AT228283B - Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations - Google Patents

Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations

Info

Publication number
AT228283B
AT228283B AT97061A AT97061A AT228283B AT 228283 B AT228283 B AT 228283B AT 97061 A AT97061 A AT 97061A AT 97061 A AT97061 A AT 97061A AT 228283 B AT228283 B AT 228283B
Authority
AT
Austria
Prior art keywords
transducer
capsule
sound field
transistor amplifier
handsets
Prior art date
Application number
AT97061A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Bernhard Dipl Ing Weingartner
Original Assignee
Akg Akustische Kino Geraete
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Akg Akustische Kino Geraete filed Critical Akg Akustische Kino Geraete
Priority to AT97061A priority Critical patent/AT228283B/en
Priority to AT90762A priority patent/AT234171B/en
Priority to DEA39378A priority patent/DE1186108B/en
Priority to US194265A priority patent/US3201516A/en
Priority to GB18588/62A priority patent/GB961369A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of AT228283B publication Critical patent/AT228283B/en

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04RLOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/34Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means
    • H04R1/38Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by using a single transducer with sound reflecting, diffracting, directing or guiding means in which sound waves act upon both sides of a diaphragm and incorporating acoustic phase-shifting means, e.g. pressure-gradient microphone
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S181/00Acoustics
    • Y10S181/40Wave coupling

Description

       

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  In eine Kapsel eingebauter elektroakustischer Wandler mit einem   Transistorverstärker,   insbesondere für Handapparate von Fernsprechstationen 
Die Erfindung betrifft einen in eine Kapsel eingebauten elektroakustischen Wandler mit einem Tran-   sistorverstärker,'insbesondere   für Handapparate von Fernsprechstationen, wobei der meist nach dem elektrodynamischen Prinzip ausgebildete Wandler in Miniaturausführung etwa im Mittelpunkt einer in- nerhalb der Kapsel sitzenden kreisförmigen Scheibe angeordnet ist, die als Montageplatte, gegebenen- falls auch als Schaltplatte, für einen Transistorverstärker dient. 



   Diese unter dem Namen "Transistormikrophon" bekanntgewordene Einrichtung besitzt die gleichen   äusseren   Abmessungen wie die bisher verwendeten Kohlemikrophone, so dass ein unmittelbarer Austausch möglich ist. Neben den den Transistormikrophonen eigenen Vorteilen, wie Verzerrungsfreiheit, grosse Lebensdauer usw., besitzen sie aber auch einen gewichtigen Nachteil gegenüber dem Kohlemikrophon, nämlich ihre grosse Empfindlichkeit gegenüber Störgeräuschen. Das Kohlemikrophon weist demgegenüber bekanntlich eine Art Reizschwelle auf, so dass akustische Signale (Schallwellen), deren Pegel einen gewissen Schwellenwert unterschreitet, vom Mikrophon nicht mehr aufgenommen werden.

   Dies hat zur Folge, dass Störgeräusche, deren Schalldruckpegel im allgemeinen wesentlich niedriger ist als der Nutzpegel, nicht mehr übertragen werden, da der Schwingungsmechanismus eine gewissermassen selbsttätige Störaustauschtastung bewirkt. 



   Bei den üblichen dynamischen oder magnetischen Wandlersystemen ist dies hingegen nicht der Fall und sie übertragen daher, insbesondere wenn sie eine allseitig gleiche Empfindlichkeit aufweisen, auch sehr schwache   Stoor- un   Nebengeräusche, wodurch die Verständlichkeit der zu übertragenden Information ungünstig beeinflusst wird. 



   Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, die Nachteile dieser bekannten Transistormikrophone unter Berücksichtigung der universellen Einbaumöglichkeit in den üblichen Fernsprechhandapparat zu beseitigen. Dies geschieht erfindungsgemäss dadurch, dass der   Wandler, insbesondere elektrodynamische Wand-   ler, als störschallkompensierter Gradientenempfänger ausgebildet ist, der im ebenen Schallfeld (Störschallfeld) eine nach den tiefen Frequenzen abfallende, im Kugelschallfeld (Nutzschallfeld) jedoch annähernd lineare Abhängigkeit der Empfindlichkeit von der Frequenz aufweist. 



   Ein geeigneter Wandler mit diesen Eigenschaften ist der an sich bekannte, auf die Schallschnelle ansprechende Empfänger, dessen Resonanzfrequenz in der Mitte des Übertragungsbereiches liegt und bei dem die Membranbewegungen durch eine überwiegende Reibungshemmung bestimmt wird. Man erhält dann im ebenen Schallfeld eine proportional mit der Frequenz ansteigende, auf die Membran wirkende Kraft, solange wenigstens, als die Abmessungen der Membrane kleiner als die Wellenlänge der höchsten zu übertragenden Frequenz sind. Praktisch ergibt sich im ebenen Schallfeld, wie es das Störschallfeld infolge seiner verhältnismässig grossen Entfernung vom Schallempfänger darstellt, unterhalb einer durch den Schallumweg fixierten Grenzfrequenz ein mit 6 db/Oktave abfallender Frequenzgang der Empfindlichkeit. 



   Bei Besprechung eines solchen Mikrophons aus der Nähe, also in einem Kugelschallfeld, in dem die Schallenergie mit dem Quadrat des Abstandes von der Schallquelle abnimmt, überwiegt der Antrieb der Membrane durch den direkten Schall. Der damit verbundene Anstieg der Druckdifferenz nach den tiefen 

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 Frequenzen hin bewirkt eine Linearisierung des Frequenzganges der Kapsel, welcher Effekt durch die als Schallwand dienende Schaltplatte für den Transistorverstärker wesentlich verbessert wird.



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  Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations
The invention relates to an electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, in particular for handsets in telephone stations, the transducer, which is usually designed according to the electrodynamic principle, is arranged in miniature approximately in the center of a circular disk located inside the capsule, which serves as a mounting plate, possibly also as a circuit board, for a transistor amplifier.



   This device, known under the name "transistor microphone", has the same external dimensions as the carbon microphones previously used, so that an immediate exchange is possible. In addition to the advantages inherent in transistor microphones, such as freedom from distortion, long service life, etc., they also have a major disadvantage compared to carbon microphones, namely their great sensitivity to interference. In contrast, the carbon microphone is known to have a kind of stimulus threshold so that acoustic signals (sound waves) whose level falls below a certain threshold value are no longer picked up by the microphone.

   As a result, interfering noises, the sound pressure level of which is generally much lower than the useful level, are no longer transmitted, since the oscillation mechanism causes, to a certain extent, automatic interfering exchange control.



   With the usual dynamic or magnetic transducer systems, however, this is not the case and they therefore also transmit very weak interference and background noises, especially if they have the same sensitivity on all sides, which has an adverse effect on the intelligibility of the information to be transmitted.



   The aim of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of these known transistor microphones, taking into account the possibility of universal installation in the usual telephone handset. According to the invention, this is done in that the transducer, in particular electrodynamic transducer, is designed as an interference noise-compensated gradient receiver which, in the flat sound field (interference sound field), has a dependence of the sensitivity on the frequency that decreases towards the low frequencies, but in the spherical sound field (useful sound field) it is approximately linear .



   A suitable transducer with these properties is the receiver, known per se, which responds to the speed of sound, whose resonance frequency is in the middle of the transmission range and in which the membrane movements are determined by a predominant friction inhibition. A force acting on the membrane is then obtained in the flat sound field, which increases proportionally with the frequency, as long as at least the dimensions of the membrane are smaller than the wavelength of the highest frequency to be transmitted. In practice, in the plane sound field, as represented by the interfering sound field due to its relatively large distance from the sound receiver, below a cutoff frequency fixed by the sound detour, there is a frequency response of the sensitivity that drops by 6 db / octave.



   When discussing such a microphone at close range, i.e. in a spherical sound field in which the sound energy decreases with the square of the distance from the sound source, the diaphragm is driven by the direct sound. The associated increase in the pressure difference after the deep

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 Frequencies causes a linearization of the frequency response of the capsule, which effect is significantly improved by the circuit board serving as a baffle for the transistor amplifier.


    

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH : In eine Kapsel eingebauter elektroakustischer Wandler mit einem Transistorverstärker, insbesondere für Handapparate von Fernsprechstationen, wobei der Wandler, insbesondere ein elektrodynamischer' Wandler in Miniaturausfuhrung, wenigstens angenähert im Mittelpunkt einer innerhalb der Kapsel sitzenden kreisförmigen Scheibe angeordnet ist, die als Montageplatte, gegebenenfalls auch als Schaltplatte für den Transistorverstärker dient, dessen Teile um den Wandler herum montiert sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet. PATENT CLAIM: In a capsule built-in electroacoustic transducer with a transistor amplifier, especially for handsets of telephone stations, the transducer, in particular an electrodynamic 'transducer in miniature design, is arranged at least approximately in the center of a circular disk seated inside the capsule, which serves as a mounting plate, possibly also as a circuit board serves for the transistor amplifier, the parts of which are mounted around the converter, characterized. dass der Wandler, insbesondere elektrodynamische Wandler, als störschallkompensierter Gradientenempfänger ausgebildet ist, der im ebenen Schallfeld (Störschallfeld) eine nach den tiefen Frequenzen abfallende, im Kugelschallfeld (Nutzschallfeld) jedoch annähernd lineare Abhängigkeit der Empfindlichkeit von der Frequenz aufweist. that the transducer, in particular electrodynamic transducer, is designed as an interference noise-compensated gradient receiver, which in the flat sound field (interference sound field) has a dependence of the sensitivity on the frequency that decreases towards the low frequencies, but in the spherical sound field (useful sound field) it is approximately linear.
AT97061A 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations AT228283B (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97061A AT228283B (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations
AT90762A AT234171B (en) 1961-02-06 1962-02-03 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule
DEA39378A DE1186108B (en) 1961-02-06 1962-02-05 Directional microphone built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, especially for handsets in telephone stations
US194265A US3201516A (en) 1961-02-06 1962-05-14 Capsule-enclosed electro-acoustic transducer and transistor amplifier
GB18588/62A GB961369A (en) 1961-02-06 1962-05-15 Improvements in electro-acoustic transducer which is incorporated in a capsule and comprises a transistor amplifier particularly for telephone handsets

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT97061A AT228283B (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
AT228283B true AT228283B (en) 1963-07-10

Family

ID=3503981

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT97061A AT228283B (en) 1961-02-06 1961-02-06 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule with a transistor amplifier, particularly for handsets in telephone stations
AT90762A AT234171B (en) 1961-02-06 1962-02-03 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
AT90762A AT234171B (en) 1961-02-06 1962-02-03 Electroacoustic transducer built into a capsule

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3201516A (en)
AT (2) AT228283B (en)
DE (1) DE1186108B (en)
GB (1) GB961369A (en)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4401859A (en) * 1981-05-29 1983-08-30 Electro-Voice, Incorporated Directional microphone with high frequency selective acoustic lens
US4633045A (en) * 1985-02-13 1986-12-30 Crown International, Inc. Differential microphone
US4625828A (en) * 1985-09-09 1986-12-02 The Boeing Company Acoustic reflector for ground plane microphone
US20060147712A1 (en) * 2003-07-09 2006-07-06 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based adhesive electrode and methods of making same
US7791860B2 (en) * 2003-07-09 2010-09-07 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Particle based electrodes and methods of making same
US7352558B2 (en) 2003-07-09 2008-04-01 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry particle based capacitor and methods of making same
US20110165318A9 (en) * 2004-04-02 2011-07-07 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrode formation by lamination of particles onto a current collector
US20070122698A1 (en) 2004-04-02 2007-05-31 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Dry-particle based adhesive and dry film and methods of making same
US7920371B2 (en) * 2003-09-12 2011-04-05 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Electrical energy storage devices with separator between electrodes and methods for fabricating the devices
JP4145769B2 (en) 2003-10-20 2008-09-03 本田技研工業株式会社 Forced open / close valve gear
US7090946B2 (en) * 2004-02-19 2006-08-15 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Composite electrode and method for fabricating same
US7440258B2 (en) * 2005-03-14 2008-10-21 Maxwell Technologies, Inc. Thermal interconnects for coupling energy storage devices
DE102013221752A1 (en) 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 Kaetel Systems Gmbh EARPHONES AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN EARPHOR
GB2527784A (en) * 2014-07-01 2016-01-06 Audiogravity Holdings Ltd Wind noise reduction apparatus
US11785375B2 (en) * 2021-06-15 2023-10-10 Quiet, Inc. Precisely controlled microphone acoustic attenuator with protective microphone enclosure

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE912821C (en) * 1935-11-13 1954-06-03 Siemens Ag Facility for voice transmission from noisy rooms
US2299620A (en) * 1938-08-19 1942-10-20 Associated Electric Lab Inc Acoustic apparatus
US2228886A (en) * 1938-10-31 1941-01-14 Rca Corp Electroacoustical apparatus
US2463762A (en) * 1941-11-14 1949-03-08 Automatic Elect Lab Electroacoustical transducer
US2870255A (en) * 1954-01-11 1959-01-20 Remler Company Ltd Microphone assembly
DE1014595B (en) * 1955-02-15 1957-08-29 Lab Wennebostel Directional microphone
AT190988B (en) * 1956-02-09 1957-07-25 Henry Radio Heinrich & Co Moving coil microphone
US3048659A (en) * 1959-03-30 1962-08-07 Motorola Inc Microphone preamplifier

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AT234171B (en) 1964-06-25
GB961369A (en) 1964-06-17
US3201516A (en) 1965-08-17
DE1186108B (en) 1965-01-28

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