WO2022062145A1 - 一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法 - Google Patents

一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法 Download PDF

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WO2022062145A1
WO2022062145A1 PCT/CN2020/130423 CN2020130423W WO2022062145A1 WO 2022062145 A1 WO2022062145 A1 WO 2022062145A1 CN 2020130423 W CN2020130423 W CN 2020130423W WO 2022062145 A1 WO2022062145 A1 WO 2022062145A1
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fuel quantity
signal
power generation
module
command
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PCT/CN2020/130423
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English (en)
French (fr)
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田亮
刘鑫屏
胡博
邓拓宇
管志敏
周桂平
王顺江
王磊
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华北电力大学（保定）
国网辽宁省电力有限公司
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Priority to US17/609,787 priority Critical patent/US11333045B1/en
Publication of WO2022062145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022062145A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
    • G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
    • G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
    • G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/18—Applications of computers to steam boiler control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00—Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/02—Arrangement of sensing elements
    • F01D17/04—Arrangement of sensing elements responsive to load
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
    • F01K13/02—Controlling, e.g. stopping or starting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
    • F01K7/16—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being only of turbine type
    • F01K7/165—Controlling means specially adapted therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2270/00—Control
    • F05D2270/01—Purpose of the control system
    • F05D2270/05—Purpose of the control system to affect the output of the engine
    • F05D2270/053—Explicitly mentioned power

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control method of a thermal power unit, which is suitable for a thermal power unit requiring deep peak regulation operation, and belongs to the technical field of power generation.
  • the power grid needs to improve the flexibility of thermal power generation load dispatch to absorb the double random disturbance caused by the large-scale grid connection of the electricity load and the renewable energy generation load represented by wind power, and maintain the power grid.
  • the grid frequency is stable.
  • the main technical means to improve the flexibility of thermal power units is to widen the power generation load adjustment range, and the key is to reduce the operating lower limit of the power generation load of the unit, from the current 50% Pe (rated power generation load) to 40% Pe, 30% Pe or even more. It can realize the deep peak-shaving operation of the unit and make room for the wind power generation load.
  • the deep peak-shaving operation of thermal power units will face many problems, such as the decrease of thermal cycle efficiency, the decrease of denitration efficiency, and the increase of auxiliary power consumption rate, etc., but the most serious one is the decrease of boiler combustion stability and the occurrence of safety accidents such as boiler fire extinguishing.
  • the two main controllable factors that cause the boiler to extinguish fire are the low fuel quantity and the fluctuation of the fuel quantity.
  • the reasons are as follows: First, the combustion of pulverized coal gas flow in the boiler is a process of first absorbing heat and then releasing heat, and the available heat absorption mainly depends on the average combustion temperature in the furnace. The temperature shows a rapid downward trend.
  • the main function of the thermal power unit coordination control system is to adjust the power generation load of the unit by controlling the opening of the steam inlet steam regulating valve of the steam turbine - the fuel amount - the steam pressure in front of the steam turbine, so that it changes with the command.
  • the main goal of the coordinated control system is to ensure the control quality of power generation load and main steam pressure; while under deep peak regulation conditions, the main goal needs to be changed to ensure the stability of combustion, that is, to prevent the amount of fuel Too low and reduce fuel volume fluctuations.
  • the traditional coordinated control system is only designed for the conventional load conditions of thermal power units, and cannot meet the requirements of deep peak shaving operation.
  • the controlled object of the coordinated control system also has the characteristics of large inertia.
  • the primary goal of deep peak regulation of the unit is to operate stably under low load, so more emphasis is placed on reducing fuel fluctuations, while the requirements for power generation load and main steam pressure control quality are allowed to be appropriately reduced. .
  • the coordinated control system includes two major control loops, boiler main control and steam turbine main control.
  • Each control loop also includes many adjustable parameters such as set value static feedforward, set value dynamic feedforward, proportional-integral-derivative feedback, etc.
  • set value static feedforward set value dynamic feedforward
  • proportional-integral-derivative feedback etc.
  • variable parameter compensation logic In order to adapt to the change of the controlled object, a lot of variable parameter compensation logic has been included. In order to adapt to the deep peak shaving to change the intensity of the adjustment action, it is necessary to add more variable parameter logic, and it is very difficult to configure, debug and maintain on site.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a flexible and coordinated control method for thermal power units suitable for deep peak shaving operation in view of the disadvantages of the prior art, which can simultaneously meet the control requirements of conventional load conditions and deep peak shaving conditions of thermal power units, and ensure that each control effect under this condition.
  • a flexible coordinated control method for thermal power units suitable for deep peak regulation operation is based on the traditional machine-following-furnace coordinated control system, adding a reverse compensation channel for the fuel quantity command to the power generation load command, and at the same time using the main
  • the steam flow signal constructs a flexibility factor, and the flexibility factor modifies the gain of the reverse compensation channel in the form of a product to obtain the reverse power generation load command offset value, and use the reverse power generation load command offset value to adjust the power generation load of the unit.
  • the command is revised to achieve the purpose of prioritizing the control quality of power generation load and steam pressure in front of the steam turbine under normal load conditions, and ensuring combustion stability under deep peak shaving conditions.
  • the reverse compensation channel is provided with a limiting change rate module RL, a constant module A, a high and low amplitude limiting module H//L, a multiplication calculation module MUL and four calculation modules.
  • the fuel quantity command signal is subtracted by the first summation calculation module SUM1 from the fuel quantity command signal after the speed limit by the limit change rate module RL to obtain the component signal of the fuel quantity command signal exceeding the allowable rate change;
  • the constant module A outputs
  • the deviation of the fuel quantity signal corresponding to the minimum stable combustion load of the boiler is subtracted from the fuel quantity command signal by the second summation calculation module SUM2, and the fuel quantity command is lower than the minimum fuel quantity after being limited by the high and low limit module H//L.
  • the component signal of the fuel quantity command signal exceeds the allowable rate change and the component signal of the fuel quantity command is lower than the minimum fuel quantity.
  • the variation compensation signal is multiplied by the multiplication calculation module MUL and the flexibility factor compensation coefficient to obtain the power generation load command bias signal.
  • the original power generation load fixed value signal is subtracted from the power generation load command bias signal through the fourth summation calculation module SUM4 to obtain the final power generation load command bias signal.
  • New generation load setting signal is subtracted from the power generation load command bias signal through the fourth summation calculation module SUM4 to obtain the final power generation load command bias signal.
  • the flexible factor compensation coefficient is constructed by the first-order inertia filter module LAG, the multi-point broken line function module F(x) and the gain calculation module K, and the boiler main steam flow signal is constructed. First, it is filtered by the first-order inertial filter module LAG, and then processed by the multi-point broken line function module F(x) to obtain the flexible factor signal. After the gain of the flexible factor signal is adjusted by the gain calculation module K, the final flexible factor compensation coefficient is obtained.
  • the high and low amplitude limiting module H//L has a high limit value of 0.1 ⁇ q ce , and a low limit value of 0, where q ce is the rated fuel of the unit quantity.
  • the parameters of the multi-point broken line function module F(x) are as follows:
  • the outputs are 1, 1, 0.7, 0, 0, and 0, respectively, where q mse is the rated main steam flow of the unit.
  • the value range of the flexibility factor is 0-1.
  • the filter time of the first-order inertia filter module LAG is set to 100s.
  • the present invention reduces the rate of change and the magnitude of downward change of the fuel quantity command through the reverse compensation channel of the fuel quantity command to the power generation load command, and can give priority to the control quality of the power generation load and the steam pressure in front of the steam turbine within the normal load range.
  • priority is given to ensuring combustion stability, thereby ensuring the control effect under various working conditions, and can meet the control requirements of conventional load conditions and deep peak shaving conditions of thermal power units.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural block diagram of the traditional furnace and machine mode coordinated control system
  • Fig. 2 is the structural block diagram of the flexible coordinated control system
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the newly added logic of the flexible coordinated control system.
  • the labels in the figure are respectively represented as: SUM1 ⁇ SUM4, the first summation calculation module to the fourth summation calculation module, RL, the limit change rate module, A, the constant module, H//L, the high and low limit modules, MUL, Multiplication calculation module, LAG, first-order inertial filter module, F(x), multi-point broken line function module, K, gain calculation module.
  • the present invention proposes a method suitable for A flexible coordinated control system for deep peak-shaving operation of thermal power units.
  • the main features are: on the basis of the traditional machine-furnace coordinated control system, a reverse compensation channel for the fuel quantity command to the power generation load command is added; the flexibility factor is constructed by using the main steam flow signal, and the reverse compensation channel is corrected in the form of a product.
  • Gain the offset value of the power generation load command output from the compensation channel corrects the power generation load command of the unit, and uses the closed-loop regulation characteristics of the furnace-to-machine coordinated control system to reduce the power generation load and the steam pressure control index in front of the turbine at the expense of reducing the power generation load.
  • the flexible control system under normal load conditions, the flexible control system will give priority to ensuring the control quality of power generation load and steam pressure in front of the steam turbine; under the unit's deep peak shaving condition, when the fuel quantity command change rate exceeds the deep peak shaving condition When the allowable rate of change of fuel quantity and the fuel command are lower than the fuel quantity corresponding to the minimum stable combustion load, the control system automatically reduces the range of fuel quantity change to ensure combustion stability.
  • the structural block diagram of the traditional furnace-to-machine coordinated control system is shown in Figure 1.
  • the basic features are: the deviation of the load fixed value signal minus the power generation load signal enters the main control of the steam turbine, and outputs the steam turbine door opening command signal to control the power generation load; the pressure fixed value The deviation of the pressure signal before signal reduction enters the boiler main control, and the output fuel quantity command signal controls the pressure before the machine.
  • the structural block diagram of the flexible coordinated control system suitable for deep peak regulation operation is shown in Figure 2.
  • the main features are: adding a reverse compensation channel for the fuel quantity command signal to set the power generation load command value.
  • Its working mechanism is: when the fuel quantity command increases, a power generation load command offset value is superimposed on the original power generation load command value of the unit according to a certain proportion, so that the superimposed power generation load command is reduced, so that in the steam turbine master control Under the adjustment action, the door opening command decreases, the power generation load decreases and the front pressure increases, and then under the action of the boiler master control, the fuel quantity command decreases; on the contrary, when the fuel quantity command decreases, the original power generation of the unit will be generated according to a certain proportion.
  • a power generation load command offset value is superimposed on the load command fixed value in the reverse direction, so that the superimposed power generation load command increases.
  • the door opening command increases, the power generation load increases and the front pressure decreases.
  • the fuel quantity command increases. Therefore, this reverse compensation channel is equivalent to adding a negative feedback loop to restrict the change of fuel quantity in the coordinated control system.
  • the flexible coordinated control system adapted to the deep peak shaving operation of thermal power units is formed by adding the logic of the compensation channel shown in Figure 3 on the basis of the original furnace-to-machine coordination control system.
  • the logic in the dotted box in the figure is the newly added logic.
  • SUM1 ⁇ SUM4 are four summation calculation modules; RL is a limit change rate module, whose function is to limit the change rate of the input signal within the limit value and then output; A is a constant module; H//L is a high and low limiter Module, the function is to limit the variation range of the input signal within the high and low limit values and then output; MUL is the multiplication calculation module; LAG is the first-order inertial filter module; F(x) is the multi-point broken line function module; K is the gain calculation module.
  • the compensation channel logic includes two parts, one part is the calculation logic of fuel quantity command change, and the other part is the flexibility factor gain correction logic.
  • the fuel quantity command signal passes through the limit change rate module RL to obtain the fuel quantity command signal after the speed limit, the fuel quantity command signal after the speed limit is subtracted from the fuel quantity command signal through the first summation calculation module SUM1, and the fuel quantity command signal exceeds the speed limit.
  • the constant module A outputs the fuel quantity signal corresponding to the minimum steady combustion load of the boiler. After subtracting the deviation of the fuel quantity command signal through the second summation calculation module SUM2, and then through the high and low limiting module H//L, the fuel quantity is obtained.
  • a component signal that commands less than the minimum amount of fuel After the component signal of the fuel quantity command signal exceeding the allowable rate change and the component signal of the fuel quantity command lower than the minimum fuel quantity are summed by the third summation calculation module SUM3, the fuel quantity command change compensation signal is obtained.
  • the flexibility factor gain correction logic is described below. After the boiler main steam flow signal is filtered by the first-order inertial filter module LAG, the multi-point broken line function module F(x) uses the multi-point function to calculate the flexibility factor signal. After adjusting the gain through the K module, the flexibility factor signal passes through the multiplication calculation module.
  • the power generation load command offset signal is obtained by multiplying the MUL and the fuel quantity command change compensation signal.
  • the load fixed value signal in the original control logic is subtracted from the power generation load command bias signal through the fourth summation calculation module SUM4 to obtain a new power generation load fixed value signal.
  • the compensation channel logic works as follows:
  • the allowable rate of change of fuel quantity under the deep peak shaving condition of the unit does not exceed 0.01q ce /min, where q ce is the rated fuel quantity of the unit.
  • the rate of change of the fuel amount command signal is less than the allowable value, the component signal of the rapidly changing fuel amount command is 0.
  • the component signal of the fuel quantity command less than the minimum fuel quantity is the fuel quantity command Portion less than the minimum fuel amount.
  • the variation range of the component signal whose fuel quantity command is less than the minimum fuel quantity is limited between 0 and 0.1q ce .
  • the fuel quantity command change compensation signal is obtained by summing the component signal of the fuel quantity command signal exceeding the allowable rate change and the component signal of the fuel quantity command lower than the minimum fuel quantity.
  • the flexibility factor is constructed by using the main steam flow signal that can directly reflect the unit load.
  • the value range of the flexibility factor is between 0 and 1. 0 means the unit is in the normal load range, 1 means the unit is in the deep peak load range, and between 0 and 1
  • the change between time represents that the unit is in the transition range from conventional load to deep peak load.
  • the setting method of the multi-point broken line function module F(x) is shown in Table 2, where q mse is the unit
  • the rated main steam flow is finally multiplied by the fuel quantity command change compensation signal after the gain adjustment to obtain the load command offset signal.
  • the flexibility factor signal When the unit is in the normal load range, the flexibility factor signal is 0, the load command bias signal is 0, and the compensation logic does not play a role in adjustment; when the unit is in the deep peak load range, the flexibility factor signal is 1, and the compensation logic plays a full role. Adjustment effect; when the unit is in the transition range from normal load to deep peak load, the compensation logic plays a part of adjustment role, the closer the load is to the deep peak load range, the stronger the adjustment effect.
  • the flexibility factor signal gain is the only parameter that needs to be debugged in the control system, which is achieved by setting the gain coefficient in the gain module K.
  • the value range of the gain coefficient is 1 to 2 times of the quotient of the power generation load divided by the fuel amount under the static condition of the unit. .
  • the invention is suitable for the thermal power unit which adopts the coordinated control system of the furnace and the machine, which is suitable for the deep peak regulation operation, the supporting pulverized coal boiler or the circulating fluidized bed boiler.
  • the configuration logic of the reverse compensation channel for setting the value of the power generation load by the fuel quantity command is added.
  • the speed limit value of the change rate limit module RL is set to 0.01 times the rated fuel volume of the unit per minute; the output of the constant module A is set to the fuel volume corresponding to the minimum stable combustion load of the unit; high and low limits
  • the high and low limit settings of the amplitude module H//L are shown in Table 1; the filtering time of the first-order inertia filter module LAG is set to 100s; the parameter settings of the multi-point broken line function module F(x) are shown in Table 2.
  • the multi-point broken line function F(x) module Under the normal operating condition of the unit, first set all the output values of the multi-point broken line function F(x) module to 1, and debug the gain coefficient in the gain module K.
  • the value range of the gain coefficient is the power generation load under the static condition of the unit. Divide by 1 to 2 times of the quotient of the fuel amount, the larger the gain coefficient, the smaller the fluctuation range of the fuel amount, but the worse the control quality of the power generation load and the steam pressure in front of the steam turbine.
  • the multi-point broken line function F ( x) The output value of the module is changed to the setting method in Table 2. The system can be put into use.
  • the control effect is good.
  • the present invention proposes a flexible coordinated control system, which can give priority to ensuring the control quality of power generation load and steam pressure in front of the steam turbine within the normal load range, and can reduce the fluctuation of fuel quantity within the deep peak load range to ensure combustion stability first, adapting to the current thermal power generation depth The requirements of peak shaving operation, the control effect is good.

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Abstract

一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述方法是在传统机跟炉方式协调控制***基础上，增加一个燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道，同时利用主蒸汽流量信号构造柔性因子，由该柔性因子以乘积的方式对反向补偿通道的增益进行修正，得到反向的发电负荷指令偏置值，利用反向的发电负荷指令偏置值对机组发电负荷指令进行修正，达到在常规负荷工况下优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质，在深调峰工况下优先保证燃烧稳定性性的目的。本发明通过燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道来降低燃料量指令的变化速率和向下变化的幅度，保证了各种工况下的控制效果，能满足火电机组常规负荷工况和深调峰工况的控制要求。

Description

一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种火电机组的控制方法，适用于需要深调峰运行的火电机组，属于发电技术领域。
背景技术
目前技术条件下电能难以大规模存储，电网需要通过提升火电机组发电负荷调度灵活性，来消纳用电负荷和以风电为代表的可再生能源发电负荷规模化并网造成的双随机扰动，维持电网频率稳定。提升火电机组灵活性的主要技术手段是拓宽发电负荷调节范围，而其关键在于降低机组发电负荷的运行下限，由当前的50％Pe(额定发电负荷)降低至40％Pe、30％Pe甚至更低，实现机组深调峰运行，为风力发电负荷腾出空间。
火电机组深调峰运行会面临许多问题，如热循环效率下降、脱硝效率下降、辅机电耗率增加等等，但最为严重的是锅炉燃烧稳定性降低、易发生锅炉灭火等安全事故。据统计，造成锅炉灭火的两个主要的可控性因素是燃料量过低和燃料量的波动。原因如下：首先，煤粉气流在锅炉内燃烧是一个先吸热后放热的过程，可获得的吸热量主要取决于炉膛内的平均燃烧温度，锅炉热力计算表明，随燃料量减少平均燃烧温度呈现快速下降的趋势，当燃烧温度过低，煤粉气流吸热不足无法着火时就会导致锅炉灭火。其次，为了满足煤粉的输送要求一次风量不能低于某一低限值，这样深调峰时会出现风多煤少煤粉浓度降低的情况，煤粉气流着火更加困难。再者，燃料量波动会导致锅炉制粉***运行状态不稳定，进而导致进入炉膛的煤粉气流不稳定。例如给煤量突然增加时，大量粗粒煤进入磨煤机产生“压磨”效应，出粉量瞬时降低，会导致煤粉浓度过低从而诱发灭火；又如燃料量波动过程中，风煤比例容易动态失配，瞬时的煤粉浓度过低也会诱发灭火。
火电机组协调控制***的主要功能是通过控制汽轮机进汽调阀开度-燃料量调节机组发电负荷-汽轮机前蒸汽压力，使其跟随指令变化。在常规负荷工况下，协调控制***的主要目标是保证发电负荷和主蒸汽压力的控制品质；而在深调峰工况下，主要目标则需要变更为保证燃烧的稳定性，即防止燃料量过低和降低燃料量波动。但传统协调控制***只针对火电机组常规负 荷工况设计，不能满足深调峰运行要求。
对于存在大惯性特性的被控对象，控制器输出动作幅度与被控变量控制品质之间存在矛盾。提高控制品质就需要加大控制器输出的动作幅度，而限制控制器输出的动作幅度就会降低被控变量的控制品质。协调控制***被控对象也存在大惯性特性，机组深调峰追求的首要目标是低负荷下稳定运行，因此更加强调减少燃料量波动，而对发电负荷和主蒸汽压力控制品质的要求允许适当降低。
理论上可以通过减弱控制器调节作用强度来实现这一目标。但协调控制***包括锅炉主控、汽轮机主控两大控制回路，每个控制回路又包含设定值静态前馈、设定值动态前馈、比例-积分-微分反馈等众多可调参数，此外为了适应被控对象变化已经包含很多变参数补偿逻辑。为了适应深调峰改变调节作用强度，还需要增加更多变的参数逻辑，现场组态、调试、维护非常困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术之弊端，提供一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，可以同时满足火电机组常规负荷工况和深调峰工况的控制要求，保证各种工况下的控制效果。
本发明所述问题是以下述技术方案解决的：
一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述方法是在传统机跟炉方式协调控制***基础上，增加一个燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道，同时利用主蒸汽流量信号构造柔性因子，由该柔性因子以乘积的方式对反向补偿通道的增益进行修正，得到反向的发电负荷指令偏置值，利用反向的发电负荷指令偏置值对机组发电负荷指令进行修正，达到在常规负荷工况下优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质，在深调峰工况下优先保证燃烧稳定性性的目的。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述反向补偿通道设有限制变化速率模块RL、常数模块A、高低限幅模块H//L、乘法计算模块MUL和四个求和计算模块，燃料量指令信号通过第一求和计算模块SUM1减去由限制变化速率模块RL限速后的燃料量指令信号，得到燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号；常数模块A输出的锅炉最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量信号通过第二求和计算模块SUM2减去燃料量指令信号后的偏差，由高低限幅模块H//L限幅后得到燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号，燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号和燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号经过第三求和计算模块SUM3求和后，得到燃料量指令变化补偿信号，燃料量指令变化补偿信号通过乘法计算模块MUL与柔性因子补偿系数相乘， 得到发电负荷指令偏置信号，原发电负荷定值信号通过第四求和计算模块SUM4减去发电负荷指令偏置信号，得到最终的新发电负荷定值信号。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述柔性因子补偿系数通过一阶惯性滤波模块LAG、多点折线函数模块F(x)和增益计算模块K构造，锅炉主蒸汽流量信号先由一阶惯性滤波模块LAG滤波，再经过多点折线函数模块F(x)处理得到柔性因子信号，该柔性因子信号通过增益计算模块K调整增益后，得到最终的柔性因子补偿系数。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述高低限幅模块H//L的高限幅值为0.1×q ce，低限幅值为0，其中q ce为机组额定燃料量。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述多点折线函数模块F(x)的参数如下：
输入为0.0×q mse、0.39×q mse、0.45×q mse、0.5×q mse、1.0×q mse和1.5×q mse时，输出分别为1、1、0.7、0、0和0，其中q mse为机组额定主蒸汽流量。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述柔性因子的取值范围为0～1。
上述适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，所述一阶惯性滤波模块LAG的滤波时间设置为100s。
本发明通过燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道来降低燃料量指令的变化速率和向下变化的幅度，在常规负荷范围内能够优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质，在深调峰负荷范围内则优先保证燃烧稳定性，从而保证了各种工况下的控制效果，能满足火电机组常规负荷工况和深调峰工况的控制要求。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步详述。
图1是传统炉跟机方式协调控制***的结构框图；
图2是柔性协调控制***的结构框图；
图3是柔性协调控制***新增加逻辑示意图。
图中各标号分别表示为：SUM1～SUM4、第一求和计算模块～第四求和计算模块，RL、限制变化速率模块，A、常数模块，H//L、高低限幅模块，MUL、乘法计算模块，LAG、一阶惯性滤波模块，F(x)、多点折线函数模块，K、增益计算模块。
具体实施方式
针对现有协调控制***不能同时满足常规负荷工况下优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽 压力的控制品质、深调峰负荷工况下优先保证燃烧稳定性的不足，本发明提出了一种适用于火电机组深调峰运行的柔性协调控制***。主要特点是：在传统机跟炉方式协调控制***基础上，增加一个燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道；利用主蒸汽流量信号构造柔性因子，以乘积的方式修正反向补偿通道的增益；补偿通道输出反向的发电负荷指令偏置值对机组发电负荷指令进行修正，利用炉跟机方式协调控制***的闭环调节特性，以降低发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力控制指标为代价，降低燃料量指令的变化速率和向下变化的幅度。能够实现以下技术目标：在常规负荷工况下，柔性控制***优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质；在机组深调峰工况下，当燃料量指令变化速率超过深调峰工况允许的燃料量变化速率以及燃料指令低于最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量时，控制***自动减小燃料量变化幅度以保证燃烧稳定性。
技术原理
传统炉跟机方式协调控制***的结构框图如图1所示，基本特点是：负荷定值信号减发电负荷信号的偏差进入汽机主控，输出汽轮机调门开度指令信号控制发电负荷；压力定值信号减机前压力信号的偏差进入锅炉主控，输出燃料量指令信号控制机前压力。
适应深调峰运行的柔性协调控制***的结构框图如图2所示，主要特点是：增加一个燃料量指令信号对发电负荷指令定值的反向补偿通道。其工作机理是：当燃料量指令增加时，按照一定比例在机组原发电负荷指令定值上反向叠加一个发电负荷指令偏置值，使得叠加后的发电负荷指令降低，这样在汽机主控的调节作用下，调门开度指令降低，发电负荷降低同时机前压力升高，进而在锅炉主控的作用下，燃料量指令降低；反之，当燃料量指令降低时，按照一定比例在机组原发电负荷指令定值上反向叠加一个发电负荷指令偏置值，使得叠加后的发电负荷指令增加，这样在汽机主控的调节作用下，调门开度指令增加，发电负荷增加同时机前压力降低，进而在锅炉主控的作用下，燃料量指令增加。所以，这个反向补偿通道相当于在协调控制***中增加了一个约束燃料量变化的负反馈回路，燃料量波动时能自动修正发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力以减小燃料量波动。
柔性协调控制的本质仍是以降低发电负荷和机前压力的控制品质为代价，换取燃料量波动幅度的减小。但优点是，发电负荷和机前压力控制品质降低的幅度是可控的。一方面，这一补偿回路确定了燃料量变化幅度与发电负荷偏差之间定量的对应关系，获得的收益与造成的损失物理意义明确；另一方面，增加这一补偿回路其负反馈作用使得控制***的整体稳定性提高。
技术方案
适应火电机组深调峰运行的柔性协调控制***是在原炉跟机方式协调控制***基础上增 加如图3所示的补偿通道的逻辑构成的，图中虚线框内的逻辑为新增加的逻辑。其中：SUM1～SUM4为四个求和计算模块；RL为限制变化速率模块，功能是将输入信号的变化速率限制在限定值之内然后输出；A为常数模块；H//L为高低限幅模块，功能是将输入信号的变化幅度限制在高、低限值之内然后输出；MUL为乘法计算模块；LAG为一阶惯性滤波模块；F(x)为多点折线函数模块；K为增益计算模块。
补偿通道逻辑包括两个部分，一部分是燃料量指令变化计算逻辑，另外一部分是柔性因子增益修正逻辑。
首先说明燃料量变化计算逻辑。燃料量指令信号经过限制变化速率模块RL得到限速后的燃料量指令信号，由燃料量指令信号经过第一求和计算模块SUM1减去限速后的燃料量指令信号，得到燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号。常数模块A输出锅炉最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量信号，经过第二求和计算模块SUM2减去燃料量指令信号后的偏差，再经过高低限幅模块H//L限幅后，得到燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号。燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号和燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号经过第三求和计算模块SUM3求和后，得到燃料量指令变化补偿信号。
下面说明柔性因子增益修正逻辑。锅炉主蒸汽流量信号经过一阶惯性滤波模块LAG滤波后，经过多点折线函数模块F(x)利用多点函数计算得到柔性因子信号，柔性因子信号通过K模块调整增益后，再通过乘法计算模块MUL与燃料量指令变化补偿信号相乘得到发电负荷指令偏置信号。
原控制逻辑中的负荷定值信号，通过第四求和计算模块SUM4减去发电负荷指令偏置信号，得到新的发电负荷定值信号。
补偿通道逻辑的工作原理是：
机组深调峰工况允许的燃料量变化速率不超过0.01q ce/min，其中q ce为机组额定燃料量。将限制变化速率模块RL的限速值设置为机组深调峰工况允许的燃料量变化速率，然后用燃料量指令信号减去限速后的燃料量指令信号得到燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号(燃料量指令快速变化的分量信号)，当燃料量指令信号变化速率小于允许值时燃料量指令快速变化的分量信号为0，当燃料量指令信号变化速率快于允许值时燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号不为0，物理意义为燃料量指令变化超出允许变化量的幅度。将常数模块A的输出设置为机组最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量，减去燃料量指令信号的差再经过限幅后，得到燃料量指令小于最小燃料量的分量信号，高低限幅模块H//L的高低限幅值如表1所示。当燃料量指令 信号大于等于最小燃料量时，燃料量指令小于最小燃料量的分量信号为0，当燃料量指令信号小于最小燃料量时，燃料量指令小于最小燃料量的分量信号为燃料量指令小于最小燃料量的部分。为了防止燃料量指令异常导致发电负荷指令大幅波动，将燃料量指令小于最小燃料量的分量信号的变化范围限定在0～0.1q ce之间。对燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号和燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号求和，得到燃料量指令变化补偿信号。当燃料量指令变化速率过快、燃料量指令过低时，燃料量指令变化补偿信号的输出会大于0。
表1 H//L模块参数设置
高限值(t/h) 0.1×q ce
低限值(t/h) 0
利用能够直接反映机组负荷大小的主蒸汽流量信号构造柔性因子，柔性因子取值范围在0～1之间，0代表机组处于常规负荷区间，1代表机组处于深调峰负荷区间，0～1之间变化代表机组处于常规负荷至深调峰负荷的过渡区间。先对主蒸汽流量信号进行一阶惯性滤波，滤波时间为100s，然后利用多点折线函数计算出柔性因子信号，多点折线函数模块F(x)的设置方式见表2，其中q mse为机组额定主蒸汽流量，最后经过增益调整后乘以燃料量指令变化补偿信号得到负荷指令偏置信号。当机组处于常规负荷区间时，柔性因子信号为0，负荷指令偏置信号为0，补偿逻辑不发挥调节作用；当机组处于深调峰负荷区间时，柔性因子信号为1，补偿逻辑发挥完全的调节作用；机组处于常规负荷至深调峰负荷的过渡区间时，补偿逻辑发挥部分调节作用，负荷越接近深调峰负荷区间，调节作用越强。
表2 F(x)参数设置
Figure PCTCN2020130423-appb-000001
柔性因子信号增益是控制***中唯一需要进行调试的参数，通过设置增益模块K中的增益系数实现。增益系数的取值范围为机组静态工况下发电负荷除以燃料量的商的1～2倍，增益系数越大燃料量的波动幅度越小但发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质越差。
实施步骤
(1)实施条件确认
发明适用于深调峰运行的，配套煤粉锅炉或循环流化床锅炉的、采用炉跟机方式协调控制***的火电机组。
(2)控制逻辑修改及参数设置
在机组DCS(分散控制***)中，在原协调控制***组态逻辑基础上，依据图3，增加燃料量指令对发电负荷定值的反向补偿通道的组态逻辑。
设置逻辑中主要模块的参数，包括：变化速率限制模块RL的限速值设置为0.01倍的机组额定燃料量每分钟；常数模块A的输出设置为机组最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量；高低限幅模块H//L的高低限值设置见表1；一阶惯性滤波模块LAG的滤波时间设置为100s；多点折线函数模块F(x)参数设置见表2。
(4)参数调试
在机组正常运行工况下，先将多点折线函数F(x)模块的输出值全部设置为1，调试增益模块K中的增益系数，增益系数的取值范围在机组静态工况下发电负荷除以燃料量的商的1～2倍之间，增益系数越大燃料量的波动幅度越小但发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质越差，调试完成后再将多点折线函数F(x)模块的输出值改为表2设置方式。***可以投入使用。
有益效果
(1)控制效果好。本发明提出柔性协调控制***，在常规负荷范围内能够优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质，在深调峰负荷范围内能够减少燃料量波动优先保证燃烧稳定性，适应当前火电机组深调峰运行的要求，控制效果好。
(2)控制***可调参数少，结构简单物理意义明确，现场调试简单快捷。
(3)控制***稳定性好，调试过程风险低。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述方法是在传统机跟炉方式协调控制***基础上，增加一个燃料量指令对发电负荷指令的反向补偿通道，同时利用主蒸汽流量信号构造柔性因子，由该柔性因子以乘积的方式对反向补偿通道的增益进行修正，得到反向的发电负荷指令偏置值，利用反向的发电负荷指令偏置值对机组发电负荷指令进行修正，达到在常规负荷工况下优先保证发电负荷和汽轮机前蒸汽压力的控制品质，在深调峰工况下优先保证燃烧稳定性性的目的。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述反向补偿通道设有限制变化速率模块(RL)、常数模块(A)、高低限幅模块(H//L)、乘法计算模块(MUL)和四个求和计算模块，燃料量指令信号通过第一求和计算模块(SUM1)减去由限制变化速率模块(RL)限速后的燃料量指令信号，得到燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号；常数模块(A)输出的锅炉最低稳燃负荷对应的燃料量信号通过第二求和计算模块(SUM2)减去燃料量指令信号后的偏差，由高低限幅模块(H//L)限幅后得到燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号，燃料量指令信号超出允许速率变化的分量信号和燃料量指令低于最小燃料量的分量信号经过第三求和计算模块(SUM3)求和后，得到燃料量指令变化补偿信号，燃料量指令变化补偿信号通过乘法计算模块(MUL)与柔性因子补偿系数相乘，得到发电负荷指令偏置信号，原发电负荷定值信号通过第四求和计算模块(SUM4)减去发电负荷指令偏置信号，得到最终的新发电负荷定值信号。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述柔性因子补偿系数通过一阶惯性滤波模块(LAG)、多点折线函数模块(F(x))和增益计算模块(K)构造，锅炉主蒸汽流量信号先由一阶惯性滤波模块(LAG)滤波，再经过多点折线函数模块(F(x))处理得到柔性因子信号，该柔性因子信号通过增益计算模块(K)调整增益后，得到最终的柔性因子补偿系数。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述高低限幅模块(H//L)的高限幅值为0.1×q ce，低限幅值为0，其中q ce为机组额定燃料量。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所 述多点折线函数模块(F(x))的参数如下：
    输入为0.0×q mse、0.39×q mse、0.45×q mse、0.5×q mse、1.0×q mse和1.5×q mse时，输出分别为1、1、0.7、0、0和0，其中q mse为机组额定主蒸汽流量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述柔性因子的取值范围为0～1。
  7. 根据权利要求3所述的适用于深调峰运行的火电机组柔性协调控制方法，其特征是，所述一阶惯性滤波模块(LAG)的滤波时间设置为100s。
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