AU1243988A - Apparatus for sequentially drying both sides of a paper web - Google Patents
Apparatus for sequentially drying both sides of a paper webInfo
- Publication number
- AU1243988A AU1243988A AU12439/88A AU1243988A AU1243988A AU 1243988 A AU1243988 A AU 1243988A AU 12439/88 A AU12439/88 A AU 12439/88A AU 1243988 A AU1243988 A AU 1243988A AU 1243988 A AU1243988 A AU 1243988A
- Authority
- AU
- Australia
- Prior art keywords
- web
- felt
- drying
- roller
- suction roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F5/00—Dryer section of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F5/02—Drying on cylinders
- D21F5/04—Drying on cylinders on two or more drying cylinders
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
Description
Apparatus For Sequentially Drying Both
Sides Of A Paper Web
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus for sequentially drying both sides of a paper web. More particularly, this invention relates to a BEL RUN type drying section in which a first drying section dries one side of the web and then a subsequent drying section dries the opposite side of the web.
INFORMATION DISCLOSURE STATEMENT In a conventional drying section of a BEL RUN type configuration, the single felt section may be made up of four groups of rollers. Typically, these groups include drying rollers and suction rollers which provide no open draw in their configuration because the paper web is always supported by a dryer felt. As the web progresses from one group of dryers to the next, the same side of the web is always presented to the successive drying rollers. However, in order to present the opposite side of the web to a successive drying roller, it has been necessary in the past to transfer an unsupported web to a subsequent dryer felt.
So-called single-felted dryer sections were subse¬ quently utilized in which a joint run of the web and felt
successively passed around upper and lower dryer drums in a sinusoidal configuration. Although this arrangement provided felt support for the web between successive upper and lower dryer drums, the lower dryer drums were virtually redundant in that the felt was sandwiched between the web and the drying roller thereby greatly reducing any drying of the web during passage around the lower drying rollers. Furthermore, such single felted sections still did not dry from both sides.
In the aforementioned BEL RUN configurations and single-felted dryers, problems exist in that only one side of the web is dried during passage of the web through the first few groups of dryers. Consequently, such arrangement results in differences in surface strength and properties. Additionally, the smoothness of the respective surfaces of the web differ which is a problem when sheet paper is required in which both sides of the sheet must have similar characteristics. Also, curl and non-uniform response to change in humidity have been problems with the aforementioned dryer sections.
The present invention seeks to overcome the afore¬ mentioned problems associated with the BEL RUN and other single-felted dryer section configurations by providing a web transfer section defined by a first and second felt such that the web is sandwiched between the felts during passage through the transfer section so that during movement of the web around a subsequent drying roller, the
opposite side of the web comes into physical contact with the heating surface of the subsequent drying roller.
Therefore, it is a primary object of the present invention to provide an apparatus that overcomes the aforementioned inadequacies of the prior art proposals and which makes a significant and non-obvious contribution to the paper drying art.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of an apparatus in which a first felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration past alternate drying and suction rollers and in which the second felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinu¬ soidal configuration past alternate drying and suction rollers such that the first plurality of drying rollers physically contacts the first side of the web and the second plurality of drying rollers physically contacts the second side of the web so that alternate sides of the web are sequentially dried.
Another object of the present invention is the provision of a method of sequentially drying alternate sides of the web which includes guiding a joint run of the web and a first felt around a first drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the first felt and the first drying roller for heating a first side of the web. The joint run is thereafter guided around a first suction roller such that the first felt is sandwiched between the web and the first suction roller. A second felt is guided
from a second guide roll around a second suction roller such that the first and second felt define therebetween a web transfer section so that the web, supported by the first felt, is guided into the web transfer section with the web being disposed between the first and second felts, drawing the web emerging from the web transfer section around the second suction roller such that the second felt is disposed between the web and the second suction roller and thereafter directing the joint run of the web and the second felt around a second drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the second felt and the second drying roller for heating a second side of the web.
Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art by a con¬ sideration of the detailed description taken in conjunc¬ tion with the annexed drawings and the appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for sequentially drying both sides of a paper web. The apparatus includes a first drying roller in which the web extends around a portion of the circumference of the first drying roller. The first felt extends around the portion of the first drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the first felt and the first drying roller for heating a first side of the web. A first suction roller is disposed downstream relative to the first drying roller with the first suction roller having an axis of rotation
disposed parallel and spaced relative to the rotational axis of the first drying roller. The first felt and the web extend around a portion of the circumference of the first suction roller such that the first felt is sand¬ wiched between the web and the first suction roller. A first guiding means guides the first felt away from the first suction roller and a second suction roller is disposed adjacent to the first suction roller with the second suction roller having an axis of rotation parallel and spaced relative to the axis of rotation of the first suction roller. A second felt extends around the second suction roller and a second guiding means guides the second felt towards the second suction roller such that the first and second felts define therebetween a web transfer section so that the web is sandwiched between the felts during passage through the transfer section. A second drying roller is disposed downstream relative to the second suction roller with the second drying roller having an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rota¬ tion of the second suction roller such that the web is sandwiched between the second felt and the second drying roller for heating a second side of the web.
In a more specific embodiment of the present in¬ vention, the first felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration past alternate first drying and suction rollers.
Furthermore, the second felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration past alternate second drying and suction rollers such that the first drying rollers physically contact the first side of the web and the second drying rollers physically contact the second side of the web so that alternate sides of the web are sequentially dried.
The first guiding means includes a first guide roll for guiding the first felt and the second guiding means includes a second guide roll for guiding the second felt.
The present invention also includes a method for sequentially drying alternate sides of a paper web wherein the method includes the steps of guiding a joint run of the web and a first felt around a first drying roller such that the web is' sandwiched between the first felt and the first drying roller for heating a first side of the web. Thereafter, the joint run of the web and first felt is guided around a first suction roller such that the first felt is sandwiched between the web and the first suction roller. The first felt is then guided around a first guide roll and a second felt is guided from a second guide roll around a second suction roller such that the first and second felts define therebetween a web transfer section so that the web supported by the first felt is guided into the web transfer section with the web being disposed between the first and second felts. The web emerging from the web transfer section is drawn around the
second suction roller such that the second felt is disposed between the web and the second suction roller.
Thereafter, the joint run is directed around a second drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the second felt and the second drying roller for heating a second side of the web.
Although the present invention is described with a certain degree of particularity in the detailed description contained hereinafter, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that many modifications and variations of the concept of the present invention can be carried out without departing the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side-elevational view of a prior art
BEL RUN type drying section showing the first four groups of drying rollers drying a first side of a paper web.
Figure 2 is a side-elevational view of a BEL RUN type drying configuration according to the present invention showing the means for transferring the web without open draw from a first to a second felt, and
Figure 3 is an enlarged side-elevational view of figure 2 particularly showing, in detail, the web transfer section enabling the opposite side of the web to come into physical contact with a subsequent group of drying rollers.
Similar reference characters refer to similar parts throughout the various figures of the drawings.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a side-elevational view of a conventional
BEL RUN type drying section including groups A,B,C and D for drying a web of paper 1. As shown in figure 1, the web 1 is guided in sinusoidal configuration around a plurality of drying rollers 2, 2' and 2" and suction transfer rollers 3, 3' and 3". A first felt 4 loops around a plurality of guide rolls 5, 5',5",5"' and 5"" and supports the web 1 as the web moves alternately past drying and suction rollers 3, 2, 3', 2', 3" and 2". A second group B of drying rollers 6, 6", and 6" have suction rollers 7, 7' and 7" disposed alternately therebetween such that a second felt 4' loops around the suction and drying rollers 7, 6, 7', 6', 7" and 6" in sinusoidal configuration. The web 1 is unsupported by the felt 4 as the web 1 supported by the drying roller 2" rotates adjacent to the second felt 41 so that the web 1 is transferred to the second felt 4" and around the suction roller 7. However, as seen in figure 1, the same side 8 of the web 1 is brought into contact with the heating surfaces of the drying rollers 2, 2', 2", 6, 6' and 6" so that the same side 8 is dried.
The present invention, as shown in figure 2, enables the web 1A to be reversed from a first section Al to a second section Bl so that during passage of the web 1A through the first section Al, a first side 8A of the web
1A comes into physical contact with the drying rollers
2A, 2A' and 2A" . In the second group, Bl, a second side
9 of the web 1A comes into physical contact with the heating surface of drying rollers 6A, 6A' and 6A" .
Figure 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary view of the transfer section shown in figure 2 to show how the web 1A is reversed. More particularly, with reference to figure
3 r the apparatus generally designated 10 for sequentially drying both sides 8A and 9 of a paper web 1A includes a first drying roller with the web extending around a portion of the circumference of the first drying roller
2A". A first felt 4A extends around a portion of the first drying roller 2Aπ such that the web 1A is sandwiched between the first felt 4A and the first drying roller 2A" for heating a first side 8A of the web 1A. A first suction roller 3Aπ ' i≤ disposed do-wnstrea relative to the first drying roller 2A". The first suction roller 3A"' has an axis of rotation which is disposed parallel and spaced relative to the rotational axis of the first drying roller 2A". The first felt 4A and the web 1A extend around a portion of the circumference of the first suction roller 3A" ' such that the first felt 4A is sandwiched between the web 1A and the first suction roller
3Aπ ' . First guiding means 5A, as shown in figure 2, guide the first felt 4A away from the first suction roller
3A"!. A second suction roller 7A is disposed adjacent to the first suction roller 3A"' , the second suction roller
7A having an axis of rotation parallel and spaced relative to the axis of rotation of the first suction roller 3A" ' .
A second felt 4A' extends around the second suction roller
7A and a second guiding means 12 shown in figure 2 guides the second felt 4A1 towards the second suction roller 7A such that the first and second felts 4A and 4A1 respectively define therebetween a web transfer section generally designated 14 so that the web 1A is sandwiched between the felts 4A and 4A' during passage through the transfer section 14. A second drying roller 6A is disposed downstream relative to the second suction roller
7A with the second drying roller 6A having an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of the second suction roller 7A such that the web 1A is sandwiched between the second felt 4A1 and the second drying roller
6A for heating the second, side 9 of the web 1A.
As shown in figure 2, the first felt 4A is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration past alternate drying and suction rollers 3A, 2A, 3A', 2A1
3A", 2A" and 3A" ' such that the drying rollers physically contact the first side 8A of the web 1A and the second plurality of drying rollers 6A, 6A' and 6A" physically contact the second side 9 of the web 1A so that alternate sides of the web 1A are sequentially dried.
More specifically, the first guiding means includes a first guide roll 5A for guiding the first felt 4A and the
second guiding means includes the second guide roll 12 for guiding the second felt 4A1.
In operation of the present invention, alternate sides 8A and 9-of the paper web 1A are sequentially dried by the following process steps:
1. The joint run of the web 1A and the first felt 4A are guided around the first drying roller 2A" as shown in figure 3 such that the web 1A is sandwiched between the first felt 4A and the first drying roller 2A" for heating the first side 8A of the web 1A.
2. Thereafter, the joint run of the web 1A and the first felt 4A are guided around a first suction roller 3Aπ ' such that the first felt 4A is sandwiched between the web 1A and the first suction roller 3A" * .
3. The first felt 4A is guided around a first guide roll 5A and a second felt 4A' is guided from a second guide roll 12 around a second suction roll 7A such that the first and second felts 4A and 4A' respectively define therebetween a web transfer section 14 so that the web 1A supported by the first felt 4A is guided into the web transfer section 14 with the web 1A being disposed between the first and second felts 4A and 4A' respectively.
4. The web 1A emerging from the web transfer section 14 is drawn around the second suction roller 7A such that the second felt 4A' is disposed between the web 1A and the second suction roller 7A.
5. Thereafter, the joint run of the web 1A and second felt 4A* is directed around a second drying roller
6A such that the web 1A is sandwiched between the second felt 4A' and the second drying roller 6A for heating the second side 9 of the web 1A.
The present invention provides a simple means for positively transferring the web between successive groups of dryers in a BEL RUN configuration such that alternate sides of the web may be dried thereby providing a paper product having uniform surface characteristics, surface strength and smoothness, and no tendency to curl.
In the first dryer group, the suction rollers are disposed below the drying rollers whereas in the second group of dryers, the suction rollers are disposed above the drying rollers. This configuration enables the provision of the aforementioned simple web transfer section such that the web may be transferred from the first to the second felt.
Claims (5)
1. An apparatus for sequentially drying both sides of a paper web, said apparatus comprising: a first drying roller, the web extending around a portion of the circumference of said first drying roller; a first felt extending around said portion of said first roller such that the web is sandwiched between said first felt and said first drying roller for heating a first side of the web; a first suction roller disposed downstream relative to said first drying roller, said first suction roller having an axis of rotation disposed parallel and spaced relative to the rotational axis of said first drying roller; said first felt and the web extending around a portion of the circumference of said first suction roller such that said first felt is sandwiched between the web and said first suction roller; first guiding means for guiding said first felt away from said first suction roller; a second suction roller disposed adjacent to said first suction roller, said second suction roller having an axis of rotation parallel and spaced relative to said axis of rotation of said first suction roller; a second felt extending around said second suction roller; second guiding means for guiding said second felt toward said second suction roller such that said first and second felts define therebetween a web transfer section so that the web is sandwiched between said felts during passage through said transfer section; and a second drying roller disposed downstream relative to said second suction roller, said second drying roller having an axis of rotation parallel to the axis of rotation of said "second suction roller such that the web is sandwiched between said second felt and said second drying roller for heating a second side of the web.
2. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration past alternate drying and suction rollers.
3. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said •first felt is a continuous loop which extends in sinusoidal configuration alternately past a first plurality of drying and suction rollers such that said drying rollers of said first plurality of rollers physically contact said first side of the web and a second plurality of drying rollers physically contacts said second side of the web so that alternate sides of the web are sequentially dried.
4. An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 wherein said first guiding means includes: a first guide roll for guiding said first felt; said second guiding means including; a second guide roll for guiding said second felt.
5. A method of sequentially drying alternate sides of a paper web, said method including the steps of: guiding a joint run of the web and a first felt around a first drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the first felt and the first drying roller for heating a first side of the web; thereafter, guiding the joint run of the web and first felt around a first suction roller such . that the first felt is sandwiched between the web and the first suction roller; guiding the first felt around a first guide roll; guiding a second felt from a second guide roll around a second suction roller such that the first and second felts define therebetween a web transfer section so that the web supported by the first felt is guided into the web transfer section with the web being disposed between the first and second felts; drawing the web emerging from the web transfer section around the second suction roller such that the second felt is disposed between the web and the second suction roller; and thereafter, directing the joint run of the web and second felt around a second drying roller such that the web is sandwiched between the second felt and the second drying roller for heating a second side of the web.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP1986185019U JPS6389996U (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1986-12-02 | |
| JP61-185019 | 1986-12-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| AU1243988A true AU1243988A (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| AU612349B2 AU612349B2 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
Family
ID=16163349
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU12439/88A Expired AU612349B2 (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1987-11-12 | Apparatus for sequentially drying both sides of a paper web |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0334899B2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6389996U (en) |
| KR (1) | KR940005201B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1013598B (en) |
| AR (1) | AR246571A1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE70868T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU612349B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8707946A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1340582C (en) |
| DE (3) | DE334899T1 (en) |
| FI (2) | FI892657A0 (en) |
| IN (1) | IN168979B (en) |
| PH (1) | PH30381A (en) |
| PL (1) | PL158253B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1988004206A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA879009B (en) |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5101577A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1992-04-07 | Beloit Corporation | Web transfer apparatus |
| US5404653A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1995-04-11 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for drying a web |
| US5241760A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1993-09-07 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Dryer apparatus |
| US4918836A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1990-04-24 | Beloit Corporation | Tail cutter apparatus and method |
| US5144758A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1992-09-08 | Borgeir Skaugen | Apparatus for drying a web |
| US5279049A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1994-01-18 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Process for the restrained drying of a paper web |
| US4807371A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1989-02-28 | Beloit Corporation | Apparatus for maintaining the edges of a web in conformity with a dryer felt |
| CA1328167C (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1994-04-05 | Borgeir Skaugen | Apparatus for drying a web |
| US4934067A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1990-06-19 | Beloit Corporation | Apparatus for drying a web |
| DE3721734A1 (en) * | 1987-07-01 | 1989-01-12 | Voith Gmbh J M | METHOD FOR DRYING A RUNNING TRAIN AND PAPER OR CARDBOARD MACHINE FOR CARRYING OUT THE METHOD |
| FI82097C (en) * | 1989-02-17 | 1991-01-10 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Multi-cylinder dryer in a paper machine |
| JPH0791798B2 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1995-10-04 | 敷島紡績株式会社 | Papermaking dryer felt |
| US5184408A (en) * | 1990-01-19 | 1993-02-09 | J. M. Voith Gmbh | Dryer section |
| JP2558375B2 (en) * | 1990-05-30 | 1996-11-27 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | Method of detecting paper break in paper making dryer and dryer canvas used therefor |
| DE4142524A1 (en) * | 1991-12-21 | 1993-06-24 | Voith Gmbh J M | DRY LOT |
| US5321899A (en) * | 1992-04-13 | 1994-06-21 | J. M. Voith Gmbh | Dry end |
| US5542193A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1996-08-06 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Dryer group for curl control |
| US5884415A (en) * | 1992-04-24 | 1999-03-23 | Beloit Technologies, Inc. | Paper making machine providing curl control |
| DE19934777A1 (en) * | 1999-07-23 | 2001-01-25 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Dryer section producing or finishing paper, card or tissue web includes detachment region without support, which is provided further away by drying sieve |
| CN110172854A (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2019-08-27 | 夏德亮 | A kind of papermaking dryer based on air-flow transformation |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2537129A (en) * | 1945-10-05 | 1951-01-09 | Beloit Iron Works | Structure for web transfers |
| FI53333C (en) † | 1972-11-13 | 1978-04-10 | Valmet Oy | TORKNINGSCYLINDERGRUPP I EN FLERCYLINDERTORK FOER EN MATERIALBANA I SYNNERHET FOER PAPPER |
| US4359827B1 (en) † | 1979-11-05 | 1994-03-29 | Keith V Thomas | High speed paper drying |
| US4934067A (en) * | 1987-02-13 | 1990-06-19 | Beloit Corporation | Apparatus for drying a web |
| DE3807858A1 (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-09-21 | Voith Gmbh J M | Process for drying a material web and apparatus for carrying out this process |
| DE3807856A1 (en) * | 1988-03-10 | 1989-09-21 | Voith Gmbh J M | METHOD FOR DRYING A MATERIAL RAIL AND DEVICE FOR CARRYING OUT THIS METHOD |
-
1986
- 1986-12-02 JP JP1986185019U patent/JPS6389996U/ja active Pending
-
1987
- 1987-11-12 KR KR1019880700915A patent/KR940005201B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-12 DE DE198888901398T patent/DE334899T1/en active Pending
- 1987-11-12 EP EP88901398A patent/EP0334899B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-12 DE DE8717870U patent/DE8717870U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-12 WO PCT/US1987/003087 patent/WO1988004206A2/en active Application Filing
- 1987-11-12 BR BR8707946A patent/BR8707946A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-12 AT AT88901398T patent/ATE70868T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1987-11-12 DE DE8888901398T patent/DE3775567D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1987-11-12 AU AU12439/88A patent/AU612349B2/en not_active Expired
- 1987-11-30 CA CA000553056A patent/CA1340582C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1987-12-01 ZA ZA879009A patent/ZA879009B/en unknown
- 1987-12-01 PH PH36148A patent/PH30381A/en unknown
- 1987-12-01 IN IN940/CAL/87A patent/IN168979B/en unknown
- 1987-12-02 PL PL1987269182A patent/PL158253B1/en unknown
- 1987-12-02 CN CN87107232A patent/CN1013598B/en not_active Expired
- 1987-12-21 AR AR87309466A patent/AR246571A1/en active
-
1989
- 1989-06-01 FI FI892657A patent/FI892657A0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1996
- 1996-01-25 FI FI960348A patent/FI960348A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1988004206A3 (en) | 1988-06-30 |
| FI960348A0 (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| ZA879009B (en) | 1988-09-28 |
| WO1988004206A2 (en) | 1988-06-16 |
| JPS6389996U (en) | 1988-06-10 |
| EP0334899B1 (en) | 1991-12-27 |
| FI960348A (en) | 1996-01-25 |
| KR890700180A (en) | 1989-03-10 |
| KR940005201B1 (en) | 1994-06-13 |
| ATE70868T1 (en) | 1992-01-15 |
| IN168979B (en) | 1991-08-03 |
| DE334899T1 (en) | 1990-07-26 |
| DE8717870U1 (en) | 1991-03-28 |
| BR8707946A (en) | 1990-02-13 |
| PL158253B1 (en) | 1992-08-31 |
| PH30381A (en) | 1997-04-15 |
| EP0334899B2 (en) | 1999-08-25 |
| PL269182A1 (en) | 1988-08-18 |
| AR246571A1 (en) | 1994-08-31 |
| AU612349B2 (en) | 1991-07-11 |
| CN87107232A (en) | 1988-07-06 |
| FI892657A (en) | 1989-06-01 |
| CN1013598B (en) | 1991-08-21 |
| EP0334899A1 (en) | 1989-10-04 |
| CA1340582C (en) | 1999-06-08 |
| FI892657A0 (en) | 1989-06-01 |
| DE3775567D1 (en) | 1992-02-06 |
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