WO2023092779A1 - 一种光电冷镜式露点传感器 - Google Patents

一种光电冷镜式露点传感器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023092779A1
WO2023092779A1 PCT/CN2021/140431 CN2021140431W WO2023092779A1 WO 2023092779 A1 WO2023092779 A1 WO 2023092779A1 CN 2021140431 W CN2021140431 W CN 2021140431W WO 2023092779 A1 WO2023092779 A1 WO 2023092779A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
photoelectric
refrigeration
dew condensation
dew point
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PCT/CN2021/140431
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张宾
何伟生
陈新准
傅王勇
李修龙
岑炉生
Original Assignee
广州奥松电子股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2023092779A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023092779A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
    • G01N25/56—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content
    • G01N25/66—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating moisture content by investigating dew-point

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of dew condensation measurement, in particular to a photoelectric cold mirror dew point sensor.
  • the dew point meter is an instrument for measuring the water vapor content in the gas. With the measurement of the gas temperature, the temperature and humidity of the gas can be obtained. Due to its high measurement accuracy and long-term stability and reliability, the optical chilled mirror dew point meter is widely used internationally as the transfer standard for measuring dew point and temperature and humidity in the metrology and testing industry.
  • the dew point meter has the above characteristics of high precision, long-term stability and reliability, its high price, frequent use and maintenance are unavoidable problems, and factors such as narrow measurement range and large instrument volume also limit the use scenarios.
  • the measuring gas must be clean and free from pollution, or the mirror surface pollutants should be cleaned regularly, otherwise it is easy to be affected by the mirror surface pollutants and cause the deviation of the measured dew point, which will affect the accuracy of the instrument.
  • the mirror surface of the existing dew point meter is made of large-sized copper plated with gold.
  • the large inertia of the copper block leads to slow response speed, and the surface of the copper gold-plated process is easy to be dirty; and the large-scale gold-plated copper consumes cooling power, resulting in a small cooling temperature difference and a small dew point measurement range. .
  • the control system of the dew point meter is generally the structure of an external body.
  • the main reasons for the large power consumption of the dew point meter are as follows: First, the existing control system of the dew point meter uses MOS tubes to adjust the output power, but the MOS tubes are large in size, which is not conducive to miniaturization, and will generate a large number of heat sources, making heat dissipation difficult; The reason is that the existing dew point meter control system is equipped with a display with high power consumption, which makes it difficult to reduce the power consumption of the whole dew point meter; the third is that the existing dew point meter condensation system requires a large cooling power and a Fourth, the existing dew point meter is separated from the condensation system of the thermometer used to measure the external temperature, which also leads to complex circuits and high power consumption.
  • the whole dew point meter Since the control system of the dew point meter is an external body structure, the whole dew point meter is bulky, high in cost, inconvenient to carry, and has limited application scenarios; due to the external connection of the control system, it also requires an external control system, and it is difficult to measure the external temperature with a thermometer. It is integrated with the dew point system in the same detection chamber, which leads to the inconvenience of measurement, and further leads to the large volume and high cost of the whole dew point meter.
  • the present invention aims to overcome at least one defect (deficiency) of the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a photoelectric chilled mirror dew point sensor, which is used to solve the problems of large volume and limited application scenarios of the existing dew point meter control system.
  • a photoelectric cold mirror dew point sensor including a control system, a dew condensation system and a photoelectric detection system connected in sequence; PCB main control board, PCB adapter board and welding pins in the housing, the bottom and top of the PCB main control board are respectively provided with aviation joints and connecting seats, and the aviation joints pass through the bottom of the housing for connecting with the outside The electrical device is connected; the connection seat is connected with the PCB adapter board, and then connected with the welding pin, and the dew condensation system and the photoelectric detection system are connected through the welding pin.
  • an integrated PCB main control board is used to replace the desktop controller, so that the volume of the whole set of equipment can be reduced, so that it is easy to carry and use; by adopting an integrated PCB main control board, the original The large power consumption display reduces the power consumption of the whole machine and makes the heat dissipation performance of the PCB main control board meet the requirements.
  • the solution of separating the PCB main control board and the measurement unit in the prior art is abandoned, and the dew point sensor is small, highly integrated, and easy to embed into other systems. wider.
  • the PCB main control board is arranged in the casing, the cost of the dew point sensor is also saved.
  • the aviation connector passes through the bottom of the shell so that the external electrical components can be directly connected to the aviation connector during use, thereby reducing production difficulty and cost and improving production efficiency.
  • the photoelectric detection system can be directly connected to the condensation system, and then connected to the control system to realize the integrated setting of the entire dew point sensor, simplify the structure of the dew point sensor, and facilitate portability and use .
  • the housing includes a bottom cover and a heat sink connected to each other; the PCB main control board, PCB adapter board and welding pins are arranged in the heat sink, and the bottom cover is a hollow structure,
  • the aviation joint passes through the bottom cover and is exposed outside the bottom cover; a sealing ring is provided at the connection position between the aviation joint and the bottom cover.
  • the heat dissipation of the PCB main control board and the dew condensation system can be performed through the metal heat conduction function of the heat sink.
  • the heat dissipation base dissipates heat from the dew condensation system, mainly to dissipate heat from the hot end of the dew condensation system.
  • a sealing ring between the aviation connector and the bottom cover the connection position between the aviation connector and the bottom cover is sealed to ensure the sealing effect of the bottom of the heat sink, and to prevent water vapor from penetrating from the bottom of the heat sink, which will affect the performance of the PCB main control board.
  • a sealing ring may also be provided between the heat sink and the bottom cover to further ensure the sealing effect at the bottom of the heat sink.
  • the top of the heat sink is provided with an opening, and the opening is covered with a pin position fixing plate for fixing solder pins; and the outline of the opening coincides with the outline of the pin position fixing plate.
  • the needle position fixing plate By designing the contour of the opening of the cooling seat to coincide with the contour of the needle position fixing plate, on the one hand, the needle position fixing plate can be fixed, and on the other hand, the top of the heat dissipation seat can be closed by the needle position fixing plate.
  • a silicone gasket is provided between the pin position fixing plate and the PCB adapter plate, and the solder pins are sequentially arranged on the PCB adapter plate, the silicone gasket, and the pin position from bottom to top. between the mounting plates and together seal the top of the heat sink.
  • the pin position fixing plate separates the solder pin from the metal heat sink to form an insulating effect, which ensures the electrical insulation requirements, and can effectively fix the dew condensation system so that the dew condensation system is in the center of the surface of the shell Location.
  • the top of the heat sink is sealed by setting a silicone gasket, and then the pin position fixing plate is matched with the top opening of the heat sink to achieve sealing, so that the inside of the heat sink is sealed to better protect the PCB main control board, so that It is not easily damaged by external water vapor or gas corrosion.
  • the PCB main control board is provided with a filter circuit, a communication circuit, a main control circuit, an analog circuit, and a refrigeration circuit; the filter circuit is used to filter out interference, so that the external power supply can
  • the main control circuit, analog circuit and refrigeration circuit provide stable current input; specifically, the external power supply passes through the filter circuit to filter out common-mode interference and ripple interference. Supply power to the main control circuit, communication circuit, refrigeration circuit and analog circuit. So as to ensure that each circuit has a stable power input, so that the work is stable and the measurement results are accurate.
  • the communication circuit is connected with an external electrical device through an aviation connector to realize data transmission; specifically, the main control circuit can be connected with an external host computer or external equipment through a communication circuit to transmit data to an external host computer or external equipment; at the same time, the external The host computer or external equipment can also read the sensor data through the communication circuit, and upgrade the firmware of the sensor.
  • the main control circuit is respectively connected to the communication circuit, the analog circuit and the refrigeration circuit, and is used to realize signal transmission and work control; specifically, the main control circuit realizes the precise measurement of the platinum resistor electrical signal of the dew condensation system through a high-precision ADC on the one hand, In order to obtain the temperature value; on the other hand, the main control circuit obtains the measurement value of the photoelectric detection system through a high-precision ADC, and controls the dew condensation state of the dew condensation system in real time.
  • the ADC is an analog-to-digital converter; the condensation state may be a state of whether condensation occurs, or a state of condensation thickness when condensation occurs.
  • the PWM duty cycle to adjust the voltage of the refrigeration circuit by adjusting the condensation state such as whether or not there is condensation and the thickness of the condensation.
  • the refrigeration circuit increases or decreases the refrigeration voltage to make the condensation system
  • the dew condensation state quickly reaches the dynamic equilibrium state, which is the state when the dew condensation system just appears condensation.
  • the photoelectric detection system is used to obtain the dew point value and the actual temperature value of the dew condensation system to achieve dynamic equilibrium, so as to calculate the relative humidity and other data.
  • the analog circuit is respectively connected to the dew condensation system and the photoelectric detection system through the connection socket for detecting and controlling signals, and the analog circuit is provided with a temperature measurement circuit, a mirror dew point measurement circuit and a photoelectric detection system respectively connected to the main control circuit signal.
  • Measuring circuit; the mirror surface dew point measuring circuit is electrically connected to the dew condensation system, and the main control circuit controls the operation of the dew condensation system through the mirror surface dew point measuring circuit and the refrigeration circuit;
  • the temperature measuring circuit and the photoelectric measuring circuit are respectively connected with the photoelectric detection system Electrically connected, the main control circuit controls the work of the photoelectric detection system through the photoelectric measurement circuit.
  • the analog circuit uses precision operational amplifier circuits such as voltage follower and constant current source to make the electrical signal of the connected platinum resistance system more stable, so that the main control circuit can perform accurate measurement.
  • the signal output between the main control circuit and the photoelectric detection system is stabilized by the constant current source.
  • the analog circuit also amplifies the electrical signal of the photoelectric detection system through a precision amplifier circuit, so that the electrical signal of the photoelectric detection system is more stable.
  • the refrigerating circuit is connected to the dew condensation system through the connecting seat for cooling or heating.
  • the main control circuit can adjust the PWM duty cycle to the refrigeration circuit according to the dew condensation state detected by the photoelectric detection system, so as to adjust the power of the refrigeration circuit, so that the mirror quickly reaches the dew condensation balance state.
  • the cooling circuit is provided with a switching power supply IC, and the main control circuit outputs PWM with different duty ratios to the feedback terminal of the switching power supply IC, so that the switching power supply IC outputs different voltages, realizing The power of the refrigeration circuit is adjusted, so that the condensation system can quickly reach the dynamic balance of condensation.
  • the analog circuit is provided with a shielding cover to resist interference; and the work division of the filter circuit, communication circuit, main control circuit and refrigeration circuit on the PCB main control board is clear and well-organized, which can respond to work more quickly. , improve work efficiency and reduce power consumption.
  • the dew condensation system includes a refrigeration stack and a thermometer
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by stacking at least one level of refrigeration structures, and the top of the top refrigeration structure is a cold end, and the bottommost refrigeration structure
  • the bottom of the structure is the hot end, and the thermometer is embedded in the top refrigeration structure;
  • the hot end is in contact with the housing of the control system and conducts heat transfer;
  • the upper surface of the cold end is glued with a lens , the lens is coated with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic material layer; or, the upper surface of the cold end is coated with a metal material layer as a mirror layer, and the mirror layer is coated with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic material layer;
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by a primary refrigeration structure, the top of the refrigeration structure is the cold end, the bottom of the refrigeration structure is the hot end, and the thermometer is embedded below the cold end; above the hot end
  • the refrigerating structure area cover of the refrigerating stack is provided with an encapsulation platform, and the bottom
  • the lens can quickly obtain cooling capacity in a short time, so as to reduce the power consumption of the refrigeration stack, so that the PCB main control board can cool The heap performs job control.
  • the surface of the lens By coating the surface of the lens with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer, the surface of the lens is smooth and not easy to be polluted, thereby realizing the self-cleaning function of the condensation system, reducing the operation and maintenance of the staff, realizing real-time long-term online measurement, and improving the performance of the condensation system service life.
  • the metal material layer is directly coated on the cold end as a mirror layer, since the thickness of the mirror layer is much smaller than the thickness of the lens, the cooling efficiency of the mirror layer is higher, and the dew point measurement capability is better. The response speed is faster, and the dew point that can be measured is lower.
  • the metal material is platinum metal.
  • the packaging platform is used to reduce the loss of cooling power.
  • the packaging platform is a hollow quadrangular truss structure.
  • the hollow quadrangular truss structure is used to match the structure of the cold end and reduce the cooling power loss. , Improve the response speed of the condensation system. Further, the thermometer extends out of the packaging table.
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by stacking at least one-stage refrigeration structure, and the refrigeration stack is divided according to the number of stages of the stacked refrigeration structure.
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by stacking two-stage refrigeration structures, it is divided into two-stage refrigeration stack, wherein the second-stage refrigeration structure of the two-stage refrigeration stack is located above the first-stage refrigeration structure;
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by stacking three-stage refrigeration structures, it is divided into a three-stage refrigeration stack, wherein the three-stage refrigeration stack
  • the first, second, and third-stage refrigeration structures are arranged sequentially from bottom to top, and so on, which will not be repeated here.
  • the top of the formed refrigeration stack is the cold end, and the bottom is the hot end; the packaging platform is at least covered outside the cold end to prevent the cooling of the cold end from being lost.
  • the refrigerating stack cover is arranged outside the top-level refrigerating structure of the refrigerating stack to better seal the cold end.
  • the packaging table cover when the refrigeration stack is a first-stage refrigeration stack, the packaging table cover is arranged above the hot end; when the refrigeration pile is a secondary refrigeration pile, the packaging table cover is arranged on the secondary refrigeration pile outside the second-stage refrigeration structure of the three-stage refrigeration stack; when the refrigeration stack is a three-stage refrigeration stack, the packaging table cover is arranged outside the third-stage refrigeration structure of the three-stage refrigeration stack; and so on, which will not be repeated here.
  • the refrigeration stack is formed by stacking two-stage refrigeration structures, and the two-stage refrigeration structures are divided into a first-stage refrigeration structure and a second-stage refrigeration structure stacked from bottom to top; the second-stage refrigeration structure The top is the cold end, the bottom of the first-stage refrigeration structure is the hot end, the thermometer is embedded in the second-stage refrigeration structure; the packaging table cover is arranged outside the second refrigeration structure, and the packaging table The bottom is in sealing connection with the upper surface of the first refrigeration structure.
  • thermometer is embedded in the second-stage refrigeration structure, which can make the structure of the dew condensation system more compact, and can also improve the detection accuracy.
  • size of the refrigeration stack increases sequentially from top to bottom, so that the design is more convenient for refrigeration and the volume is reduced.
  • the dew condensation system is embedded in the photoelectric detection system, and a dew condensation port for communicating with the outside is provided in the photoelectric detection chamber;
  • the dew condensation system includes a refrigeration stack and a thermometer, The top of the refrigeration stack is a cold end, and the bottom is a hot end, and the thermometer is closely attached to the lower surface of the cold end;
  • the outer wall of the dew condensation port is covered with a thermal insulation film;
  • the thermal insulation There is a gap on the film, the gap is located at the position of the dew condensation port, and a lens is placed on the gap, and the lens is sealed and connected with the dew condensation port, and the bottom surface of the lens is close to the upper surface of the cold end, and is connected with the cold end
  • the upper surface of the part works together to press the heat insulation film at the edge of the notch to seal the cold end; the cold end directly contacts the lens through the notch to conduct cold, and the lens is coated with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic material layer.
  • the heat insulation film is used to seal the cold end to avoid loss of cooling capacity, thereby improving the dew point measurement capability and achieving the effect of measuring a lower dew point under the same conditions.
  • the use of heat insulation film for sealing can greatly reduce the cooling space, further reduce the loss of cooling capacity, and reduce the volume of the dew condensation system.
  • the dew condensation system is embedded in the photoelectric detection system, and a dew condensation port for communicating with the outside is provided in the photoelectric detection chamber;
  • the dew condensation system includes a refrigeration stack and a measurement A thermometer, the top of the refrigeration stack is a cold end, and the bottom is a hot end, and the thermometer is attached to the lower surface of the cold end;
  • the upper surface of the cold end is coated with a metal material layer,
  • the mirror layer is coated with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer;
  • the oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer is sealed and connected to the dew condensation port, and the cold end is covered with a heat-insulating film, and the heat-insulating film is removed from the cold
  • the lower surface of the end is close to the periphery of the cold end and extends to the inner wall of the dew condensation port, and is sealed and connected with the inner wall of the dew condensation port, so as to seal the dew condensation port together with the oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer.
  • a metal material layer is directly coated on the upper surface of the cold end as a mirror layer, and a thermal insulation film is pasted on the lower surface of the cold end to the part in the photoelectric detection system to avoid the loss of cold energy and ensure The emitted light in the photoelectric detection system can be reflected by the mirror to ensure the accuracy of detection.
  • This solution reduces system components, such as heat-conducting copper body, lens and packaging platform, greatly reduces the volume of the dew condensation system, thereby improving the response rate, reducing cooling loss, and improving the dew point measurement capability. Under the same other conditions, it can Measure lower dew points.
  • the lower surface of the cold end to the periphery of the cold end is sealed by the heat insulation film, and the upper surface of the cold end is sealed by the metal material layer and the oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer, thereby jointly sealing the dew condensation port, It can prevent the cold energy of the cold end from escaping from the connection position between the cold end and the photoelectric detection system; the lower surface of the cold end and the surrounding of the cold end are sealed by a heat-insulating film, which can also prevent the loss of cold, so that The cold energy is quickly transferred to the metal material layer.
  • the heat insulation film is a PTFE film.
  • the PTFE membrane is extremely thin and has good sealing properties.
  • the power of the whole machine is greatly reduced.
  • the power of the dew point sensor can be reduced to 5w or even lower; while the power of the traditional dew point sensor generally reaches 100w or even higher.
  • the photoelectric detection system includes a detection chamber, a detection cover, a photoelectric detection element and a temperature detection element, the detection cover is arranged above the detection chamber, and a horizontally open A detection channel;
  • the detection cavity includes a first installation cavity and a second installation cavity respectively arranged below and above the detection channel, and the dew condensation system and the photoelectric detection element are respectively arranged in the first installation cavity and the second installation cavity
  • the photoelectric detection element is used to emit detection light, and the detection light emitted by the photoelectric detection element passes through the second installation cavity and is projected onto the dew condensation system in the first installation cavity;
  • the temperature detection element is equipped with a temperature tube , the temperature tube and the temperature detection element are arranged above the photoelectric detection element and are arranged through the detection cover for detecting the temperature of the external environment.
  • the temperature detection element needs to be connected with an external controller, the temperature detection element and the photoelectric detection element are set separately, that is, the temperature detection element is set separately. This results in a relatively large volume of the dew point sensor and many lines.
  • the temperature detection element and the photoelectric detection element are set on the same detection cavity, that is, the temperature detection element and the dew condensation system are integrated on the same probe, which simplifies the structure of the whole dew point sensor and makes the dew point sensor smaller and more compact. Easier to carry.
  • the dew condensation system is sealed and connected with the first installation chamber, so as to prevent moisture, corrosive gas, etc. from entering the inner space of the first installation chamber from the dew condensation port and damaging the internal circuit of the dew condensation system.
  • the first installation chamber squeezes the packaging table of the dew condensation system, so that the packaging table, the cold end and the first installation chamber form a sealing effect, thereby preventing external water vapor, corrosive gas, etc. from entering the first installation from the dew condensation port.
  • the internal space of the first installation cavity will damage the circuit; or the first installation cavity is glued to the heat insulation film of the dew condensation system, and then the inner space of the first installation cavity is closed to prevent external water vapor and corrosive gas from entering the first installation cavity from the dew condensation port. space, damage the internal circuit of the condensation system.
  • a sealing ring is provided between the detection chamber and the housing; and the detection cover is in a sealed connection with the temperature tube. Specifically, when the detection cavity and the detection cover are detachably connected, a sealing ring is also provided between the detection cavity and the detection cover.
  • the working principle of the photoelectric cold mirror dew point sensor in this technical solution is: the temperature of the lens/mirror surface layer is reduced to the point where condensation or frost occurs on the surface of the lens/lens layer through cooling of the refrigeration stack.
  • the photodetection element emits light and monitors the intensity of the light reflected by the lens/mirror surface. Through the photoelectric detection element, the change of the dew condensation thickness on the mirror surface can be monitored.
  • the lens/mirror surface temperature can be regarded as the dew point temperature
  • the thermometer is used to measure the lens/mirror surface temperature to obtain the dew point temperature.
  • the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention effectively solves the problem of large volume, high power consumption and high cost of the existing dew point instrument through the innovative condensation system, heat dissipation system and highly integrated main control system. , poor continuous working accuracy and other problems, it has the beneficial effects of compact structure, reduced power consumption, reduced cost, improved efficiency, and extended service life.
  • the invention also adopts semiconductor technology to plate platinum and coat the mirror surface of oil-resistant and hydrophobic materials, and software control to obtain the effect of anti-fouling and self-cleaning, and ensure the long-term working accuracy of the instrument.
  • Fig. 1 is a disassembled structure diagram of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the present invention along B-B direction.
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the welding pin of the present invention when it is fixed.
  • Fig. 4 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of the dew condensation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a disassembled structure diagram of the dew condensation system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a disassembled structure diagram of the photoelectric detection system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a circuit structure diagram of the PCB main control board of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the dew condensation system in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of the dew condensation system in Embodiment 2.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the dew condensation system in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic perspective view of the three-dimensional structure of the dew condensation system in Embodiment 3.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of the dew condensation system in Embodiment 3.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the detection chamber of the third embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of part A in FIG. 11 .
  • FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view of the detection chamber in Embodiment 4.
  • FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of part B in FIG. 13 .
  • this embodiment discloses a photoelectric cold mirror dew point sensor, which includes a control system, a dew condensation system 14 and a photoelectric detection system connected in sequence.
  • the control system includes a housing and a PCB main control board 6, a PCB adapter board 8 and solder pins 9 installed in the housing in sequence; the bottom and top of the PCB main control board 6 are respectively provided with an aviation connector 6-1 and a connecting seat 6-2, the aviation connector 6-1 passes through the bottom of the shell, and is used to connect with external electrical components; the connection seat 6-2 is connected to the PCB adapter board 8, and then connected to the welding pin 9, and connected through the welding pin 9 Condensation system 14 and photoelectric detection system.
  • the housing includes a bottom cover 3 and a heat sink 11 connected to each other, and the PCB main control board 6 , the PCB adapter board 8 and the welding pins 9 are arranged in the heat sink 11 .
  • the bottom cover 3 is a hollow structure, the aviation connector 6-1 passes through the bottom cover 3, and is exposed outside the bottom cover 3, so as to be connected with external electrical devices; in order to prevent external water vapor from entering the heat sink 11, the bottom cover 3 are respectively provided with a first sealing ring 4 and a second sealing ring 5, and the aviation connector 6-1 and the cooling seat 11 are sealed and connected to the bottom cover 3 through the first sealing ring 4 and the second sealing ring 5 respectively.
  • the aviation joint 6-1 is fixedly connected to the bottom cover 3 through the nut 1, and the first sealing ring 4 is arranged between the outer wall of the aviation joint 6-1 and the inner wall of the bottom cover 3, and is used to prevent external water vapor from the aviation joint 6.
  • the gap between -1 and the bottom cover 3 enters into the heat sink 11;
  • the second sealing ring 5 is arranged between the heat sink 11 and the bottom cover 3 to prevent external water vapor from the gap between the heat sink 11 and the bottom cover 3 Enter the heat sink 11 inside.
  • the bottom of the aviation joint 6-1 connected to the bottom cover 3 is also provided with a nut 1, and the first sealing ring 4 is further compressed by the nut 1; the bottom of the bottom cover 3 is pierced with a first The set of screws 2, the bottom cover 3 and the heat sink 11 are fixedly connected by the first set of screws 2, and then the second sealing ring 5 is further compressed to ensure the sealing.
  • the existing scheme of separating control and detection is abandoned, high integration is realized, the volume is smaller, it is easy to carry, it is convenient to embed into other systems, and the application scenarios are wider.
  • the photoelectric detection system includes a detection cavity 15, a detection cover 18, a photoelectric detection element 16 and a temperature detection element 19, the detection cover 18 is arranged above the detection cavity 15, and the bottom of the detection cavity 15 and the heat dissipation seat of the PCB main control board 6 11 is connected at the top, and a third sealing ring 13 is provided at the connection position, so that the detection chamber 15 is connected with the heat sink 11 in a sealed manner.
  • a fourth sealing ring 17 is provided between the top of the detection chamber 15 and the detection cover 18, so as to make the sealing connection between the detection chamber 15 and the detection cover 18, better protect the photoelectric detection element 16, and prevent it from being corroded by moisture. .
  • the temperature detection element 19 is installed through the detection cover 18, and the bottom of the temperature detection element 19 is connected to the detection cavity 15, and the temperature detection element 19 is covered with a temperature tube 20, and the temperature tube 20 passes through the detection cover 18 and is exposed to the detection chamber. Cover 18 above.
  • a third set of screws 21 is provided between the detection cover 18 and the detection cavity 15 , and the set of screws passes through the detection cover 18 and the detection cavity 15 sequentially from the top of the detection cover 18 .
  • the top of the welding needle 9 is provided with a needle position fixing plate 12 for fixing the welding needle 9; the third sealing ring 13 is sleeved outside the needle position fixing plate 12; the PCB adapter plate 8
  • the upper surface is provided with a silicone gasket 10 , the welding needle 9 passes through the silicone gasket 10 , and the two ends of the welding needle 9 are respectively connected to the PCB adapter board 8 and the pin position fixing board 12 .
  • the silicone gasket 10 is used to prevent water vapor from the condensation system from penetrating into the PCB adapter board 8 and the PCB main control board 6 below the silicone gasket 10 .
  • a second set of screws 7 is provided between the PCB adapter plate 8 , soldering pins 9 , the silicone gasket 10 and the pin position fixing plate 12 , and is fixed by the second set of screws 7 in sequence.
  • connection seat 6-2 above the PCB main control board 6 is plugged and connected to the PCB adapter board 8, the solder pin 9 is inserted on the PCB adapter board 8, and the PCB adapter board 8 is provided with a 9 one-to-one corresponding insertion holes.
  • the silicone gasket 10 is arranged on the upper surface of the PCB adapter plate 8, and the silicone gasket 10 is also provided with insertion holes corresponding to the welding pins 9 one by one; the needle position fixing plate 12 is arranged above the silicone gasket 10, and the welding needles 9 passes through the silicone gasket 10 and is fixed on the needle position fixing plate 12.
  • the contour of the pin position fixing plate 12 matches the contour of the top opening of the heat sink 11 to seal the heat sink 11.
  • the pin position fixing plate 12 is also used to fix the solder pin 9, and then connect the solder pin 9 to the metal heat sink 11 Separated to form the effect of insulation, to ensure the requirements of electrical insulation, and can effectively fix the dew condensation system 14, so that the dew condensation system 14 is located at the center of the surface of the heat sink 11 .
  • the PCB adapter board 8 and the silicone gasket 10 are provided with holes for screws to pass through, and the needle position fixing plate 12 is provided with an installation port for screws to pass through, and the screws can also restrict the needle position fixing plate in the installation port. 12 moves to avoid deflection of the pin position fixing plate 12, thereby fixing the welding pin 9.
  • the dew condensation system 14 includes a refrigeration stack 22, a thermometer 23, and a lens 24, wherein the top of the refrigeration stack 22 is a cold end 222, and the bottom is a hot end 221.
  • the thermometer 23 is embedded in the lower surface of the cold end portion 222 of the refrigeration stack 22, and the lens 24 is close to the upper surface of the refrigeration stack 22; and the lens 24 is a silicon chip, and the silicon chip is smaller in size and thinner in thickness; the lens 24
  • the surface of the lens 24 is coated with an oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer, so that the surface of the lens 24 is smooth and not easy to be polluted, and the self-cleaning function of the dew condensation system 14 is realized.
  • the dimensions of the bottom of the refrigeration stack 22 are greater than the dimensions of the top of the refrigeration stack 22 .
  • the refrigeration stack 22 of this embodiment is a two-stage refrigeration stack, and the two-stage refrigeration stack includes a first-stage refrigeration structure and a second-stage refrigeration structure stacked from bottom to top, wherein the outer cover of the second-stage refrigeration structure is provided with
  • the packaging station 25 is used to reduce the cooling power loss of the cold end portion 222 .
  • the bottom of the packaging platform 25 is sealed and connected to the upper surface of the first-stage refrigeration structure, and the thermometer 23 extends out of the packaging platform 25;
  • the size of the refrigeration structure matches, the top of the packaging platform 25 is sealed and connected with the lens 24, and the size of the lens 24 matches the size of the hollow structure at the top of the packaging platform 25.
  • the middle part of detection cavity 15 is provided with the detection channel 151 of transverse opening;
  • the dew system 14 is respectively arranged in the second installation chamber and the first installation chamber of the detection chamber 15, and the top of the first installation chamber is provided with a dew condensation port 152 for communicating with the outside world, and the dew condensation port 152 communicates with the detection channel 151 for Condensation test.
  • the lens 24 fits on the dew condensation port 152, and is sealed and connected with the dew condensation port 152, thereby sealing the inside of the packaging table 25, and avoiding the loss of cold energy at the cold end.
  • the packaging platform 25 is made of silica gel, and when the dew condensation system 14 is fitted in the first installation cavity of the detection cavity 15, the lens 24 seals the dew condensation opening 152; and the first installation cavity squeezes the packaging platform 25, so that the refrigeration stack 22
  • the cold end 222 of the cold end 222, the packaging table 25 and the first installation cavity form a sealing effect among the three, preventing external water vapor, corrosive gas, etc. from entering the inner space of the first installation cavity from the dew condensation port, and damaging the circuit.
  • the dew condensation system 14 is installed on the pin position fixing plate 12, and the hot end 221 of the refrigeration stack 22 is in contact with the pin position fixing plate 12, and conducts heat through the pin position fixing plate 12; 11 is sealed and connected, and the heat sink 11 is sealed and connected with the detection chamber 15 through the third sealing ring 13 to seal the dew condensation system 14, so that the refrigeration stack 22 and the thermometer 23 of the dew condensation system 14 are isolated from the outside world, effectively protecting the element Devices to prevent components from being corroded by moisture.
  • the working principle of the optical chilled mirror dew point sensor is as follows: the temperature of the lens 24 is lowered to the point where condensation or frost occurs on the surface of the lens 24 through cooling by the refrigeration stack 22 .
  • the photoelectric detection element 16 emits light, and monitors the light intensity of the light reflected by the surface of the lens 24 . Through the photoelectric detection element 16, the change of the dew condensation thickness on the mirror surface can be monitored.
  • the temperature of the lens 24 can be regarded as the dew point temperature, and the thermometer 23 is used to measure the temperature of the lens 24 to obtain the dew point temperature.
  • the relative humidity of the gas can be calculated according to the definition of relative humidity.
  • the PCB main control board 6 is provided with a filter circuit 61, a communication circuit 62, a main control circuit 63, an analog circuit 64 and a refrigeration circuit 65;
  • the filter circuit 61 is used to filter out interference, so that the external power supply Provide stable current input to the communication circuit 62, the main control circuit 63, the analog circuit 64 and the refrigeration circuit 65; specifically, the external power supply passes through the filter circuit 61 to filter out common-mode interference and ripple interference.
  • Supply power to the main control circuit 63 , the communication circuit 62 , the cooling circuit 65 and the analog circuit 64 So as to ensure that each circuit has a stable power input, so that the work is stable and the measurement results are accurate.
  • the communication circuit 62 is connected with an external electrical device through the aviation connector 6-1 to realize data transmission; specifically, the main control circuit 63 can be connected with an external host computer or external equipment through the communication circuit 62 to transmit data to the external host computer or external equipment. Data; at the same time, the external host computer or external equipment can also read the sensor data through the communication circuit 62, and upgrade the firmware of the sensor.
  • the main control circuit 63 is connected to the communication circuit 62, the analog circuit 64 and the refrigeration circuit 65 respectively, and is used to realize signal transmission and work control; The signal is accurately measured to obtain the temperature value; on the other hand, the main control circuit 63 obtains the measured value of the photoelectric detection system through a high-precision ADC, and controls the dew condensation state of the lens 24 of the dew condensation system 14 in real time. Then adjust the PWM duty cycle to realize the voltage adjustment of the refrigeration circuit 65 according to the condensation state such as whether condensation is formed or the thickness of the condensation, and the refrigeration circuit 65 increases the refrigeration voltage or reduces the refrigeration voltage, so that the condensation system 14 The dew condensation state of the lens 24 quickly reaches a dynamic balance. Finally, the photoelectric detection system is used to obtain the dew point value and the actual temperature value of the lens 24 to achieve dynamic balance, so as to calculate data such as relative humidity.
  • the ADC is an analog-to-digital converter.
  • the analog circuit 64 is respectively connected to the dew condensation system 14 and the photoelectric detection system through the connection seat 6-2 for detection and control signals, and the analog circuit 64 is provided with a temperature measurement circuit 641, a mirror surface measurement circuit, and a mirror surface measurement circuit respectively connected to the main control circuit 63 signal.
  • the photoelectric detection system is electrically connected, and the main control circuit 63 controls the operation of the photoelectric detection system through the temperature measurement circuit 641 and the photoelectric measurement circuit 643 .
  • the analog circuit 64 makes the electric signal of the connected platinum resistor of the dew condensation system 14 more stable through precision operational amplifier circuits such as voltage follower and constant current source, so that the main control circuit 63 can perform accurate measurement.
  • the signal output between the main control circuit 63 and the photoelectric detection system is stabilized by the constant current source.
  • the analog circuit 64 also amplifies the electrical signal of the photoelectric detection system through a precision amplifier circuit, so as to make the electrical signal of the photoelectric detection system more stable.
  • the refrigeration circuit 65 is connected to the dew condensation system 14 through the connection socket for cooling or heating.
  • the main control circuit 63 can adjust the PWM duty ratio to the refrigeration circuit 65 according to the dew condensation state detected by the photoelectric detection system, so as to adjust the power of the refrigeration circuit 65, so that the mirror quickly reaches the dew condensation balance state,
  • the dynamic equilibrium state is the state when the dew condensation system has just condensed.
  • the cooling circuit 65 is provided with a switching power supply IC, and the main control circuit 63 outputs PWMs with different duty ratios to the feedback terminal of the switching power supply IC, so that the switching power supply IC outputs different voltages to realize power regulation of the cooling circuit 65, Therefore, the dew condensation system 14 quickly reaches the dynamic balance of dew condensation.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that no lens is provided on the refrigeration stack 22, but a mirror layer is formed by coating the upper surface of the cold end portion 222 with a metal material layer, Then coat the oil-resistant and hydrophobic material layer on the mirror surface layer to avoid the adhesion of external oil stains.
  • the oil-repellent and hydrophobic material layer is in the first installation cavity, is sealed and connected with the packaging platform 25, and cooperates with the packaging platform 25 to cling to the lower surface of the dew condensation opening.
  • the metal material layer is a metal platinum layer.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the cold end portion 222 of the refrigeration stack 22 is not covered with an encapsulation platform, but the outer wall surface of the dew condensation port is covered with heat insulation Membrane 26 to avoid cooling loss.
  • a gap is provided on the heat insulating film 26, and the gap is located on the upper surface of the cold end portion 222.
  • the lens 24 is placed on the gap, and the lens 24 is sealed and connected to the dew condensation port, and the bottom surface of the lens 24 is close to the upper surface of the cold end portion 222. surface, and cooperate with the upper surface of the cold end 222 to press the insulation film on the edge of the gap to seal the cold end 222; meanwhile, the cold end 222 directly contacts the lens 24 through the gap and conducts cold.
  • the dew condensation system 14 is installed in the first installation cavity of the detection chamber 15, and the heat insulation film 26 is placed on the outer wall of the dew condensation opening, and is close to the dew condensation opening; the lens 24 is placed on the heat insulation film 26, and the lens 24 and the The dew condensation port in the first installation cavity is sealed and connected, and the lens 24 presses the heat insulation film 26 on the dew condensation port, and the edge of the heat insulation film 26 is closely connected with the cold end 222 to seal the cold end 222, so that the lens 24 , the thermal insulation film 26 and the cold end portion 222 are sealed and connected, which not only ensures the cooling effect, but also prevents external water vapor and corrosive gas from entering the inner space of the first installation cavity from the dew condensation port and damaging the circuit.
  • the heat insulating film 26 is a PTFE film.
  • the difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is that the cold end portion 222 is not covered with a packaging platform, but the cold end portion 222 is covered with a heat insulating film 26, In order to avoid the loss of cold; moreover, no eyeglass is provided on the cold end 222, but a mirror layer is formed by coating the upper surface of the cold end 222 with a metal material layer, and then the oil-resistant and hydrophobic material layer is coated on the mirror layer , to avoid the adhesion of external oil.
  • the dew condensation system 14 is installed in the first installation cavity of the detection cavity 15, and the metal material layer and the oil-resistant and hydrophobic layer
  • the upper surface of the cold end portion 222 can be effectively sealed; the heat insulation film 26 is in sealing connection with the lower surface of the cold end portion 222 .
  • the heat insulation film 26 extends from the lower surface of the cold end portion 222 close to the periphery of the cold end portion 222 into the first installation cavity of the detection chamber 15, and the heat insulation film 26 is close to the dew condensation port in the first installation cavity.
  • the heat insulation film 26 seals the lower surface and surroundings of the cold end portion 222, and seals with the surroundings of the dew condensation port, so as to avoid the loss of cooling capacity of the cold end portion 222 and ensure the cooling effect. Such setting not only ensures the requirement of condensation, but also makes the volume of the entire condensation system 14 smaller and the refrigeration efficiency is higher.
  • the thermal insulation film 26 is a PTFE film
  • the metal material layer is a metal platinum layer.

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Abstract

一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，包括依次连接的控制***、结露***（14）和光电检测***；控制***包括壳体和依次安装于壳体内的PCB主控板（6）、PCB转接板（8）和焊针（9），PCB主控板（6）的底部和顶部分别设有航空接头（6-1）和连接座（6-2），航空接头（6-1）穿过壳体的底部，用于与外部的电器件连接；连接座（6-2）与PCB转接板（8）连接，进而连接焊针（9），并通过焊针（9）连接结露***（14）和光电检测***。光电冷镜式露点传感器通过半导体工艺镀铂金并涂覆抗油疏水材料的镜面，及软件控制，获得抗污自清洁的效果，保证仪器长期工作精度；有效解决了现有的露点仪体积大、功耗高，成本高等问题，具有结构紧凑小巧、降低功耗、降低成本和提高效率、延长使用寿命的有益效果。

Description

一种光电冷镜式露点传感器 技术领域
本发明涉及结露测量的技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种光电冷镜式露点传感器。
 背景技术
露点仪是测量气体中含有水汽含量的仪器设备，配合测量气体温度，可以获得气体的温湿度。光学冷镜式露点仪因其测量精度高，长期稳定可靠，被国际通用作为计量检测行业测量露点和温湿度的传递标准。
虽然露点仪具有以上精度高、长期稳定可靠的特点，但其价格高昂、使用和维护频繁是其不可回避的问题，测量范围窄、仪器体积大等因素也限制了使用场景。
其次要保证露点仪高精度，测量气体必须清洁干净无污染，或者定期清洗镜面污染物，否则容易受镜面污染物影响导致测量露点偏差从而影响仪器精度。
而且，现有的露点仪镜面采用大尺寸铜镀金，铜块惯性大导致响应速度慢，铜镀金工艺表面容易脏污；且大尺寸铜镀金，消耗制冷功率，导致制冷温差小，测量露点范围小。
 另外，由于现有的露点仪功耗较大，因此露点仪的控制***一般为外接机体的结构。导致露点仪功耗较大的主要原因有：一是现有的露点仪控制***采用MOS管调节输出功率，但MOS管体积大，不利于小型化，且会产生大量热源，散热比较困难；二是现有的露点仪控制***设置了大功耗的显示器，导致整个露点仪的功耗难以降低；三是现有的露点仪结露***由于制冷效率低、因此所需的制冷功率大、功耗高；四是现有的露点仪测量外界温度的温度计结露***分离，也导致了线路复杂、功耗高。由于露点仪的控制***为外接的机体结构，因此导致了露点仪整体的笨重、成本高、不便携带，应用场景有限；由于控制***外接，也导致需要外接控制***，并测量外界温度的温度计难以与结露***集成于同一检测腔内，从而导致测量的不便，以及进一步导致了整个露点仪体积大、成本高。
 技术问题
本发明旨在克服上述现有技术的至少一种缺陷（不足），提供一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，用于解决现有的露点仪控制***体积大、应用场景受限的问题。
 技术解决方案
为解决上述的技术问题，本发明采取的技术方案是：一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，包括依次连接的控制***、结露***和光电检测***；所述控制***包括壳体和依次安装于壳体内的PCB主控板、PCB转接板和焊针，所述PCB主控板的底部和顶部分别设有航空接头和连接座，所述航空接头穿过壳体的底部，用于与外部的电器件连接；所述连接座与PCB转接板连接，进而连接焊针，并通过焊针连接结露***和光电检测***。
本技术方案中，通过高度集成化，采用一体式PCB主控板取代台式控制器，从而使整套设备的体积达到缩小，以便于携带和使用；通过采用一体式PCB主控板，也取消了原来的大功耗显示器，从而降低了整机的功耗，使PCB主控板的散热性能符合要求。
具体地，通过将PCB主控板设置于壳体内，摒弃了现有技术中将PCB主控板与测量单元分开的方案，实现了露点传感器的小巧，高度集成化、方便嵌入其他***，应用场景更广阔。同时，由于PCB主控板设置在壳体内，也节省了露点传感器的的成本。另外，航空接头穿过壳体的底部，以便于在使用时，直接将外部电器件与航空接头连接，从而降低了生产难度和生产成本、也提高了生产效率。
进一步地，由于PCB主控板集成于壳体内，光电检测***可以直接与结露***连接，进而与控制***连接，实现整个露点传感器一体化设置，简化了露点传感器的结构，以便于携带和使用。
在其中一种实施例中，所述壳体包括相互连接的底盖和散热座；所述PCB主控板、PCB转接板和焊针设置在散热座内，所述底盖为中空结构，所述航空接头穿过底盖，且外露于底盖之外；所述航空接头与底盖的连接位置处设有密封圈。
本技术方案中，可以通过散热座的金属导热功能，对PCB主控板和结露***进行散热。具体地，散热座对结露***进行散热是，主要是对结露***的热端部进行散热。通过在航空接头与底盖之间设置密封圈，将航空接头与底盖的连接位置密封，以保证散热座底部的密封效果，避免水汽从散热座底部渗入，影响PCB主控板性能。具体地，当散热座与底盖之间为可拆卸连接关系时，还可以在散热座与底盖之间设置密封圈，进一步保证散热座底部的密封效果。
在其中一种实施例中，所述散热座的顶部设有开口，所述开口上覆盖有针位固定板，用于固定焊针；且所述开口的轮廓与针位固定板的轮廓吻合。
通过将散热座开口的轮廓设计为与针位固定板的轮廓吻合，一方面可以固定针位固定板，另一方面也可以通过针位固定板，对散热座的顶部进行封闭。
在其中一种实施例中，所述针位固定板与PCB转接板之间设有硅胶密封垫，所述焊针从下到上依次穿设于PCB转接板、硅胶密封垫和针位固定板之间，并共同密封散热座的顶部。
一方面，针位固定板将焊针与金属材质的散热座隔开，以形成绝缘的效果，保证了电气绝缘的要求，并能有效固定结露***，使结露***处于壳体的表面中心位置。
另一方面，通过设置硅胶密封垫将散热座的顶部密封，再通过针位固定板与散热器的顶部开口吻合，实现密封，使散热座内部密封，以更好地保护PCB主控板，使其不易受外界水汽或气体腐蚀损坏。
在其中一种实施方式中，所述PCB主控板上设有滤波电路、通讯电路、主控电路、模拟电路和制冷电路；所述滤波电路用于滤除干扰，使外部电源向通讯电路、主控电路、模拟电路和制冷电路提供稳定的电流输入；具体地，外部电源通过滤波电路，滤除共模干扰和纹波干扰。给主控电路、通讯电路、制冷电路和模拟电路供电。从而保证各个电路有稳定的电源输入，使得工作稳定，测量结果准确。所述通讯电路通过航空接头与外部的电器件连接，实现数据传输；具体地，主控电路可通过通讯电路与外部上位机或外部设备连接，以向外部上位机或外部设备传输数据；同时外部上位机或外部设备也可通过通讯电路读取传感器数据，以及对传感器的固件进行升级。
所述主控电路分别连接通讯电路、模拟电路和制冷电路，用于实现信号传输和工作控制；具体地，主控电路一方面通过高精度ADC实现对结露***的铂电阻电信号精确测量，以得到温度值；另一方面，主控电路通过高精度ADC获取光电检测***的测量值，实时掌控结露***的结露状态。其中，ADC为模拟数字转换器；该结露状态可以为是否发生结露的状态，也可以为发生结露时，结露厚度的状态。再通过是否结露、结露的厚度等结露状态，调节PWM占空比，以实现对制冷电路的电压调节，具体地，制冷电路通过加大制冷电压或降低制冷电压，从而使结露***的结露状态快速达到动态平衡，该动态平衡状态为结露***刚出现结露的状态。最后再通过光电检测***获取结露***达到动态平衡的露点数值和温度实值，以计算出相对湿度等数据。
所述模拟电路通过连接座分别连接结露***和光电检测***，用于检测和控制信号，且所述模拟电路上设有分别与主控电路信号连接的测温电路、镜面测露点电路和光电测量电路；所述镜面测露点电路与结露***电连接，所述主控电路通过镜面测露点电路和制冷电路控制结露***的工作；所述测温电路和光电测量电路分别与光电检测***电连接，所述主控电路通过光电测量电路控制光电检测***的工作。
具体地，模拟电路一方面通过电压跟随器和恒流源等精密运放电路，使接入的结露***的铂电阻电信号更稳定，以便主控电路进行精确测量。另一方面还通过恒流源稳定主控电路和光电检测***之间的信号输出。另外，模拟电路还通过精密放大电路对光电检测***的电信号放大，使光电检测***的电信号更稳定。
所述制冷电路通过连接座连接结露***，用于进行制冷或加热。具体地，主控电路可以根据光电检测***检测到的结露状态，调节PWM的占空比给制冷电路，以对制冷电路的功率进行调节，使镜面快速达到结露平衡的状态。
在其中一种实施方式中，所述制冷电路上设置有开关电源IC，所述主控电路通过输出不同占空比的PWM给开关电源IC反馈端，使开关电源IC输出不同的电压，实现对制冷电路的功率调节，从而使结露***快速达到结露的动态平衡。
通过上述的PWM占空比调节，从而获得高效率低损耗的调节输出功率，也大大降低发热量，使PCB主控板满足露点传感器的性能要求。
进一步地，所述模拟电路上设有屏蔽罩，以抗干扰；且滤波电路、通讯电路、主控电路和制冷电路在PCB主控板上的工作分工明确、层次分明，可以更快速地响应工作，提高工作效率，降低功耗。
在其中一种实施例中，所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆由至少一级制冷结构堆叠形成，且最顶级制冷结构的顶部为冷端部，最底级制冷结构的底部为热端部，所述测温计嵌入最顶级制冷结构内；所述热端部与控制***的壳体接触，并进行热量传递；所述冷端部的上表面粘设有镜片，所述镜片上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层；或，所述冷端部的上表面涂覆有金属材料层，作为镜面层，所述镜面层上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层；当所述制冷堆由一级制冷结构形成，则该制冷结构的顶部为冷端部，该制冷结构的底部为热端部，所述测温计嵌入冷端部的下方；所述热端部上方的制冷结构区域罩设有封装台，所述封装台的底部与热端部的上表面密封连接；当所述制冷堆有两级及以上制冷结构堆叠形成，则所述最顶级制冷结构外罩设有封装台；所述封装台的底部与次顶级制冷结构的上表面密封连接；所述封装台的顶部与抗油疏水材料层密封连接，以封闭冷端部。
现有的镜片一般为铜镀金，其体积比较大，不符合用户所需。且现有技术中，为便于放置测温计，一般还需要在镜片与制冷堆之间设置导热铜块，但导热铜块会带走部分冷量，进而导致制冷效率不高，因此往往需要采用比较大的功率进行制冷，且获得的露点温度有限。这也导致了所需使用的控制器体积大、功耗大。本技术方案中，通过直接在冷端部上设置镜片，减少冷量损耗，可以使镜片在短时间内快速获得冷量，以实现减小制冷堆的功耗，以便于PCB主控板对制冷堆进行工作控制。
通过在镜片的表面涂覆抗油疏水层，以使镜片表面光洁不易污染，从而实现结露***的自清洁功能，减少了工作人员的操作维护，实现实时长期在线测量，也提高了结露***的使用寿命。
进一步地，当直接在冷端部上涂覆金属材料层，作为镜面层时，由于镜面层的厚度远远小于镜片的厚度，因此，对镜面层的制冷效率更高，露点测量能力更好，响应速度更快，所能测量的露点更低。
优选地，该金属材料为金属铂。
本技术方案中，封装台用于减少制冷功率的损耗，封装台为中空的四棱台结构，采用中空的四棱台结构，是为了与冷端部的结构吻合，更能减少制冷功率的损耗，提高结露***的响应速度。进一步地，所述测温计延伸出封装台之外。
进一步地，所述制冷堆由至少一级制冷结构堆叠形成，且所述制冷堆根据堆叠的制冷结构级数进行划分，当所述制冷堆由两级制冷结构堆叠形成时，划分为二极制冷堆，其中，二级制冷堆的第二级制冷结构位于第一级制冷结构上方；当所述制冷堆由三级制冷结构堆叠形成时，划分为三级制冷堆，其中，三级制冷堆的第一、二、三级制冷结构从下到上依次设置，以此类推，此处不再赘述。
而所形成的制冷堆最顶部为冷端部，最底部为热端部；所述封装台至少罩设在冷端部外，以避免冷端部的冷量散失。优选地，所述制冷堆罩设于制冷堆的顶级的制冷结构外，以更好地密封冷端部。具体地，当所述制冷堆为一级制冷堆时，所述封装台罩设于热端部上方；当所述制冷堆为二级制冷堆时，所述封装台罩设于二级制冷堆的第二级制冷结构外；当所述制冷堆为三级制冷堆时，所述封装台罩设于三级制冷堆的第三级制冷结构外；以此类推，此处不再赘述。
优选地，所述制冷堆由两级制冷结构堆叠形成，所述两级制冷结构分为从下到上堆叠设置的第一级制冷结构和第二级制冷结构；所述第二级制冷结构的顶部为冷端部，所述第一级制冷结构的底部为热端部，所述测温计嵌入第二级制冷结构内；所述封装台罩设于第二制冷结构外，且封装台的底部与第一制冷结构的上表面密封连接。
本技术方案中，将测温计嵌入第二级制冷结构内，能使结露***的结构更紧凑小巧，同时也能提高检测精度。本技术方案中，制冷堆的尺寸从上到下依次增大，这样设计更便于进行制冷，减小体积。
在其中一种实施例中，所述结露***内嵌于光电检测***内，所述光电检测腔内设有用于与外界连通的结露口；所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆的顶部为冷端部，底部为热端部，所述测温计紧贴于冷端部的下表面；所述结露口的外壁面贴覆有隔热膜；所述隔热膜上设有缺口，所述缺口位于结露口的位置处，且缺口上放置有镜片，且所述镜片与结露口密封连接，且镜片的底面紧贴冷端部的上表面，并与冷端部的上表面共同作用压紧缺口边缘的隔热膜，以密封冷端部；所述冷端部通过缺口直接与镜片接触传导冷量，所述镜片上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层。
本技术方案中，采用隔热膜密封冷端部，避免冷量损耗，进而提高了露点测量能力，达到在同等条件下可以测量更低露点的效果。且采用隔热膜进行密封，可以大大缩小制冷的空间，更进一步减少冷量损耗，缩小了结露***的体积。
进一步地，作为另一种实施例方案，所述结露***内嵌于光电检测***内，所述光电检测腔内设有用于与外界连通的结露口；所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆的顶部为冷端部，底部为热端部，所述测温计紧贴于冷端部的下表面；所述冷端部的上表面涂覆有金属材料层，作为镜面层，所述镜面层上涂覆有抗油疏水层；所述抗油疏水层与结露口密封连接，且所述冷端部外贴覆有隔热膜，所述隔热膜从冷端部的下表面紧贴冷端部的四周延伸至结露口的内壁面，且与结露口的内壁面密封连接，以与抗油疏水层共同作用密封结露口。
本技术方案中，直接在冷端部的上表面涂覆金属材料层，作为镜面层，并在冷端部的下表面至光电检测***内的部分粘贴隔热膜，避免冷量散失，且保证光电检测***内的发射的光线能经过镜面反射，保证检测的精准性。该方案减少了***元器件，如导热铜体、镜片和封装台，使结露***的体积大大缩小，进而提高了响应速率，减少冷量损耗，提高了露点测量能力，在同等其他条件下可以测量更低露点。
具体地，粘贴隔热膜时，冷端部的下表面至冷端部的四周通过隔热膜密封，冷端部的上表面通过金属材料层和抗油疏水层密封，从而共同密封结露口，可以避免冷端部的冷量从冷端部与光电检测***的连接位置处逸出；冷端部的下表面至冷端部的四周通过隔热膜密封，也可以避免冷量散失，以使冷量快速传导至金属材料层。
进一步地，所述隔热膜为PTFE膜。PTFE膜极为薄且密封性良好。
通过对结露***的功率控制，进而使整机的功率大大降低，其中，露点传感器的功率可以降低至5w，甚至更低；而传统的露点传感器功率一般达到100w，甚至更高。
在其中一种实施例中，所述光电检测***包括检测腔、检测盖、光电检测元件和温度检测元件，所述检测盖设置于检测腔的上方，所述检测腔的中部设有横向开放的检测通道；所述检测腔包括分别设在所述检测通道下方和上方的第一安装腔和第二安装腔，所述结露***和光电检测元件分别设在第一安装腔和第二安装腔内，所述光电检测元件用于发射检测光线，且光电检测元件发出的检测光线穿过第二安装腔，投射至第一安装腔的结露***上；所述温度检测元件外套设有温度管，所述温度管和温度检测元件设在光电检测元件上方，且贯穿检测盖设置，用于检测外界环境温度。
现有技术中，由于温度检测元件需要与外部的控制器连接，因此，温度检测元件与光电检测元件是分开设置，即温度检测元件是分离式设置。这样造成露点传感器的体积比较大，线路多。本技术方案中，温度检测元件与光电检测元件设在同一检测腔上，即温度检测元件和结露***集成在同一探头上，这样简化了整套露点传感器的结构，使露点传感器的体积更小、更便于携带。
进一步地，结露***与第一安装腔密封连接，以防水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，损坏结露***的内部电路。具体地，第一安装腔通过挤压结露***的封装台，使得封装台、冷端部和第一安装腔三者形成密封效果，进而防止外界水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，对电路损坏；或第一安装腔与结露***的隔热膜胶粘连接，进而封闭第一安装腔内部空间，防止外界水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，损坏结露***内部电路。
在其中一种实施例中，所述检测腔与所述壳体之间设有密封圈；所述检测盖与温度管之间密封连接。具体地，当检测腔与检测盖为可拆卸连接时，所述检测腔与检测盖之间也设有密封圈。
本技术方案的光电冷镜式露点传感器的工作原理为：通过制冷堆制冷，将镜片/镜面层温度降低至镜片/镜片层表面出现结露或结霜。光电检测元件发射光线，并对该光线经过镜片/镜面表面反射回来的光强进行监测。通过光电检测元件，可监测出镜面结露厚度的变化。当结露或结霜厚度稳定时，即结露***达到动态平衡状态，镜片/镜面温度可视为露点温度，测温计用于测量镜片/镜面温度从而获得露点温度。通过测量气体温度和露点温度，根据水蒸汽饱和气压与温度关系，按照相对湿度定义可计算获得气体的相对湿度。
 有益效果
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：本发明通过创新的结露***，散热***，高度集成的主控***，有效解决了现有的露点仪体积大、功耗高，成本高、连续工作精度不佳等问题，具有结构紧凑小巧、降低功耗、降低成本和提高效率、延长使用寿命的有益效果。本发明还通过半导体工艺镀铂金并涂覆抗油疏水材料的镜面，及软件控制，获得抗污自清洁的效果，保证仪器长期工作精度。
 附图说明
图1为本发明的拆分结构图。
图2为本发明沿B-B方向的截面图。
图3为本发明焊针固定时的结构示意图。
图4为本发明实施例1结露***的立体结构图。
图5为本发明实施例1结露***的拆分结构图。
图6为本发明光电检测***的拆分结构图。
图7为本发明的PCB主控板电路结构图。
图8为实施例2的结露***结构示意图。
图9为实施例3的结露***立体结构示意图。
图10为实施例3的结露***拆分结构示意图。
图11为实施例3的检测腔的截面图。
图12为图11中A部分的放大图。
图13为实施例4中检测腔的截面图。
图14为图13中B部分的放大图。
 本发明的最佳实施方式
实施例 1
如图1和图2所示，本实施例公开了一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，包括依次连接的控制***、结露***14和光电检测***。
其中，控制***包括壳体以及依次安装在壳体内的PCB主控板6、PCB转接板8和焊针9；PCB主控板6的底部和顶部分别设有航空接头6-1和连接座6-2，航空接头6-1穿出壳体的底部，用于与外部的电器件连接；连接座6-2与PCB转接板8连接，进而连接焊针9，并通过焊针9连接结露***14和光电检测***。
进一步地，壳体包括相互连接的底盖3和散热座11，PCB主控板6、PCB转接板8和焊针9设置在散热座11内。
其中，底盖3为中空结构，航空接头6-1穿过底盖3，且外露于底盖3之外，以便于与外部的电器件连接；为避免外界水汽进入散热座11内，底盖3上分别设有第一密封圈4和第二密封圈5，航空接头6-1和散热座11分别通过第一密封圈4和第二密封圈5与底盖3密封连接。
具体地，航空接头6-1通过螺母1与底盖3固定连接，第一封闭圈4设在航空接头6-1的外壁与底盖3的内壁之间，用于防止外界水汽从航空接头6-1与底盖3之间的缝隙进入散热座11内部；第二密封圈5设在散热座11与底盖3之间，用于防止外界水汽从散热座11与底盖3之间的缝隙进入散热座11内部。
具体地，航空接头6-1与底盖3连接后的底部还设有螺母1，并通过螺母1进一步压紧第一密封圈4；底盖3的底部往散热座11方向穿设有第一组螺钉2，底盖3与散热座11之间并通过第一组螺钉2固定连接，进而进一步压紧第二密封圈5，保证密封性。
优选地，通过PCB主控板6的设置，摒弃了现有的控制与检测分开的方案，实现了高集成化、体积上也更小巧，便于携带，方便嵌入其他***，应用场景更开阔。
进一步地，光电检测***包括检测腔15、检测盖18、光电检测元件16和温度检测元件19，检测盖18设置于检测腔15的上方，检测腔15的底部与PCB主控板6的散热座11顶部连接，且连接位置上设有第三密封圈13，以使检测腔15与散热座11密封连接。
进一步地，检测腔15的顶部与检测盖18之间设有第四密封圈17，以使检测腔15与检测盖18之间密封连接，更好地保护光电检测元件16，防止受到湿气腐蚀。
进一步地，温度检测元件19贯穿检测盖18设置，且温度检测元件19的底部与检测腔15连接，温度检测元件19外套设有温度管20，温度管20穿过检测盖18，且外露于检测盖18之上。
具体地，检测盖18和检测腔15之间还设有第三组螺钉21，该组螺钉从检测盖18的顶部依次穿过检测盖18和检测腔15。
如图1和图3所示，焊针9的顶部设有针位固定板12，用于固定焊针9；第三密封圈13套设于针位固定板12外部；PCB转接板8的上表面设有硅胶密封垫10，所述焊针9穿过硅胶密封垫10，且焊针9的两端分别连接PCB转接板8和针位固定板12。硅胶密封垫10用于防止结露***的水汽渗入硅胶密封垫10下方的PCB转接板8和PCB主控板6内部。具体地，PCB转接板8、焊针9、硅胶密封垫10和针位固定板12之间设有第二组螺钉7，并通过第二组螺钉7依次进行固定。
具体地，PCB主控板6上方的连接座6-2与PCB转接板8插装连接，焊针9插装在PCB转接板8上，且PCB转接板8上设有与焊针9一一对应的插装孔。硅胶密封垫10设在PCB转接板8的上表面，硅胶密封垫10上也设有与焊针9一一对应的插装孔；针位固定板12设在硅胶密封垫10上方，焊针9穿过硅胶密封垫10，固定于针位固定板12上。针位固定板12的轮廓与散热座11顶部开口的轮廓吻合，以对散热座11进行密封，针位固定板12还用于固定焊针9，进而将焊针9与金属材质的散热座11隔开，以形成绝缘的效果，保证了电气绝缘的要求，并能有效固定结露***14，使结露***14处于散热座11的表面中心位置。
其中，PCB转接板8和硅胶密封垫10上设置有便于螺钉穿过的孔位，针位固定板12上设有用于螺钉穿过的安装口，螺钉在安装口内还可以限制针位固定板12移动，避免针位固定板12发生偏转，从而固定焊针9。
如图4和图5所示，进一步地，结露***14包括制冷堆22、测温计23和镜片24，其中，制冷堆22的顶部为冷端部222，底部为热端部221，测温计23嵌入于制冷堆22冷端部222的下表面内，镜片24紧贴于制冷堆22的上表面；且镜片24为硅片，使用硅片的体积更小、厚度更薄；镜片24的表面涂覆有抗油疏水层，以使镜片24表面光洁不易污染，并实现结露***14的自清洁功能。
优选地，制冷堆22底部的尺寸大于制冷堆22顶部的尺寸。
进一步地，本实施例的制冷堆22为二级制冷堆，二级制冷堆包括从下到上堆叠设置的第一级制冷结构和第二级制冷结构，其中，第二级制冷结构外罩设有封装台25，封装台25用于减少冷端部222的制冷功率的损耗。具体地，该封装台25的底部与第一级制冷结构的上表面密封连接，而测温计23延伸出封装台25之外；且封装台25为中空的四棱台结构，与第二级制冷结构的尺寸吻合，封装台25的顶部与镜片24密封连接，镜片24的尺寸与封装台25顶部的中空结构的尺寸吻合。
如图6所示，检测腔15的中部设有横向开放的检测通道151；检测腔15包括分别设在检测通道151下方和上方的第一安装腔和第二安装腔，光电检测元件16和结露***14分别设置于检测腔15的第二安装腔和第一安装腔内，第一安装腔的顶部设有用于与外界连通的结露口152，该结露口152与检测通道151连通，以便进行结露试验。且镜片24嵌合于结露口152上，与结露口152密封连接，进而封闭封装台25内部，避免冷端部的冷量散失。具体地，封装台25为硅胶材质，结露***14嵌合于检测腔15的第一安装腔内时，镜片24密封结露口152；且第一安装腔挤压封装台25，使得制冷堆22的冷端部222、封装台25和第一安装腔三者之间形成密封效果，防止外部水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，对电路损坏。
具体地，结露***14安装于针位固定板12上，制冷堆22的热端部221与针位固定板12接触，并通过针位固定板12传热；针位固定板12与散热座11密封连接，散热座11通过第三密封圈13与检测腔15密封连接，以密封结露***14，从而使结露***14的制冷堆22和测温计23均与外界隔离，有效保护元器件，防止元器件受到湿气腐蚀。
本实施例中，光学冷镜式露点传感器的工作原理为：通过制冷堆22制冷，将镜片24温度降低至镜片24表面出现结露或结霜。光电检测元件16发射光线，并对该光线经过镜片24表面反射回来的光强进行监测。通过光电检测元件16，可监测出镜面结露厚度的变化。当结露或结霜厚度稳定时，即结露***达到动态平衡状态，镜片24温度可视为露点温度，测温计23用于测量镜片24温度从而获得露点温度。通过测量气体温度和露点温度，根据水蒸汽饱和气压与温度关系，按照相对湿度定义可计算获得气体的相对湿度。
如图7所示，具体地，PCB主控板6上设有滤波电路61、通讯电路62、主控电路63、模拟电路64和制冷电路65；滤波电路61用于滤除干扰，使外部电源向通讯电路62、主控电路63、模拟电路64和制冷电路65提供稳定的电流输入；具体地，外部电源通过滤波电路61，滤除共模干扰和纹波干扰。给主控电路63、通讯电路62、制冷电路65和模拟电路64供电。从而保证各个电路有稳定的电源输入，使得工作稳定，测量结果准确。
通讯电路62通过航空接头6-1与外部的电器件连接，实现数据传输；具体地，主控电路63可通过通讯电路62与外部上位机或外部设备连接，以向外部上位机或外部设备传输数据；同时外部上位机或外部设备也可通过通讯电路62读取传感器数据，以及对传感器的固件进行升级。
主控电路63分别连接通讯电路62、模拟电路64和制冷电路65，用于实现信号传输和工作控制；具体地，主控电路63一方面通过高精度ADC实现对测温计23的铂电阻电信号精确测量，以得到温度值；另一方面，主控电路63通过高精度ADC获取光电检测***的测量值，实时掌控结露***14的镜片24结露状态。再通过是否结露、结露的厚度等结露状态，调节PWM占空比，以实现对制冷电路65的电压调节，制冷电路65加大制冷电压或降低制冷电压，从而使结露***14的镜片24结露状态快速达到动态平衡。最后再通过光电检测***获取镜片24达到动态平衡的露点数值和温度实值，以计算出相对湿度等数据。其中，ADC为模拟数字转换器。
模拟电路64通过连接座6-2分别连接结露***14和光电检测***，用于检测和控制信号，且模拟电路64上设有分别与主控电路63信号连接的测温电路641、镜面测露点电路642和光电测量电路643；镜面测露点电路642与结露***电连接，主控电路63通过镜面测露点电路642控制结露***14的工作；测温电路641和光电测量电路643分别与光电检测***电连接，主控电路63通过测温电路641和光电测量电路643控制光电检测***的工作。具体地，模拟电路64一方面通过电压跟随器和恒流源等精密运放电路，使接入的结露***14的铂电阻电信号更稳定，以便主控电路63进行精确测量。另一方面还通过恒流源稳定主控电路63和光电检测***之间的信号输出。另外，模拟电路64还通过精密放大电路对光电检测***的电信号放大，使光电检测***的电信号更稳定。
制冷电路65通过连接座连接结露***14，用于进行制冷或加热。具体地，主控电路63可以根据光电检测***检测到的结露状态，调节PWM的占空比给制冷电路65，以对制冷电路65的功率进行调节，使镜面快速达到结露平衡的状态，该动态平衡状态为结露***刚出现结露的状态。
进一步地，制冷电路65上设置有开关电源IC，主控电路63通过输出不同占空比的PWM给开关电源IC反馈端，使开关电源IC输出不同的电压，实现对制冷电路65的功率调节，从而使结露***14快速达到结露的动态平衡。
通过上述的PWM占空比调节，从而获得高效率低损耗的调节输出功率，也大大降低发热量，使PCB主控板6满足露点传感器的性能要求。
 本发明的实施方式
实施例 2
如图8所示，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，所述制冷堆22上没有设置镜片，而是通过在冷端部222的上表面涂覆金属材料层，形成镜面层，再在镜面层上涂覆抗油疏水材料层，避免外界油污粘附。其中，抗油疏水材料层在第一安装腔内，与封装台25密封连接，且与封装台25共同作用，紧贴结露口的下表面。这样的设置既保证了结露的需要和密封制冷堆22内部空间的需要，也使得整套结露***的体积更小，制冷效率更高。具体地，所述金属材料层为金属铂层。
实施例 3
如图9-12所示，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，所述制冷堆22的冷端部222外没有罩设封装台，而是通过在结露口外壁面贴覆隔热膜26，以避免冷量散失。其中，隔热膜26上设有缺口，缺口位于冷端部222的上表面，镜片24放置于缺口上，且镜片24与结露口密封连接，且镜片24的底面紧贴冷端部222的上表面，并与冷端部222的上表面共同作用，压紧缺口边缘的隔热膜，以密封冷端部222；同时，冷端部222通过该缺口直接与镜片24接触并传导冷量。
具体地，结露***14安装于检测腔15的第一安装腔内，隔热膜26放置于结露口的外壁面，且紧贴结露口；镜片24放置与隔热膜26上，镜片24与第一安装腔内的结露口密封连接，且镜片24压紧结露口上的隔热膜26，隔热膜26的边缘与冷端部222紧密连接，以密封冷端部222，从而使镜片24、隔热膜26和冷端部222三者密封连接，既保证了制冷效果，也防止了外界水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，对电路损坏。其中，该隔热膜26为PTFE膜。
实施例 4
如图13-14所示，本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于，所述冷端部222外没有罩设封装台，而是通过在冷端部222外包覆隔热膜26，以避免冷量散失；而且，冷端部222上没有设置镜片，而是通过在冷端部222的上表面涂覆金属材料层，形成镜面层，再在镜面层上涂覆抗油疏水材料层，避免外界油污粘附。
具体地，在冷端部222的上表面涂覆了金属材料层和抗油疏水材料层后，将结露***14安装于检测腔15的第一安装腔内，金属材料层和抗油疏水层可以有效密封冷端部222的上表面；隔热膜26与冷端部222的下表面密封连接。具体地，隔热膜26从冷端部222的下表面紧贴冷端部222的四周延伸至检测腔15的第一安装腔内，隔热膜26紧贴第一安装腔内的结露口内壁面，且与冷端部222的壁面、抗油疏水材料层胶粘连接、共同作用，对冷端部222进行密封压紧，有效防止了外界水汽、腐蚀气体等从结露口进入第一安装腔内部空间，对电路损坏。隔热膜26密封冷端部222的下表面和四周，并与结露口四周密封，以避免冷端部222的冷量散失，保证了制冷效果。这样的设置既保证了结露的需要，也使得整套结露***14的体积更小，制冷效率更高。其中，该隔热膜26为PTFE膜，所述金属材料层为金属铂层。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，包括依次连接的控制***、结露***和光电检测***；其特征在于，所述控制***包括壳体和依次安装于壳体内的PCB主控板、PCB转接板和焊针，所述PCB主控板的底部和顶部分别设有航空接头和连接座，所述航空接头穿过壳体的底部，用于与外部的电器件连接；所述连接座与PCB转接板连接，进而连接焊针，并通过焊针连接结露***和光电检测***。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述壳体包括相互连接的底盖和散热座；
    所述PCB主控板、PCB转接板和焊针设置在散热座内，所述底盖为中空结构，所述航空接头穿过底盖，且外露于底盖之外；所述航空接头与底盖的连接位置处设有密封圈。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述散热座的顶部设有开口，所述开口上覆盖有针位固定板，用于固定焊针；且所述开口的轮廓与针位固定板的轮廓吻合；
    所述针位固定板与PCB转接板之间设有硅胶密封垫，所述焊针从下到上依次穿设于PCB转接板、硅胶密封垫和针位固定板之间，并共同密封散热座的顶部。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述PCB主控板上设有滤波电路、通讯电路、主控电路、模拟电路和制冷电路；
    所述滤波电路用于滤除干扰，使外部电源向通讯电路、主控电路、模拟电路和制冷电路提供稳定的电流输入；
    所述通讯电路通过航空接头与外部的电器件连接，实现数据传输；
    所述主控电路分别连接通讯电路、模拟电路和制冷电路，用于实现信号传输和工作控制；
    所述模拟电路通过连接座分别连接结露***和光电检测***，用于检测和控制信号，且所述模拟电路上设有分别与主控电路信号连接的测温电路、镜面测露点电路和光电测量电路；所述镜面测露点电路与结露***电连接，所述主控电路通过镜面测露点电路和制冷电路控制结露***的工作；所述测温电路和光电测量电路分别与光电检测***电连接，所述主控电路通过光电测量电路控制光电检测***的工作；
    所述制冷电路通过连接座连接结露***，用于进行制冷或加热。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述制冷电路上设置有开关电源IC，所述主控电路通过输出不同占空比的PWM给开关电源IC反馈端，使开关电源IC输出不同的电压，实现对制冷电路的功率调节，从而使结露***快速达到结露的动态平衡。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆由至少一级制冷结构堆叠形成，且最顶级制冷结构的顶部为冷端部，最底级制冷结构的底部为热端部，所述测温计嵌入最顶级制冷结构内；所述热端部与控制***的壳体接触，并进行热量传递；
    所述冷端部的上表面粘设有镜片，所述镜片上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层；
    或，所述冷端部的上表面涂覆有金属材料层，作为镜面层，所述镜面层上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层；
    当所述制冷堆由一级制冷结构形成，则该制冷结构的顶部为冷端部，该制冷结构的底部为热端部，所述测温计嵌入冷端部的下方；所述热端部上方的制冷结构区域罩设有封装台，所述封装台的底部与热端部的上表面密封连接；
    当所述制冷堆有两级及以上制冷结构堆叠形成，则所述最顶级制冷结构外罩设有封装台；所述封装台的底部与次顶级制冷结构的上表面密封连接；
    所述封装台的顶部与抗油疏水材料层密封连接，以封闭冷端部。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述结露***内嵌于光电检测***内，所述光电检测腔内设有用于与外界连通的结露口；所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆的顶部为冷端部，底部为热端部，所述测温计紧贴于冷端部的下表面；
    所述结露口的外壁面贴覆有隔热膜；所述隔热膜上设有缺口，所述缺口位于结露口的位置处，且缺口上放置有镜片，且所述镜片与结露口密封连接，且镜片的底面紧贴冷端部的上表面，并与冷端部的上表面共同作用压紧缺口边缘的隔热膜，以密封冷端部；所述冷端部通过缺口直接与镜片接触传导冷量，所述镜片上涂覆有抗油疏水材料层。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述结露***内嵌于光电检测***内，所述光电检测腔内设有用于与外界连通的结露口；所述结露***包括制冷堆和测温计，所述制冷堆的顶部为冷端部，底部为热端部，所述测温计紧贴于冷端部的下表面；
    所述冷端部的上表面涂覆有金属材料层，作为镜面层，所述镜面层上涂覆有抗油疏水层；所述抗油疏水层与结露口密封连接，且所述冷端部外贴覆有隔热膜，所述隔热膜从冷端部的下表面紧贴冷端部的四周延伸至结露口的内壁面，且与结露口的内壁面密封连接，以与抗油疏水层共同作用密封结露口。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述光电检测***包括检测腔、检测盖、光电检测元件和温度检测元件，所述检测盖设置于检测腔的上方，所述检测腔的中部设有横向开放的检测通道；
    所述检测腔包括分别设在所述检测通道下方和上方的第一安装腔和第二安装腔，所述结露***和光电检测元件分别设在第一安装腔和第二安装腔内，所述光电检测元件用于发射检测光线，且光电检测元件发出的检测光线穿过第二安装腔，投射至第一安装腔的结露***上；所述温度检测元件外套设有温度管，所述温度管和温度检测元件设在光电检测元件上方，且贯穿检测盖设置，用于检测外界环境温度。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的一种光电冷镜式露点传感器，其特征在于，所述检测腔与所述壳体之间设有密封圈；所述检测盖与温度管之间密封连接。
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CN114171960B (zh) * 2022-02-10 2022-05-17 广州奥雅电子有限公司 传感器以及安装方法

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