WO2024016232A1 - 驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法 - Google Patents

驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024016232A1
WO2024016232A1 PCT/CN2022/106860 CN2022106860W WO2024016232A1 WO 2024016232 A1 WO2024016232 A1 WO 2024016232A1 CN 2022106860 W CN2022106860 W CN 2022106860W WO 2024016232 A1 WO2024016232 A1 WO 2024016232A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
display
terminal
control circuit
storage capacitor
control module
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/106860
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
谢云燕
陈立春
余新波
陈南廷
程前庚
陈俊生
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
重庆京东方智慧电子***有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 重庆京东方智慧电子***有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to PCT/CN2022/106860 priority Critical patent/WO2024016232A1/zh
Priority to CN202280002266.2A priority patent/CN117751365A/zh
Publication of WO2024016232A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024016232A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technology, and in particular, to a driving circuit, a display device and a driving method.
  • Electronic paper display technology mainly uses the principle of electrophoresis display (EPD) to drive dyed particles of different electrical properties to move through an electric field, and finally displays the color of the particles on the display side. After the power is turned off, the dyed particles can still maintain their position and show "steady state”. Therefore, the electronic paper display device has the effects of eye protection and power saving.
  • EPD electrophoresis display
  • the present disclosure provides a driving circuit, including: an induction coil, a first switch module, a first control circuit and a second control circuit;
  • the induction coil is used to receive a first radio frequency signal or a second radio frequency signal to provide power to the driving circuit;
  • the first switch module is respectively connected to the induction coil, the first control circuit and the second control circuit, and is used to conduct the induction coil and the first control circuit in the first state. , or in the second state, the induction coil and the second control circuit are connected;
  • the first control circuit is used for data transmission with a first terminal in the first state; the first terminal is a terminal that transmits the first radio frequency signal;
  • the second control circuit is also connected to the display unit, and is used to receive display data sent by the second terminal in the second state, and control the display unit to display according to the display data; the third
  • the second terminal is a terminal that transmits the second radio frequency signal.
  • the first switch module includes at least one of the following: a reed switch, a tact switch and a toggle switch.
  • the second control circuit includes: a power supply control module, a storage capacitor and a display control module;
  • the power supply control module is connected to the first switch module, the storage capacitor and the display control module respectively, and is used to collect the second electric energy generated by the induction coil receiving the second radio frequency signal, Store the second electrical energy into the storage capacitor, and when the storage voltage of the storage capacitor meets the power supply condition, control the storage capacitor to be connected to the display control module;
  • the display control module is also connected to the display unit and is used to control the display unit to display according to the display data driven by the storage voltage.
  • the power supply control module includes a processing unit, a voltage comparator and a second switch module;
  • the processing unit is respectively connected to the first switch module, the storage capacitor, the voltage comparator and the second switch module, and is used to collect the second electrical energy and store the second electrical energy. into the storage capacitor; generating a control signal of the second switch module according to the comparison result output by the voltage comparator;
  • the voltage comparator is also connected to the storage capacitor and the reference voltage input terminal, and is used to compare the storage voltage with the reference voltage input by the reference voltage input terminal, and output the comparison result to the processing unit;
  • the second switch module is also connected to the storage capacitor and the display control module, and is used to control on or off between the storage capacitor and the display control module according to the control signal.
  • the second switch module includes:
  • the first transistor has a control electrode connected to the processing unit, a first electrode connected to the storage capacitor, and a second electrode connected to the display control module.
  • the display control module includes a second transistor, a current limiting resistor, a boost circuit and a driver chip;
  • control electrode of the second transistor is connected to the driver chip, the first electrode is connected to the boost circuit, and the second electrode is connected to the first end of the current limiting resistor and the driver chip respectively;
  • the boost circuit is also connected to the first interface and the second interface of the power supply control module and the driver chip, and is used to drive the voltage according to the output of the first pole of the second transistor under the driving of the storage voltage. , perform voltage writing on the first interface and the second interface;
  • the second end of the current limiting resistor is connected to ground;
  • the driver chip is also connected to the display unit and configured to provide a pulse signal to the display unit according to the display data, the voltage of the first interface and the voltage of the second interface.
  • the first control circuit includes a passive electronic tag.
  • the present disclosure provides a display device, including a display unit, and any one of the driving circuits connected to the display unit.
  • the display unit includes electronic paper.
  • the present disclosure provides a driving method, applied to any of the driving circuits described in any one of the above, and the driving method includes:
  • the induction coil receives a first radio frequency signal, and data transmission is performed between the first control circuit and the first terminal;
  • the induction coil receives a second radio frequency signal
  • the second control circuit receives the display data sent by the second terminal, and controls the display unit to display according to the display data.
  • the step of transmitting data with the first terminal includes:
  • the step of receiving display data sent by the second terminal includes:
  • the display data is received in response to the data write request.
  • the step of controlling the display unit to perform display according to the display data includes:
  • control the display unit to display according to the display data
  • step of receiving the display data sent by the second terminal and before the step of controlling the display unit to display according to the display data it also includes:
  • the display unit is controlled to display according to the display data.
  • the steps before also include:
  • the power supply control module collects the second electrical energy generated by the induction coil receiving the second radio frequency signal, and stores the second electrical energy into the storage capacitor;
  • the storage capacitor is controlled to be connected to the display control module, so that the display control module is driven by the storage voltage and controls the display unit to display according to the display data; wherein , the first time is a time delayed by a preset time length relative to the second time, and the preset time length is greater than or equal to 0s, and the second time is a time when the storage voltage of the storage capacitor is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, The reference voltage is greater than or equal to the operating voltage of the display control module.
  • the display unit includes a plurality of pixel units, the pixel units include pixel electrodes and at least two dyed particles of different colors, the pixel electrodes are used to provide movement of the dyed particles.
  • the electric field; the step of controlling the display unit to display according to the display data includes:
  • a first pulse signal is provided to the pixel electrode to make the dye particles stationary;
  • a second pulse signal is provided to the pixel electrode to disperse dye particles of different colors from each other;
  • a third pulse signal is provided to the pixel electrode according to the display data, so that the dye particles move under the action of the electric field to display the picture;
  • the sum of the durations of the balancing phase, the shaking phase and the displaying phase is less than or equal to 15 seconds.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows the structural diagram of a driving circuit provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 2 schematically shows a schematic structural diagram of the second control circuit provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a structural diagram of an example of a driving circuit provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 4 schematically shows a schematic diagram of the power supply structure of a driving circuit provided by the present disclosure
  • Figure 5 schematically shows a structural diagram of setting a toggle switch on the card
  • Figure 6 schematically shows a flow chart of data transmission between the first control circuit and the first terminal
  • Figure 7 schematically shows a flow chart of data transmission between the second control circuit and the second terminal
  • FIG. 8 schematically shows a pulse waveform diagram for driving the display unit to perform refresh display.
  • Electronic badges mainly include active badges and passive badges.
  • active badges are usually powered by batteries.
  • batteries are not environmentally friendly, and due to the large size of the battery itself, the appearance and weight of such badges are limited.
  • Passive badges use radio frequency induction such as Near Field Communication (NFC) to convert magnetic energy into electrical energy to replace traditional battery power supply. Therefore, passive badges are green, environmentally friendly, and low power consumption, and have been widely used. research and application.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the present disclosure provides a driving circuit.
  • a schematic structural diagram of the driving circuit provided by the present disclosure is schematically shown.
  • the driving circuit includes: an induction coil 11 , a first switch module 12 , a first control circuit 13 and a second control circuit 14 .
  • the induction coil 11 is used to receive the first radio frequency signal or the second radio frequency signal to provide power to the driving circuit.
  • the first switch module 12 is connected to the induction coil 11, the first control circuit 13 and the second control circuit 14 respectively, and is used to conduct the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 in the first state, or in the second state Next, the induction coil 11 and the second control circuit 14 are connected.
  • the first control circuit 13 is used for data transmission with the first terminal in the first state; the first terminal is a terminal that transmits the first radio frequency signal.
  • the second control circuit 14 is also connected to the display unit 10, and is used to receive the display data sent by the second terminal in the second state, and control the display unit 10 to display according to the display data; the second terminal transmits the second radio frequency signal terminal.
  • the driving circuit provided by the present disclosure, by setting the first control circuit 13 and the second control circuit 14, these two different control circuits can be used to realize the two functions of card swiping and driving display respectively.
  • the first control circuit 13 is used to realize For the card swiping function
  • the second control circuit 14 is used to realize the function of driving the display screen for display, which can improve the reliability and applicability of the two functions.
  • a card compatible with the personalized refresh display function and the card swiping function can be designed.
  • first control circuit 13 and the second control circuit 14 share the same induction coil 11, and the first switch module 12 controls the conduction between the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13, or the induction coil 11 and the second control circuit. 14 are connected to each other, so that the card swiping function and the driving display function can be switched. This can avoid the signal interference problem caused by the two control circuits setting the induction coils 11 respectively.
  • the first control circuit 13 may include a passive electronic tag.
  • the second control circuit 14 may include a CPU or MCU.
  • passive electronic tags that is, passive tags
  • passive tags have strong anti-interference capabilities.
  • the electronic tag When the passive electronic tag is far away from the first terminal, the electronic tag is in a passive state and cannot send or receive data; when the passive electronic tag is close to the first terminal, the electronic tag obtains electric energy through the induction coil 11 and communicates with it. Data transmission is performed between the first terminals.
  • setting up passive electronic tags alone can make the card more sensitive and adapt to a wider field strength range of card readers, which can meet the requirements of 99% of card readers on the market.
  • the card reading function is more adaptable.
  • the induction coil 11 receives the first radio frequency signal transmitted by the first terminal (such as a card reader with NFC function, including access control, card swiping machine, etc.). Due to electromagnetic induction, the induction coil can convert the first radio frequency signal The magnetic energy in the circuit is converted into first electrical energy, and the first electrical energy is used to drive the first control circuit 13, thereby realizing power supply to the first control circuit 13.
  • the first terminal such as a card reader with NFC function, including access control, card swiping machine, etc.
  • data transmission can be performed between the first control circuit 13 and the first terminal.
  • the first control circuit 13 may send the first identity information to the first terminal; the first terminal combines the first identity information with The data stored in the first terminal is matched, and authority information is generated according to the matching result and sent to the first control circuit 13; the first control circuit 13 receives the authority information fed back by the first terminal.
  • the permission information is used to instruct the driving circuit to obtain permission or disable permission, thereby realizing the card swiping function.
  • the induction coil 11 receives the second radio frequency signal transmitted by the second terminal (such as a mobile phone with NFC function or a card reader, etc.). Due to electromagnetic induction, the induction coil 11 can absorb the magnetic energy in the second radio frequency signal. The second electrical energy is converted into second electrical energy, and the second electrical energy is used to drive the second control circuit 14 , thereby realizing power supply to the second control circuit 14 .
  • the second terminal such as a mobile phone with NFC function or a card reader, etc.
  • the second control circuit 14 can receive the display data sent by the second terminal.
  • the second control circuit 14 and the second terminal complete the protocol (such as NFC protocol) instructions
  • the second control circuit 14 can send the second identity information to the second terminal; the second terminal determines based on the second identity information Whether there is a data writing requirement, if so, a data writing request is sent to the second control circuit 14; the second control circuit 14 responds to the data writing request, receives display data, and controls the display unit 10 to display according to the display data.
  • the first state may be set as the default state. That is, in the default state, the first switch module 12 conducts the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 to realize the card swiping function.
  • the first switch module 12 is switched from the first state to the second state, so that the first switch module 12 conducts the induction coil 11 and the second control circuit 14 to realize the refresh display function. .
  • first switch module 12 includes a passive switch. Further, the first switch module 12 may include at least one of the following: a reed switch, a tact switch and a toggle switch.
  • magnetic attraction can be used to control the conduction between the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 or the second control circuit 14 .
  • the first switch module 12 includes a reed switch. The reed switch can switch from the default first state to the second state under the action of an external magnetic field.
  • a magnet can be provided on the second terminal to generate a magnetic field that changes the reed switch state.
  • a designated second terminal such as a designated card reader/writer
  • the reed switch In the default state, the reed switch conducts the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13.
  • the automatic switching can be realized by approaching the designated second terminal (such as the second terminal with a magnet), without Manual operation.
  • the thickness of the reed switch is relatively large, generally about 2.5cm, the thickness of the corresponding drive circuit and the card using the drive circuit will also be relatively large, possibly reaching 5.5cm.
  • pressing can be used to control the conduction between the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 or the second control circuit 14 .
  • the first switch module 12 includes a tactile switch. The tact switch can be switched from the default first state to the second state under the action of external pressure.
  • the tact switch In the default state, the tact switch conducts the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13. When it is necessary to switch from the default first state to the second state, the tact switch can be pressed, and the switch can be restored after releasing the pressure. First state.
  • tact switch Since the tact switch is relatively high, in order to avoid accidentally touching it, a matching shell can be designed to protect it. Compared with the solution using reed switches, using tact switches can reduce costs. Since there is no need to set up a magnet on the second terminal, it is easier to implement and has a wider scope of application. It can also avoid unstable performance of the reed switch. causing the switch to fail.
  • a toggle method can be used to control the conduction between the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 or the second control circuit 14 .
  • the first switch module 12 includes a toggle switch. The toggle switch can be switched from the default first state to the second state under the action of external force.
  • the toggle switch In the default state, the toggle switch conducts the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13. When it is necessary to switch to the second state, this can be achieved by turning the handle of the toggle switch.
  • the toggle switch may be a side-type toggle switch (as shown in FIG. 5 ).
  • using toggle switches can reduce costs. Since there is no need to set up a magnet on the second terminal, it is easier to implement and has a wider scope of application. It can also avoid unstable performance of the reed switch. The problem that causes switch failure can reduce the thickness of the driving circuit and the card using the driving circuit. Compared with the solution using touch switches, the operation is more convenient.
  • the toggle switch is set on the back shell of the card. Turning the switch handle to the state on the left can realize the card swiping function, and turning it to the state on the right can realize the function of refreshing the display screen.
  • the first switch module 12 may also include a push-button switch, which realizes switching between the card swiping function and the display screen refreshing function by pressing the button or the restore button; it may also include a rotating button switch, which can be switched by rotating the button or the restoring button. way to achieve switching between the card swiping function and the display screen refreshing function; other switches that can realize the conduction switching function between the induction coil 11 and the first control circuit 13 or the second control circuit 14 may also be included, and the details may be based on actual needs and The structure of the driving circuit is determined, and this disclosure does not limit it.
  • the second state can also be set as the default state, which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the second control circuit 14 includes: a power supply control module 21 , a storage capacitor 22 and a display control module 23 .
  • the power supply control module 21 is connected to the first switch module 12 (not shown in Figure 2), the storage capacitor 22 and the display control module 23 respectively, and is used to collect the induction coil 11 (not shown in Figure 2) to receive the second
  • the second electrical energy generated by the radio frequency signal is stored in the storage capacitor 22, and when the storage voltage of the storage capacitor 22 meets the power supply condition, the storage capacitor 22 is controlled to be connected to the display control module 23.
  • the display control module 23 is also connected to the display unit 10 and is used to control the display unit 10 to display according to the display data driven by the storage voltage.
  • the moment when the storage voltage of the storage capacitor 22 is greater than or equal to the reference voltage is the second moment, and the moment delayed by a preset time relative to the second moment can be considered as the moment when the storage voltage meets the power supply condition.
  • the preset time period may be greater than or equal to 0s, and the reference voltage may be greater than or equal to the working voltage of the display control module.
  • the preset time period may be, for example, 20 ⁇ s.
  • the power supply control module 21 includes a processing unit 211 , a voltage comparator 212 and a second switch module 213 .
  • the processing unit 211 is connected to the first switch module 12 (not shown in Figure 2), the storage capacitor 22, the voltage comparator 212 and the second switch module 213 respectively, and is used to collect the second electric energy and store the second electric energy to In the storage capacitor 22, the control signal of the second switch module 213 is generated according to the comparison result output by the voltage comparator 212.
  • the voltage comparator 212 is also connected to the storage capacitor 22 and the reference voltage input terminal REF, for comparing the storage voltage with the reference voltage input by the reference voltage input terminal REF, and outputting the comparison result to the processing unit 211 .
  • the second switch module 213 is also connected to the storage capacitor 22 and the display control module 23, and is used to control on or off between the storage capacitor 22 and the display control module 23 according to the control signal.
  • the processing unit 211 includes a CPU chip (IC 101 shown in FIG. 3 ) or an MCU chip.
  • the second switch module 213 includes: a first transistor T1, a control electrode G1 connected to the processing unit 211, a first electrode S1 connected to the storage capacitor 22, and a second electrode D1 connected to the display control module 23. connect.
  • the display control module 23 includes a second transistor T2 , a current limiting resistor RS, a boost circuit 31 and a driver chip 32 .
  • the second transistor T2 and the control electrode G2 are connected to the driver chip 32, the first electrode S2 is connected to the boost circuit 31, and the second electrode D2 is connected to the first end of the current limiting resistor RS and the driver chip 32 respectively.
  • the boost circuit 31 is also connected to the first interface (such as PREVGH) and the second interface (such as PREVGL) of the power supply control module 21 and the driver chip 32, and is used to drive the voltage according to the first pole of the second transistor T2 under the driving of the storage voltage.
  • the output of S2 writes voltage to the first interface and the second interface.
  • the second terminal of the current limiting resistor RS is connected to ground.
  • the driver chip 32 is also connected to the display unit 10 and is used to provide pulse signals to the display unit 10 according to the display data, the voltage of the first interface and the voltage of the second interface.
  • the boost circuit 31 may include an inductor L1, a first capacitor C1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a first diode Q1, a second diode Q2 and a third diode Q3.
  • the connection circuit is as shown in 3 shown.
  • the stray capacitance value of the second transistor T2 is less than or equal to 100 picofarads.
  • the maximum stray capacitance value of the second transistor T2 is less than or equal to 90 picofarad, 80 picofarad, 70 picofarad, 60 picofarad, 50 picofarad, 40 picofarad, 30 picofarad, 20 picofarad or 10 picofarad. etc., this disclosure does not limit this.
  • the switching speed of the second transistor T2 can be increased, the switching time can be reduced, the energy loss caused during the switching process can be reduced, and the power supply voltage of the driving chip 32 can be ensured during the refresh display process.
  • the working voltage such as 2.2V
  • the resistance of the current limiting resistor RS is greater than or equal to 1 ohm and less than or equal to 5 ohms.
  • the resistance of the current limiting resistor RS may be 1.2 ohm, 1.5 ohm, 1.6 ohm, 1.8 ohm, 2.0 ohm, 2.2 ohm, 2.4 ohm or 3.0 ohm, etc., which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the peak current of the driver chip 32 during the display refresh process will also decrease accordingly.
  • the peak current of the driver chip 32 during the refresh display process can be reduced, and the loss during the refresh process can be reduced.
  • the partial voltage of the current-limiting resistor RS can be reduced to ensure that the driver chip 32 can be driven during the refresh display process.
  • the power supply voltage of the chip 32 is above the working voltage (such as 2.2V), which avoids screen refresh failure caused by insufficient power supply of the driver chip 32, improves the screen refresh success rate, and enhances user experience.
  • the driver chip 32 may be bound to the display unit 10 , and other parts of the display control module 23 may be located on the printed circuit board.
  • one end of the storage capacitor 22 is connected to the processing unit 211 , the voltage comparator 212 and the second switch module 213 respectively, and the other end is connected to ground.
  • the storage capacitor 22 may include at least one of the following: a ceramic capacitor and a farad capacitor. That is, the storage capacitor 22 may include a ceramic capacitor, a Farad capacitor, or a ceramic capacitor and a Farad capacitor connected in parallel.
  • Farad capacitors Since the thickness of Farad capacitors is generally above 3mm, the use of Farad capacitors may result in the overall thickness of the product being thicker. Using ceramic capacitors instead of farad capacitors can reduce product size and cost, making the product lighter, thinner and easier to carry. It can also improve the stability and reliability of capacitor power supply.
  • the number of storage capacitors 22 may be one or multiple in parallel (as shown in FIG. 3 ), which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the second control circuit 14 may also include a communication module (not shown in the figure).
  • the communication module may be used to convert and transmit display data, and is connected to the processing unit 211 through an I2C bus (Inter-Integrated Circuit). .
  • the second control circuit 14 may also include a memory (not shown in the figure), which may be used to store display data and be connected to the processing unit 211 through a serial peripheral interface (SPI). Communication, data transmission.
  • a memory not shown in the figure
  • SPI serial peripheral interface
  • the induction coil 11 receives the second radio frequency signal and can convert the magnetic energy in the second radio frequency signal into electrical energy, that is, the second electrical energy.
  • the second electrical energy can be stored in the storage capacitor 22, thereby replacing the traditional battery.
  • the power supply control module 21, the display control module 23, the communication module and the memory are supplied with power.
  • the present disclosure also provides a display device.
  • the display device includes a display unit 10 and a driving circuit provided in any embodiment connected to the display unit 10 .
  • the display device has the advantages of the aforementioned driving circuit.
  • the display unit 10 includes electronic paper.
  • Electronic paper is used for screen display to achieve real-time updating of display information, which has the advantages of environmental protection, low power consumption and eye protection.
  • the display unit 10 may include electronic paper capable of three-color display, black, white, and red, so that the display unit 10 can achieve color display, and a color display badge can be implemented.
  • the display device provided by the present disclosure can be any product or component with a display function such as a bedside card, an infusion card, an electronic table card, an e-book, an electronic display card, an electronic badge, an electronic label, a bus stop sign, etc.
  • a display function such as a bedside card, an infusion card, an electronic table card, an e-book, an electronic display card, an electronic badge, an electronic label, a bus stop sign, etc.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are suitable for This is not limited.
  • the present disclosure also provides a driving method, which is applied to the driving circuit provided in any embodiment.
  • the driving method includes:
  • Step S01 In the first state, the induction coil 11 receives the first radio frequency signal, and data is transmitted between the first control circuit 13 and the first terminal.
  • Step S02 In the second state, the induction coil 11 receives the second radio frequency signal, the second control circuit 14 receives the display data sent by the second terminal, and controls the display unit 10 to display according to the display data.
  • the step of transmitting data with the first terminal may include: sending the first identity information to the first terminal, and receiving permission information fed back by the first terminal; wherein the permission information is provided by the first terminal.
  • a terminal is generated based on the first identity information and is used to instruct the driving circuit to obtain permission or disable permission.
  • the first control circuit 13 when the first control circuit 13 detects the first radio frequency signal, the first control circuit 13 matches the protocol (such as NFC protocol) instructions with the first terminal. After completing the protocol instruction matching, the first control circuit 13 and the first terminal Data transmission is performed between the first terminals.
  • protocol such as NFC protocol
  • Step 601 Does the first control circuit detect the first radio frequency signal? If yes, execute step 602; if not, execute step 601 again.
  • Step 602 The first control circuit sends the first identity information to the first terminal.
  • Step 603 The first terminal matches the first identity information with the information stored in the first terminal.
  • Step 604 Determine whether the match is successful? If yes, perform step 605; if not, perform step 606.
  • Step 605 The first control circuit obtains authority.
  • Step 606 The first control circuit disables authority.
  • the step of receiving the display data sent by the second terminal may include: first sending the second identity information to the second terminal, so that the second terminal determines whether to send data writing based on the second identity information. request; and then receive display data in response to the data writing request sent by the second terminal.
  • step S02 the step of controlling the display unit 10 to perform display according to the display data may include: if the reception of the display data is completed, controlling the display unit 10 to perform display according to the display data.
  • step S02 after the step of receiving the display data sent by the second terminal and before the step of controlling the display unit 10 to display according to the display data, it may also include: if the display data reception is interrupted and the number of receptions is If the number of times is less than the preset number, the step of receiving the display data sent by the second terminal is re-executed; if the reception of the display data is interrupted and the number of receptions is greater than or equal to the preset number, information of data transmission failure is fed back.
  • step S02 after the step of controlling the display unit 10 to perform display according to the display data, it may also include: if the refresh display of the display unit 10 is interrupted, feeding back refresh failure information.
  • the second control circuit 14 when the second control circuit 14 detects the second radio frequency signal, the second control circuit 14 matches the protocol (such as NFC protocol) instructions with the second terminal. After completing the protocol instruction matching, the second control circuit 14 and the second terminal Data transmission between second terminals.
  • the protocol such as NFC protocol
  • FIG. 7 a schematic flowchart of data transmission between the second control circuit 14 and the second terminal is exemplarily shown, which may specifically include:
  • Step 701 Does the second control circuit detect the second radio frequency signal? If yes, execute step 702; if not, execute step 701 again.
  • Step 702 The second control circuit sends the second identity information to the second terminal.
  • Step 703 The second control circuit determines whether a data write request is received? If yes, execute step 704; if not, execute step 701 again.
  • Step 704 The second control circuit receives the display data sent by the second terminal.
  • Step 705 Determine whether the display data has been received? If yes, perform step 706; if not, perform step 708.
  • Step 706 The second control circuit controls the display unit to display.
  • Step 707 Determine whether the display unit is completed? If yes, the process can be ended; if not, step 710 is executed.
  • Step 708 Determine whether the number of receptions i ⁇ 3 is established? If yes, perform step 704 again; if not, perform step 709. Among them, the default number is 3.
  • Step 709 Feedback transmission fails.
  • Step 710 Feedback refresh failed.
  • the second control circuit 14 includes the power supply control module 21, the storage capacitor 22 and the display control module 23, in step S02, before controlling the display unit 10 to perform display according to the display data, it may also include:
  • Step S11 In the second state, the power supply control module 21 collects the second electric energy generated by the induction coil 11 receiving the second radio frequency signal, and stores the second electric energy in the storage capacitor 22.
  • Step S12 At the first moment, control the storage capacitor 22 to be connected to the display control module 23, so that the display control module 23 is driven by the storage voltage and controls the display unit 10 to display according to the display data; wherein, the first moment is The second moment is delayed by a preset time period, which is greater than or equal to 0s.
  • the second moment is the moment when the storage voltage of the storage capacitor 22 is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, and the reference voltage is greater than or equal to the display control module or driver chip. Operating Voltage.
  • the storage capacitor 22 and the display control module 23 are controlled to be connected to ensure that the driver chip 32 can operate normally after the connection.
  • the preset time is greater than 0 s, that is, after the storage voltage is greater than or equal to the reference voltage, the preset time is delayed again, so that the storage capacitor 22 stores more electric energy.
  • the preset time is delayed again, so that the storage capacitor 22 stores more electric energy.
  • the preset time length may be 20 ⁇ s, 10 ⁇ s, etc., which is not limited in this disclosure.
  • the display unit 10 includes a plurality of pixel units, each pixel unit includes a pixel electrode and at least two dye particles of different colors, and the pixel electrode is used to provide an electric field to move the dye particles.
  • step S02 the step of controlling the display unit 10 to display according to the display data may include:
  • Step S21 In the balancing stage, provide a first pulse signal to the pixel electrode to make the dye particles stationary.
  • Step S22 During the shaking stage, provide a second pulse signal to the pixel electrode to disperse dye particles of different colors from each other.
  • Step S23 In the display stage, a third pulse signal is provided to the pixel electrode according to the display data, so that the dye particles move under the action of the electric field to display the picture.
  • the sum of the durations of the balancing phase, shaking phase and display phase is less than or equal to 15 seconds.
  • the total duration of the balancing phase, shaking phase and display phase may be less than or equal to 10 seconds.
  • electronic ink screen display devices include dyed particles in three colors: black, white, and red.
  • the black particles are generally prepared by modifying carbon black and are positively charged; the white particles are prepared by modifying titanium dioxide. It is negatively charged; the red particles are prepared by modification of iron oxide and other compounds and are positively charged. Since black particles and red particles have the same charge, if the two particles have similar masses and charges, when driven with the same voltage, the two particles will move at similar speeds. In this case, it is difficult to display the two particles separately.
  • the red particles can be designed to have greater mass than the black particles.
  • black particles are light in mass, so their relative motion speed is fast; at the same time, during drive design, the driving voltage of black particles can be larger than the driving voltage of red particles, so that the movement speed of black particles is further accelerated. In this way, the movement speed of red particles and black particles can be distinguished, thereby achieving different color displays.
  • the black particle driving voltage can be greater than or equal to 11V and less than or equal to 15V
  • the white particle driving voltage can be greater than or equal to -15V and less than or equal to -11V
  • the red particle driving voltage can be greater than or equal to -15V and less than or equal to -11V.
  • the voltage can be greater than or equal to 4V and less than or equal to 7V.
  • stage1 Black and white particle balance. Stage1 mainly compensates for the charge balance of black and white particles in the entire driving waveform, so that after the picture is displayed statically, the black and white particles remain stationary, thereby ensuring stable black and white picture display;
  • Stage2 The red particles are balanced, and the black and white particles are shaken evenly.
  • Stage 2 mainly has two purposes. First, it compensates the charge balance of the red particles in the entire driving waveform, so that the red particles remain stationary after the picture is displayed statically, thereby ensuring a stable red picture display. Second, the black and white particles are dispersed at the same time. , uniform movement to prepare for subsequent particle imaging;
  • Stage3 Black, white and red particles are shaken slowly at low frequency. Stage 3 mainly separates the white particles from the black and red particles in the pixel unit, shakes them evenly, and disperses them;
  • Stage 4 Black, white and red particles are shaken rapidly at high frequency. Stage 4 mainly separates the black particles and red particles in the pixel unit, shakes them evenly, and disperses them;
  • stage5 Refresh and display the red screen
  • Stage6 Refresh and display black and white images
  • Stage7 Refresh, display the red screen, and adjust the red chroma.
  • Stage8 Refresh again, display the red screen, and adjust the red chroma.
  • stage1 and stage2 are the balancing stage
  • stage3 and stage4 are the shaking stage
  • stage5 to stage8 are the display stage.
  • the frame frequency of the display unit is 120Hz
  • the duration unit in Figure 8 is T.
  • the number corresponding to each stage is the number of repetitions of the pulse waveform in that stage. It can be seen from the pulse waveform diagram shown in Figure 8 that the total duration of each stage is:
  • the energy loss during the screen refresh process can be reduced, the refresh display success rate can be improved, and power interruptions during data transmission or refresh display can be avoided.
  • pluricity means two or more, and “at least one” means one or more, unless otherwise explicitly and specifically limited.
  • orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as “upper” and “lower” is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply what is meant. Devices or elements must be oriented, constructed, and operate in a particular orientation and therefore are not to be construed as limitations on the disclosure.
  • the driving circuit, display device and driving method provided by the present disclosure have been introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementations of the present disclosure. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the present disclosure. Disclosed methods and their core ideas.

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Abstract

驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法，涉及显示技术领域。驱动电路包括：感应线圈、第一开关模块、第一控制电路和第二控制电路。感应线圈，用于接收第一射频信号或第二射频信号，以对驱动电路进行供电；第一开关模块，分别与感应线圈、第一控制电路以及第二控制电路连接，用于在第一状态下，导通感应线圈与第一控制电路，或者在第二状态下，导通感应线圈与第二控制电路；第一控制电路，用于在第一状态下，与第一终端之间进行数据传输；第一终端为发射第一射频信号的终端；第二控制电路，还与显示单元连接，用于在第二状态下，接收第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示；第二终端为发射第二射频信号的终端。

Description

驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法 技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，特别是涉及一种驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法。
背景技术
电子纸显示技术，主要是利用电泳显示(electrophoresis Display,EPD)原理，通过电场驱动不同电性的染色微粒进行运动，最终在显示侧呈现出微粒颜色。断电后，染色微粒仍能保持所在位置表现出“稳态”。因此，电子纸显示装置具有护眼、省电的效果。
概述
本公开提供了一种驱动电路，包括：感应线圈、第一开关模块、第一控制电路和第二控制电路；
其中，所述感应线圈，用于接收第一射频信号或第二射频信号，以对所述驱动电路进行供电；
所述第一开关模块，分别与所述感应线圈、所述第一控制电路以及所述第二控制电路连接，用于在第一状态下，导通所述感应线圈与所述第一控制电路，或者在第二状态下，导通所述感应线圈与所述第二控制电路；
所述第一控制电路，用于在所述第一状态下，与第一终端之间进行数据传输；所述第一终端为发射所述第一射频信号的终端；
所述第二控制电路，还与显示单元连接，用于在所述第二状态下，接收第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；所述第二终端为发射所述第二射频信号的终端。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述第一开关模块包括以下至少之一：磁簧开关，轻触开关和拨动开关。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述第二控制电路包括：供电控制模块、存储电容和显示控制模块；
其中，所述供电控制模块，分别与所述第一开关模块、所述存储电容以及所述显示控制模块连接，用于采集所述感应线圈接收所述第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中，并在所述存储电容的存储电压满足供电条件时，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块导通；
所述显示控制模块，还与所述显示单元连接，用于在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述供电控制模块包括处理单元、电压比较器和第二开关模块；
其中，所述处理单元，分别与所述第一开关模块、所述存储电容、所述电压比较器以及所述第二开关模块连接，用于采集所述第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中；根据所述电压比较器输出的比较结果，生成所述第二开关模块的控制信号；
所述电压比较器，还与所述存储电容以及参考电压输入端连接，用于比较所述存储电压与所述参考电压输入端输入的参考电压，并输出比较结果至所述处理单元；
所述第二开关模块，还与所述存储电容以及所述显示控制模块连接，用于根据所述控制信号，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块之间的导通或关断。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述第二开关模块包括：
第一晶体管，控制极与所述处理单元连接，第一极与所述存储电容连接，第二极与所述显示控制模块连接。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述显示控制模块包括第二晶体管、限流电阻、升压电路和驱动芯片；
其中，所述第二晶体管，控制极与所述驱动芯片连接，第一极与所述升压电路连接，第二极分别与所述限流电阻的第一端以及所述驱动芯片连接；
所述升压电路，还与所述供电控制模块、所述驱动芯片的第一接口和第二接口连接，用于在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述第二晶体管第一极的输出，对所述第一接口和所述第二接口进行电压写入；
所述限流电阻的第二端接地；
所述驱动芯片，还与所述显示单元连接，用于根据所述显示数据、所述第一接口的电压以及所述第二接口的电压，向所述显示单元提供脉冲信号。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述第一控制电路包括无源电子标签。
本公开提供了一种显示装置，包括显示单元，以及与所述显示单元连接的任一项所述的驱动电路。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述显示单元包括电子纸。
本公开提供了一种驱动方法，应用于任一项所述的驱动电路，所述驱动方法包括：
在第一状态下，所述感应线圈接收第一射频信号，所述第一控制电路与所述第一终端之间进行数据传输；
在第二状态下，所述感应线圈接收第二射频信号，所述第二控制电路接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述与所述第一终端之间进行数据传输的步骤，包括：
向所述第一终端发送第一身份信息，并接收所述第一终端反馈的权限信息；其中，所述权限信息由所述第一终端根据所述第一身份信息生成，用于指示所述驱动电路获得权限或者禁用权限。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤，包括：
向所述第二终端发送第二身份信息，以使所述第二终端根据所述第二身份信息判断是否发送数据写入请求；
响应于所述数据写入请求，接收所述显示数据。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤，包括：
若所述显示数据接收完成，则根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；
在所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤之后，在所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤之前，还包括：
若所述显示数据接收中断，且接收次数小于预设次数，则重新执行所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤；
若所述显示数据接收中断，且接收次数大于或等于所述预设次数，则反馈数据传输失败的信息。
在一种可选的实现方式中，当所述第二控制电路包括所述供电控制模块、所述存储电容和所述显示控制模块时，在所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤之前，还包括：
在所述第二状态下，所述供电控制模块采集所述感应线圈接收所述第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中；
在第一时刻，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块导通，以使所述显示控制模块在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；其中，所述第一时刻为相对于第二时刻延迟预设时长的时刻，所述预设时长大于或等于0s，所述第二时刻为所述存储电容的存储电压大于或等于参考电压的时刻，所述参考电压大于或等于所述显示控制模块的工作电压。
在一种可选的实现方式中，所述显示单元包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元包括像素电极以及至少两种颜色不同的染色粒子，所述像素电极用于提供使所述染色粒子运动的电场；所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤，包括：
在平衡阶段，向所述像素电极提供第一脉冲信号，以使所述染色粒子静止；
在摇匀阶段，向所述像素电极提供第二脉冲信号，以使不同颜色的染色粒子相互分散开；
在显示阶段，根据所述显示数据，向所述像素电极提供第三脉冲信号，以使所述染色粒子在电场的作用下运动，以进行画面显示；
其中，所述平衡阶段、所述摇匀阶段以及所述显示阶段的时长之和小于或等于15s。
上述说明仅是本公开技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本公开的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本公开的上述和其它目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举本公开的具体实施方式。
附图简述
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例或相关技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或相关技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本公开的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。需要说明的是，附图中的比例仅作为示意并不代表实际比例。
图1示意性地示出了本公开提供的一种驱动电路的结构示意图；
图2示意性地示出了本公开提供的第二控制电路的结构示意图；
图3示意性地示出了本公开提供的一种驱动电路示例的结构示意图；
图4示意性地示出了本公开提供的一种驱动电路的供电结构示意图；
图5示意性地示出了在卡片上设置拨动开关的结构示意图；
图6示意性地示出了第一控制电路与第一终端进行数据传输的流程示意图；
图7示意性地示出了第二控制电路与第二终端进行数据传输的流程示意图；
图8示意性地示出了驱动显示单元进行刷新显示的脉冲波形示意图。
详细描述
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本公开一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
电子胸卡主要包括有源胸卡和无源胸卡两种。其中，有源胸卡通常采用电池供电，然而电池不环保，而且由于电池本身的体积较大，导致这种胸卡的外观和重量都受到限制。无源胸卡是利用射频感应如近场通信(Near Field  Communication，NFC)，将磁能转化为电能，替代传统电池供电，因此，无源胸卡具有绿色、环保、低功耗的特性，得到了广泛的研究和应用。
本公开提供了一种驱动电路，参照图1示意性地示出了本公开提供的一种驱动电路的结构示意图。如图1所示，该驱动电路包括：感应线圈11、第一开关模块12、第一控制电路13和第二控制电路14。
其中，感应线圈11，用于接收第一射频信号或第二射频信号，以对驱动电路进行供电。
第一开关模块12，分别与感应线圈11、第一控制电路13以及第二控制电路14连接，用于在第一状态下，导通感应线圈11与第一控制电路13，或者在第二状态下，导通感应线圈11与第二控制电路14。
第一控制电路13，用于在第一状态下，与第一终端之间进行数据传输；第一终端为发射第一射频信号的终端。
第二控制电路14，还与显示单元10连接，用于在第二状态下，接收第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示；第二终端为发射第二射频信号的终端。
本公开提供的驱动电路，通过设置第一控制电路13和第二控制电路14，这两个不同的控制电路可以分别用于实现刷卡和驱动显示两个功能，例如第一控制电路13用于实现刷卡功能，第二控制电路14用于实现驱动显示屏进行显示的功能，这样可以提高两个功能的可靠性和适用性。采用本公开提供的驱动电路可以设计出兼容个性化刷新显示功能以及刷卡功能的卡片。
另外，第一控制电路13和第二控制电路14共用同一个感应线圈11，通过第一开关模块12控制感应线圈11与第一控制电路13之间导通，或者感应线圈11与第二控制电路14之间导通，从而可以实现刷卡功能和驱动显示功能的切换，这样可以避免两个控制电路分别设置感应线圈11导致的信号干扰问题。
示例性地，第一控制电路13可以包括无源电子标签。第二控制电路14可以包括CPU或MCU。
其中，无源电子标签即被动标签具有较强的抗干扰能力。当无源电子标签距离第一终端较远时，电子标签处于无源状态，无法发送或接受数据；当无源电子标签距离第一终端较近时，电子标签通过感应线圈11获取电能，并 与第一终端之间进行数据传输。与采用CPU或MCU模拟刷卡功能的方案相比，单独设置无源电子标签，可以使卡片的感应灵敏度更高，适配的读卡器场强范围更广，能够满足市面上99％读卡器的读卡功能，适应性更强。
在第一状态下，感应线圈11接收到第一终端(如具有NFC功能的读卡器，包括门禁、刷卡机等)发射的第一射频信号，由于电磁感应，感应线圈可以将第一射频信号中的磁能转换为第一电能，第一电能用于驱动第一控制电路13，从而实现对第一控制电路13的供电。
在第一电能的驱动下，第一控制电路13与第一终端之间可以进行数据传输。示例性地，当第一控制电路13与第一终端完成协议(如NFC协议)指令匹配后，第一控制电路13可以向第一终端发送第一身份信息；第一终端将第一身份信息与存储在第一终端的数据进行匹配，根据匹配结果生成权限信息并发送给第一控制电路13；第一控制电路13接收第一终端反馈的权限信息。其中，权限信息用于指示驱动电路获得权限或者禁用权限，从而实现刷卡功能。
在第二状态下，感应线圈11接收到第二终端(如具有NFC功能的手机或读写卡器等)发射的第二射频信号，由于电磁感应，感应线圈可以将第二射频信号中的磁能转换为第二电能，第二电能用于驱动第二控制电路14，从而实现对第二控制电路14的供电。
在第二电能的驱动下，第二控制电路14可以接收第二终端发送的显示数据。示例性地，当第二控制电路14与第二终端完成协议(如NFC协议)指令匹配后，第二控制电路14可以向第二终端发送第二身份信息；第二终端根据第二身份信息判断是否有数据写入需求，如果有则发送数据写入请求至第二控制电路14；第二控制电路14响应于数据写入请求，接收显示数据，并根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示。
示例性地，可以设置第一状态为默认状态。即在默认状态下，第一开关模块12导通感应线圈11与第一控制电路13，实现刷卡功能。当需要更新显示单元上的显示画面时，再将第一开关模块12由第一状态切换为第二状态，使第一开关模块12导通感应线圈11与第二控制电路14，实现刷新显示功能。
在一些示例中，第一开关模块12包括无源开关。进一步地，第一开关模块12可以包括以下至少之一：磁簧开关，轻触开关和拨动开关。
在第一个示例中，可以采用磁吸的方式，控制感应线圈11与第一控制电路13或第二控制电路14之间的导通。该示例中，第一开关模块12包括磁簧开关。磁簧开关在外部磁场的作用下，可以由默认的第一状态切换至第二状态。
例如，可以在第二终端上设置磁铁，产生改变磁簧开关状态的磁场。这种情况下，只能采用指定第二终端(如指定读写卡器)才能向第二控制电路14发送显示数据，进而实现显示单元10的画面更新。
在默认状态下，磁簧开关导通感应线圈11与第一控制电路13，当需要切换至第二状态时，靠近指定第二终端(如设置有磁铁的第二终端)可以实现自动切换，无需手动操作。
由于磁簧开关的厚度较大，一般为2.5cm左右，相应的驱动电路以及应用该驱动电路的卡片的厚度也会比较大，可能达到5.5cm。
在第二个示例中，可以采用按压的方式，控制感应线圈11与第一控制电路13或第二控制电路14之间的导通。该示例中，第一开关模块12包括轻触开关。轻触开关在外力按压的作用下，可以由默认的第一状态切换至第二状态。
在默认状态下，轻触开关导通感应线圈11与第一控制电路13，当需要由默认的第一状态切换至第二状态时，可以对轻触开关进行按压来实现，松开按压后恢复第一状态。
由于轻触开关较高，为了避免误触碰，可以设计匹配的壳体对其进行保护。与采用磁簧开关的方案相比，采用轻触开关可以降低成本，由于无需在第二终端上设置磁铁，因此实现起来较容易，且适用范围更广，还可以避免由于磁簧开关性能不稳定而导致开关失效的问题。
在第三个示例中，可以采用拨动的方式，控制感应线圈11与第一控制电路13或第二控制电路14之间的导通。该示例中，第一开关模块12包括拨动开关。拨动开关在外力拨动的作用下，可以由默认的第一状态切换至第二状态。
在默认状态下，拨动开关导通感应线圈11与第一控制电路13，当需要切换至第二状态时，可以通过拨动开关柄来实现。
在具体实现中，拨动开关例如可以选用侧边式拨动开关(如图5所示出的)。与采用磁簧开关的方案相比，采用拨动开关可以降低成本，由于无需在第二终端上设置磁铁，因此实现起来较容易，且适用范围更广，还可以避免由于磁簧开关性能不稳定而导致开关失效的问题，可以减薄驱动电路以及应用该驱动电路的卡片的厚度。与采用轻触开关的方案相比，操作更加方便。
如图5所示，拨动开关设置在卡片的后壳上，将开关柄拨动到左图状态可以实现刷卡功能，拨动到右图状态可以实现刷新显示画面的功能。
需要说明的是，图5是以侧边式拨动开关为例示出的。在具体实现中，第一开关模块12还可以包括按键式开关，通过按下按键或恢复按键的方式实现刷卡功能和刷新显示画面功能的切换；还可以包括转动按钮开关，通过转动按钮或恢复按钮的方式实现刷卡功能和刷新显示画面功能的切换；还可以包括其它能够实现感应线圈11与第一控制电路13或第二控制电路14之间的导通切换功能的开关，具体可以根据实际需求以及驱动电路的结构确定，本公开对此不作限定。
需要说明的是，还可以设置第二状态为默认状态，本公开对此不作限定。
参照图2示意性地示出了本公开提供的一种第二控制电路的结构示意图。如图2所示，第二控制电路14包括：供电控制模块21、存储电容22和显示控制模块23。
其中，供电控制模块21，分别与第一开关模块12(图2中未示出)、存储电容22以及显示控制模块23连接，用于采集感应线圈11(图2中未示出)接收第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存第二电能至存储电容22中，并在存储电容22的存储电压满足供电条件时，控制存储电容22与显示控制模块23导通。
显示控制模块23，还与显示单元10连接，用于在存储电压的驱动下，根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示。
示例性地，存储电容22的存储电压大于或等于参考电压的时刻为第二时刻，相对于第二时刻延迟预设时长的时刻可以认为是存储电压满足供电条件的时刻。其中，预设时长可以大于或等于0s，参考电压大于或等于显示控制模块的工作电压。预设时长例如可以为20μs。
示例性地，如图2所示，供电控制模块21包括处理单元211、电压比较器212和第二开关模块213。
其中，处理单元211，分别与第一开关模块12(图2中未示出)、存储电容22、电压比较器212以及第二开关模块213连接，用于采集第二电能，储存第二电能至存储电容22中；根据电压比较器212输出的比较结果，生成第二开关模块213的控制信号。
电压比较器212，还与存储电容22以及参考电压输入端REF连接，用于比较存储电压与参考电压输入端REF输入的参考电压，并输出比较结果至处理单元211。
第二开关模块213，还与存储电容22以及显示控制模块23连接，用于根据控制信号，控制存储电容22与显示控制模块23之间的导通或关断。
示例性地，处理单元211包括CPU芯片(如图3所示出的IC101)或者MCU芯片。
示例性地，如图3所示，第二开关模块213包括：第一晶体管T1，控制极G1与处理单元211连接，第一极S1与存储电容22连接，第二极D1与显示控制模块23连接。
示例性地，如图3所示，显示控制模块23包括第二晶体管T2、限流电阻RS、升压电路31和驱动芯片32。
其中，第二晶体管T2，控制极G2与驱动芯片32连接，第一极S2与升压电路31连接，第二极D2分别与限流电阻RS的第一端以及驱动芯片32连接。
升压电路31，还与供电控制模块21、驱动芯片32的第一接口(如PREVGH)和第二接口(如PREVGL)连接，用于在存储电压的驱动下，根据第二晶体管T2第一极S2的输出，对第一接口和第二接口进行电压写入。
限流电阻RS的第二端接地。
驱动芯片32，还与显示单元10连接，用于根据显示数据、第一接口的电压以及第二接口的电压，向显示单元10提供脉冲信号。
升压电路31可以包括电感L1，第一电容C1，第二电容C2、、第三电容C3、第一二极管Q1、第二二极管Q2和第三二极管Q3，连接电路如图3所示。
示例性地，第二晶体管T2的杂散电容值小于或等于100皮法。例如，第二晶体管T2的最大杂散电容值小于或者等于90皮法，80皮法，70皮法，60皮法，50皮法，40皮法，30皮法，20皮法或者10皮法等，本公开对此不作限定。
通过选择较小杂散电容值的第二晶体管T2，可以提高第二晶体管T2的开关切换速度，减小开关时间，减少开关过程中引起的能量损耗，确保刷新显示过程中驱动芯片32的供电电压在工作电压(如2.2V)以上，避免驱动芯片32供电不足导致的画面刷新失败，提高画面刷新成功率，提升用户体验。
示例性地，限流电阻RS的阻值大于或等于1欧姆，且小于或等于5欧姆。例如，限流电阻RS的阻值例如可以为1.2欧姆，1.5欧姆，1.6欧姆，1.8欧姆，2.0欧姆，2.2欧姆，2.4欧姆或3.0欧姆等，本公开对此不作限定。
当流经限流电阻RS的电流减小时，驱动芯片32在刷新显示过程中的峰值电流也会相应减小。通过选择较大阻值的限流电阻RS，可以减小驱动芯片32在刷新显示过程中的峰值电流，降低刷新过程中的损耗，同时降低限流电阻RS的分压，确保刷新显示过程中驱动芯片32的供电电压在工作电压(如2.2V)以上，避免驱动芯片32供电不足导致的画面刷新失败，提高画面刷新成功率，提升用户体验。
在具体实现中，驱动芯片32可以绑定在显示单元10上，显示控制模块23的其它部分可以位于印刷电路板上。
示例性地，如图3所示，存储电容22的一端分别连接处理单元211、电压比较器212以及第二开关模块213连接，另一端接地。
示例性地，存储电容22可以包括以下至少之一：陶瓷电容和法拉电容。即存储电容22可以包括陶瓷电容，或者包括法拉电容，或者包括相互并联的陶瓷电容和法拉电容。
由于法拉电容的厚度一般为3mm以上，因此采用法拉电容可能导致产品整体厚度偏厚。采用陶瓷电容替代法拉电容，可以降低产品体积和成本，使产品做到更轻薄、易携带，同时还可以提高电容供电的稳定性及可靠性。
在具体实现中，存储电容22的数量可以为一个或相互并联的多个(如图3所示出的)，本公开对此不作限定。
在具体实现中，第二控制电路14还可以包括通讯模块(图中未示出)，通讯模块可以用于转换和传输显示数据，与处理单元211之间通过I2C总线(Inter－Integrated Circuit)连接。
在具体实现中，第二控制电路14还可以包括存储器(图中未示出)，存储器可以用于存储显示数据，与处理单元211之间通过串行外设接口(Serial Peripheral Interface,SPI)连接通信，进行数据传输。
如图4所示，感应线圈11接收第二射频信号，可以将第二射频信号中的磁能转换为电能即第二电能，第二电能可以存储在存储电容22中，从而可以替代传统电池，为供电控制模块21、显示控制模块23、通讯模块以及存储器等供电。
本公开还提供了一种显示装置，参考图1，该显示装置包括显示单元10，以及与显示单元10连接的如任一实施方式提供的驱动电路。
本领域技术人员可以理解，该显示装置具有前述驱动电路的优点。
可选地，显示单元10包括电子纸。采用电子纸进行画面显示，实现显示信息的实时更新，具有环保、功耗低以及护眼等优点。
示例性地，显示单元10可以包括能够进行黑白红三色显示的电子纸，这样可以使显示单元10实现彩色显示，可以实现彩色显示的胸卡。
本公开提供的显示装置可以为床头卡、输液卡、电子桌牌、电子书、电子展示牌、电子胸卡、电子标签、公交站牌等任何具有显示功能的产品或部件，本公开实施例对此不做限定。
本公开还提供了一种驱动方法，应用于任一实施方式提供的驱动电路，参考图1至图3，该驱动方法包括：
步骤S01：在第一状态下，感应线圈11接收第一射频信号，第一控制电路13与第一终端之间进行数据传输。
步骤S02：在第二状态下，感应线圈11接收第二射频信号，第二控制电路14接收第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示。
示例性地，在步骤S01中，与第一终端之间进行数据传输的步骤，可以包括：向第一终端发送第一身份信息，并接收第一终端反馈的权限信息；其中，权限信息由第一终端根据第一身份信息生成，用于指示驱动电路获得权限或者禁用权限。
在实际应用中，当第一控制电路13检测到第一射频信号时，第一控制电路13与第一终端进行协议(如NFC协议)指令匹配，完成协议指令匹配后，第一控制电路13与第一终端之间进行数据传输。参照图6示例性地示出了第一控制电路与第一终端之间进行数据传输的流程示意图，具体可以包括：
步骤601：第一控制电路是否检测到第一射频信号？若是，则执行步骤602，若否，则重新执行步骤601。
步骤602：第一控制电路发送第一身份信息至第一终端。
步骤603：第一终端对第一身份信息与存储在第一终端中的信息进行匹配。
步骤604：判断是否匹配成功？若是，则执行步骤605；若否，则执行步骤606。
步骤605：第一控制电路获得权限。
步骤606：第一控制电路禁用权限。
示例性地，在步骤S02中，接收第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤，可以包括：首先向第二终端发送第二身份信息，以使第二终端根据第二身份信息判断是否发送数据写入请求；然后响应于第二终端发送的数据写入请求，接收显示数据。
示例性地，在步骤S02中，根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示的步骤，可以包括：若显示数据接收完成，则根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示。
示例性地，在步骤S02中，在接收第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤之后，在根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示的步骤之前，还可以包括：若显示数据接收中断，且接收次数小于预设次数，则重新执行接收第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤；若显示数据接收中断，且接收次数大于或等于预设次数，则反馈数据传输失败的信息。
示例性地，在步骤S02中，在根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示的步骤之后，还可以包括：若显示单元10的刷新显示中断，则反馈刷新失败的信息。
在实际应用中，当第二控制电路14检测到第二射频信号时，第二控制电路14与第二终端进行协议(如NFC协议)指令匹配，完成协议指令匹配后，第二控制电路14与第二终端之间进行数据传输。参照图7示例性地示出了第二控制电路14与第二终端之间进行数据传输的流程示意图，具体可以包括：
步骤701：第二控制电路是否检测到第二射频信号？若是，则执行步骤702，若否，则重新执行步骤701。
步骤702：第二控制电路发送第二身份信息至第二终端。
步骤703：第二控制电路判断是否接收到数据写入请求？若是，则执行步骤704，若否，则重新执行步骤701。
步骤704：第二控制电路接收第二终端发送的显示数据。
步骤705：判断显示数据是否接收完成？若是，则执行步骤706，若否，则执行步骤708。
步骤706：第二控制电路控制显示单元进行显示。
步骤707：判断显示单元是否显示完成？若是，可以结束流程；若否，则执行步骤710。
步骤708：判断接收次数i<3是否成立？若是，则重新执行步骤704；若否，则执行步骤709。其中，预设次数为3。
步骤709：反馈传输失败。
步骤710：反馈刷新失败。
示例性地，当第二控制电路14包括供电控制模块21、存储电容22和显示控制模块23时，在步骤S02中，根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示的步骤之前，还可以包括：
步骤S11：在第二状态下，供电控制模块21采集感应线圈11接收第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存第二电能至存储电容22中。
步骤S12：在第一时刻，控制存储电容22与显示控制模块23导通，以使显示控制模块23在存储电压的驱动下，根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示；其中，第一时刻为相对于第二时刻延迟预设时长的时刻，预设时 长大于或等于0s，第二时刻为存储电容22的存储电压大于或等于参考电压的时刻，参考电压大于或等于显示控制模块或驱动芯片的工作电压。
通过设置电压比较器212，当存储电压大于或等于参考电压时，再控制存储电容22与显示控制模块23导通，确保导通后驱动芯片32能够正常工作。
当预设时长大于0s时，即在存储电压大于或等于参考电压之后，再延迟预设时长，使得存储电容22存储更多的电能。通过延迟能量供给，保证存储电容22存储的电能，能够顺利完成显示数据传输和画面更新，提高刷新显示成功率，避免在数据传输或刷新显示过程中断电。
示例性地，预设时长可以为20μs，10μs等，本公开对此不作限定。
示例性地，显示单元10包括多个像素单元，各像素单元包括像素电极以及至少两种颜色不同的染色粒子，像素电极用于提供使染色粒子运动的电场。
相应地，在步骤S02中，根据显示数据，控制显示单元10进行显示的步骤，可以包括：
步骤S21：在平衡阶段，向像素电极提供第一脉冲信号，以使染色粒子静止。
步骤S22：在摇匀阶段，向像素电极提供第二脉冲信号，以使不同颜色的染色粒子相互分散开。
步骤S23：在显示阶段，根据显示数据，向像素电极提供第三脉冲信号，以使染色粒子在电场的作用下运动，以进行画面显示。
其中，平衡阶段、摇匀阶段以及显示阶段的时长之和小于或等于15s。
进一步地，平衡阶段、摇匀阶段以及显示阶段的总时长可以小于或等于10s。
相关技术中，电子墨水屏显示器件(电子纸)包括黑、白、红三种颜色的染色粒子，其中黑色粒子一般由炭黑改性制备，带正电；白色粒子由二氧化钛改性制备，粒子带有负电；红色粒子由氧化铁等化合物改性制备而成，带正电。由于黑色粒子与红色粒子带有同种电荷，倘若两种粒子质量和带电荷量相近，当用相同电压驱动时，两种粒子运动速度也相近，此时，难以将两种粒子分开显示。为了区分这两种颜色的染色粒子，可以设计红色粒子质量大于黑色粒子。同样条件下，黑色粒子质量轻，所以相对运动速度快；同 时，驱动设计时，黑色粒子驱动电压可以比红色粒子驱动电压大，黑色粒子运动速度进一步加快。这样，可以将红色粒子和黑色粒子运动速度加以区分，从而实现不同的颜色显示。
根据每种粒子化学特性及实际应用中的可操作性，黑色粒子驱动电压可以大于或等于11V且小于或等于15V，白色粒子驱动电压可以大于或等于-15V且小于或等于-11V，红色粒子驱动电压可以大于或等于4V且小于或等于7V。在实际波形驱动过程中，我们将平衡阶段、摇匀阶段以及显示阶段进一步细分为如下8个阶段：
stage1：黑色、白色粒子平衡。Stage1主要是补偿整个驱动波形的黑色和白色粒子电荷平衡，使画面在静态显示后，黑、白粒子保持静止，从而确保黑、白画面显示稳定；
stage2：红色粒子平衡，黑、白粒子摇匀。stage2主要有两个目的，第一，补偿整个驱动波形的红色粒子电荷平衡，使画面在静态显示后，红色粒子保持静止，从而确保红色画面显示稳定；第二，黑、白粒子同时进行打散、均匀动作，为后面粒子成像做准备；
stage3：黑、白、红色粒子以低频率慢速摇匀。stage3主要是将像素单元中的白色粒子与黑、红粒子分开，摇匀、打散；
stage4:黑、白、红色粒子以高频率快速摇匀。stage4主要是将像素单元中的黑色粒子和红粒子分开，摇匀、打散；
stage5：刷新、显示红色画面；
Stage6：刷新、显示黑白画面；
Stage7：重新刷新、显示红色画面，调整红色色度。
Stage8：再次刷新、显示红色画面，调整红色色度。
参照图8分别示出了在各阶段的脉冲波形示意图。其中，stage1和stage2为平衡阶段，stage3和stage4为摇匀阶段，stage5至stage8为显示阶段。在图8中，显示单元的帧频为120Hz，一帧时长为1T＝1/120s，图8中的时长单位为T。各阶段对应的次数为该阶段脉冲波形的重复次数。从图8所示的脉冲波形示意图可以看出，各阶段的总时长为：
[(6+0+27+15)x 2+(4+4+6+6)x 7+(4+6+4+6)x 2+(2+3+2+3)x 5+(8+0+44+4)x 8+(6+8+6)x5+(7+0+37)x 3+(0+12+0+12)x 2]x 1/120＝8.7833s
通过缩短刷新显示过程的总时长，提高波形转换频率，可以减小画面刷新过程中的能量损耗，提高刷新显示成功率，避免在数据传输或刷新显示过程中断电。
本公开中，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上，“至少一个”的含义是一个或一个以上，除非另有明确具体的限定。
本公开中，术语“上”、“下”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本公开和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本公开的限制。
在权利要求中，不应将位于括号之间的任何参考符号构造成对权利要求的限制。
在本文中，诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、产品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、商品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
以上对本公开所提供的一种驱动电路、显示装置及驱动方法进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本公开的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本公开的方法及其核心思想。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。
本文中所称的“一个实施例”、“实施例”或者“一个或者多个实施例”意味着，结合实施例描述的特定特征、结构或者特性包括在本公开的至少一个实 施例中。此外，请注意，这里“在一个实施例中”的词语例子不一定全指同一个实施例。
在此处所提供的说明书中，说明了大量具体细节。然而，能够理解，本公开的实施例可以在没有这些具体细节的情况下被实践。在一些实例中，并未详细示出公知的方法、结构和技术，以便不模糊对本说明书的理解。
本公开旨在涵盖本公开的任何变型、用途或者适应性变化，这些变型、用途或者适应性变化遵循本公开的一般性原理并包括本公开未公开的本技术领域中的公知常识或惯用技术手段。说明书和实施例仅被视为示例性的，本公开的真正范围和精神由所附的权利要求指出。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种驱动电路，包括：感应线圈、第一开关模块、第一控制电路和第二控制电路；
    其中，所述感应线圈，用于接收第一射频信号或第二射频信号，以对所述驱动电路进行供电；
    所述第一开关模块，分别与所述感应线圈、所述第一控制电路以及所述第二控制电路连接，用于在第一状态下，导通所述感应线圈与所述第一控制电路，或者在第二状态下，导通所述感应线圈与所述第二控制电路；
    所述第一控制电路，用于在所述第一状态下，与第一终端之间进行数据传输；所述第一终端为发射所述第一射频信号的终端；
    所述第二控制电路，还与显示单元连接，用于在所述第二状态下，接收第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；所述第二终端为发射所述第二射频信号的终端。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的驱动电路，其中，所述第一开关模块包括以下至少之一：磁簧开关，轻触开关和拨动开关。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动电路，其中，所述第二控制电路包括：供电控制模块、存储电容和显示控制模块；
    其中，所述供电控制模块，分别与所述第一开关模块、所述存储电容以及所述显示控制模块连接，用于采集所述感应线圈接收所述第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中，并在所述存储电容的存储电压满足供电条件时，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块导通；
    所述显示控制模块，还与所述显示单元连接，用于在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的驱动电路，其中，所述供电控制模块包括处理单元、电压比较器和第二开关模块；
    其中，所述处理单元，分别与所述第一开关模块、所述存储电容、所述电压比较器以及所述第二开关模块连接，用于采集所述第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中；根据所述电压比较器输出的比较结果，生成所述第二开关模块的控制信号；
    所述电压比较器，还与所述存储电容以及参考电压输入端连接，用于比较所述存储电压与所述参考电压输入端输入的参考电压，并输出比较结果至所述处理单元；
    所述第二开关模块，还与所述存储电容以及所述显示控制模块连接，用于根据所述控制信号，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块之间的导通或关断。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的驱动电路，其中，所述第二开关模块包括：
    第一晶体管，控制极与所述处理单元连接，第一极与所述存储电容连接，第二极与所述显示控制模块连接。
  6. 根据权利要求3至5任一项所述的驱动电路，其中，所述显示控制模块包括第二晶体管、限流电阻、升压电路和驱动芯片；
    其中，所述第二晶体管，控制极与所述驱动芯片连接，第一极与所述升压电路连接，第二极分别与所述限流电阻的第一端以及所述驱动芯片连接；
    所述升压电路，还与所述供电控制模块、所述驱动芯片的第一接口和第二接口连接，用于在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述第二晶体管第一极的输出，对所述第一接口和所述第二接口进行电压写入；
    所述限流电阻的第二端接地；
    所述驱动芯片，还与所述显示单元连接，用于根据所述显示数据、所述第一接口的电压以及所述第二接口的电压，向所述显示单元提供脉冲信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6任一项所述的驱动电路，其中，所述第一控制电路包括无源电子标签。
  8. 一种显示装置，包括显示单元，以及与所述显示单元连接的如权利要求1至7任一项所述的驱动电路。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的显示装置，其中，所述显示单元包括电子纸。
  10. 一种驱动方法，应用于权利要求1至7任一项所述的驱动电路，所述驱动方法包括：
    在第一状态下，所述感应线圈接收第一射频信号，所述第一控制电路与所述第一终端之间进行数据传输；
    在第二状态下，所述感应线圈接收第二射频信号，所述第二控制电路接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据，并根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的驱动方法，其中，所述与所述第一终端之间进行数据传输的步骤，包括：
    向所述第一终端发送第一身份信息，并接收所述第一终端反馈的权限信息；其中，所述权限信息由所述第一终端根据所述第一身份信息生成，用于指示所述驱动电路获得权限或者禁用权限。
  12. 根据权利要求10或11所述的驱动方法，其中，所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤，包括：
    向所述第二终端发送第二身份信息，以使所述第二终端根据所述第二身份信息判断是否发送数据写入请求；
    响应于所述数据写入请求，接收所述显示数据。
  13. 根据权利要求10至12任一项所述的驱动方法，其中，所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤，包括：
    若所述显示数据接收完成，则根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；
    在所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤之后，在所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤之前，还包括：
    若所述显示数据接收中断，且接收次数小于预设次数，则重新执行所述接收所述第二终端发送的显示数据的步骤；
    若所述显示数据接收中断，且接收次数大于或等于所述预设次数，则反馈数据传输失败的信息。
  14. 根据权利要求10至13任一项所述的驱动方法，其中，当所述第二控制电路包括所述供电控制模块、所述存储电容和所述显示控制模块时，在所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤之前，还包括：
    在所述第二状态下，所述供电控制模块采集所述感应线圈接收所述第二射频信号所产生的第二电能，储存所述第二电能至所述存储电容中；
    在第一时刻，控制所述存储电容与所述显示控制模块导通，以使所述显示控制模块在所述存储电压的驱动下，根据所述显示数据，控制所述显示单元进行显示；其中，所述第一时刻为相对于第二时刻延迟预设时长的时刻，所述预设时长大于或等于0s，所述第二时刻为所述存储电容的存储电压大于或等于参考电压的时刻，所述参考电压大于或等于所述显示控制模块的工作电压。
  15. 根据权利要求10至14任一项所述的驱动方法，其中，所述显示单元包括多个像素单元，所述像素单元包括像素电极以及至少两种颜色不同的染色粒子，所述像素电极用于提供使所述染色粒子运动的电场；所述根据所述显示数据，控制显示单元进行显示的步骤，包括：
    在平衡阶段，向所述像素电极提供第一脉冲信号，以使所述染色粒子静止；
    在摇匀阶段，向所述像素电极提供第二脉冲信号，以使不同颜色的染色粒子相互分散开；
    在显示阶段，根据所述显示数据，向所述像素电极提供第三脉冲信号，以使所述染色粒子在电场的作用下运动，以进行画面显示；
    其中，所述平衡阶段、所述摇匀阶段以及所述显示阶段的时长之和小于或等于15s。
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