WO2022108007A1 - 불화물계 전해질을 이용한 고융점 금속 산화물의 환원 방법 및 시스템 - Google Patents
불화물계 전해질을 이용한 고융점 금속 산화물의 환원 방법 및 시스템 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022108007A1 WO2022108007A1 PCT/KR2021/003849 KR2021003849W WO2022108007A1 WO 2022108007 A1 WO2022108007 A1 WO 2022108007A1 KR 2021003849 W KR2021003849 W KR 2021003849W WO 2022108007 A1 WO2022108007 A1 WO 2022108007A1
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- metal
- alloy
- metal oxide
- fluoride
- eutectic composition
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 title claims description 75
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 55
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 213
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 213
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 76
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 74
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052695 Americium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052685 Curium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052764 Mendelevium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052781 Neptunium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052778 Plutonium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052774 Proactinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052767 actinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 229910002065 alloy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 16
- 230000009193 crawling Effects 0.000 description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 11
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine Chemical compound ClCl KZBUYRJDOAKODT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 5
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 MgTiO 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910020599 Co 3 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910005191 Ga 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018068 Li 2 O Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1268—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using alkali or alkaline-earth metals or amalgams
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/10—Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
- C22B34/12—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
- C22B34/1263—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction
- C22B34/1277—Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining metallic titanium from titanium compounds, e.g. by reduction using other metals, e.g. Al, Si, Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B5/00—General methods of reducing to metals
- C22B5/02—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes
- C22B5/04—Dry methods smelting of sulfides or formation of mattes by aluminium, other metals or silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
- C22B9/10—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals with refining or fluxing agents; Use of materials therefor, e.g. slagging or scorifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/26—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium
- C25C3/28—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum or vanadium of titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/30—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/36—Alloys obtained by cathodic reduction of all their ions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for reducing high-melting-point metal oxide. It is possible to operate in the atmosphere by breaking away from the existing inert gas atmosphere manufacturing process, and by using an eco-friendly method, the efficiency can be maximized and the metal oxide reduction is easy for commercialization. It relates to methods and systems.
- the metal M can be obtained by reducing a raw material such as an oxide or halide.
- a raw material such as an oxide or halide.
- Kroll process the relatively well-known and most commonly used method in the art is a so-called Kroll process.
- the crawl process can be summarized as a process for reducing to titanium or zirconium by using molten magnesium as a reducing agent, and adding a chloride of the desired metal M, for example, titanium chloride or zirconium chloride.
- a chloride of the desired metal M for example, titanium chloride or zirconium chloride.
- this crawling process is a process using chloride as a raw material
- chlorine gas and magnesium chloride are produced as by-products during the process.
- chlorine gas is an environmental problem that causes fatal problems to the human body and is considered a representative problem of the crawler process
- magnesium chloride it causes a problem in the process of rapidly corroding the reaction vessel called, for example, an electrolyzer, a melting furnace, or a crucible. do.
- the crawling process requires an additional device for resolving environmentally acceptable regulations, and frequent replacement of the reaction vessel is accompanied, and thus the cost for operating the process is high.
- the crawling process is made in the form of a sponge in which the obtained metal contains a large number of pores, so that it is very difficult to control the oxygen that may be present in the metal.
- the crawling process has a limit in obtaining a metal of high purity.
- Electrolytic refining process is being studied to replace these existing processes, which has the advantage of not generating chlorine gas by directly reducing metal oxides and being simpler than the existing process, but the form of recovered metal is limited to powder, Since the particle size of the powder is also limited, there is a problem in that it is difficult to control the oxygen concentration in the metal after the process.
- the specific surface area of the recovered metal must be lowered by manufacturing an ingot using a process such as vacuum arc melting in a state in which the recovered metal powder manufactured by the refining process is not exposed to the atmosphere. There are practical difficulties in terms of cost and difficulty in facility installation.
- Patent Document 1 US Patent No. 5,035,404
- Patent Document 2 Domestic Registered Patent No. 10-1757626
- Patent Document 3 Domestic Registered Patent No. 10-1793471
- Patent Document 4 Domestic Registered Patent No. 10-1878652
- Non-Patent Document 1 Antoine Allanore, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 162 (1) (2015) E13-E22
- the present invention has been proposed to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and an object of the present invention is to reduce a high-melting-point metal oxide in an environment-friendly and highly-efficient atmospheric environment using a fluoride-based electrolyte to produce a high-quality alloy metal
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for doing so.
- the present invention is characterized in that a liquid metal alloy of a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 forming a eutectic phase with each other is prepared.
- the melting point of the metal M 1 is lowered by the eutectic reaction and reduction can be effectively performed at a relatively low temperature, thereby significantly saving energy, which can lead to cost reduction.
- the present invention can be obtained in the state of a liquid alloy (liquid metal alloy of M 1 and M 2 ) by a eutectic reaction, and the metal alloy itself can be used as a final product.
- metal M 1 may be obtained by electrolytic refining of the obtained metal alloy.
- the liquid alloy thus obtained can be thoroughly separated from an environment in which oxygen may exist, and thus contamination by oxygen can be remarkably prevented. That is, according to the above aspect, it is possible to obtain a high-purity metal alloy and metal M 1 .
- An object of the present invention is to provide an alloy metal reduction method that can increase the high-quality production rate of the final product compared to the prior art and has high energy efficiency, which is advantageous for commercialization.
- a method for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide is provided.
- the method for reducing the metal M 1 from the metal oxide is a method for reducing the metal M 1 from the metal oxide
- reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition, and the reduced metal M 1 comprises the step of forming a liquid metal alloy with the metal M 2 ,
- the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte may be smaller than the density of the metal oxide and the eutectic composition of the metal M 2 and the metal M 3 .
- the fluoride-based electrolyte molten salt has a volatilization rate of 10 wt% or less for 10 hours at 1,600 °C, specifically, a volatilization rate of 5 wt% or less, more specifically, a volatilization rate of 2 wt% or less can
- the fluoride-based electrolyte may be at least one selected from the group consisting of MgF 2 , CaF 2 , SrF 2 and BaF 2 , and specifically CaF 2 .
- the metal M 1 is Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Cr, Ta, Ga, Nb, Sn, Ag, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, selected from the group consisting of Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md and No. It can be one full day.
- the metal M 2 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Cu, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb, Bi, Cd, and alloys thereof, and specifically Cu.
- the metal M 3 may be at least one selected from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Al, and alloys thereof, and specifically Mg.
- the metal oxide may include at least one selected from the group consisting of M 1 x O z and M 1 x M 3 y O z , where x and y are each a real number of 1 to 3, z is a real number from 1 to 4.
- the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition may be performed in the atmosphere or in fluoride.
- the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition may be performed in the range of 900 to 1600°C.
- a slag additive is added, and the metal oxide reacts with the eutectic composition to reduce the metal M 1 By-product and the melting
- the method may further include forming a slag of salt, and specifically, the slag additive may include at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, FeO, BaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 .
- the liquid metal alloy is located at the bottom of the electrolytic cell, forming a layer distinct from the eutectic composition, and continuously obtaining the liquid metal alloy through the lower part of the electrolytic cell;
- the slag may further include forming a separate layer on the upper portion of the eutectic composition, and continuously removing the slag through the upper portion of the electrolytic cell.
- the electrolytic refining of the liquid metal alloy may further include the step of manufacturing M 1 .
- the metal alloy or metal according to the present invention may be obtained by any method disclosed herein or a combination thereof, and specifically, the residual content of M 3 relative to the total weight of the metal alloy is 0.1 wt% or less, specifically 0.01 wt% or less, more specifically 0.001 wt% or less, and an oxygen content of 1800 ppm or less, specifically 1,500 ppm or less, more specifically 1,200 ppm or less may be a metal alloy.
- a system for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide according to the present invention comprises:
- It may include a liquid metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 positioned under the eutectic composition,
- the density of the molten salt may be less than that of the metal oxide, the metal oxide and the metal M 3 react to reduce the metal M 1 , and the metal M 2 is the metal M 1 and the eutectic phase (eutectic phase) can form.
- the present invention provides a system optimized for obtaining a desired metal from a metal oxide and a method for preparing such a metal without using any metal chloride or chloride as an electrolyte. Therefore, the present invention can solve the environmental problem of the above-described crawling process and the cost problem due to corrosion of the electrolytic cell.
- the present invention is characterized in that a liquid metal alloy of a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 forming a eutectic phase with each other is prepared.
- the melting point of the metal M 1 is lowered by the eutectic reaction and reduction can be effectively performed at a relatively low temperature, thereby significantly saving energy, which can lead to cost reduction.
- the present invention is obtained in a liquid alloy (a liquid metal alloy of a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 ) by a eutectic reaction, and the metal alloy itself can be used as a final product.
- metal M 1 may be obtained by electrolytic refining of the obtained metal alloy.
- the liquid alloy thus obtained can be thoroughly separated from an environment in which oxygen may exist, and thus contamination by oxygen can be remarkably prevented. That is, according to the above aspect, it is possible to obtain a high-purity metal alloy and metal M 1 .
- the present invention it is easy to adjust the ratio of the target alloy, and it is possible to manufacture a high-purity metal through the electrolytic refining technique using the finally manufactured alloy metal.
- the recovery rate of high-grade metal M 1 is high, and the separation of the final product and the reaction product is easy, so that continuous operation is possible.
- FIG. 1 is a process diagram illustrating a process for reducing a metal M 1 from a metal oxide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process procedure of a method for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram and a result table showing the difference in the volatilization rate of the fluoride-based electrolyte and the chloride-based electrolyte.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing vapor pressures according to the temperature of the fluoride-based electrolyte and the chloride-based electrolyte.
- FIG. 5 is a photograph taken of a metal alloy manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- EDS 6 is a view and result table of elemental analysis of the inside of the alloy with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) after cutting the metal alloy manufactured according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- EDS energy dispersive spectrometer
- Example 7 is a result table of measuring the oxygen content in the metal alloy prepared according to Example 2 of the present invention using ELTRA ONH2000.
- charge may be used interchangeably with “injection”, “introduction”, “introduction”, and “injection” in this specification, and any material such as a raw material is brought into a necessary place, or It can be understood as meaning to put in.
- the method for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide according to the present invention comprises:
- the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte may be smaller than the eutectic composition of the metal M 2 and the metal M 3 and the density of the metal oxide.
- the fluoride-based electrolyte molten salt has a volatilization rate of 10 wt% or less, specifically 5 wt% or less, and more specifically 2 wt% or less, at 1,600°C for 10 hours.
- a chloride-based electrolyte such as CaCl 2
- a volatilization rate of about 74% by weight ( FIG. 3 ) at 1,600° C. for 10 hours, so that the advantage of such a fluoride-based electrolyte can be more clearly understood.
- the volatilization rate can be measured by comparing the weight before and after leaving at a specific temperature for a certain time, but other methods well known to those skilled in the art may be used.
- the electrolyte of the present invention is used in the process of reducing the metal by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition, its volatilization rate should be measured within the process temperature (900 ⁇ 1600 °C) according to the present invention.
- the process temperature 900 ⁇ 1600 °C
- the higher the temperature the higher the volatilization rate, so it may be preferable to measure the volatilization rate at 1600° C., the highest among the allowable process temperatures, in order to ensure process stability.
- the fluoride-based electrolyte may be a fluoride-based electrolyte of one or more metals selected from the group of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, and the relative density difference, volatilization rate, operation may be determined in consideration of convenience, safety, and the like.
- the fluoride-based electrolyte may be, for example, at least one selected from the group consisting of MgF 2 , CaF 2 , SrF 2 and BaF 2 , and specifically CaF 2 .
- the metal oxide reacts with the eutectic composition to reduce and reduce metal M 1
- the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte is located at the top of the electrolytic cell, so that the eutectic composition and the metal oxide may not be exposed to the external environment, and oxygen from the outside inflow can be prevented. Accordingly, the reduction process of the metal M 1 is possible even in a normal atmospheric atmosphere rather than an inert gas atmosphere.
- the metal M 1 is not particularly limited, but specifically Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Cr, Ta, Ga, Nb, Sn, Ag, La, Ce, Pr, With Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md and No It may be one selected from the group consisting of, and more specifically, may be one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Cr, Ta, Er and No, and more Specifically, it may be one selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, W, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, and Cr, and particularly, Ti, Zr or W may be used.
- the metal M 2 is not limited as long as it can form an eutectic phase with the metal M 1 , for example, the metal M 2 is Cu, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb, Bi, Cd and It may be at least one selected from the group consisting of alloys thereof, and specifically Cu.
- the reducing agent containing the metal M 3 is not limited as long as it can reduce the metal oxide containing the metal M 1 , for example, the metal M 3 is from the group consisting of Ca, Mg, Al and alloys thereof. It may be one or more selected from. In detail, the metal M 3 may be Mg.
- the metal oxide may include at least one selected from the group consisting of M 1 x O z and M 1 x M 3 y O z , wherein x and y are each a real number of 1 to 3, z is a real number from 1 to 4.
- Non-limiting examples of the metal oxide for better understanding include ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , MgTiO 3 , HfO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , Dy 2 O 3 , Tb 4 O 7 , WO 3 , Co 3 O 4 , MnO,
- One selected from the group consisting of Cr 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, Al 2 O 3 , Ta 2 O 5 , Ga 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , SnO, NbO and Ag 2 O, or a combination of two or more thereof may include
- the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting with the eutectic composition of the metal M 2 and the metal M 3 is more can be fast
- the time required for reduction can be reduced by at least 1/3 to 1/10 compared to the case of using M 1 x O z can That is, when a composite oxide of a metal M 1 and a metal M 3 is used as the metal oxide, the reaction rate of the metal oxide and the eutectic composition may be faster than when only the oxide of the metal M 1 is used.
- M 1 x M 3 y O z when M 1 x M 3 y O z is used, there is an advantage that the ratio of M 1 and M 2 in the liquid metal alloy produced according to the present invention can be more widely adjusted. Furthermore, when using M 1 x M 3 y O z , there is an advantage in that the required amount of M 3 used as a reducing agent is significantly reduced compared to the case of using M 1 x O z .
- the oxide of the metal M 1 may be TiO 2
- the composite oxide of the metal M 1 and the metal M 3 may be CaTiO 3 .
- the method according to the present invention is different from the conventional crawling process in that a metal oxide is used instead of a metal chloride as a raw material.
- Raw materials usually found in nature include oxides of metal M 1 , and in order to use them in the crawling process, a pretreatment process of replacing these metal oxides with chlorides is accompanied. If it goes through such a pretreatment process, it itself causes an increase in process cost.
- hydrochloric acid is used in the pretreatment process of replacing the metal oxide with chloride, which promotes corrosion of manufacturing equipment due to strong acidity, and toxic chlorine gas may be generated during the process, which may cause environmental problems. Since the method according to the present invention does not require a pretreatment process for replacing the metal oxide with a chloride, the process cost is lower than that of the crawling process and does not cause environmental problems.
- the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition may be performed in the atmosphere or in fluoride. Since the density of the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte is lower than that of the eutectic composition and the metal oxide, the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte is located at the top of the electrolytic cell, and the eutectic composition and the metal oxide are placed under the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte. Due to this, the eutectic composition and the injected metal oxide can exist without being exposed to the external environment due to the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte and the electrolyzer.
- the process of reducing 1 may be performed. Moreover, since the volatilization rate of the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte is relatively low, the generation of toxic gas is reduced even when it is performed in an atmospheric atmosphere, so that corrosion of equipment used in the process is significantly reduced, and an environment harmful to the operator is not created, You can enjoy the advantage of being able to achieve large-scale industrialization.
- the method for reducing the metal M 1 is capable of melting a fluoride-based electrolyte, preparing a eutectic composition, and reacting a metal oxide with the eutectic composition to reduce the metal M 1 . It is free as long as the temperature is higher than the allowable temperature.
- the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition may be performed at 900° C. or higher.
- the temperature at which the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte does not evaporate excessively is okay, and in consideration of the energy efficiency according to the heating of the furnace, it may be carried out at 1800 ° C or less, 1700 ° C or less, or 1600 ° C or less, and 1600 ° C. This can be done below. Therefore, the process of reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition may be performed in the range of 900 to 1600°C.
- the metal M 1 is Ti
- the metal oxide (M 1 x O z ) is TiO 2
- the metal M 2 is Cu
- the metal M 3 is Ca
- the metal according to Schemes 1-1 and 1-2 Ti is reduced, and then an oxide (M 3 a O b ) of the metal M 3 may be separated while obtaining a liquid metal alloy CuTi.
- a and b are real numbers from 1 to 3, respectively.
- the metal M 1 is Ti
- the metal oxide (M 1 x M 3 y O z ) is CaTiO 3
- the metal M 2 is Cu
- the metal M 3 is Ca
- the following Reaction Schemes 2-1 and 2-2 The metal Ti is reduced according to this, and then the oxide (M 3 a O b ) of the metal M 3 may be separated while obtaining a liquid metal alloy CuTi.
- the oxide (M 3 a O b ) of the metal M 3 generated according to the reaction as described above is a kind of by-product, and in order to enable a continuous process, it is necessary to continuously remove these by-products. Since the by-product is not completely dissolved in the molten salt, it may not be easy to remove it or continuously operate the process.
- the method of the present invention may further include the step of forming a slag of a molten salt of a fluoride-based electrolyte and a by-product generated in the process of reducing the metal M 1 by adding a slag additive to react the metal oxide with the eutectic composition.
- the viscosity is relatively reduced and fluidity is increased compared to the case where the by-product and the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte are present.
- An example of the slag additive for achieving the above-described effect may include at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, FeO, BaO, SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 , but is not limited thereto.
- the liquid metal alloy is located at the bottom of the electrolytic cell and forms a layer distinct from the eutectic composition, and the liquid metal alloy is continuously obtained through the lower part of the electrolytic cell step;
- the slag may further include forming a layer to be divided on the upper portion of the eutectic composition, and continuously removing the slag through the upper portion of the electrolytic cell.
- the slag resulting from the input of the slag additive is continuously removed through the upper part of the electrolytic cell, thereby continuously removing by-products generated in the reduction process of metal oxides.
- the reaction product formed when the metal oxide is added to the eutectic composition is continuously removed from the electrolyzer, and all the reactions are not completed after a quantitative amount of the metal oxide is added, but the metal oxide is continuously added without interruption of the process
- a liquid metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 can be obtained.
- a method known to those skilled in the art may be used in the step of continuously obtaining a liquid metal alloy through the lower portion of the electrolytic cell or continuously removing the slag through the upper portion of the electrolytic cell.
- the fluoride-based electrolyte is replenished during process operation to maintain the balance of the reaction system and to enable a continuous process.
- the fluoride-based electrolyte may be continuously separated from the removed slag, and the separated fluoride-based electrolyte may be put back into the electrolytic cell.
- Cooling for solidification of the obtained liquid metal alloy may be performed.
- the liquid metal alloy is a state in which the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 are homogeneously mixed, the structure of the alloy obtained after solidification is greatly affected by the cooling rate of the liquid metal alloy.
- the cooling rate is the temperature at which the process according to the present invention is performed so that the intermetallic compound phase can be stably formed, and a tissue structure in which the intermetallic compound phases of M 1 and M 2 are continuously connected to each other can be manufactured. It is preferable to slowly cool to room temperature in the range, for example, it may be at a rate of 20 °C / min.
- the cooling rate When the cooling rate is excessively fast outside the suggested range, the intermetallic compound is not formed, or a tissue structure in which fine intermetallic compound particles are dispersed and impregnated in a large amount in the metal M 1 matrix is obtained, which is continuous and fast Material of metal M 1 There is a risk that the movement route will not be formed.
- the cooling rate When cooling is excessively slow, the microstructural advantage is negligible, but as the time required for the process becomes excessively long, the cooling rate may be substantially 1°C/min or more, and more substantially 5°C/min or more.
- the method according to the present invention further includes the step of electrolytic refining the alloy comprising the obtained metal M 1 and the metal M 2 after obtaining the alloy comprising the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 to obtain the metal M 1 may include
- the electrolytic refining to obtain the metal M 1 may be a step of solidifying the obtained liquid metal alloy to obtain a solid alloy, and electrolytically refining the solid alloy to recover the metal M 1 from the alloy.
- the electrolyte that may remain in the liquid metal alloy may be removed before electrolytic refining of the solidified alloy.
- the distillation temperature heat treatment temperature
- the distillation temperature is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature above the boiling point of the electrolyte used in the system of the present invention, and may be, for example, 2,500 ° C. or higher, and may be performed by reducing the distillation temperature to increase efficiency by lowering the distillation temperature. .
- the present invention provides a metal alloy of a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 obtained by any of the methods or combinations thereof described in the specification of the present invention.
- the metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 may include: forming a molten salt of a fluoride-based electrolyte in an electrolytic cell; preparing a eutectic composition of M 2 and M 3 by introducing a reducing agent containing a metal M 3 and a metal M 2 forming a eutectic phase with the metal M 1 into the electrolytic cell; and reducing the metal M 1 by reacting the metal oxide with the eutectic composition, and the reduced metal M 1 forms a liquid metal alloy with the metal M 2
- a method for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide comprising the steps of: can be obtained by
- a metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 may be obtained from a process performed in the air or in the range of 900 to 1600°C.
- a metal alloy of metal M 1 and metal M 2 is formed by adding a slag additive to react the metal oxide with the eutectic composition to form a by-product generated in the process of reducing the metal M 1 and slag of the molten salt It can be obtained by a method further comprising the step of
- the metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 of the present invention may be obtained by any method described in the specification of the present invention or a combination thereof.
- the metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 has a residual content of the metal M 3 relative to the total weight of the metal alloy of 0.1 wt% or less, specifically 0.01 wt% or less, more specifically 0.001 wt% % or less is a high-grade metal alloy.
- the oxygen content of the metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 is 1,800 ppm or less, specifically 1,500 ppm or less, and more specifically 1,200 ppm or less, which is a high-quality metal alloy.
- the metal alloy itself may be used as a final product.
- M 1 is often used in the form of an alloy industrially.
- a post-treatment process of forming an alloy with other metals may be required.
- the present invention has high process efficiency in that a final product can be obtained in the form of a metal alloy of M 1 and M 2 at the same time as reduction without such a post-treatment process.
- the reduced metal produced through the conventional crawling process has a small amount of production of a high grade (grade 1) metal having a low oxygen content and a relatively high residual oxygen content.
- the metal alloy produced according to the present invention has a very low oxygen content, and most of it corresponds to a high grade grade.
- M 1 is Ti
- the yield of high-grade metal is very high, 98% or more, but in the conventional crawling process, it is known that the yield of high-grade metal is less than 50%, through this The superiority of the invention can be understood more clearly.
- a system for reducing metal M 1 from a metal oxide according to the present invention comprises:
- It may include a liquid metal alloy of the metal M 1 and the metal M 2 positioned under the eutectic composition,
- the density of the molten salt may be less than that of the metal oxide, the metal oxide and the metal M 3 react to reduce the metal M 1 , and the metal M 2 is the metal M 1 and the eutectic phase (eutectic phase) can form.
- the electrolytic cell may be an electrolytic reduction tank or the like, a high-frequency melting furnace to achieve a desired temperature range, or an electric furnace depending on the target metal alloy may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a high-frequency melting furnace to achieve a desired temperature range
- an electric furnace depending on the target metal alloy may be used, but is not limited thereto.
- all electrolyzers and furnaces that are easy for a person skilled in the art can be used.
- the mass ratio of the molten salt of the fluoride-based electrolyte to the reaction by-product may be 5:1 to 2:1, preferably 3:1, but , but not limited thereto.
- the electrolyte may further include an oxide of one or two or more metals selected from the group of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals as a reactive additive.
- the content of the reaction additive may be 0.1 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
- Reaction additives may include, but are not limited to, Li 2 O, Na 2 O, SrO, Cs 2 O, K 2 O, CaO, BaO, or mixtures thereof.
- the reactive additive contained in the electrolyte may enable easier reduction of the metal oxide contained in the raw material module.
- the method of making an alloy metal of the present invention may be performed using an electrolytic bath similar to that of FIG. 1 .
- a fluoride-based electrolyte is charged into the electrolytic cell 1 and melted to form a molten salt 5, and then a reducing agent comprising a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 and a metal M 3 forming a eutectic phase with the metal M 1 in the electrolytic cell
- a reducing agent comprising a metal M 1 and a metal M 2 and a metal M 3 forming a eutectic phase with the metal M 1 in the electrolytic cell
- a eutectic composition (6) of the metal M 2 and the metal M 3 To prepare a eutectic composition (6) of the metal M 2 and the metal M 3 .
- the molten salt 5 of the fluoride-based electrolyte is positioned on the eutectic composition 6 .
- the metal oxide 10 is charged into the electrolytic cell using the raw material input device 1 and reacted with the eutectic composition 6 to prepare a liquid metal alloy 7 of metal M 1 and metal M 2 and the reaction is terminated.
- the slag additive (9) is added to the reaction by-product located between the liquid metal alloy and the electrolyte.
- the liquid metal alloy 7 is obtained through the tapping part 8 connected to the lower part of the electrolytic cell. Since the slag is located in the upper part of the electrolytic cell, about 50 to 90% of the slag is removed by tilting the electrolytic cell, and a new fluoride-based electrolyte is introduced into about 10 to 50% of the remaining slag through the electrolyte input device 2 to form a new electrolyte layer. to form After that, the metal oxide 10 is charged into the electrolytic cell using the raw material input device 1 and reacted with the eutectic composition 6 to produce the liquid metal alloy 7 may be repeated.
- the liquid metal alloy 7 generated in the lower part of the electrolytic cell is continuously obtained through the tapping part 8 at the lower part of the electrolytic cell.
- the electrolyzer may use, for example, a high-frequency melting furnace 3 to facilitate stirring, but is not limited thereto.
- FIG. 1 The system as shown in FIG. 1 was used, and the process sequence of FIG. 2 was followed.
- the electrolyte CaF 2 (40.8 g) was weighed, put into an electrolytic cell, and heated to about 1415° C. to prepare a molten salt of a fluoride-based electrolyte (FIG. 2a).
- TiO 2 As a metal oxide, 72.1 g of TiO 2 (average particle size of 100 ⁇ m) was weighed and reacted for 10 hours ( FIGS. 2 c and d ).
- FIG. 1 The system as shown in FIG. 1 was used, and the process sequence of FIG. 2 was followed.
- the electrolyte CaF 2 (40.8 g) was weighed, put into an electrolytic cell, and heated to about 1415° C. to prepare a molten salt of a fluoride-based electrolyte (FIG. 2a).
- the volatilization rates of the fluoride-based electrolyte and the chloride-based electrolyte were measured. 500 g (weight before charging) of each electrolyte was weighed and put into a crucible, and the weight of the electrolyte (weight after charging) after the crucible was charged into the melting furnace and left at 1,600° C. for 10 hours was measured. The volatilization rate was evaluated using the following method.
- ELTRA ONH2000 was used to measure the oxygen content present in the alloy.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
- 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 환원시키기 위한 방법으로서,전해조 내에 불화물계 전해질의 용융염을 형성하는 단계;상기 전해조에 상기 금속 M1과 공융상(eutectic phase)을 형성하는 금속 M2 및 금속 M3을 포함하는 환원제를 투입하여 금속 M2 및 금속 M3의 공융조성물을 제조하는 단계; 및상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하고, 환원된 금속 M1이 M2와 액상 금속 합금을 형성하는 단계를 포함하고,상기 용융염의 밀도는 상기 공융조성물 및 상기 금속 산화물의 밀도보다 작은 것인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 용융염은 1,600℃에서 10시간 동안 10 중량% 이하의 휘발율을 가지는 것인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 불화물계 전해질은 MgF2, CaF2, SrF2 및 BaF2 로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종 이상인, 방법.
- 제 3 항에 있어서,상기 불화물계 전해질은 CaF2인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 M1은 Ti, Zr, Hf, W, Fe, Ni, Zn, Co, Mn, Cr, Ta, Ga, Nb, Sn, Ag, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Ac, Th, Pa, U, Np, Pu, Am, Cm, Bk, Cf, Es, Fm, Md 및 No로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택되는 1종인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 M2은 Cu, Ni, Sn, Zn, Pb, Bi, Cd 및 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 방법.
- 제 6 항에 있어서,상기 금속 M2은 Cu인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 M3은 Ca, Mg, Al 및 이들의 합금으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 1종 이상인, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물은 M1 xOz 및 M1 xM3 yOz로 이루어진 군에서 선택된 적어도 하나를 포함하는, 방법:여기서, x, y는 각각 1 내지 3의 실수이고, z는 1 내지 4의 실수이다.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하는 과정은 대기 또는 불화물 중에서 이루어지는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하는 과정은 900 내지 1,600℃ 범위에서 수행되는, 방법.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,슬래그화 첨가제를 투입하여, 상기 금속 산화물을 상기 공융조성물과 반응시켜 금속 M1을 환원하는 과정에서 생성된 부산물과 상기 용융염의 슬래그를 형성하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 슬래그화 첨가제는 MgO, CaO, FeO, BaO, SiO2 및 Al2O3로 이루어진 군으로부터 선택된 1종 이상을 포함하는 것인, 방법.
- 제 12 항에 있어서,상기 액상 금속 합금은 상기 전해조의 최하단에 위치하며 상기 공융조성물과 구분되는 층을 형성하고, 상기 전해조의 하부를 통해 상기 액상 금속 합금을 연속적으로 수득하는 단계; 및상기 슬래그는 상기 공융조성물의 상부에 구분되는 층을 형성하고, 상기 전해조의 상부를 통해 상기 슬래그를 연속적으로 제거하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 액상 금속 합금을 전해 정련하여 금속 M1을 제조하는 단계를 더 포함하는, 방법.
- 제15항에 따른 방법으로 수득된 금속.
- 제1항에 따른 방법으로 수득된 금속 합금.
- 제17항에 있어서, 상기 금속 합금의 전체 중량 대비 금속 M3의 잔존 함량이 0.1 중량%이하이고, 산소 함유량이 1,800 ppm이하인, 금속 합금.
- 금속 산화물로부터 금속 M1을 환원시키기 위한 시스템으로서,전해조;상기 전해조 내에 위치하는 불화물계 전해질의 용융염;상기 용융염의 하부에 위치하는 금속 M2와 금속 M3의 공융조성물; 및상기 공융조성물의 하부에 위치하는 상기 금속 M1과 상기 금속 M2의 액상 금속 합금을 포함하고,상기 용융염의 밀도는 상기 금속 산화물의 밀도보다 작고, 상기 금속 산화물과 상기 금속 M3이 반응하여 상기 금속 M1을 환원시키고, 상기 금속 M2는 상기 금속 M1과 공융상(eutectic phase)을 형성하는, 시스템.
Priority Applications (6)
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US18/253,348 US20240002974A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-29 | Reduction method and system for high-melting-point metal oxide, using fluoride-based electrolytes |
CA3201236A CA3201236A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-29 | Reduction method and system for high-melting-point metal oxide, using fluoride-based electrolytes |
JP2023529973A JP2023550382A (ja) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-29 | フッ化物系電解質を用いた高融点金属酸化物の還元方法およびシステム |
EP21894786.9A EP4249644A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-29 | Reduction method and system for high-melting-point metal oxide, using fluoride-based electrolytes |
AU2021384253A AU2021384253A1 (en) | 2020-11-17 | 2021-03-29 | Reduction method and system for high-melting-point metal oxide, using fluoride-based electrolytes |
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-
2021
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- 2021-03-29 CN CN202180084243.6A patent/CN116685720A/zh active Pending
- 2021-03-29 JP JP2023529973A patent/JP2023550382A/ja active Pending
- 2021-03-29 US US18/253,348 patent/US20240002974A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-29 AU AU2021384253A patent/AU2021384253A1/en active Pending
- 2021-03-29 WO PCT/KR2021/003849 patent/WO2022108007A1/ko active Application Filing
- 2021-03-29 EP EP21894786.9A patent/EP4249644A1/en active Pending
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2022
- 2022-05-11 KR KR1020220057883A patent/KR20220067533A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2023
- 2023-07-03 KR KR1020230085699A patent/KR20230107170A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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US5035404A (en) | 1990-09-13 | 1991-07-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Retort assembly for kroll reductions |
JPH06146049A (ja) * | 1992-10-30 | 1994-05-27 | Kobe Steel Ltd | チタン等の高融点な活性金属の溶融塩電解採取方法 |
JPH1171694A (ja) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-03-16 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 金属酸化物の還元方法及びその装置 |
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JP2023550382A (ja) | 2023-12-01 |
AU2021384253A1 (en) | 2023-06-29 |
US20240002974A1 (en) | 2024-01-04 |
CN116685720A (zh) | 2023-09-01 |
KR20230107170A (ko) | 2023-07-14 |
CA3201236A1 (en) | 2022-05-27 |
EP4249644A1 (en) | 2023-09-27 |
KR20220067533A (ko) | 2022-05-24 |
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