AR038135A1 - Regeneracion de catalizador - Google Patents
Regeneracion de catalizadorInfo
- Publication number
- AR038135A1 AR038135A1 ARP030100092A ARP030100092A AR038135A1 AR 038135 A1 AR038135 A1 AR 038135A1 AR P030100092 A ARP030100092 A AR P030100092A AR P030100092 A ARP030100092 A AR P030100092A AR 038135 A1 AR038135 A1 AR 038135A1
- Authority
- AR
- Argentina
- Prior art keywords
- reactor
- carried out
- catalysts
- steps
- hydrocarbon content
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract 7
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 abstract 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 abstract 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/96—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the noble metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/90—Regeneration or reactivation
- B01J23/94—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts comprising metals, oxides or hydroxides of the iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/10—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst using elemental hydrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/04—Gas or vapour treating; Treating by using liquids vaporisable upon contacting spent catalyst
- B01J38/12—Treating with free oxygen-containing gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/50—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended using organic liquids
- B01J38/56—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J38/48—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended
- B01J38/68—Liquid treating or treating in liquid phase, e.g. dissolved or suspended including substantial dissolution or chemical precipitation of a catalyst component in the ultimate reconstitution of the catalyst
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C1/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon
- C07C1/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon
- C07C1/04—Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon from oxides of a carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C07C1/0425—Catalysts; their physical properties
- C07C1/045—Regeneration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/332—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the iron-group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
- C10G2/33—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G2/331—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals
- C10G2/333—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts characterised by the catalyst used containing group VIII-metals of the platinum-group
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J38/00—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general
- B01J2038/005—Regeneration or reactivation of catalysts, in general involving supercritical treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/75—Cobalt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2523/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00
- C07C2523/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group C07C2521/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- C07C2523/74—Iron group metals
- C07C2523/75—Cobalt
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/584—Recycling of catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
Se provee un proceso para regenerar la actividad de catalizadores de metal usados para la hidrogenación de monóxido de carbono que comprende disminuir el contenido de hidrocarburos del mismo, calcinar bajo una atmósfera que contiene oxidante, impregnar con una solución de por lo menos uno de un compuesto metálico, calcinar bajo una atmósfera que contiene oxidante y activar contactando con un gas que contiene hidrógeno a temperaturas elevadas para formar un catalizador activo. El proceso regenera y mejora tanto catalizadores soportados como los catalizadores de metales activos dispersados (DAM). Los catalizadores usados mejorados mediante el proceso son inicialmente tratados para disminuir su contenido de hidrocarburos. El tratamiento puede llevarse a cabo en un único reactor, o llevando a cabo hasta la totalidad de los pasos después que el catalizador pueda ser extraído de un reactor y retornado a por lo menos un reactor, preferentemente durante la operación del mismo. Pueden efectuarse hasta la totalidad de los pasos en un reactor posterior, o en aparatos especializados.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/059,926 US6800579B2 (en) | 2002-01-29 | 2002-01-29 | Catalyst regeneration |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
AR038135A1 true AR038135A1 (es) | 2004-12-29 |
Family
ID=27609922
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ARP030100092A AR038135A1 (es) | 2002-01-29 | 2003-01-14 | Regeneracion de catalizador |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6800579B2 (es) |
EP (1) | EP1472001B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP4660093B2 (es) |
CN (1) | CN1750876B (es) |
AR (1) | AR038135A1 (es) |
AT (1) | ATE453449T1 (es) |
AU (1) | AU2003202874B2 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2470945C (es) |
DE (1) | DE60330752D1 (es) |
TW (1) | TWI266649B (es) |
WO (1) | WO2003064034A2 (es) |
ZA (1) | ZA200404715B (es) |
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AR037036A1 (es) * | 2001-10-25 | 2004-10-20 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Un proceso para obtener un catalizador fischer-tropsch soportado |
US7256149B2 (en) * | 2004-02-24 | 2007-08-14 | Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.P. | Catalyst regeneration process |
US7524787B2 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2009-04-28 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary Limited) | Producing supported cobalt catalysts for the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis |
DK1934383T5 (da) * | 2005-10-13 | 2013-03-04 | Velocys Inc | Strømløs plettering i mikrokanaler |
US7378452B2 (en) * | 2005-12-28 | 2008-05-27 | Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company | Filtration system for slurry hydrocarbon synthesis process using both small and large pore filter elements |
US7825055B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2010-11-02 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Regeneration of ionic liquid catalyst using a regeneration metal in the presence of added hydrogen |
JP4650354B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-28 | 2011-03-16 | 住友化学株式会社 | 不飽和アルデヒド及び/又は不飽和カルボン酸製造用触媒の再生方法、並びに不飽和アルデヒド及び/又は不飽和カルボン酸の製造方法 |
US8809215B2 (en) * | 2007-05-11 | 2014-08-19 | Sasol Technology (Proprietary) Limited | Catalysts |
JP5169047B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-23 | 2013-03-27 | 住友化学株式会社 | 塩素の製造方法 |
US8614158B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2013-12-24 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Fischer-trospch and oxygenate synthesis catalyst activation/regeneration in a micro scale process |
FR2930733B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-30 | 2014-04-11 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Masse active d'oxydo-reduction et procede de combustion en boucle chimique. |
US8293805B2 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2012-10-23 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Tracking feedstock production with micro scale gas-to-liquid units |
US20100160146A1 (en) * | 2008-12-18 | 2010-06-24 | Gerrit Leendert Bezemer | Process for regenerating a catalyst |
CN106423303A (zh) * | 2008-12-23 | 2017-02-22 | Res美国有限责任公司 | 费‑托工艺中的催化剂活化 |
WO2011080073A2 (en) * | 2009-12-16 | 2011-07-07 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Process for regenerating a catalyst |
CN101797501A (zh) * | 2010-04-26 | 2010-08-11 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 聚锰硅盐及其制备方法和其在水处理中的应用 |
CN101791535B (zh) * | 2010-04-28 | 2012-03-21 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 聚硅酸锰盐掺杂二氧化锰吸附剂的制备方法 |
CN102309966B (zh) * | 2010-07-07 | 2013-06-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种钴基费托合成催化剂的制备方法 |
FR2970187B1 (fr) * | 2011-01-11 | 2013-02-08 | Eurecat Sa | Procede de regeneration hors site de catalyseurs solides. |
EP2688669B1 (en) * | 2011-03-19 | 2023-09-27 | Quanta Technologies, LLC | Process to improve formulations of hydrocarbon conversion catalysts through removal and modification of detrimental particles and reuse of modified fractions |
JP5635445B2 (ja) * | 2011-04-08 | 2014-12-03 | 三井化学株式会社 | 開環メタセシス重合体水素添加物の製造方法 |
MX346507B (es) * | 2011-10-14 | 2017-03-23 | Honeywell Int Inc | Proceso para producir 2,3,3,3,-tetrafluoropropeno. |
CN103182329B (zh) * | 2011-12-29 | 2016-03-23 | 神华集团有限责任公司 | 一种煤液化油加氢失活催化剂的再生和复活方法 |
WO2013126210A1 (en) | 2012-02-20 | 2013-08-29 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Reconstituted dehydrogenation catalyst showing slowed activity loss when compared with fresh catalyst |
CN103816923B (zh) * | 2012-11-16 | 2016-01-20 | 万华化学集团股份有限公司 | 一种钌加氢催化剂再生的方法 |
CN103599796B (zh) * | 2013-11-06 | 2016-10-05 | 太仓市方亮精细合金厂 | 一种合金粉催化剂的再生方法 |
PE20171029A1 (es) | 2014-11-20 | 2017-07-17 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Sintesis de fischer-tropsch |
CN105214740A (zh) * | 2015-09-30 | 2016-01-06 | 广西大学 | 内部汽化膨胀法再生改性fcc废触媒及其应用 |
EP3239282B1 (en) * | 2016-04-27 | 2018-08-29 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Method of manual dishwashing |
CN106866429B (zh) * | 2017-04-10 | 2019-03-15 | 上海迅凯新材料科技有限公司 | 连续化催化氢化生产及催化剂再生装置及方法 |
US10434506B1 (en) | 2018-12-18 | 2019-10-08 | Emerging Fuels Technology, Inc. | Method for activation or regeneration of a catalyst |
CN111378510B (zh) * | 2018-12-28 | 2021-05-04 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种利用生物质制备合成气的方法和*** |
CN112563526A (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 荆门市格林美新材料有限公司 | 一种氢氧燃料电池阳极催化剂的再生方法 |
CN110841647B (zh) * | 2019-12-04 | 2021-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | 一种回收利用废旧骨架镍催化剂的方法 |
CN111686824A (zh) * | 2020-06-11 | 2020-09-22 | 中科合成油内蒙古有限公司 | 一种固定床费托合成钌基催化剂的原位再生方法 |
CN113634290A (zh) * | 2021-08-11 | 2021-11-12 | 兖矿榆林精细化工有限公司 | 一种煤液化催化剂的再生方法 |
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-
2002
- 2002-01-29 US US10/059,926 patent/US6800579B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2003
- 2003-01-03 WO PCT/US2003/000150 patent/WO2003064034A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-01-03 AU AU2003202874A patent/AU2003202874B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2003-01-03 CN CN038029332A patent/CN1750876B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-03 TW TW092100107A patent/TWI266649B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-03 CA CA2470945A patent/CA2470945C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-03 AT AT03701986T patent/ATE453449T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-01-03 DE DE60330752T patent/DE60330752D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-03 JP JP2003563715A patent/JP4660093B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-01-03 EP EP03701986A patent/EP1472001B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-14 AR ARP030100092A patent/AR038135A1/es unknown
-
2004
- 2004-06-14 ZA ZA200404715A patent/ZA200404715B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1750876A (zh) | 2006-03-22 |
TW200302132A (en) | 2003-08-01 |
TWI266649B (en) | 2006-11-21 |
ATE453449T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
EP1472001B1 (en) | 2009-12-30 |
WO2003064034A2 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
US20030144366A1 (en) | 2003-07-31 |
EP1472001A2 (en) | 2004-11-03 |
JP4660093B2 (ja) | 2011-03-30 |
WO2003064034A3 (en) | 2003-11-27 |
US6800579B2 (en) | 2004-10-05 |
CN1750876B (zh) | 2011-05-04 |
JP2005516055A (ja) | 2005-06-02 |
CA2470945C (en) | 2011-03-15 |
DE60330752D1 (de) | 2010-02-11 |
ZA200404715B (en) | 2006-02-22 |
AU2003202874B2 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
CA2470945A1 (en) | 2003-08-07 |
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