WO2025055228A1

WO2025055228A1 - Dual-protection energy storage cabinet and prevention and control method therefor

Info

Publication number: WO2025055228A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/072021
Authority: WO
Inventors: 赵荣; 王磊; 梁辅雄
Original assignee: 湖南西来客储能装置管理***有限公司
Priority date: 2023-09-12
Filing date: 2024-01-12
Publication date: 2025-03-20
Also published as: CN116914339B; CN116914339A

Abstract

A dual-protection energy storage cabinet and a prevention and control method therefor. The dual-protection energy storage cabinet comprises a cabinet body (1), an energy storage module, and a dual-protection module, wherein the energy storage module and the dual-protection module are arranged in the cabinet body (1). The energy storage module comprises a plurality of battery modules (2), the battery modules (2) are sequentially arranged in the cabinet body (1) from top to bottom, and at least one column of battery modules (2) are arranged in the cabinet body (1). The dual-protection module comprises a water tank (4), a high-temperature resistant assembly (5), and fire-proof and explosion-proof assemblies (6), wherein the high-temperature resistant assembly (5) comprises a high-temperature resistant pipe (51), a heat exchange member (52), and air exhaust fans (53), and the high-temperature resistant pipe (51) is connected to the heat exchange member (52) and the water tank (4) and a liquid circulation pipeline is formed; and each battery module (2) is provided with a fire-proof and explosion-proof assembly (6).

Description

一种双防储能柜及其防控方法A double-defense energy storage cabinet and its prevention and control method

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及储能柜的日常安全防护相关技术领域，特别是涉及一种双防储能柜及其防控方法。The present invention relates to the technical field related to daily safety protection of energy storage cabinets, and in particular to a double-protection energy storage cabinet and a prevention and control method thereof.

背景技术Background Art

近年来，我国储能产业的发展速度越来越快，不仅在大电网的发电侧、输配电侧和负荷侧起着削峰填谷、改善电能质量等重要作用，而且在用户侧微电网的分布式能源中的应用也越来越广泛，电网储能日益成为我国能源消费的重要环节，储能市场需求巨大。而锂离子电池具有高能量密度、循环寿命长、环境友好、自放电小等优点而被广泛应用于储能电站，消费电子和新能源汽车等领域。尤其在储能设备中，作为电池的首选。In recent years, the development speed of my country's energy storage industry has been getting faster and faster. It not only plays an important role in the power generation side, transmission and distribution side and load side of the large power grid in terms of peak shaving and valley filling, and improving power quality, but also has been widely used in the distributed energy of microgrids on the user side. Grid energy storage has become an important part of my country's energy consumption, and the energy storage market has huge demand. Lithium-ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density, long cycle life, environmental friendliness, and low self-discharge, and are widely used in energy storage power stations, consumer electronics, and new energy vehicles. Especially in energy storage equipment, it is the first choice of battery.

储能***中锂离子电池的消防安全一直是研究热点。锂离子电池，一方面，因其具有能量密度高、快速充放电产热量大等特点，存在很大的火灾风险和危害性，是发生火灾的主要危险源;另一方面，锂离子电池在火灾特性、消防设施的运用和管理方面都有自身的特点，与一般传统的仓库的火灾危险性不同。The fire safety of lithium-ion batteries in energy storage systems has always been a hot topic of research. On the one hand, lithium-ion batteries have high energy density, rapid charge and discharge, and generate large amounts of heat, which poses a great risk of fire and is the main source of fire hazards. On the other hand, lithium-ion batteries have their own characteristics in terms of fire characteristics, the use and management of fire-fighting facilities, which are different from the fire hazards of traditional warehouses.

锂离子通过正负极移动帮助锂离子电池完成充电、放电工作，其属于当前充电电池中性能较高品类。而锂离子电池与“锂电池”存在较大区别，“锂电池”将二氧化锰、亚硫酰氯作为正极材料，负极以锂配平，不需充电即储有电能作为电池组装完成后的特点，因电池内部短路多是由于充放电循环所形成的锂结晶形成的，通常情况下锂离子电池禁止充电，所以在消防管控上，并不能将锂离子电池与“锂电池”相提并论。锂离子电池充、放电循环作为功能过程中，其在运动中会在内部产生极为复杂的化学反应。而负极表面SEI膜具有热稳定特定，受温度限定影响达到临界点会发生热分解现象。而负极裸露多是因SEI膜造成的，其裸露面与电解液直接接触所产生的还原反应不仅剧烈还伴随可燃气体与热大量释放。当电芯温度达到190℃左右时多是由于SEI膜分解释放的热造成的，而这也是正极分解的主要原因。原子态氧在正极分解中被快速释放，高活性的原子态氧是导致电解液直接剧烈氧化分解的根源，进而导致电芯在短时间内积聚大量的热。潜在热副反应是指在温度或充电电压过高时因热量积聚使得电芯温度与压力快速上升，进而发生热失控。正极热分解量大于负极，而电芯热稳定性受不同正极材料影响，所展现的情况存在较大差异。Lithium ions move through the positive and negative electrodes to help lithium-ion batteries complete charging and discharging. They belong to the category of high-performance rechargeable batteries. However, there is a big difference between lithium-ion batteries and "lithium batteries". "Lithium batteries" use manganese dioxide and thionyl chloride as positive electrode materials, and lithium is used to balance the negative electrode. They store electrical energy without charging as a feature of the battery assembly. Because the internal short circuit of the battery is mostly caused by lithium crystals formed by the charge and discharge cycle, lithium-ion batteries are usually prohibited from charging. Therefore, in terms of fire control, lithium-ion batteries cannot be compared with "lithium batteries". During the function of the lithium-ion battery charge and discharge cycle, it will produce extremely complex chemical reactions inside during movement. The SEI film on the surface of the negative electrode has thermal stability characteristics, and thermal decomposition will occur when it reaches the critical point due to the temperature limit. The exposure of the negative electrode is mostly caused by the SEI film. The reduction reaction generated by the direct contact between the exposed surface and the electrolyte is not only violent, but also accompanied by the release of a large amount of combustible gas and heat. When the temperature of the battery cell reaches about 190°C, it is mostly caused by the heat released by the decomposition of the SEI film, which is also the main reason for the decomposition of the positive electrode. Atomic oxygen is released rapidly during the decomposition of the positive electrode. Highly active atomic oxygen is the source of the direct and violent oxidation decomposition of the electrolyte, which in turn causes a large amount of heat to accumulate in the battery cell in a short period of time. Potential thermal side reactions refer to the rapid rise in battery cell temperature and pressure due to heat accumulation when the temperature or charging voltage is too high, leading to thermal runaway. The amount of thermal decomposition of the positive electrode is greater than that of the negative electrode, and the thermal stability of the battery cell is affected by different positive electrode materials, and the situations presented vary greatly.

电池的使用，如遇掉落、挤压、撞击、过充过放导致内部的枝晶与电池生产过程中的杂质灰尘等，将恶化生成刺穿隔膜，产生微短路，电能量的释放导致温升，升温带来的电池材料化学反应又扩大了短路路径，形成了更大的短路电流，这种互相累积、互相增强的破坏，导致热失控。而外部短路因在人为操作不当而产生，由于外部短路造成电池放电电流过大，易使电芯发热，而高温则会使电芯内部的隔膜损坏，造成内部短路，因而燃烧***。通常，锂离子电池出现热失控的95%源自电池的内部短路，而内短路时间进程快且时间短，往往会在50秒左右快速导致热失控，而热失控后会继而导致锂离子电池快速燃烧。锂离子电池的燃烧特性与众不同，其中燃烧激烈、热蔓延迅速、活泼金属发生猛烈反应生成产物作为基础特性，在燃烧加剧的条件下火势迅速蔓延。而在剧烈燃烧后所产生的烟尘与毒性极具危险性，致使锂离子电池在燃烧会释放大量有毒有害气体、粉尘颗粒，严重危害人体。不仅如此，难以控制的火势极易引发***，扑灭复燃可能性极大，扑救难度校大。而因锂离子电池引发的火灾应用常规物理方式仅能扑灭，无法通过关隔绝氧气与切断燃烧链的形式达到预期目标，而未能有效抑制火灾所引发的复燃问题。因而，锂离子电池引发的火灾灭火的难度远高于其他火灾性。During the use of batteries, if they are dropped, squeezed, hit, overcharged or over-discharged, the internal dendrites and impurities and dust in the battery production process will deteriorate and pierce the diaphragm, resulting in micro-short circuits. The release of electrical energy leads to temperature rise, and the chemical reaction of the battery materials caused by the temperature rise expands the short-circuit path, forming a larger short-circuit current. This kind of mutual accumulation and mutual reinforcement damage leads to thermal runaway. External short circuits are caused by improper human operation. The battery discharge current is too large due to the external short circuit, which can easily cause the battery cell to heat up. The high temperature will damage the diaphragm inside the battery cell, causing an internal short circuit, which will cause combustion and explosion. Usually, 95% of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries comes from the internal short circuit of the battery. The internal short circuit progresses quickly and is short in time. It often leads to thermal runaway in about 50 seconds, and thermal runaway will cause the lithium-ion battery to burn quickly. The combustion characteristics of lithium-ion batteries are unique. Among them, fierce combustion, rapid heat spread, and violent reactions of active metals to generate products are the basic characteristics. Under the condition of intensified combustion, the fire spreads rapidly. The smoke and toxicity produced after the intense combustion are extremely dangerous, causing lithium-ion batteries to release a large amount of toxic and harmful gases and dust particles during combustion, which seriously endangers the human body. Not only that, the uncontrollable fire is very likely to cause an explosion, and the possibility of re-ignition is very high, making it difficult to extinguish. Fires caused by lithium-ion batteries can only be extinguished by conventional physical methods, and it is impossible to achieve the desired goal by isolating oxygen and cutting off the combustion chain, and it fails to effectively suppress the re-ignition problem caused by the fire. Therefore, it is much more difficult to extinguish fires caused by lithium-ion batteries than other fires.

集成式储能柜主要包括电池柜、储能双向变流器以及控制***、后台监控管理***等。储能柜的核心组成部分为电池柜，其子单元为电池模块。锂离子电池虽然拥有优良的性能，但其处于过热、过充、短路等滥用条件下，电池内部会因热量积聚而发生热失控，进而引起火灾***事故。由于能量密度和空间的限制，储能柜一般排布相对紧密，且无工作人员对集装箱内的工作状态进行实时监控。因此，如果电池柜内电池发生热失控引发火灾后没有及时进行灭火降温，则火灾极易在电池模块间、电池柜间甚至是储能集装箱之间传播蔓延，从而造成大规模的火灾***事故，对人员和财产安全造成了极大的威胁。因此，发展适用于储能柜火灾的消防应对策略对保障储能***的安全运行具有重大意义。The integrated energy storage cabinet mainly includes a battery cabinet, a bidirectional converter for energy storage, a control system, a background monitoring and management system, etc. The core component of the energy storage cabinet is the battery cabinet, and its subunit is the battery module. Although lithium-ion batteries have excellent performance, when they are in abuse conditions such as overheating, overcharging, and short circuit, thermal runaway will occur inside the battery due to heat accumulation, which will cause fire and explosion accidents. Due to the limitations of energy density and space, energy storage cabinets are generally arranged relatively tightly, and there is no staff to monitor the working status in the container in real time. Therefore, if the battery in the battery cabinet has thermal runaway and causes a fire, and the fire is not extinguished and cooled in time, the fire can easily spread between battery modules, battery cabinets, and even between energy storage containers, causing large-scale fire and explosion accidents, posing a great threat to the safety of personnel and property. Therefore, the development of fire response strategies suitable for energy storage cabinet fires is of great significance to ensure the safe operation of energy storage systems.

目前，国内外对锂离子电池储能柜火灾防控技术研究尚处于初始阶段，虽然很多机构进行了相关研究，但使用的都是单一的传统灭火剂及灭火***设计方式，针对电池热失控火灾后其表面温度不低于900°C的情况，都不能同时实现快速扑灭明火及后期快速降温及长期抑制的火灾防控要求，达到理想的火灾防控效果，具体分析如下:At present, the research on fire prevention and control technology of lithium-ion battery energy storage cabinets at home and abroad is still in the initial stage. Although many institutions have conducted relevant research, they all use a single traditional fire extinguishing agent and fire extinguishing system design method. In the case of a battery thermal runaway fire with a surface temperature of not less than 900°C, they cannot simultaneously achieve the fire prevention and control requirements of rapid extinguishing of open flames and rapid cooling and long-term suppression in the later stage, and achieve the ideal fire prevention and control effect. The specific analysis is as follows:

（1）卤代烷(七氟丙烷等)、全氟己酮等化学气体灭火设备(1) Chemical gas fire extinguishing equipment such as halogenated hydrocarbons (heptafluoropropane, etc.) and perfluorohexanone

应用方式主要是管网式灭火***及柜式灭火装置，通过感温、感烟或气体探测器进行火灾报警，接收到报警信号后启动装置进行灭火，其灭火机理是切断燃烧链，并无冷却和降温的效果，扑灭明火30min后降温不超过50°C，易复燃。The main application methods are pipe network fire extinguishing systems and cabinet fire extinguishing devices, which use temperature, smoke or gas detectors to send out fire alarms. After receiving the alarm signal, the device is started to extinguish the fire. Its fire extinguishing mechanism is to cut off the combustion chain, and it has no cooling or temperature reduction effect. The temperature will not drop by more than 50°C after extinguishing the open flame for 30 minutes, and it is easy to reignite.

（2）惰性气体灭火设备(2) Inert gas fire extinguishing equipment

应用方式主要是管网式灭火***，通过感温、感烟或气体探测器进行火灾报警，接收到报警信号后启动装置进行灭火，但主要有以下不足：在灭火方面，气体灭火***启动时会向防护区喷放大量灭火气体，引起防护区空气压力瞬间升高；在应用方面，火灾燃烧产生的热量也会使室内空气压力有所升高，喷放时火势越大，时间越长，空气压力升离值就越大，因此防护区围护结构应考虑承受内压的允许压强、泄压口与自动泄压阀；在设备方面，由于惰性气体灭火剂灭火浓度高，故在储能电站的防火设计中，设计用量大，占地面积广，且工作压力高(最高达到23.2MPa)，有发生安全隐患的风险；在冷却降温方面，高压气体的喷放降温效果很小，扑灭明火30min后降温不超过100°C，易复燃。The main application mode is the pipe network fire extinguishing system, which uses temperature, smoke or gas detectors to alarm fires, and starts the device to extinguish fires after receiving the alarm signal. However, it has the following shortcomings: In terms of fire extinguishing, when the gas fire extinguishing system is started, a large amount of fire extinguishing gas will be sprayed into the protection area, causing the air pressure in the protection area to rise instantly; in terms of application, the heat generated by the fire will also increase the indoor air pressure. The bigger the fire and the longer the time, the greater the air pressure rise value. Therefore, the enclosure structure of the protection area should consider the allowable pressure, pressure relief port and automatic pressure relief valve to withstand the internal pressure; in terms of equipment, due to the high concentration of inert gas fire extinguishing agent, the design dosage is large in the fire protection design of the energy storage power station, the area is large, and the working pressure is high (up to 23.2MPa), which has the risk of safety hazards; in terms of cooling, the cooling effect of the high-pressure gas spray is very small. After extinguishing the open fire for 30 minutes, the temperature does not exceed 100°C, which is easy to re-ignite.

（3）干粉灭火设备(3) Dry powder fire extinguishing equipment

应用方式主要是管网式灭火***及悬挂式灭火装置，通过感温、感烟或气体探测器进行火灾报警，接收到报警信号后启动装置进行灭火，但由于干粉流通性能较差，所以在储能电站设计时不仅需要预留一定空间用于药剂的流通，而且由于干粉灭火剂无冷却降温作用，导致火灾扑灭后极易复燃，导致大规模的火灾失控。不仅没有降温效果，还会自体产热，加速储能电站温度的升高，导致火势进一步增大，效果非常不理想。 The main application methods are pipe network fire extinguishing systems and suspended fire extinguishing devices. Fire alarms are performed through temperature, smoke or gas detectors. After receiving the alarm signal, the device is activated to extinguish the fire. However, due to the poor circulation performance of dry powder, it is necessary to reserve a certain space for the circulation of the agent when designing the energy storage power station. In addition, since the dry powder fire extinguishing agent has no cooling effect, it is very easy to reignite after the fire is extinguished, resulting in large-scale fire out of control. Not only does it have no cooling effect, it will also generate heat by itself, accelerating the temperature increase of the energy storage power station, causing the fire to further increase, and the effect is very unsatisfactory.

（4）气溶胶灭火设备(4) Aerosol fire extinguishing equipment

应用方式主要是柜式灭火装置，靠产生化学气体烟雾进行灭火，灭火效率低，而且不仅没有降温效果，还会自体产热，加速储能电站温度的升高，导致火势进一步增大，效果非常不理想。The main application method is cabinet-type fire extinguishing devices, which rely on the generation of chemical gas smoke to extinguish fires. The fire extinguishing efficiency is low, and not only does it have no cooling effect, it will also generate heat by itself, accelerating the increase in temperature of the energy storage power station, causing the fire to further increase, and the effect is very unsatisfactory.

（5）水喷淋灭火设备(5) Water sprinkler fire extinguishing equipment

水喷淋***技术非常成熟，且灭火后降温效果均较为理想，适用于由多个集装箱组合而成的储能***，但其不足也很明显。在灭火介质方面，由于采用水作为灭火介质，其导电的特性在扑灭火灾后，将导致储能电站内的电池短路损坏，从而无法使用;在用量方面，若要扑灭明火并保持后期抑制，需要大量的水，其用量可能成倍于被保护对象的体积；在占地方面，由于用量较大，须在储能电站就近修建消防水池，占地面积较大。The water sprinkler system technology is very mature, and the cooling effect after extinguishing the fire is relatively ideal. It is suitable for energy storage systems composed of multiple containers, but its shortcomings are also obvious. In terms of fire extinguishing medium, since water is used as the fire extinguishing medium, its conductive properties will cause the batteries in the energy storage power station to short-circuit and be damaged after the fire is extinguished, making them unusable; in terms of usage, if you want to extinguish the open fire and maintain the later suppression, a large amount of water is required, and the amount may be multiples of the volume of the protected object; in terms of land occupation, due to the large amount of usage, a fire water pool must be built near the energy storage power station, which occupies a large area.

（6）细水雾灭火设备(6) Water mist fire extinguishing equipment

应用方式主要是管网式灭火***，其灭火机理是大量吸热及隔绝空气实现灭火，易用于无遮挡的局部灭火。在储能柜中各个电池单体布置较紧密，且空间狭小，细水雾喷放后无法达到起火点，会倍隔板或各种障碍遮挡住，无法实现其降温隔绝的效果，无法有效扑灭火灾及降温抑制。The main application method is the pipe network fire extinguishing system, whose fire extinguishing mechanism is to absorb a large amount of heat and isolate the air to achieve fire extinguishing, and it is easy to be used for local fire extinguishing without shielding. In the energy storage cabinet, the battery cells are arranged closely and the space is small. After the fine water mist is sprayed, it cannot reach the fire point and will be blocked by partitions or various obstacles. It cannot achieve its cooling and isolation effect, and cannot effectively extinguish the fire and reduce the temperature.

（7）泡沫灭火设备(7) Foam fire extinguishing equipment

应用方式主要是管网式灭火***，其灭火机理隔绝可燃物与助燃物洋气，实现灭火，适用于由多个集装箱组合而成的储能***。虽然可对于初期火灾进行控制，但由于无降温作用，电池温度持续升高发生热失控后，可自发产生氧气、氢气等可燃和助燃气体，无法实现有效隔绝，最终导致泡沫失效，无法有效扑灭火灾和后期抑制。The main application method is the pipe network fire extinguishing system, which isolates the combustibles and the combustion-supporting gases to achieve fire extinguishing. It is suitable for energy storage systems composed of multiple containers. Although it can control the initial fire, due to the lack of cooling effect, the battery temperature continues to rise and thermal runaway occurs, which can spontaneously produce combustible and combustion-supporting gases such as oxygen and hydrogen, and cannot achieve effective isolation, which ultimately leads to the failure of the foam, and the inability to effectively extinguish the fire and suppress it in the later stage.

CN104882639A公开了一种抑制和阻止锂离子电池热失控方法及装置，通过使用液态惰性气体按照一定的喷淋量、喷淋方式和喷淋时问来对故障锂离子电池组进行灭火和制冷。但喷淋温度设罝在60~140°C,在电池组温度偏高时就采取强制制冷措施，这属于过度保护，会给电池组造成不可道转的损失。同时部分种类的液态惰性气体由于成本及存储条件等因素的限制,完全不具有实用性。CN104882639A discloses a method and device for inhibiting and preventing thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, which uses liquid inert gas to extinguish and cool faulty lithium-ion battery packs according to a certain spraying amount, spraying method and spraying time. However, the spraying temperature is set at 60-140°C, and forced cooling measures are taken when the battery pack temperature is too high, which is overprotection and will cause irreversible losses to the battery pack. At the same time, some types of liquid inert gases are completely impractical due to factors such as cost and storage conditions.

US6599656B2公开了一种阻止锂离子电池热失控的方法，通过在锂离子电池组中增加装载有二氧化碳或者氛气与氩气的混合物的罐体，在探测到异常情况时，使这些高压惰性气体喷射到电池周围，驱逐可燃气体和氧气,从而达到阻燃的日的。但电池燃烧只加剧而不能决定热失控进程,因而,通过喷射高压惰性气体并不能完全阻断热失控在电池组内的传播。US6599656B2 discloses a method for preventing thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries, which adds a tank containing carbon dioxide or a mixture of oxygen and argon to the lithium-ion battery pack. When an abnormal situation is detected, these high-pressure inert gases are sprayed around the battery to expel combustible gases and oxygen, thereby achieving flame retardancy. However, battery combustion only intensifies and cannot determine the thermal runaway process. Therefore, the propagation of thermal runaway in the battery pack cannot be completely blocked by spraying high-pressure inert gas.

US20130312947A1和US20130316198A1公开了一种冷却液喷射灭火的锂离子电池组设计。正常使用时，制冷剂以高压液态的形式储存在罐中，当BMS检测到出现热失控等紧急情况时，高压制冷剂(R-123)从预设管道喷出，扑灭火焰、在热失控电池表面汽化，吸收大量热量，并稀释可燃电解液，从而阻断热失控传播，保护整个电池组安全。R-123常作为空调、冰箱等电器的制冷剂，但灭火效能并不理想，而且，R-123还是一种温室气体，同时也会对臭氧层产生破坏,因此一些国家已开始限制使用。US20130312947A1 and US20130316198A1 disclose a lithium-ion battery pack design for fire extinguishing by coolant injection. In normal use, the refrigerant is stored in a tank in the form of high-pressure liquid. When the BMS detects an emergency such as thermal runaway, the high-pressure refrigerant (R-123) is ejected from a preset pipe to extinguish the flame, vaporize on the surface of the thermal runaway battery, absorb a large amount of heat, and dilute the flammable electrolyte, thereby blocking the spread of thermal runaway and protecting the safety of the entire battery pack. R-123 is often used as a refrigerant for electrical appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators, but its fire extinguishing performance is not ideal. Moreover, R-123 is also a greenhouse gas and will also damage the ozone layer, so some countries have begun to restrict its use.

CN106684499A公开了一种抑制和阻止锂离子电池热失控的方法，通过液体制冷剂对故障锂离子电池进行喷淋制冷和灭火，当电池单体达到一定温度时，即开启喷淋装置，以液体制冷剂的汽化潜热量计，液体制冷剂的汽化潜热量为电池单体热失控放热量的0.1~10倍，喷淋方式为连续喷淋或间断喷淋；液体制冷剂选自液氮、液氩和液态二氧化碳，相对存储要求高，增加额外的储能柜空间且成本较高。CN106684499A discloses a method for inhibiting and preventing thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries. The faulty lithium-ion batteries are sprayed with liquid refrigerant for cooling and extinguishing. When the battery cell reaches a certain temperature, the spray device is turned on. The latent heat of vaporization of the liquid refrigerant is 0.1 to 10 times the heat released by thermal runaway of the battery cell. The spraying method is continuous spraying or intermittent spraying. The liquid refrigerant is selected from liquid nitrogen, liquid argon and liquid carbon dioxide. The storage requirements are relatively high, additional energy storage cabinet space is added and the cost is relatively high.

上述多种消防控制设备及***、方法，均是将消防和冷却分隔来解决两个问题。储能柜电池的最佳工作温度为20-30℃之间，因此，如果能在储能柜中设置一个双防模块，即可实现提供储能柜电池组的最佳工作环境温度，又能在发生热失控之前时快速降温，杜绝起火***，保证设备和人身安全。The above-mentioned fire control equipment, systems and methods all separate fire protection and cooling to solve the two problems. The optimal operating temperature of the energy storage cabinet battery is between 20-30°C. Therefore, if a dual protection module can be set in the energy storage cabinet, it can provide the optimal working environment temperature of the energy storage cabinet battery pack and quickly cool it down before thermal runaway occurs, thus preventing fire and explosion and ensuring the safety of equipment and personnel.

发明内容Summary of the invention

针对上述要解决的技术问题，本发明提供一种双防储能柜及其防控方法，可同时实现储能柜的日常冷却防过热和火灾防控的双防功能。In view of the above technical problems to be solved, the present invention provides a dual-protection energy storage cabinet and a prevention and control method thereof, which can simultaneously realize the dual-protection functions of daily cooling to prevent overheating and fire prevention and control of the energy storage cabinet.

为了实现上述目的，本发明的技术方案如下：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

一种双防储能柜，包括柜体、储能模块、双防模块，所述储能模块和双防模块设于柜体内；A double-protection energy storage cabinet, comprising a cabinet body, an energy storage module, and a double-protection module, wherein the energy storage module and the double-protection module are arranged in the cabinet body;

所述储能模块包括多个电池模组，所述电池模组从上到下依次排列于柜体内，所述柜体内设有至少一列电池模组；The energy storage module includes a plurality of battery modules, which are arranged in sequence from top to bottom in a cabinet, and at least one row of battery modules is provided in the cabinet;

所述双防模块包括水箱、防高温组件和防火防爆组件，所述防高温组件包括防高温管路、换热件和抽气扇，所述防高温管路连接换热件和水箱，且形成液体循环管路；所述抽气扇设有多个，每个所述电池模组布设一个抽气扇；每个所述电池模组均配有一防火防爆组件，所述防火防爆组件包括防火防爆管路、高压喷嘴，所述防火防爆管路与水箱连通，所述防火防爆管路一端连接高压喷嘴，所述高压喷嘴设于电池模组内；所述水箱设有制冷件，所述水箱内设有液体冷媒，所述液体冷媒设有融冰剂。The double-protection module includes a water tank, a high-temperature protection component and a fire-proof and explosion-proof component. The high-temperature protection component includes a high-temperature protection pipeline, a heat exchanger and an exhaust fan. The high-temperature protection pipeline connects the heat exchanger and the water tank to form a liquid circulation pipeline; there are multiple exhaust fans, and each battery module is equipped with an exhaust fan; each battery module is equipped with a fire-proof and explosion-proof component, and the fire-proof and explosion-proof component includes a fire-proof and explosion-proof pipeline and a high-pressure nozzle. The fire-proof and explosion-proof pipeline is connected to the water tank, and one end of the fire-proof and explosion-proof pipeline is connected to the high-pressure nozzle, and the high-pressure nozzle is arranged in the battery module; the water tank is provided with a refrigeration component, and a liquid refrigerant is arranged in the water tank, and the liquid refrigerant is provided with an ice-melting agent.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述电池模组包括抽屉柜和多个电池单体，多个所述电池单体串联成排布置在抽屉柜内，每个所述抽屉柜内固定设有至少两排电池单体，相邻两排电池单体之间间隔布设；所述抽屉柜的四侧壁以及底板的连接缝处做防水处理，所述抽屉柜的四侧壁的高度高于电池单体的高度。In the above technical solution, preferably, the battery module includes a drawer cabinet and a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are arranged in series in rows in the drawer cabinet, and at least two rows of battery cells are fixedly provided in each of the drawer cabinets, and the battery cells in two adjacent rows are arranged at intervals; the four side walls of the drawer cabinet and the connecting seams of the bottom plate are waterproofed, and the height of the four side walls of the drawer cabinet is higher than the height of the battery cells.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述换热件采用换热器和抽风扇组合且设置在柜体的顶部，所述抽气扇设置在抽屉柜的一侧壁上，所述抽屉柜与抽气扇相对的一侧壁设有通风孔；经换热器换热后的冷气通过抽风扇吹入所有抽屉柜的一侧空腔内，再流经通风孔进入抽屉柜内进行降温，通过抽气扇排出形成散热通道。In the above technical solution, preferably, the heat exchange element adopts a combination of a heat exchanger and an exhaust fan and is arranged on the top of the cabinet body, the exhaust fan is arranged on a side wall of the drawer cabinet, and a ventilation hole is provided on the side wall of the drawer cabinet opposite to the exhaust fan; the cold air after heat exchange by the heat exchanger is blown into the cavity on one side of all the drawer cabinets through the exhaust fan, and then flows into the drawer cabinet through the ventilation hole for cooling, and is discharged through the exhaust fan to form a heat dissipation channel.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述水箱设有制冷压缩机，所述水箱设有出水管路和入水管路，所述出水管路设有增压泵，所述防高温管路设有进水管和出水管，所述进水管与出水管路和换热器的进水口连接，所述出水管与入水管路和换热器的出水口连接。In the above technical solution, preferably, the water tank is provided with a refrigeration compressor, the water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe and a water inlet pipe, the water outlet pipe is provided with a booster pump, the high temperature protection pipe is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet pipe and the water inlet of the heat exchanger, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe and the water outlet of the heat exchanger.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防火防爆组件还包括主管道和电磁阀，所述主管道与出水管路连通，所述防火防爆管路一端通过主管道与水箱连通，另一端连接电磁阀和高压喷嘴。In the above technical solution, preferably, the fireproof and explosion-proof component also includes a main pipeline and a solenoid valve, the main pipeline is connected to the water outlet pipeline, one end of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline is connected to the water tank through the main pipeline, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve and the high-pressure nozzle.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防火防爆管路的一段贯穿抽屉柜一侧壁且电磁阀和高压喷嘴分别设置在抽屉柜侧壁的内外两侧。In the above technical solution, preferably, a section of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline passes through a side wall of the drawer cabinet, and the solenoid valve and the high-pressure nozzle are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the side wall of the drawer cabinet.

本发明还提供了一种双防储能柜的防控方法，所述防控方法采用上述的双防储能柜；所述防控方法实时监测电池模组温度Ti和每个电池单体温度Tc，根据电池模组的温度Ti和电池单体的温度Tc选择工作模式，工作模式至少包括防高温模式、防火防爆模式。The present invention also provides a prevention and control method for a double-protection energy storage cabinet, which adopts the above-mentioned double-protection energy storage cabinet; the prevention and control method monitors the battery module temperature Ti and the temperature Tc of each battery cell in real time, and selects a working mode according to the temperature Ti of the battery module and the temperature Tc of the battery cell, and the working mode includes at least a high temperature protection mode and a fire and explosion protection mode.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防高温模式、防火防爆模式不同时进行。In the above technical solution, preferably, the high temperature protection mode and the fire and explosion protection mode are not performed at the same time.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防控方法中水箱内设有低温液体冷媒，所述低温液体冷媒的温度低于20℃。In the above technical solution, preferably, in the prevention and control method, a low-temperature liquid refrigerant is provided in the water tank, and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is lower than 20°C.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防高温模式为：设置防高温温度为T1，监测电池模组温度Ti，当Ti>T1且低于最低的防火防爆温度时，运行防高温模式。In the above technical solution, preferably, the high temperature protection mode is: setting the high temperature protection temperature to T1, monitoring the battery module temperature Ti, and when Ti>T1 and lower than the lowest fire and explosion prevention temperature, running the high temperature protection mode.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述水箱与防高温管路连通，同时开启换热件，柜体内形成由水箱内的低温液体冷媒经换热件换热后的低温冷气；通过抽气扇的运行，低温冷气经由通风孔流转至抽屉柜内，通过抽气扇排出形成散热通道。In the above technical solution, preferably, the water tank is connected to the high-temperature protection pipeline, and the heat exchange element is turned on at the same time, so that low-temperature cold air is formed in the cabinet after heat exchange by the heat exchange element through the low-temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank; through the operation of the exhaust fan, the low-temperature cold air flows into the drawer cabinet through the ventilation holes, and is discharged through the exhaust fan to form a heat dissipation channel.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防火防爆模式包括以下步骤：In the above technical solution, preferably, the fire and explosion prevention mode includes the following steps:

S1，设置第一防火防爆温度T3和第二防火防爆温度T4，T1<T3<T4，设置第一水位线和第二水位线，第一水位线的高度低于电池单体的高度；第二水位线的高度高于电池单体的高度，且低于抽屉柜通风孔的高度，使所述低温液体冷媒不能流出抽屉柜；S1, set the first fire and explosion prevention temperature T3 and the second fire and explosion prevention temperature T4, T1<T3<T4, set the first water level and the second water level, the height of the first water level is lower than the height of the battery cell; the height of the second water level is higher than the height of the battery cell and lower than the height of the drawer cabinet ventilation hole, so that the low-temperature liquid refrigerant cannot flow out of the drawer cabinet;

S2，监测每个电池单体的温度Tc，若某一或某些电池单体的温度Tc高于T3，则进行S3；S2, monitoring the temperature Tc of each battery cell, if the temperature Tc of one or some battery cells is higher than T3, proceed to S3;

S3，当T4>Tc>T3，防高温模式关闭，开启所述电池单体所在电池模组对应的防火防爆管路，且所述防火防爆管路与水箱连通，对应的高压喷嘴喷出低温液体冷媒将电池模组的电池单体部分浸泡，液位到达第一水位线时关闭对应的防火防爆管路；S3, when T4>Tc>T3, the high temperature protection mode is turned off, the fire and explosion-proof pipeline corresponding to the battery module where the battery cell is located is opened, and the fire and explosion-proof pipeline is connected to the water tank, and the corresponding high-pressure nozzle sprays low-temperature liquid refrigerant to immerse the battery cell part of the battery module, and the corresponding fire and explosion-proof pipeline is closed when the liquid level reaches the first water level line;

S4，若淹没后的电池单体温度Tc下降，则关闭对应的防火防爆管路，检查所述电池单体是否故障；S4, if the temperature Tc of the battery cell after being submerged decreases, close the corresponding fire and explosion proof pipeline and check whether the battery cell is faulty;

若淹没后的所述电池单体温度持续升高，则进行S5；If the temperature of the battery cell continues to rise after being submerged, proceed to S5;

S5，所述电池单体温度Tc≥T4时，高压喷嘴继续注入低温冷媒液体，液位达到第二水位线时关闭对应的防火防爆管路，电池模组内的所有电池单体被淹没，开启所述电池单体的安全阀，仅开启安全阀的所述电池单体的内部流入低温液体冷媒。S5, when the battery cell temperature Tc ≥ T4, the high-pressure nozzle continues to inject low-temperature refrigerant liquid. When the liquid level reaches the second water level line, the corresponding fire and explosion-proof pipeline is closed, all battery cells in the battery module are submerged, and the safety valve of the battery cell is opened. Only the low-temperature liquid refrigerant flows into the interior of the battery cell with the safety valve opened.

上述技术方案中，优选地，每个所述电池单体外套设一防水套，所述电池单体顶部的电极和安全阀露出防水套。In the above technical solution, preferably, a waterproof cover is disposed outside each of the battery cells, and the electrodes and the safety valve on the top of the battery cells are exposed from the waterproof cover.

上述技术方案中，优选地，所述防高温模式或者防火防爆模式之前预先将水箱内的常温液体冷媒通过制冷件制成零下20℃的低温液体冷媒，通过融冰剂使低温液体冷媒维持液体状态。In the above technical solution, preferably, before the high temperature protection mode or the fire and explosion protection mode, the room temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank is preliminarily converted into a low temperature liquid refrigerant of minus 20°C through a refrigeration component, and the low temperature liquid refrigerant is maintained in a liquid state through an ice melting agent.

作为一种较佳的实施方式，融冰剂为工业盐，该工业盐可采用市售工业盐，符合安全防火防爆相关要求即可；最佳的含有融冰剂的液体冷媒为质量百分比浓度为3~5%的工业盐水。As a preferred embodiment, the ice-melting agent is industrial salt, which can be commercially available industrial salt and meets the relevant requirements of safety, fire prevention and explosion prevention; the best liquid refrigerant containing the ice-melting agent is industrial salt water with a mass percentage concentration of 3-5%.

本发明提供的双防储能柜及其防控方法，与现有技术相比，有以下优点：Compared with the prior art, the double-defense energy storage cabinet and the prevention and control method thereof provided by the present invention have the following advantages:

（1）本发明的双防储能柜及其防控方法，新设计了防高温和防火防爆的结构，在原有的储能柜基础上进行改进，改进成本低，同时适用于现有储能柜或者任何定制的储能柜。防高温组件和防火防爆组件在现有储能柜空间狭小的情况下，通过多条管路的布设极大程度的优化利用空间结构，不会造成储能柜成本增加；并且防高温模式采用水循环方式，节约利用能源。(1) The dual-protection energy storage cabinet and its prevention and control method of the present invention newly designs a high-temperature and fire-proof and explosion-proof structure, which is improved on the basis of the original energy storage cabinet, with low improvement cost, and is applicable to existing energy storage cabinets or any customized energy storage cabinets. In the case of small space in the existing energy storage cabinet, the high-temperature protection components and fire-proof and explosion-proof components optimize the spatial structure to a great extent through the layout of multiple pipelines, without increasing the cost of the energy storage cabinet; and the high-temperature protection mode adopts a water circulation method to save energy.

（2）本发明的双防储能柜及其防控方法，通过利用低温液体冷媒作为防高温模式中最重要的降温介质，使储能柜内温度分布更加均匀，保障储能柜内温度可以使电池处于性能较好的状态，避免因电池温度不均匀而导致电池内电芯性能差异化，影响储能柜使用寿命，并解决了储能柜内空气对流换热效果差、换热效果不良等问题。(2) The dual-protection energy storage cabinet and its prevention and control method of the present invention use low-temperature liquid refrigerant as the most important cooling medium in the high-temperature protection mode to make the temperature distribution in the energy storage cabinet more uniform, thereby ensuring that the temperature in the energy storage cabinet can keep the battery in a good performance state, avoiding the performance differentiation of the battery cells in the battery due to uneven battery temperature, affecting the service life of the energy storage cabinet, and solving the problems of poor air convection heat exchange effect and poor heat exchange effect in the energy storage cabinet.

（3）本发明双防储能柜及其防控方法，通过利用低温液体冷媒作为最重要的防火防爆降温介质，既能达到电池模块的制冷均衡效果，又能保证电池的绝对安全性，同时，从源头直接冷却电池单体内部以实现快速降温避免热失控，极大程度地保护电池单体。(3) The dual-protection energy storage cabinet and its prevention and control method of the present invention utilizes low-temperature liquid refrigerant as the most important fire-proof and explosion-proof cooling medium, which can not only achieve a balanced cooling effect for the battery module, but also ensure the absolute safety of the battery. At the same time, it directly cools the inside of the battery cell from the source to achieve rapid cooling to avoid thermal runaway, thereby protecting the battery cell to the greatest extent.

（4）值得一提的是，本发明独创的双防模块，同时实现了稳定保持电池的最佳工作温度，从而保障电池能够最大程度实现充放电循环次数理论值，延长电池寿命；更重要的是，正是因为防高温组件可实现持续性维持最佳电池工作温度且都是在33摄氏度以下，故而一旦出现异常状态的升温电池，方可被快速识别，在可控的温度区间内实现快速降温，杜绝电池出现热失控继而的火灾或***险情；因此，防高温和防火防爆不是两个分割独立功能的模块，而是呈协同效果的双防组件，且对应的防控方法才能高效识别险情，保障安全最大化。(4) It is worth mentioning that the dual protection module of the present invention can simultaneously stably maintain the optimal operating temperature of the battery, thereby ensuring that the battery can achieve the maximum theoretical value of the number of charge and discharge cycles and extend the battery life; more importantly, it is precisely because the high temperature protection component can continuously maintain the optimal battery operating temperature and is always below 33 degrees Celsius, so once the abnormal temperature rise of the battery occurs, it can be quickly identified and quickly cooled within a controllable temperature range to prevent the battery from thermal runaway and subsequent fire or explosion hazards; therefore, high temperature protection and fire and explosion protection are not two separate modules with independent functions, but dual protection components with synergistic effects, and the corresponding prevention and control methods can effectively identify dangerous situations and ensure maximum safety.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1是本发明双防储能柜的结构示意图。FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a double-protection energy storage cabinet according to the present invention.

图2是本发明防火防爆组件的连接位置示意图。FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the connection position of the fireproof and explosion-proof assembly of the present invention.

图3是本发明防火防爆组件的结构示意图。FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fireproof and explosion-proof assembly of the present invention.

图4是本发明电池模组的结构示意图。FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module of the present invention.

图5是本发明防火防爆模式的应用示意图。FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the application of the fire and explosion prevention mode of the present invention.

图6是本发明防控方法的流程图。FIG6 is a flow chart of the prevention and control method of the present invention.

图中标号说明：Description of the numbers in the figure:

1、柜体；11、电池舱柜；12、储能变流器柜；13、出风孔；2、电池模组；21、电池单体；22、抽屉柜；23、通风孔；3、储能变流器；4、水箱；41、制冷压缩机；42、出水管路；421、增压泵；43、入水管路；5、防高温组件；51、防高温管路；511、进水管；512、出水管；52、换热件；521、铜管铝翅换热器；522、抽风扇；53、抽气扇；6、防火防爆组件；61、防火防爆管路；62、高压喷嘴；63、电磁阀；64、主管道；Ⅰ、第一水位线；Ⅱ、第二水位线。1. Cabinet; 11. Battery compartment cabinet; 12. Energy storage converter cabinet; 13. Air outlet; 2. Battery module; 21. Battery cell; 22. Drawer cabinet; 23. Ventilation hole; 3. Energy storage converter; 4. Water tank; 41. Refrigeration compressor; 42. Water outlet pipeline; 421. Booster pump; 43. Water inlet pipeline; 5. High temperature protection component; 51. High temperature protection pipeline; 511. Water inlet pipe; 512. Water outlet pipe; 52. Heat exchanger; 521. Copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger; 522. Exhaust fan; 53. Exhaust fan; 6. Fire and explosion-proof components; 61. Fire and explosion-proof pipeline; 62. High-pressure nozzle; 63. Solenoid valve; 64. Main pipeline; Ⅰ. First water level line; Ⅱ. Second water level line.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

以下对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是，此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限制本发明。The specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

图1至图5为本发明提供的双防储能柜的结构示意图，如图1所示，该双防储能柜包括分别设置在柜体1内的储能模块、双防模块和控制模块（图中未标示），其中控制模块可独立的分别控制储能模块和双防模块。储能模块包括多个电池模组2和储能变流器3，相应的柜体1分为电池舱柜11和储能变流器柜12，储能变流器柜12和电池舱柜11高低贴合设置，且贴合面设有一出风孔13，或者在储能变流器柜12两侧壁设有透气窗形成回风风道；换言之多个电池模组根据柜体形状及供电要求以最省空间方式依次排列于电池舱柜11内，在此不做赘述。Figures 1 to 5 are schematic diagrams of the structure of the double-protection energy storage cabinet provided by the present invention. As shown in Figure 1, the double-protection energy storage cabinet includes an energy storage module, a double-protection module and a control module (not shown in the figure) respectively arranged in a cabinet body 1, wherein the control module can independently control the energy storage module and the double-protection module respectively. The energy storage module includes a plurality of battery modules 2 and an energy storage converter 3. The corresponding cabinet body 1 is divided into a battery compartment cabinet 11 and an energy storage converter cabinet 12. The energy storage converter cabinet 12 and the battery compartment cabinet 11 are arranged in a high and low fit, and an air outlet 13 is provided on the fitting surface, or ventilation windows are provided on both side walls of the energy storage converter cabinet 12 to form a return air duct; in other words, a plurality of battery modules are arranged in sequence in the battery compartment cabinet 11 in the most space-saving manner according to the cabinet shape and power supply requirements, which will not be described in detail here.

如图4所示，电池模组2包括抽屉柜22和多个电池单体21，本实施例中采用1P252S280AH电池单体作为最小储能单元，多个电池单体21串联成排，布置入抽屉柜22内，每个电池单体21外套设一防水套，电池单体21顶部的电极和安全阀露出防水套。每个抽屉柜22内固定设有至少两排电池单体21，相邻两排电池单体之间间隔布设，构成一电池模组2。该抽屉柜22的柜体顶面无顶板，故呈开口状，且四侧壁以及底板各连接缝均做防水处理，可保证防水无泄漏，不会给其他电池模组带来二次损坏。根据不同地区的天气和环境特性，可通过现有各种防水处理方式，如防水硅胶条，防水涂层等方法。抽屉柜22的四侧壁高度均高于电池单体21，抽屉柜22的一侧壁设有通风孔23，通风孔23底边的高度高于电池单体21的顶部。As shown in FIG4 , the battery module 2 includes a drawer cabinet 22 and a plurality of battery cells 21. In this embodiment, a 1P252S280AH battery cell is used as the minimum energy storage unit. A plurality of battery cells 21 are connected in series in a row and arranged in the drawer cabinet 22. A waterproof cover is arranged outside each battery cell 21, and the electrodes and safety valves on the top of the battery cell 21 are exposed from the waterproof cover. At least two rows of battery cells 21 are fixedly arranged in each drawer cabinet 22, and the battery cells in two adjacent rows are arranged at intervals to form a battery module 2. The top surface of the cabinet of the drawer cabinet 22 has no top plate, so it is open, and the four side walls and the connection seams of the bottom plate are waterproofed to ensure waterproofness without leakage and will not cause secondary damage to other battery modules. According to the weather and environmental characteristics of different regions, various existing waterproofing methods can be used, such as waterproof silicone strips, waterproof coatings, etc. The heights of the four side walls of the drawer cabinet 22 are all higher than the battery cells 21, and a ventilation hole 23 is provided on one side wall of the drawer cabinet 22, and the height of the bottom edge of the ventilation hole 23 is higher than the top of the battery cell 21.

双防模块设置在电池舱柜11内，双防模块包括水箱4、防高温组件5和防火防爆组件6，防高温组件5包括防高温管路51、换热件52和抽气扇53，其中防高温管路51连接换热件52和水箱4，防高温管路51与换热件52的连接处设有一电磁阀开关（图中未标示），换热件52为一铜管铝翅换热器521配合一抽风扇522且设置在电池舱柜11的顶部。抽气扇53为多个，每个电池模组的抽屉柜22布设一个，作为节约功能保证能效的方法抽气扇53设置在电池模组的抽屉柜的侧壁上，最好可离换热件52较远，以形成最大最广的散热通道。本实施例中，抽气扇53设置在通风孔23相对的侧壁上，即抽气扇53与通风孔23分别位于抽屉柜22相对的两个侧壁上，且通风孔23与换热件52位于同一边，便于换热件的冷风从通风孔23流入抽屉柜22内部。The double protection module is arranged in the battery compartment cabinet 11, and the double protection module includes a water tank 4, a high temperature protection component 5 and a fire and explosion protection component 6. The high temperature protection component 5 includes a high temperature protection pipeline 51, a heat exchanger 52 and an exhaust fan 53, wherein the high temperature protection pipeline 51 connects the heat exchanger 52 and the water tank 4, and a solenoid valve switch (not shown in the figure) is arranged at the connection between the high temperature protection pipeline 51 and the heat exchanger 52. The heat exchanger 52 is a copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521 with an exhaust fan 522 and is arranged on the top of the battery compartment cabinet 11. There are multiple exhaust fans 53, and one is arranged for each drawer cabinet 22 of the battery module. As a method of saving function to ensure energy efficiency, the exhaust fan 53 is arranged on the side wall of the drawer cabinet of the battery module, preferably far away from the heat exchanger 52 to form the largest and widest heat dissipation channel. In this embodiment, the exhaust fan 53 is arranged on the side wall opposite to the ventilation hole 23, that is, the exhaust fan 53 and the ventilation hole 23 are respectively located on the two opposite side walls of the drawer cabinet 22, and the ventilation hole 23 and the heat exchange element 52 are located on the same side, so that the cold air of the heat exchange element flows from the ventilation hole 23 into the interior of the drawer cabinet 22.

为进一步保证双防效能，可将水箱4增设一制冷压缩机41。本实施例中可在低电价时，将水箱4的液体冷媒降温，从而用于白天储能模块工作时电池单体发热的降温冷却。水箱4为保温水箱，水箱4设有出水管路42和入水管路43，防高温管路51连通铜管铝翅换热器521和水箱且形成液体循环管路，即防高温管路51设有进水管511和出水管512，进水管511与出水管路42连接，出水管512与入水管路43连接；沿液体冷媒的流动方向，液体循环管路是指水箱4——出水管路42——进水管511——铜管铝翅换热器521的铜管——出水管512——入水管路43——水箱4。出水管路42上还设有可调节的增压泵421，增压泵421采用市售可调节档位的增压泵。本实施例中水箱4和制冷压缩机41设置在电池舱柜11的底部，其它实施例中，水箱4和制冷压缩机41可以设置在电池舱柜11的顶部。水箱4另外设有一个注水口，用于补充液体冷媒。To further ensure the dual protection performance, a refrigeration compressor 41 can be added to the water tank 4. In this embodiment, the liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4 can be cooled down when the electricity price is low, so as to be used for cooling the heat generated by the battery cells when the energy storage module is working during the day. The water tank 4 is an insulated water tank, and the water tank 4 is provided with an outlet pipe 42 and an inlet pipe 43. The high temperature protection pipe 51 connects the copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521 and the water tank to form a liquid circulation pipeline, that is, the high temperature protection pipe 51 is provided with an inlet pipe 511 and an outlet pipe 512, the inlet pipe 511 is connected to the outlet pipe 42, and the outlet pipe 512 is connected to the inlet pipe 43; along the flow direction of the liquid refrigerant, the liquid circulation pipeline refers to the water tank 4 - outlet pipe 42 - inlet pipe 511 - copper pipe of the copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521 - outlet pipe 512 - inlet pipe 43 - water tank 4. The water outlet pipe 42 is also provided with an adjustable booster pump 421, and the booster pump 421 adopts a commercially available booster pump with adjustable gear. In this embodiment, the water tank 4 and the refrigeration compressor 41 are arranged at the bottom of the battery compartment cabinet 11. In other embodiments, the water tank 4 and the refrigeration compressor 41 can be arranged at the top of the battery compartment cabinet 11. The water tank 4 is also provided with a water injection port for replenishing liquid refrigerant.

图2～图4为防火防爆组件的结构示意图及局部放大图，如图2所示，防火防爆组件6根据电池模组的数量适应性设置，每个电池模组均配有一防火防爆组件6，防火防爆组件6包括主管道64、防火防爆管路61、高压喷嘴62和电磁阀63，其中，主管道64与出水管路42连通，防火防爆管路61一端通过主管道64与水箱4连通，另一端连接电磁阀63和高压喷嘴62，出水管路42与主管道64和进水管511的连接处设有一个三通阀。电磁阀63为高压喷嘴62的开关，高压喷嘴62设于抽屉柜22的一侧壁，如图2和图3所示，防火防爆管路61的部分管路贯穿抽屉柜一侧壁且电磁阀和高压喷嘴分别设置在抽屉柜该侧壁的内外两侧；换言之，高压喷嘴62所喷出的液体冷媒将直接喷入相应的电池模组2内，此时防火防爆管路61可将水箱内的液体冷媒喷入电池模组2内部。本实施例中，高压喷嘴的设置高度低于电池单体21顶部。该高压喷嘴采用铜制，为高压喷淋嘴，防高压、防高温、防爆裂，故而当电磁阀打开时，从水箱4内的液体冷媒经出水管路42、主管道64、防火防爆管路61再经高压喷嘴62转换成细小水珠呈高压连续喷洒到电池模组2内，尤其是抽屉柜剩余空间内。2 to 4 are schematic diagrams and partial enlarged views of the structure of the fireproof and explosion-proof assembly. As shown in FIG2 , the fireproof and explosion-proof assembly 6 is adaptively arranged according to the number of battery modules. Each battery module is equipped with a fireproof and explosion-proof assembly 6. The fireproof and explosion-proof assembly 6 includes a main pipeline 64, a fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline 61, a high-pressure nozzle 62 and a solenoid valve 63, wherein the main pipeline 64 is connected to the water outlet pipeline 42, one end of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline 61 is connected to the water tank 4 through the main pipeline 64, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve 63 and the high-pressure nozzle 62, and a three-way valve is provided at the connection between the water outlet pipeline 42, the main pipeline 64 and the water inlet pipe 511. The solenoid valve 63 is the switch of the high-pressure nozzle 62, which is arranged on one side wall of the drawer cabinet 22. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, part of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline 61 runs through one side wall of the drawer cabinet, and the solenoid valve and the high-pressure nozzle are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the side wall of the drawer cabinet; in other words, the liquid refrigerant sprayed by the high-pressure nozzle 62 will be directly sprayed into the corresponding battery module 2, and the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline 61 can spray the liquid refrigerant in the water tank into the battery module 2. In this embodiment, the setting height of the high-pressure nozzle is lower than the top of the battery cell 21. The high-pressure nozzle is made of copper and is a high-pressure spray nozzle, which is resistant to high pressure, high temperature and explosion. Therefore, when the solenoid valve is opened, the liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4 is converted into fine water droplets through the water outlet pipeline 42, the main pipeline 64, the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline 61, and then through the high-pressure nozzle 62, and is continuously sprayed into the battery module 2 at high pressure, especially in the remaining space of the drawer cabinet.

本实施例中，控制模块包括监测单元和控制单元，所述监测单元包括水温传感器、水压传感器、液位传感器、多个温度传感器；其中，水箱4内设置水温传感器和液位传感器，用于测量水箱4内液体冷媒的温度和液位高度；液位传感器采用静压式液位传感器，设置于水箱4底部；水压传感器设置于水箱的出水管路42；储能柜内部和外部均设有温度传感器，用于监测柜内部和外部环境的温度，本实施例中储能柜内部的温度传感器用于监测电池舱柜11内的温度，主要用于检测散热通道的温度；每个抽屉柜22的底板的下端设有温度传感器用于监测下方相邻电池模组2的温度，也就是一个电池模组2内所有电池单体的平均温度，电池舱柜11的顶板设有温度传感器，用于监测排在最上方的抽屉柜22内的温度；另外，每个电池单体21设有一个温度传感器用于监测每一个电池单体的温度，温度传感器设置于电池单体顶部，即未被防水套包裹处。为了保证双防效果，柜内的温度传感器可设置多个，作为柜内温度的动态监测数据来源，如换热件、电池舱柜和储能变流器柜出风口13、以及每个抽屉柜22的抽气扇53附近，不仅可保证每个电池都在最佳工作状态下，还可保证在第一时间确定出现可能险情的电池单体，将风险降到最低。In this embodiment, the control module includes a monitoring unit and a control unit, and the monitoring unit includes a water temperature sensor, a water pressure sensor, a liquid level sensor, and multiple temperature sensors; wherein a water temperature sensor and a liquid level sensor are arranged in the water tank 4, for measuring the temperature and liquid level height of the liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4; the liquid level sensor adopts a static pressure type liquid level sensor, which is arranged at the bottom of the water tank 4; the water pressure sensor is arranged in the water outlet pipe 42 of the water tank; temperature sensors are arranged inside and outside the energy storage cabinet for monitoring the temperature inside the cabinet and the external environment. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor inside the energy storage cabinet is used to monitor the temperature inside the battery compartment cabinet 11, mainly used to detect the temperature of the heat dissipation channel; a temperature sensor is arranged at the lower end of the bottom plate of each drawer cabinet 22 for monitoring the temperature of the adjacent battery module 2 below, that is, the average temperature of all battery cells in a battery module 2, and a temperature sensor is arranged on the top plate of the battery compartment cabinet 11 for monitoring the temperature in the top drawer cabinet 22; in addition, each battery cell 21 is provided with a temperature sensor for monitoring the temperature of each battery cell, and the temperature sensor is arranged at the top of the battery cell, that is, the place not wrapped by the waterproof cover. In order to ensure the double protection effect, multiple temperature sensors can be set up in the cabinet as the dynamic monitoring data source of the temperature in the cabinet, such as the heat exchanger, battery compartment cabinet and energy storage inverter cabinet air outlet 13, and near the exhaust fan 53 of each drawer cabinet 22. It can not only ensure that each battery is in the best working condition, but also ensure that the battery cells that may be dangerous are identified at the first time to minimize the risk.

图6为本发明的防控方法的流程图，水箱内设有低温液体冷媒，低温液体冷媒的温度低于20℃，时刻监测电池模组温度Ti和每个电池单体的温度Tc，根据电池模组的温度Ti和电池单体的温度Tc选择不同的工作模式，两种工作模式不同时进行，两种工作模式分别为：FIG6 is a flow chart of the prevention and control method of the present invention. A low-temperature liquid refrigerant is provided in the water tank. The temperature of the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is lower than 20° C. The temperature Ti of the battery module and the temperature Tc of each battery cell are constantly monitored. Different working modes are selected according to the temperature Ti of the battery module and the temperature Tc of the battery cell. The two working modes are not performed at the same time. The two working modes are:

（1）防高温模式(1) High temperature protection mode

设置防高温温度为T1，监测电池模组温度Ti，可以根据使用环境的情况设置防高温温度或者设置为防高温温度区间，本实施例中以温度区间进行具体说明，只设置一个防高温温度的同理。The high temperature protection temperature is set to T1, and the battery module temperature Ti is monitored. The high temperature protection temperature can be set or set to a high temperature protection temperature range according to the use environment. In this embodiment, the temperature range is used for specific description, and the same applies to setting only one high temperature protection temperature.

电池单体的最佳工作温度区间为20～30℃，通常高峰期放电时电池单体开始升温，即电池模组开始升温且温度可高达40℃，为了保障电池模组的最佳工作状态和效能，本发明的双防储能柜可根据温度的不同，提供两种防高温模式，分别为：快速制冷模式和缓慢制冷模式，具体为：The optimal operating temperature range of battery cells is 20-30°C. Usually, the battery cells begin to heat up during peak discharge, that is, the battery module begins to heat up and the temperature can be as high as 40°C. In order to ensure the optimal working state and performance of the battery module, the double-protection energy storage cabinet of the present invention can provide two high-temperature protection modes according to different temperatures, namely: fast cooling mode and slow cooling mode, specifically:

步骤1）设置防高温温度区间为T1~T2，当T2>Ti>T1时，运行缓慢制冷模式，即步骤2）；当T3>Ti>T2时，运行快速制冷模式，即步骤3）；Step 1) Set the high temperature protection temperature range to T1~T2. When T2>Ti>T1, run the slow cooling mode, that is, step 2); when T3>Ti>T2, run the fast cooling mode, that is, step 3);

本实施例中，设置T1=22℃，T2=27℃。In this embodiment, T1=22°C and T2=27°C are set.

步骤2）当T2>Ti>T1时，运行缓慢制冷模式，控制模块控制增压泵开启且增压泵档位至低速挡，减少排量和流速，降低能耗；同时开启铜管铝翅换热器521的电磁阀开关，柜体1内可快速形成由水箱4内的低温液体冷媒经铜管铝翅换热器521换热后的低温冷气，且低温冷气通过抽风扇522和抽气扇53的运行，经由通风孔23流转至柜内各处，尤其是各电池模块的抽屉柜22内，实现降温。当检测到Ti小于T1时，则控制停止通风，以避免柜内温度过低，电池工作性能受到影响。Step 2) When T2>Ti>T1, the slow cooling mode is operated, the control module controls the booster pump to start and the booster pump gear is set to the low speed gear, reducing the displacement and flow rate, and reducing energy consumption; at the same time, the solenoid valve switch of the copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521 is turned on, and the cabinet 1 can quickly form low-temperature cold air after the low-temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4 is heat-exchanged by the copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521, and the low-temperature cold air is operated by the exhaust fan 522 and the exhaust fan 53, and flows through the ventilation hole 23 to various places in the cabinet, especially the drawer cabinet 22 of each battery module, to achieve cooling. When it is detected that Ti is less than T1, the ventilation is controlled to stop to avoid the temperature in the cabinet being too low and the battery performance being affected.

步骤3）当T3>Ti>T2时，运行快速制冷模式；此时控制模块控制维持增压泵且增压泵调整为高速档运行，柜体1内可快速形成由水箱4内的低温液体冷媒经铜管铝翅换热器521换热后的低温冷气，且低温冷气通过抽风扇522和抽气扇53的运行，经由通风孔23快速流转至柜内各处，尤其是各电池模块的抽屉柜22内，实现快速降温。当Ti温度降低满足T2>Ti>T1时，则改为运行缓慢制冷模式。Step 3) When T3>Ti>T2, the rapid cooling mode is operated; at this time, the control module controls the booster pump to maintain and adjust the booster pump to high-speed operation, and the cabinet 1 can quickly form low-temperature cold air after heat exchange by the low-temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4 through the copper tube aluminum fin heat exchanger 521, and the low-temperature cold air is quickly transferred to various places in the cabinet through the ventilation holes 23 through the operation of the exhaust fan 522 and the exhaust fan 53, especially the drawer cabinet 22 of each battery module, to achieve rapid cooling. When the Ti temperature drops to meet T2>Ti>T1, it is changed to slow cooling mode.

（2）防火防爆模式(2) Fire and explosion prevention mode

本发明的核心设计要义在于出现热失控险情的最早期，提前防止热失控的发生，在电池模组未发生热失控继而***前，就快速的降温并维持低温，且不损伤电池模组原有功能，最大程度的降低风险并保留电池模组功能。The core design essence of the present invention is to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway in the earliest stage of the thermal runaway risk. Before the battery module undergoes thermal runaway and then explodes, the temperature is quickly reduced and maintained at a low temperature without damaging the original function of the battery module, thereby minimizing the risk and retaining the function of the battery module.

如上述，本发明的控制模块同时时刻监测电池模组温度Ti和每个电池单体的温度Tc。锂离子电池的热失控发生时间短，且一旦进入热失控较难控制，故能够实现提前判断在疑似或者险情一出现就能快速响应，扼杀风险，这是本发明最重要的技术效果。As mentioned above, the control module of the present invention monitors the battery module temperature Ti and the temperature Tc of each battery cell at all times. The thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries occurs in a short time, and once it enters thermal runaway, it is difficult to control. Therefore, it is possible to make early judgments and respond quickly to suspected or dangerous situations as soon as they occur, thus eliminating risks. This is the most important technical effect of the present invention.

本实施例中，防控方法的防火防爆模式，具体包括以下步骤：In this embodiment, the fire prevention and explosion prevention mode of the prevention and control method specifically includes the following steps:

S1，设置第一防火防爆温度T3和第二防火防爆温度T4，T1<T3<T4，设置第一水位线Ⅰ和第二水位线Ⅱ，第一水位线Ⅰ的高度低于电池单体21的高度；第二水位线Ⅱ的高度高于电池单体21的高度，且低于抽屉柜通风孔的高度，使液体不能流出抽屉柜；S1, set the first fire and explosion prevention temperature T3 and the second fire and explosion prevention temperature T4, T1<T3<T4, set the first water level line I and the second water level line II, the height of the first water level line I is lower than the height of the battery cell 21; the height of the second water level line II is higher than the height of the battery cell 21 and lower than the height of the drawer cabinet ventilation hole, so that the liquid cannot flow out of the drawer cabinet;

本实施例中，优选T3=60℃，T4=80℃；In this embodiment, preferably T3=60°C, T4=80°C;

本实施例中，第一水位线Ⅰ的高度低于电池单体21的高度，位于电池单体四分之三高度处；第二水位线Ⅱ低于抽屉柜22的背板进风口下沿和抽气扇53出风口下沿线，且能够完全浸没电池单体；In this embodiment, the height of the first water level line I is lower than the height of the battery cell 21, and is located at three quarters of the height of the battery cell; the second water level line II is lower than the lower edge of the back panel air inlet of the drawer cabinet 22 and the lower edge of the air outlet of the exhaust fan 53, and can completely immerse the battery cell;

进行防火防爆模式时，防高温模式停止。When the fire and explosion prevention mode is in progress, the high temperature prevention mode is stopped.

S2，监测每个电池单体的温度Tc，若某一电池单体的温度Tc高于T3，则进行S3；S2, monitoring the temperature Tc of each battery cell, if the temperature Tc of a battery cell is higher than T3, proceed to S3;

S3，当T4>Tc>T3，防高温模式关闭，即检测到该电池单体21温度大于60℃时，则运行防火防爆模式。通过该电池单体的温度传感器反馈信号给控制***，此时，控制***控制增压泵高速档运行，控制三通阀关闭防高温管路的流通并停止换热件，同时切断储能柜的直流侧断路器，打开主管道64，开启出现高温的电池模组2对应的防火防爆管路61上的电磁阀63，此时抽屉柜22内的高压喷嘴62快速喷出大量的低温液体冷媒，抽屉柜22冲入大量液体冷媒，液位达到第一水位线Ⅰ时关闭对应的防火防爆管路61上的电磁阀63，此时此电池模组2的所有电池单体21浸泡在液体冷媒内，可实现快速降温并维持降温效果，此时该浸没水位线可确保险情电池单体70~80%的高度在浸没线以内从而保证防火防爆效果，并能够防止其余该电池模组内的电池单体升温。S3, when T4>Tc>T3, the high temperature protection mode is turned off, that is, when it is detected that the temperature of the battery cell 21 is greater than 60°C, the fire and explosion protection mode is operated. The temperature sensor of the battery cell feeds back a signal to the control system. At this time, the control system controls the boost pump to run at high speed, controls the three-way valve to close the circulation of the high-temperature protection pipeline and stop the heat exchanger, and at the same time cuts off the DC side circuit breaker of the energy storage cabinet, opens the main pipeline 64, and opens the solenoid valve 63 on the fire and explosion protection pipeline 61 corresponding to the battery module 2 with high temperature. At this time, the high-pressure nozzle 62 in the drawer cabinet 22 quickly sprays a large amount of low-temperature liquid refrigerant, and a large amount of liquid refrigerant is rushed into the drawer cabinet 22. When the liquid level reaches the first water level line I, the solenoid valve 63 on the corresponding fire and explosion protection pipeline 61 is closed. At this time, all the battery cells 21 of this battery module 2 are immersed in the liquid refrigerant, which can achieve rapid cooling and maintain the cooling effect. At this time, the immersion water level line can ensure that 70% to 80% of the height of the dangerous battery cells is within the immersion line, thereby ensuring the fire and explosion protection effect, and can prevent the remaining battery cells in the battery module from heating up.

第一水位线Ⅰ的设置是不会浸没电池单体21的电极，因为此电池单体的电极设置在顶部，并且电池单体21本身包设有防水套，保证不会因为喷入液体冷媒产生短路现象。The first water level line I is set so as not to submerge the electrodes of the battery cell 21, because the electrodes of the battery cell are set at the top, and the battery cell 21 itself is wrapped with a waterproof cover to ensure that a short circuit will not occur due to the injection of liquid refrigerant.

S4，持续监测电池单体温度Tc温度，若淹没后的电池单体温度Tc下降，且如十分钟内温度没有上升，则抽出该电池模组2，排出液体后对故障电池单体21进行检查，如果损坏，则进行更换；若淹没后的电池单体温度持续升高，则进行S5；S4, continuously monitor the temperature Tc of the battery cell. If the temperature Tc of the battery cell after being submerged decreases and does not rise within ten minutes, the battery module 2 is extracted, and the faulty battery cell 21 is inspected after the liquid is drained. If it is damaged, it is replaced; if the temperature of the battery cell after being submerged continues to rise, S5 is performed;

S5，电池单体温度Tc≥T4时，即该电池单体21温度Tc升至80℃以上时，切断储能柜的直流侧断路器，打开高压喷嘴再次注入低温冷媒液体，液位达到第二水位线Ⅱ时关闭对应的防火防爆管路，此时水位淹没各电池单体21，打开电池单体顶部的安全阀，电池单体内会流入液体冷媒，从源头直接冷却电池单体21内部以实现快速降温避免热失控。S5, when the battery cell temperature Tc ≥ T4, that is, when the temperature Tc of the battery cell 21 rises to above 80°C, cut off the DC side circuit breaker of the energy storage cabinet, open the high-pressure nozzle and inject low-temperature refrigerant liquid again. When the liquid level reaches the second water level line II, close the corresponding fire and explosion-proof pipeline. At this time, the water level submerges each battery cell 21. Open the safety valve on the top of the battery cell, and liquid refrigerant will flow into the battery cell, directly cooling the inside of the battery cell 21 from the source to achieve rapid cooling and avoid thermal runaway.

水箱内的液体冷媒采用20℃以下的低温液体，优选采用零下20℃的水加上融冰剂制备的超低温液体。0℃-20℃的低温液体冷媒可以同样进行防高温和防火防爆，只是防高温的效率较低，需要防高温组件在电池单体放电期间一直运行；防火防爆时，电池单体降温速度慢于零下20℃的超低温液体冷媒。The liquid refrigerant in the water tank uses a low-temperature liquid below 20°C, preferably an ultra-low-temperature liquid prepared by adding water at minus 20°C and an ice-melting agent. The low-temperature liquid refrigerant of 0°C-20°C can also be used to prevent high temperatures and fire and explosions, but the efficiency of high-temperature protection is lower, and the high-temperature protection components need to be running during the discharge of the battery cells; when preventing fire and explosions, the battery cells cool down slower than the ultra-low-temperature liquid refrigerant of minus 20°C.

实施例1Example 1

本实施例的防控方法预先将水箱4内的液体冷媒通过制冷压缩机降温至零下20℃制成超低温液体冷媒，且通过融冰剂使得液体冷媒维持液体状态，发明人通过大量的实验研究发现，可通过质量百分比浓度为3~5%的工业盐水作为本发明的双防储能柜的最佳液体冷媒。The prevention and control method of this embodiment pre-cools the liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4 to minus 20°C through a refrigeration compressor to form an ultra-low temperature liquid refrigerant, and uses an ice-melting agent to maintain the liquid refrigerant in a liquid state. The inventor has found through a large number of experimental studies that industrial brine with a mass percentage concentration of 3-5% can be used as the best liquid refrigerant for the double-defense energy storage cabinet of the present invention.

本实施例中，具体为：在一天内低电价时段通过电力能量交换实现降温将常温液体冷媒即工业盐水的温度降到零下20℃以下并保温储存在水箱4内；在时间到达高电价时段后，不再用电降温，而是用超低温工业盐水作为超低温液体冷媒经防高温组件为柜内提供冷能，实现制冷降温。制冷降温时，超低温工业盐水从水箱4流经防高温管路，通过换热件52转换为超低温空气进入电池舱柜11内；相应的各电池模组2内部通过独立设置的抽气扇53配合换热件52，使得超低温空气流经各电池模组2，电池单体21内部的热量随抽屉柜22内的空隙的超低温空气经热交换后被带出抽屉柜22，再经电池舱柜11顶部设置的出风口13从储能变流器柜本身的回风风道排出。In this embodiment, specifically: during the low electricity price period of the day, the temperature of the normal temperature liquid refrigerant, i.e., industrial brine, is reduced to below -20°C by exchanging electric energy and stored in the water tank 4; when the time reaches the high electricity price period, electricity is no longer used for cooling, but ultra-low temperature industrial brine is used as the ultra-low temperature liquid refrigerant to provide cold energy for the cabinet through the high temperature protection component to achieve refrigeration and cooling. During refrigeration and cooling, the ultra-low temperature industrial brine flows from the water tank 4 through the high temperature protection pipeline, and is converted into ultra-low temperature air through the heat exchanger 52 and enters the battery compartment cabinet 11; the corresponding battery modules 2 are equipped with the heat exchanger 52 through the independently arranged exhaust fan 53, so that the ultra-low temperature air flows through each battery module 2, and the heat inside the battery cell 21 is taken out of the drawer cabinet 22 after heat exchange with the ultra-low temperature air in the gap of the drawer cabinet 22, and then discharged from the return air duct of the energy storage converter cabinet itself through the air outlet 13 arranged on the top of the battery compartment cabinet 11.

为了保障双防效果，水箱4内应设有足够多的液体冷媒，设置的水压传感器检测水压和液位检测器检测水位，防高温模式因为液体冷媒在管道内循环流动，不消耗水量，只有防火防爆模式下消耗液体冷媒的量，水量下降到一半时需要进行液体和工业盐的补充。In order to ensure the double protection effect, there should be enough liquid refrigerant in the water tank 4, and the water pressure sensor should detect the water pressure and the liquid level detector should detect the water level. In the high temperature protection mode, the liquid refrigerant circulates in the pipeline and does not consume water. Only the fire and explosion protection mode consumes liquid refrigerant. When the water volume drops to half, liquid and industrial salt need to be supplemented.

验证实验Verification experiment

通过实际应用场景验证本发明的双防储能柜的防控效果，具体如下：The prevention and control effect of the double-defense energy storage cabinet of the present invention is verified through actual application scenarios, as follows:

（1）液体冷媒防冻效果验证(1) Verification of liquid refrigerant antifreeze effect

采用2%、3%和5%的质量百分比浓度工业盐水（工业盐需符合GB/T5462-2003要求）分别放入独立的水箱中检测，采用不大于0.1m/s的流速循环水箱内的工业盐水，分别检测不同温度下的水箱内的工业盐水状态，其中，2%浓度的工业盐水会在降温到零下10℃后的2-3小时则会陆续结冰，故该浓度下液体冷媒无法实现有效工作状态；而3%和5%浓度的工业盐水在保持该浓度的情况下，零下20℃仍可维持液体状态，目前观测期达两个月，仍水箱及所有管道内未见结冰现象。Industrial brine with mass percentage concentrations of 2%, 3% and 5% (industrial salt must comply with the requirements of GB/T5462-2003) was placed in separate water tanks for testing. The industrial brine in the water tank was circulated at a flow rate of no more than 0.1m/s, and the states of the industrial brine in the water tanks at different temperatures were tested. Among them, the 2% concentration of industrial brine will gradually freeze 2-3 hours after the temperature drops to minus 10℃, so the liquid refrigerant cannot achieve an effective working state at this concentration; while the 3% and 5% concentrations of industrial brine can still maintain a liquid state at minus 20℃ while maintaining this concentration. The current observation period is two months, and no ice has been found in the water tank and all pipelines.

（2）防高温效果验证(2) Verification of high temperature protection effect

采用3%浓度的工业盐水继续进行防高温效果验证实验。The high temperature protection effect verification experiment was continued using 3% concentration industrial brine.

在电价低的时段，一般为晚上11点至早上7点为低电价时段，通过制冷压缩机把工业盐水制成零下20℃的低温液体冷媒储存于水箱内；设置预设的防高温温度区间为22～27℃，白天高峰用电时，如果电池模组温度高于27℃，控制单元控制增压泵高速运转加快低温液体冷媒通过换热件6散出大量冷气从而快速降低电池模组温度。如果电池模组温度在22～27℃，增压泵421低速运转给电池模组降温，返回检测电池模组温度重新判别再确定工作模式。During the period of low electricity price, generally from 11pm to 7am, the industrial brine is converted into a low-temperature liquid refrigerant at minus 20°C by a refrigeration compressor and stored in a water tank; the preset high temperature protection temperature range is set to 22-27°C. During the peak power consumption in the daytime, if the battery module temperature is higher than 27°C, the control unit controls the booster pump to run at a high speed to speed up the low-temperature liquid refrigerant to dissipate a large amount of cold air through the heat exchanger 6, thereby quickly reducing the battery module temperature. If the battery module temperature is between 22 and 27°C, the booster pump 421 runs at a low speed to cool the battery module, returns to detect the battery module temperature, re-judges and determines the working mode.

本实验的储能柜采用300kWh的电池容量，PCS储能变流器3为120KW，设定的放电功率为100kW，水箱内设置工业盐水200L。如果储能柜进入放电阶段，高峰电价时段在3小时全部放完，300kWh以0.3C放电。该双防储能柜在放电阶段设置每半小时运行一次快速制冷模式，其中防高温管路的超低温工业盐水的流速约为0.54m/s，运行5分钟后，检测电池模组2的抽气扇53的出风口的温度约为19℃，实现了快速降温。当电池模组2温度降温至27℃以下时，再运行缓慢制冷模式，水的流速约为0.31m/s，检测抽气扇53的出风口的温度约为22℃。The energy storage cabinet in this experiment uses a battery capacity of 300kWh, the PCS energy storage inverter 3 is 120KW, the set discharge power is 100kW, and 200L of industrial brine is set in the water tank. If the energy storage cabinet enters the discharge stage, it will be fully discharged in 3 hours during the peak electricity price period, and 300kWh will be discharged at 0.3C. The double-protection energy storage cabinet is set to run a rapid cooling mode every half an hour during the discharge stage, in which the flow rate of the ultra-low temperature industrial brine in the high-temperature protection pipeline is about 0.54m/s. After running for 5 minutes, the temperature of the air outlet of the exhaust fan 53 of the battery module 2 is detected to be about 19°C, achieving rapid cooling. When the temperature of the battery module 2 drops below 27°C, the slow cooling mode is run again, the water flow rate is about 0.31m/s, and the temperature of the air outlet of the exhaust fan 53 is detected to be about 22°C.

以24小时为一个工作周期检测水箱、电池模组2和电池舱柜内温度，来评估该防高温***的工作性能。一般23～7点为低电价，此时工业盐水首先经2小时左右降温至零下20℃，3-4小时后温度上升1℃，此时再次降温至零下20℃，依次循环至7点低电价时段结束，制冷压缩机不再工作进入待机状态；7点后进入高电价时段，该超低温工业盐水处在保温并释放冷量的过程，高峰电价时段在3小时全部放完，每半小时循环一次运行制冷，循环六次，每次温度上升2℃，六次共上升12℃；除上述防高温模式工作时长3小时外，高电价时工业盐水还经13个小时的待机状态，温度上升3～4℃，故在进入下一次低电价降温循环前，工业盐水的温度约为零下4℃。The working performance of the high temperature protection system is evaluated by testing the temperature of the water tank, battery module 2 and battery compartment cabinet with a working cycle of 24 hours. Generally, the low electricity price is from 23:00 to 7:00. At this time, the industrial brine is first cooled to minus 20°C in about 2 hours, and the temperature rises by 1°C after 3-4 hours. At this time, it is cooled to minus 20°C again, and the cycle ends at 7:00, when the low electricity price period ends. The refrigeration compressor no longer works and enters the standby state; after 7:00, it enters the high electricity price period, and the ultra-low temperature industrial brine is in the process of heat preservation and release of cold capacity. The peak electricity price period is fully released in 3 hours, and the refrigeration is cycled every half an hour. The cycle is repeated six times, and the temperature rises by 2°C each time, and the total rise is 12°C in six times; in addition to the above-mentioned 3-hour working time of the high temperature protection mode, the industrial brine is also in the standby state for 13 hours when the electricity price is high, and the temperature rises by 3-4°C. Therefore, before entering the next low electricity price cooling cycle, the temperature of the industrial brine is about minus 4°C.

（3）防火防爆效果验证实验(3) Fire and explosion proofing test

在上述双防储能柜的结构下继续进行防火防爆实验，设置储能柜共有8个电池模组2，每个电池模组安装电池单体后剩余有效空间约为25L，电池单体集成的体积与剩余空间的体积比约为3:2，采用200L的工业盐水量，冗余配置的水量主要是给防火防爆模式提供足够的水源，保证防火防爆模式过程中的足够水量。The fire and explosion prevention experiments were continued under the structure of the above-mentioned double-protection energy storage cabinet. A total of 8 battery modules 2 were set up in the energy storage cabinet. The remaining effective space of each battery module after the battery cell was installed was about 25L. The volume ratio of the integrated volume of the battery cell to the remaining space was about 3:2. 200L of industrial salt water was used. The redundant water volume was mainly to provide sufficient water source for the fire and explosion prevention mode to ensure sufficient water volume during the fire and explosion prevention mode.

此为破坏性实验，根据结果可知，一个电池模组的单个电池单体发生故障，造成内部短路继而形成热失控的时间约为50秒，因此储能柜的防火防爆组件应在30秒内完成降温。通过人工施加外力将电池模组2中某一电池单体破坏，产生急速升温，15秒左右电池单体温度Tc升至60℃，立刻运行防火防爆模式，防火防爆管路的超低温工业盐水流速为1.8m ³/h，高压喷嘴可在8秒内快速液体至第一水位线Ⅰ，停止注入液体，浸泡十分钟后，检测此时该电池单体温度Tc在30℃左右。 This is a destructive experiment. According to the results, it takes about 50 seconds for a single battery cell of a battery module to fail, causing an internal short circuit and subsequent thermal runaway. Therefore, the fire and explosion-proof components of the energy storage cabinet should be cooled within 30 seconds. A battery cell in the battery module 2 is destroyed by artificial external force, resulting in rapid temperature rise. The battery cell temperature Tc rises to 60°C in about 15 seconds, and the fire and explosion prevention mode is immediately operated. The flow rate of ultra-low temperature industrial brine in the fire and explosion-proof pipeline is ^1.8m3 /h. The high-pressure nozzle can quickly liquid to the first water level line I within 8 seconds, stop injecting liquid, and soak for ten minutes. It is detected that the battery cell temperature Tc is about 30°C at this time.

超低温液体冷媒开始注入后5秒内，即使没有到达第一水位线Ⅰ，该电池单体的温度Tc也会开始下降或者停止上升，若电池单体温度Tc没有下降且继续上升，会在25秒左右上升至80℃，此时高压喷嘴62持续注入超低温液体冷媒，防火防爆管路的工业盐水流速为1.8m ³/h，高压喷嘴开启后可在10S内快速注满一个电池模组2，即液位到达第二水位线Ⅱ，同时打开该电池单体21的安全阀，检测此时该电池单体的温度Tc在30℃左右。如果其他7个电池模组同时出现同样的情况，配设的水箱内的水量足够用于浸没8个电池模组的电池单体，保证了足够的防火防爆水源。 Within 5 seconds after the ultra-low temperature liquid refrigerant begins to be injected, even if it does not reach the first water level line I, the temperature Tc of the battery cell will begin to drop or stop rising. If the battery cell temperature Tc does not drop and continues to rise, it will rise to 80°C in about 25 seconds. At this time, the high-pressure nozzle 62 continues to inject ultra-low temperature liquid refrigerant. The industrial brine flow rate of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline is ^1.8m3 /h. After the high-pressure nozzle is turned on, it can quickly fill a battery module 2 within 10S, that is, the liquid level reaches the second water level line II. At the same time, the safety valve of the battery cell 21 is opened, and the temperature Tc of the battery cell is detected to be around 30°C at this time. If the same situation occurs in the other 7 battery modules at the same time, the water in the water tank is sufficient to immerse the battery cells of the 8 battery modules, ensuring sufficient fireproof and explosion-proof water sources.

在其它实施例中，如果电池模组设置的较多，如多于8个时，且同时所有电池模组均出现有电池单体温度高于60℃时，可以在运行防火防爆模式时，对水箱的液体冷媒进行补充，同时开启制冷压缩机进行快速制冷。In other embodiments, if there are more battery modules, such as more than 8, and at the same time all battery modules have battery cell temperatures higher than 60°C, the liquid refrigerant in the water tank can be replenished when operating in the fire and explosion protection mode, and the refrigeration compressor can be turned on for rapid cooling.

本发明提供的双防储能柜可有效的通过廉价环保的液体冷媒维持能量平衡且环保，发明人通过大量实验发现，本储能柜并不需现有技术中的15%以上的工业盐浓度，即可实现高效的维持液体状态从而实现控温保持较佳的工作稳定状态，这与本发明提供的防高温组件5和防火防爆组件6的结构设计呈协同效益。The double-protection energy storage cabinet provided by the present invention can effectively maintain energy balance and is environmentally friendly through cheap and environmentally friendly liquid refrigerants. The inventors have found through a large number of experiments that the energy storage cabinet does not require an industrial salt concentration of more than 15% in the prior art to achieve efficient maintenance of the liquid state and thus achieve temperature control to maintain a better working stable state. This is synergistic with the structural design of the high-temperature protection component 5 and the fire and explosion protection component 6 provided by the present invention.

上述实施案例只是本发明的较佳实施例，并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制。虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上，然而并非用以限定本发明。因此，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰，均应落在本发明技术方案保护的范围。The above implementation cases are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as above with preferred embodiments, they are not intended to limit the present invention. Therefore, any simple modification, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

一种双防储能柜，其特征在于，包括柜体、储能模块、双防模块，所述储能模块和双防模块设于柜体内；A double-protection energy storage cabinet, characterized in that it comprises a cabinet body, an energy storage module, and a double-protection module, wherein the energy storage module and the double-protection module are arranged in the cabinet body;

根据权利要求1所述的双防储能柜，其特征在于，所述电池模组包括抽屉柜和多个电池单体，多个所述电池单体串联成排布置在抽屉柜内，每个所述抽屉柜内固定设有至少两排电池单体，相邻两排电池单体之间间隔布设；所述抽屉柜的四侧壁以及底板的连接缝处做防水处理，所述抽屉柜的四侧壁的高度高于电池单体的高度。The double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 1 is characterized in that the battery module includes a drawer cabinet and a plurality of battery cells, and the plurality of battery cells are arranged in series in rows in the drawer cabinet, and at least two rows of battery cells are fixedly provided in each of the drawer cabinets, and the battery cells in two adjacent rows are arranged at intervals; the four side walls of the drawer cabinet and the connecting seams of the bottom plate are waterproofed, and the height of the four side walls of the drawer cabinet is higher than the height of the battery cells.

根据权利要求2所述的双防储能柜，其特征在于，所述换热件采用换热器和抽风扇组合且设置在柜体的顶部，所述抽气扇设置在抽屉柜的一侧壁上，所述抽屉柜与抽气扇相对的一侧壁设有通风孔；经换热器换热后的冷气通过抽风扇吹入所有抽屉柜的一侧空腔内，再流经通风孔进入抽屉柜内进行降温，通过抽气扇排出形成散热通道。The double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 2 is characterized in that the heat exchange component is a combination of a heat exchanger and an exhaust fan and is arranged on the top of the cabinet body, the exhaust fan is arranged on a side wall of the drawer cabinet, and a side wall of the drawer cabinet opposite to the exhaust fan is provided with a ventilation hole; the cold air after heat exchange by the heat exchanger is blown into a cavity on one side of all the drawer cabinets through the exhaust fan, and then flows through the ventilation hole into the drawer cabinet for cooling, and is discharged through the exhaust fan to form a heat dissipation channel.

根据权利要求3所述的双防储能柜，其特征在于，所述水箱设有制冷压缩机，所述水箱设有出水管路和入水管路，所述出水管路设有增压泵，所述防高温管路设有进水管和出水管，所述进水管与出水管路和换热器的进水口连接，所述出水管与入水管路和换热器的出水口连接。The double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 3 is characterized in that the water tank is provided with a refrigeration compressor, the water tank is provided with a water outlet pipeline and a water inlet pipeline, the water outlet pipeline is provided with a booster pump, the high temperature protection pipeline is provided with a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected to the water outlet pipeline and the water inlet of the heat exchanger, and the water outlet pipe is connected to the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet of the heat exchanger.

根据权利要求4所述的双防储能柜，其特征在于，所述防火防爆组件还包括主管道和电磁阀，所述主管道与出水管路连通，所述防火防爆管路一端通过主管道与水箱连通，另一端连接电磁阀和高压喷嘴。The double-proof energy storage cabinet according to claim 4 is characterized in that the fireproof and explosion-proof component also includes a main pipeline and a solenoid valve, the main pipeline is connected to the water outlet pipeline, one end of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline is connected to the water tank through the main pipeline, and the other end is connected to the solenoid valve and the high-pressure nozzle.

根据权利要求4所述的双防储能柜，其特征在于，所述防火防爆管路的一段贯穿抽屉柜一侧壁且电磁阀和高压喷嘴分别设置在抽屉柜侧壁的内外两侧。The double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 4 is characterized in that a section of the fireproof and explosion-proof pipeline runs through a side wall of the drawer cabinet and the solenoid valve and the high-pressure nozzle are respectively arranged on the inner and outer sides of the side wall of the drawer cabinet.

一种双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防控方法采用权利要求3～6任一项所述的双防储能柜；所述防控方法实时监测电池模组温度Ti和每个电池单体温度Tc，根据电池模组的温度Ti和电池单体的温度Tc选择工作模式，工作模式至少包括防高温模式、防火防爆模式。A prevention and control method for a double-protection energy storage cabinet, characterized in that the prevention and control method adopts the double-protection energy storage cabinet according to any one of claims 3 to 6; the prevention and control method monitors the battery module temperature Ti and each battery cell temperature Tc in real time, and selects a working mode according to the battery module temperature Ti and the battery cell temperature Tc, and the working mode at least includes a high temperature protection mode and a fire and explosion protection mode.

根据权利要求7所述的双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防高温模式、防火防爆模式不同时进行。The prevention and control method of the double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 7 is characterized in that the high temperature protection mode and the fire and explosion protection mode are not performed at the same time.

根据权利要求7所述的双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防控方法中水箱内设有低温液体冷媒，所述低温液体冷媒的温度低于20℃。The prevention and control method of the double-defense energy storage cabinet according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the prevention and control method, a low-temperature liquid refrigerant is provided in the water tank, and the temperature of the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is lower than 20°C.

根据权利要求9所述的双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防高温模式为：设置防高温温度为T1，监测电池模组温度Ti，当Ti>T1且低于最低的防火防爆温度时，运行防高温模式。The prevention and control method of the double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 9 is characterized in that the high temperature protection mode is: setting the high temperature protection temperature to T1, monitoring the battery module temperature Ti, and when Ti>T1 and lower than the lowest fire and explosion prevention temperature, running the high temperature protection mode.

根据权利要求10所述的双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述水箱与防高温管路连通，同时开启换热件，柜体内形成由水箱内的低温液体冷媒经换热件换热后的低温冷气；通过抽气扇的运行，低温冷气经由通风孔流转至抽屉柜内，通过抽气扇排出形成散热通道。The prevention and control method of the double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 10 is characterized in that the water tank is connected to the high-temperature protection pipeline, and the heat exchanger is turned on at the same time, so that low-temperature cold air is formed in the cabinet after heat exchange by the heat exchanger from the low-temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank; through the operation of the exhaust fan, the low-temperature cold air flows into the drawer cabinet through the ventilation hole, and is discharged through the exhaust fan to form a heat dissipation channel.

根据权利要求9所述的双防储能柜的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防火防爆模式包括以下步骤：The prevention and control method of the double-protection energy storage cabinet according to claim 9 is characterized in that the fire and explosion prevention mode comprises the following steps:

根据权利要求12所述的防控方法，其特征在于，每个所述电池单体外套设一防水套，所述电池单体顶部的电极和安全阀露出防水套。The prevention and control method according to claim 12 is characterized in that a waterproof cover is disposed outside each battery cell, and the electrodes and the safety valve on the top of the battery cell are exposed from the waterproof cover.

根据权利要求9所述的防控方法，其特征在于，所述防高温模式或者防火防爆模式之前预先将水箱内的常温液体冷媒通过制冷件制成零下20℃的低温液体冷媒，通过融冰剂使低温液体冷媒维持液体状态。The prevention and control method according to claim 9 is characterized in that before the high temperature prevention mode or the fire and explosion prevention mode, the room temperature liquid refrigerant in the water tank is pre-processed into a low-temperature liquid refrigerant of minus 20°C through a refrigeration component, and the low-temperature liquid refrigerant is maintained in a liquid state through an ice melting agent.

根据权利要求14所述的防控方法，其特征在于，所述融冰剂为工业盐。The prevention and control method according to claim 14 is characterized in that the ice melting agent is industrial salt.