, the mass flow capabilities of 5 the low pressure stages exceeds that of the latter stages and the early stages of the compressor stall preventing further pressure rise. Active gap control (such as can be provided, for example, by automatically controlling gap drive 46, such 10 as, for example, by use of a computer program or a timer) can overcome this difficulty by loosening the engine clearances during startup and at low engine speed. The loose engine clearances will allow the excess flow capacity to be dissipated through leakage thereby 15 preventing compressor stall. As the speed and pressure rise, increasing the mass flow capabilities of the latter portion of the compressor, the clearances can be progressively tightened to achieve optimum performance. The embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIGURES 20 1 through 9, is simple, having only four major components, four precision flat surfaces, and simple accessories, as well as being light in weight (about 75 pounds for a 100 HP engine. The engine also has an estimated practical thirty percent thermodynamic advantage over the best known 25 engine's today operating at the same compression ratio, very low frictional losses, continuous torque, zero speed torque, low turbine stress, material thermal advantages, and fabrication simplicity. The thermodynamic advantage arises from near constant 30 volume combustion and expansion back to ambient pressure, and the very low frictional losses arise from use of air bearing seals. The engine is inherently balanced and can provide continuous torque from a single combustion chamber requiring only a single fuel injector and ignitor. 35 The confined flow region separating the combustion chamber from the compressor also has an effect on the nature of the engine cycle including generation of significant zero speed and low speed torque. At low SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 14 speed, the compressor requires little energy, thus with low frictional losses essentially all of the available torque is shaft output power. The turbine blades experience all portions of the 5 engine operation cycle and thus operate at the average flow temperature (rather than the peak flow temperature typical of now known turbine engines). Since the blades are supported at both ends, the only critical dimension, the sealing dimension, is both small and adjustable. The 10 small size of the dimension and the few parts involved in creating the dimension provide for stability over both temperature and time, and adjustability greatly simplifies fabrication (the final finish on the air bearing surfaces can be achieved by wear in during initial operation). 15 An improved and efficiency enhanced turbine engine can also be realized using plural stator-rotor-stator assemblies, particularly with respect to providing valving to prevent back flow of pressure from the combustion stage to the compressor stage, constraining of fluid at the 20 combustion stage to effect near constant volume during combustion, passage of fluid through the rotor of one or more of the plural stator-rotor-stator assemblies a plurality of times, and/or using an intermittent exposure controller for achieving intermittent exposure of surfaces 25 to high temperature flows. In the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURE 10, turbine engine 70 has a plural (three as shown) stage compressor, or compression stage, 72 having rotors 74 and stators 75, a combustor, or combustion stage, 77, and a 30 plural (two as shown) turbine 79 having rotors 81 and stators 82, along with a center body 84, a combustion producer, or ignitor, 86, and a housing 88. A combustion inlet valve 90 is also shown, as a combustion outlet valve 92. 35 Combustion inlet valve 90 allows fluid flow from compressor 72 to combustor 77 when the compressor pressure exceeds that of the combustor, and prevents reverse flow from combustor 77 to compressor 72 when the pressure at SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCTIUS99/16305 15 the combustor exceeds that of the compressor, as occurs during combustion. This allows high usable pressures at the combustor and results in greater operating efficiency. Combustion outlet valve 92, where utilized, is 5 controlled to close immediately prior to ignition to constrain the fluid at the combustor to a near constant volume during combustion (in conjunction with closing of combustor inlet valve 90 to prevent back flow of fluid when the pressure at the combustor exceeds that of the 10 compressor). This allows a rise in temperature and pressure above that available using only the combustor inlet valve. Closing combustion outlet valve 92 prior to closure of inlet combustion valve 90 also provides acoustic enhancement of the combustion pressure. 15 In addition, or as an alternative, to valving, as indicated in FIGURE 10, one or more of the stator-rotor stator assemblies shown in FIGURE 10 can have a fluid flow path 94 configured to cause the fluid to pass through the rotor a plurality of times, as is indicated in FIGURES 11 20 and 12. As shown by the arrows in FIGURES 11 and 12, the fluid is caused to flow in a spiral in the circumferential direction around the axis of the engine (i.e., the fluid flow passes through the plane of the active stage a plurality of times encountering the same active stage a 25 plurality of times). As can be appreciated, each of the rotors could be fabricated as a single rotor with blades trapped between stator plates and still provide multiple stages of compression and power delivery. By intermittent exposure of surfaces to different 30 temperature flows to thus reduce the overall average temperature to which exposed surfaces are subjected and thus enable use of higher temperatures than would otherwise be possible with the same materials if subjected only to high temperatures, such as combustion chamber 35 outlet temperatures, the efficiency of a turbine engine can be enhanced. Intermittent exposure can be effected by using at least one of intermittent combustion, use of flow diversion by using flow exchange valves to intermittently SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 16 exchange passage of hot and cooler bypass temperatures through the engine, and mixed flow achieved by circumferential separation. Intermittent combustion can be achieved, as shown in 5 FIGURE 13, through use of a combustion producer 95, shown as a fuel injector 96 and an ignitor 97, in a turbine engine 70 such as shown in FIGURE 10 (with or without the valving as shown therein). Interruptions in ignition cause termination of combustion, and this results in 10 cooler working fluid flow. Flow diversion can also be achieved, as shown in FIGURE 14, through use of flow exchange valves to intermittently exchange the paths of the heat conductive flow and the cool bypass flow as they pass through the 15 engine. As shown in FIGURE 14, the hot and cooler flows are radially separated from one another through use of internal housing 99 (separating the combustion flow 101 from the cooler bypass flow 102) and flow exchange valves 104. 20 The flow exchange valves provide either straight through flow by maintaining the hot flow through the inner portion and the cooler flow through the outer portion of the exhaust turbine, or exchanged flow in which the hot combustion flow is through the outer portion of the 25 exhaust turbine and the cool flow is through the inner portion of the turbine. Intermittent operation of the exchange valves provides mixed flow through substantially all of the exhaust turbine and thereby provides that all of the 30 surfaces in the exhaust turbine operate at a low average temperature while allowing a very high temperature combustion. In this embodiment, the bypass section of the compressor is matched to the pressure at the outlet end of the combustion chamber, thereby providing very low 35 operating pressure differentials to the flow exchange valves. Mixed flow can also be achieved by circumferential separation of hot and cooler flows as indicated in FIGURE SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 17 15. As shown, radial walls 106 allow combustion flow 108 and cooler bypass flow 109 in parallel to one another along the same annular ring 111. Since the motion of the turbine blades is in the circumferential direction, the 5 blades pass from a high temperature flow to a cooling flow several times per revolution. Thus, the rota .ing elements of the turbine experience a low average temperature, even in the intermittent presence of very high temperature combustion. While this does not cool the stator elements, 10 the stators operate at lower stress levels and therefore are better able to withstand the high temperatures. As can be appreciated from the foregoing, this invention provides an improved turbine engine having enhanced efficiency and an improved method for providing 15 enhanced efficiency in a turbine engine.

Claims

1. An enhanced efficiency turbine engine, comprising: a unit having compression, combustion and expansion 5 stages and having a pressure difference existing during normal operation between said compression and combustion stages, said unit also including at least one stator having a plurality of chambers and an adjacent rotor; a combustion producer for causing combustion at said 10 combustion stage; a fluid flow path extending through said compression and combusLtion stages, said fluid flow path extending between said at least one stator and said adjacent rotor; and 15 said rotor having blades disposed in said fluid flow path for containing fluid between said blades and transferring fluid contained between said blades between said compression and combustion stages to thereby enable fluid to be maintained at near constant volume during 20 combustion.

2. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said pressure difference is maintained by at least one of configuration of said fluid flow path, impediment in said fluid flow path, and valving at said fluid flow path. 25

3. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said rotor is a flat rotor disk.

4. The turbine engine of claim 3 wherein said blades include first and second groups of blades positioned adjacent to one another on said flat rotor 30 disk.

5. The turbine engine of claim 3 wherein said at least one stator includes first and second stator disks positioned at opposite sides of said flat rotor disk.

6. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said unit 35 further includes a single stator-rotor-stator assembly having said compression, combustion, and expansion stages thereat. Wu UI/UDIUL r L1/U YlJY1JU 19

7. The turbine engine of claim 6 wherein said single stator-rotor-stator assembly includes a flat rotor disk.

8. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said 5 combustion producer includes a fuel inserter for inserting fuel at said combustion stage and an ignitor for igniting said fuel at said combustion stage.

9. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said fluid flow path establishes said fluid flow in a circumferential 10 direction through said unit.

10. The turbine engine of claim 1 wherein said fluid flow path is configured such that said fluid engages said rotor a plurality of times.

11. An enhanced efficiency turbine engine 15 comprising: a unit having compression, combustion and expansion stages with said unit also including a rotor and first and second stators; a combustion producer for causing combustion at said 20 combustion stage; and a fluid flow path extending through said compression and combustion stages, said fluid flow path configuration including a first portion extending through said first stator, a second portion extending through said second 25 stator, and third and fourth portions extending through said rotor with said fluid passing through said third portion of said fluid flow path being in the direction opposite to the direction of fluid passing through said fourth portion of said fluid flow path whereby said fluid 30 moving along said fluid flow path passes through said rotor a plurality of times for causing movement of said rotor due to fluid flow along said path, said compression and combustion stages having pressure established thereat during normal operation, with said pressure at said 35 combustion stage being substantially precluded from flowing to said compression stage during said combustion to thereby allow said pressure at said combustion stage to be elevated to a pressure greater than the pressure of SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 20 said fluid at said compression stage during said combustion.

12. In a turbine engine having compression, combustion and expansion stages and a combustion producer 5 for causing combustion at said combustion stage, an assembly comprising: first and second stators; a rotor positioned between said first and second stators, said rotor having first and second groups of 10 turbine blades with said first and second groups of turbine blades being positioned radially adjacent to one another on said rotor; a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; and a fluid flow path extending from said fluid inlet to 15 said fluid outlet through said first and secotid stators to said rotor with said fluid flow from said first and second stators passing through said rotor to thereby engage each group of said turbine blades a plurality of times.

13. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said first 20 group of turbine blades of said rotor is positioned radially cutwardly of said second group of turbine blades of said rctor, and wherein said fluid flow path includes first and second portions passing through different ones of said first and second stators and third and fourth 25 portions passing through said rotor, said third and fourth portions of said fluid flow path having different ones of said first and second groups of turbine blade-. therein whereby said rotor is rotated by fluid passing along said third and fourth portions of said path. 30

14. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said compression and combustion stages have pressure established therein during normal operation, and wherein said pressure at said combustion stage is substantially precluded from flowing to said compression stage by at 35 least one of fluid flow path configuration, turbine blades in said fluid flow path, and valving at said fluid flow path. wo uI/uoIU PCT/US99/16305 21

15. The assembly of claim 14 wherein said configuration of said fluid flow path includes a captured flow region between said compression stage and said combustion stage. 5

16. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said fluid flow path is constrained whereby fluid at said combustion stage is elevated in temperature and pressure such that said elevated pressure is above pressure at an outlet of said compression stage and such that said fluid is maintained 10 at near constant volume during said combustion.

17. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said fluid flow path extends in a spiral around the periphery of said first and second stators and said rotor whereby said fluid is passed in a circumferential direction in moving through 15 said fluid flow path.

18. The assembly of claim 12 wherein said turbine blades are positioned so as to be successively exposed to combustion temperatures, exhaust temperatures, and incoming fluid and thus exposed to a mixed flow whereby 20 said turbine blades are subjected to overall lower average flow temperatures.

19. In a turbine engine having at least compression, combustion and expansion stages and a combustion producer for causing combustion at said combustion stage, an 25 assembly comprising: first and second stator disks; a rotor disk positioned between said first and second stator disks, said rotor disk having turbine blades; a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; 30 a fluid flow path extending from said fluid inlet to said fluid outlet through said rotor disk and said first and second stator disks with said fluid flow passing through said rotor disk engaging said turbine blades a plurality of times; and 35 an adjustable spacing control connected with said first and second stator disks to enable adjustment of the operational spacing between said first and second stator disks. SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 22

20. The assembly of claim 19 wherein said adjustable spacing control includes a movable ring surrounding said stator and rotor disks and positioning said stator disks relative to one another. 5

21. The assembly of claim 19 wherein said adjustable spacing control is capable of adjusting the spacing between saLid stator disks during normal operation of said assembly.

22. The assembly of claim 17 wherein said adjustable 10 spacing control includes a gap control drive for adjusting the spacing between said stator disks.

23. A turbine engine comprising: a unit having compression, combustion, and expansion stages, and a rotor having fluid engaging surfaces 15 thereon; a combustion producer for causing combustion at said combustion stage; a fluid flow path extending through said compression, combustion, and expansion stages and having said fluid 20 engaging surfaces of said rotor in said path so that movement of said rotor is urged by said fluid passing along said fluid path engaging said fluid engaging surface of said rctor; and an intermittent exposure controller for controlling 25 exposure of said surfaces of said rotor to high temperatures by achieving a mixed fluid flow through said turbine engine.

24. The turbine engine of claim 23 wherein said controller causes said surfaces to be intermittently 30 exposed to different temperature flows by at least one of intermittent combustion, flow diversion, and novement of flow surfces.

25. The turbine engine of claim 24 wherein said flow diversion includes circumferential separation of said 35 different temperature flows.

26. A method for providing enhanced efficiency in a turbine engine having a compression stage and a combustion WO01/06102 PCT/US99/16305 23 stage receiving fluid from the compression stage, said method comprising; providing fluid flow through the compression and combustion stages of the turbine engine; 5 elevating the pressure of said fluid at the combustion stage to a pressure greater than the pressure of fluid at the compression stage; and preventing said pressure at the combustion stage from flowing back to the compression stage to thereby enable 10 use of higher pressures at the combustion stage.

27. The method of claim 26 wherein said method includes elevating the pressure at the combustion stage by causing combustion at the combustion stage, and maintaining said fluid at the combustion stage at near 15 constant volume during said combustion.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein said step of maintaining said fluid at said combustion stage at near constant volume during combustion includes at least one of providing a stator-rotor-stator assembly with said rotor 20 having turbine blades and capturing said fluid between said turbine blades, providing a captured flow region between the compression and combustion stages, and utilizing valving to control fluid flow.

29. The method of claim 27 wherein said step of 25 causing combustion at the combustion stage includes providing fuel at the combustion stage and igniting said fuel at said combustion stage.

30. The method of claim 26 wherein said turbine engine also includes an expansion stage, and wherein said 30 method includes providing a single stator-rotor-stator assembly having the compression, combustion, and expansion stages therein, and providing said fluid flow through said assembly.

31. The method of claim 30 wherein said method 35 includes providing a flat rotor disk in said single stator-rotor-stator assembly.

32. The method of claim 26 wherein said turbine engine also includes a turbine stage, and wherein said SUBSTITUTE SHEET (RULE 26) WO U1/UO1U2 Vt /UN9/103UtS 24 method includes providing a plurality of stator-rotor stator assemblies with said compression stage and said turbine stage having different ones of said stator-rotor stator assemblies thereat, and passing said fluid through 5 said combustion stage and said stator-rotor-stator assemblies at said compression stage and at said turbine stage.

33. The method of claim 26 wherein said method includes providing a rotor and passing said fluid through 10 said rotor a plurality of times to provide cyclic exposure of said rotor to different portions of the engine cycle for reducing the average temperature to which the rotor is subjected.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein said method 15 includes passing said fluid through said rotor in opposite directions.

35. The method of claim 26 wherein said method includes moving said fluid in a circumferential direction through said compression and combustion stages. 20

36. The method of claim 26 wherein said method includes providing intermittent exposure of engine components to different temperatures during operation.