ATE274198T1 - Orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristallmaterial - Google Patents

Orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristallmaterial

Info

Publication number
ATE274198T1
ATE274198T1 AT99956284T AT99956284T ATE274198T1 AT E274198 T1 ATE274198 T1 AT E274198T1 AT 99956284 T AT99956284 T AT 99956284T AT 99956284 T AT99956284 T AT 99956284T AT E274198 T1 ATE274198 T1 AT E274198T1
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
crystal material
layer
orientation layer
thick
Prior art date
Application number
AT99956284T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jurg Fuenfschilling
Martin Stalder
Martin Schadt
Original Assignee
Rolic Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB9827540.7A external-priority patent/GB9827540D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB9828283.3A external-priority patent/GB9828283D0/en
Application filed by Rolic Ag filed Critical Rolic Ag
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ATE274198T1 publication Critical patent/ATE274198T1/de

Links

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133711Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/13378Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
    • G02F1/133788Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
    • G02F1/1412Antiferroelectric liquid crystals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02FOPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/137Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
    • G02F1/139Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
    • G02F1/141Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals
    • G02F1/1418Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent using ferroelectric liquid crystals using smectic liquid crystals, e.g. based on the electroclinic effect

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal Substances (AREA)
AT99956284T 1998-12-15 1999-12-06 Orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristallmaterial ATE274198T1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB9827540.7A GB9827540D0 (en) 1998-12-15 1998-12-15 Orientation layer for liquid crystal material
GBGB9828283.3A GB9828283D0 (en) 1998-12-22 1998-12-22 Orientation layer for liquid crystal material
PCT/IB1999/001938 WO2000036463A1 (en) 1998-12-15 1999-12-06 Orientation layer for a liquid crystal material

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ATE274198T1 true ATE274198T1 (de) 2004-09-15

Family

ID=26314836

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT99956284T ATE274198T1 (de) 1998-12-15 1999-12-06 Orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristallmaterial

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US6597422B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1147452B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4678952B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100706157B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1207614C (de)
AT (1) ATE274198T1 (de)
AU (1) AU1291700A (de)
DE (1) DE69919585T2 (de)
HK (1) HK1037238A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000036463A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1203980A1 (de) 2000-11-03 2002-05-08 Rolic AG Schaltbarer Farbfilter
US7113241B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2006-09-26 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Liquid crystal display and method of manufacturing the same
US8698117B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2014-04-15 Transitions Optical, Inc. Indeno-fused ring compounds
US7632540B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2009-12-15 Transitions Optical, Inc. Alignment facilities for optical dyes
US7256921B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2007-08-14 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same
US8545984B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-10-01 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
US8518546B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-08-27 Transitions Optical, Inc. Photochromic compounds and compositions
US8582192B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-11-12 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing photochromic articles
US9096014B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2015-08-04 Transitions Optical, Inc. Oriented polymeric sheets exhibiting dichroism and articles containing the same
US7978391B2 (en) * 2004-05-17 2011-07-12 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing, photochromic devices and methods of making the same
US8211338B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2012-07-03 Transitions Optical, Inc Photochromic compounds
US8545015B2 (en) 2003-07-01 2013-10-01 Transitions Optical, Inc. Polarizing photochromic articles
US8089678B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2012-01-03 Transitions Optical, Inc Clear to circular polarizing photochromic devices and methods of making the same
US7342112B2 (en) * 2003-07-01 2008-03-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Photochromic compounds
JP2005091480A (ja) * 2003-09-12 2005-04-07 Nitto Denko Corp 異方性フィルムの製造方法
CN100351677C (zh) * 2004-01-08 2007-11-28 电子科技大学 含纳米聚合物网络的液晶显示器
US7097303B2 (en) * 2004-01-14 2006-08-29 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Polarizing devices and methods of making the same
JP2005258429A (ja) * 2004-02-10 2005-09-22 Dainippon Printing Co Ltd 液晶表示素子
CN101364012B (zh) 2004-02-10 2010-09-22 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶显示元件
JP4862281B2 (ja) * 2005-05-19 2012-01-25 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子
US7911562B2 (en) * 2005-05-19 2011-03-22 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and process for producing the same
JP4839959B2 (ja) * 2005-05-19 2011-12-21 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子
JP4509856B2 (ja) * 2005-05-19 2010-07-21 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子および液晶表示素子の製造方法
US7892449B2 (en) 2005-05-19 2011-02-22 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. Liquid crystal display and manufacturing method of same
KR101021696B1 (ko) 2005-05-19 2011-03-15 다이니폰 인사츠 가부시키가이샤 액정 표시 소자
JP4992198B2 (ja) * 2005-05-19 2012-08-08 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子および液晶表示素子の製造方法
US7919153B2 (en) 2006-03-03 2011-04-05 Fujifilm Corporation Laminated structure, process of producing a liquid crystal cell substrate using the same, liquid crystal cell substrate, and liquid crystal display device
TWI344032B (en) * 2006-09-07 2011-06-21 Taiwan Tft Lcd Ass Liquid crystal display panel and method of fabricating the liquid crystal display panel
JP4862870B2 (ja) * 2008-09-12 2012-01-25 大日本印刷株式会社 液晶表示素子および液晶表示素子の製造方法
EP2416211B1 (de) 2009-03-30 2013-12-11 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Flüssigkristallanzeigeanordnung, prozess zur herstellung einer flüssigkristallanzeigeanordnung, zusammensetzung zur bildung einer polymerschicht und zusammensetzung zur bildung einer flüssigkristallschicht
JP5580548B2 (ja) * 2009-04-27 2014-08-27 Dic株式会社 液晶配向膜の製造方法、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子
TWI403808B (zh) 2009-10-27 2013-08-01 Taiwan Tft Lcd Ass 液晶顯示面板的製造方法
TWI574994B (zh) 2010-10-14 2017-03-21 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystal display device
TWI545372B (zh) 2010-10-14 2016-08-11 Merck Patent Gmbh Liquid crystal display device
TWI425281B (zh) * 2010-12-31 2014-02-01 Au Optronics Corp 聚合物穩定配向型液晶顯示面板的製造方法
KR101867348B1 (ko) * 2011-05-31 2018-06-15 디아이씨 가부시끼가이샤 계피산 유도체 및 그 중합체, 및 그 경화물로 이루어지는 액정 배향층
JP2014527202A (ja) * 2011-08-31 2014-10-09 エルジー・ケム・リミテッド 液晶セル
CN102650759B (zh) * 2012-01-06 2014-11-05 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种液晶面板及其制造方法
JP5674876B2 (ja) * 2013-07-29 2015-02-25 Dic株式会社 液晶配向膜の製造方法、液晶配向膜、液晶表示素子
US10866455B2 (en) 2017-10-19 2020-12-15 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Display devices including photochromic-dichroic compounds and dichroic compounds

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE59304824D1 (de) * 1992-04-17 1997-01-30 Hoechst Ag Maleinimid copolymer als orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristalldisplays
JP2794369B2 (ja) * 1992-12-11 1998-09-03 キヤノン株式会社 液晶素子
SG50569A1 (en) * 1993-02-17 2001-02-20 Rolic Ag Optical component
JPH06242451A (ja) * 1993-02-19 1994-09-02 Canon Inc 液晶素子
EP0756193B1 (de) * 1995-07-28 2016-02-17 Rolic AG Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Kippwinkeln in photoorientierten Polymernetzwerkschichten
KR100474780B1 (ko) * 1997-02-07 2005-08-04 후지 샤신 필름 가부시기가이샤 광학보상시이트,그의제조방법및액정디스플레이
JPH10253994A (ja) * 1997-03-14 1998-09-25 Toshiba Corp 液晶表示装置
JP2000155318A (ja) * 1998-09-18 2000-06-06 Fujitsu Ltd 液晶表示装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1147452B1 (de) 2004-08-18
JP2002532755A (ja) 2002-10-02
DE69919585D1 (de) 2004-09-23
CN1330777A (zh) 2002-01-09
DE69919585T2 (de) 2005-08-11
HK1037238A1 (en) 2002-02-01
EP1147452A1 (de) 2001-10-24
JP4678952B2 (ja) 2011-04-27
KR100706157B1 (ko) 2007-04-11
WO2000036463A1 (en) 2000-06-22
AU1291700A (en) 2000-07-03
US6597422B1 (en) 2003-07-22
CN1207614C (zh) 2005-06-22
KR20020015018A (ko) 2002-02-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ATE274198T1 (de) Orientierungsschicht für flüssigkristallmaterial
WO2003021339A3 (en) Liquid crystal switching mechanism
EP1331510A4 (de) Ausrichtmittel für flüssigkristalle zum schalten in der ebene, flüssigkristallausrichtfilm und flüssigkristallanzeigeelement
BR0011888A (pt) Processo para formar um dispositivo eletrônico, dispositivo eletrônico, circuito lógico, visor de matriz ativa, e, transistor de polímero
DE60201213D1 (de) Polymerisierbares Flüssigkristallmaterial
DE69206308T2 (de) Flüssigkristallkomposition, Dataanzeigenvorrichtung zu deren Verwendung.
HK1042890A1 (en) Polymerizable compound, polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing the same, and optically anisotropic medium made from the composition.
AU2001271318A1 (en) Cholesteric liquid crystal polarizing device
DE60009086D1 (de) Flüssigkristallines medium
AU694481B2 (en) Web-shaped member and connection device between two web-shaped members
AU2001278573A1 (en) Liquid crystal device
AU2001238551A1 (en) High contrast liquid crystal device
GB2364050B (en) Phenylacetylene compound liquid crystal composition and liquid crystal element produced with the same
DE69705625T2 (de) Fluorovinylderivat-verbindung, flüssigkristallzusammensetzung und flüssigkristallanzeigevorrichtung
DE60034869D1 (de) Bistabile nematische Flüssigkristallvorrichtung
AU2001259135A1 (en) Liquid crystal display including o-type and e-type polarizer
TW200502637A (en) Liquid crystal display device having form birefringent compensator
GB0202907D0 (en) Compound having phenylacetylene structure,liquid crystal composition,polymer,optically anisotropic product,optical or liquid crystal element,dibenzothiophene
DE69204855D1 (de) Ferroelektrische Flüssigkristallzusammensetzung sowie Flüssigkristallvorrichtung zu deren Verwendung.
DE69706277T2 (de) Flüssigkristalline polymer zusammensetzungen
EP1148373A3 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Regeln der Polarisation eines Lichtstrahles
AU2003288118A1 (en) Liquid crystal composition for use in bistable liquid crystal devices
AU2002343217A1 (en) Polarizing plate, production method thereof and liquid crystal display using the same
DE59708840D1 (de) Flächengebilde mit cholesterisch, flüssigkristalliner ordnungsstruktur
EP1130453A3 (de) Vorrichtung zur Regelung der Polarisation

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
RER Ceased as to paragraph 5 lit. 3 law introducing patent treaties