WO2020199928A1 - 检测电池组内短路的方法及相关装置、电动车 - Google Patents
检测电池组内短路的方法及相关装置、电动车 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020199928A1 WO2020199928A1 PCT/CN2020/080006 CN2020080006W WO2020199928A1 WO 2020199928 A1 WO2020199928 A1 WO 2020199928A1 CN 2020080006 W CN2020080006 W CN 2020080006W WO 2020199928 A1 WO2020199928 A1 WO 2020199928A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0046—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electric energy storage systems, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
- G01R31/3835—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC involving only voltage measurements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
Definitions
- This application relates to the technical field of secondary batteries, and in particular to a method for detecting short circuits in battery packs (especially electric vehicle battery packs), related devices, and electric vehicles.
- the energy density of rechargeable batteries (also referred to as secondary batteries) in the fields of energy storage and electric vehicles is constantly increasing.
- the safety issues of rechargeable batteries have become more and more severe.
- the safety problems of rechargeable batteries mainly include overcharging, overdischarging, internal short circuit, overtemperature, etc. Among them, overtemperature can easily cause thermal runaway of the rechargeable battery, which can cause serious accidents such as fire and explosion.
- Studies have found that the main reason that causes the rechargeable battery to evolve from over-temperature to thermal runaway is the internal short circuit of the rechargeable battery caused by environmental over-temperature, mechanical abuse, and spontaneous lithium evolution.
- the lithium ion battery in the battery pack in Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an internal short circuit due to the metal foreign body piercing the diaphragm during the manufacturing process.
- the internal short circuit resistance is related to the size of the metal foreign body and the number of short-circuit points.
- the continuous heating of the short-circuit point causes the diaphragm to fail.
- the metal foreign body gradually increases, the short-circuit resistance gradually decreases, and the heat generation of the lithium-ion battery caused by the internal short-circuit also gradually increases.
- the heat generation of the lithium-ion battery exceeds the upper limit of the battery system, it will cause thermal runaway.
- the degree of internal short-circuit can be evaluated by the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery. The smaller the internal short-circuit resistance, the greater the degree of internal short-circuit in the battery, and the more likely it is for thermal runaway to occur. Therefore, the identification of the internal short circuit of the rechargeable battery and the calculation of the short-circuit resistance of the rechargeable battery are important issues for battery safety management.
- the embodiments of the present application provide a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack, a related device, and an electric vehicle, which can overcome the low accuracy of calculation or identification of the battery short circuit based on estimation in the prior art, which is easy to misjudge.
- an embodiment of the present application provides a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack.
- the method includes: the battery management module measures the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the reference battery The voltage value at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , the voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the secondary charge, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1 , and the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2) Further, according to the second voltage value V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2), it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the target battery has an internal short circuit; otherwise, the target battery does not have an internal short circuit.
- the voltage of the battery refers to the terminal voltage, that is, the voltage across the battery, which is equal to the difference between the open circuit voltage of the battery and the voltage drop on the internal resistance of the battery.
- each embodiment of the present application only takes the execution subject as the battery management module as an example.
- the above method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack may also be implemented by a vehicle controller, a detection device for a short circuit in the battery pack, and a device including the battery pack. , Terminal or vehicle.
- the embodiments of the present application only take the battery management module as the execution body as an example for illustration, and the foregoing method of detecting a short circuit in a battery pack may also be executed by a vehicle controller, a device including a battery pack, a terminal, or a vehicle.
- the battery management module uses the reference battery as a benchmark, compares the voltages obtained by the target battery at two different moments, qualitatively determines whether the battery has an internal short circuit, and in the process of identifying the internal short circuit, it is only based on the accurate measurement
- the voltage value does not involve the calculation of the estimated quantity, which can improve the precision and accuracy of the internal short circuit identification.
- the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage Vset2 , and the reference battery is at the third
- the voltage value at time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3)
- the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2
- the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t4 is The sixth voltage V1 (t4)
- the battery management module can also perform equalizing discharge on the reference battery from the fifth time t5 to the sixth time t6 after the third time t3 and before the second time t2, and measure the reference battery at The voltage during the equalization discharge; further, after the battery pack is charged for the second time, the battery management module can measure the voltage measured from the first time t1 to the fourth time t4 according to the voltage of the reference battery during the equalization discharge process The voltage of the target battery, the fifth voltage V1 (t3), and
- the equalization circuit corresponding to the reference battery is used to dissipate the energy of the reference battery, and usually includes a resistor R1 connected in parallel with the reference battery and a switch connected in series with the resistor R1. When the battery management module controls the switch to close, the reference battery energy Dissipate through resistor R1.
- the calculation process of the internal short-circuit resistance is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the battery is calculated by the relative change in the battery voltage.
- the calculation of the internal short circuit is decoupled from the estimated amount of the battery, which reduces the calculation complexity and improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- the battery management module may also: detect the voltage of the auxiliary battery during the first charging of the battery pack, where the auxiliary battery is The voltage value at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1), and the voltage of the auxiliary battery is higher than the voltage of the target battery; at the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, the auxiliary battery is equalized and discharged, and the balance of the auxiliary battery is measured For the voltage during discharge, the seventh time is the time after the third time; and, during the second charging of the battery pack, the voltage of the auxiliary battery is detected, wherein the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the second time t2 is the first Eight voltage V3 (t2); according to the voltage of the auxiliary battery in the equalization discharge process, the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the second time t2, the seventh voltage V3 (t1) and the eighth voltage V3 (t2) ) Calculate the internal short-cir
- a quantitative calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance can be achieved, and the calculation process of the internal short-circuit resistance is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the battery is calculated by the relative change in the battery voltage.
- the calculation of the internal short circuit is decoupled from the estimated amount of the battery, which reduces the calculation complexity and improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides another method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack.
- the method includes: the battery management module measures the terminal voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein , The voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage Vset2 , the voltage value of the reference battery at the third time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3), the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the second charging process, where the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t4 is the sixth voltage V1 (t4); Furthermore, according to the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4), it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the target battery has an internal short circuit; otherwise, the target battery does not have an internal short circuit.
- the battery management module uses the target battery as a benchmark, compares the voltages obtained by the reference battery at two different moments, qualitatively determines whether the target battery has an internal short circuit, and does not involve estimation in the process of identifying the internal short circuit of the battery.
- the calculation of is only based on the voltage value that can be accurately measured, which can improve the accuracy and accuracy of internal short circuit identification.
- the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1
- the target battery is at the first time
- the voltage value of t1 is the second voltage V2 (t1)
- the fourth voltage V set2 is greater than the second voltage V2 (t1)
- the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first
- the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2), the first voltage V set1
- the battery management module can also be after the third time t3, before the second time t2, at the fifth time From time t5 to the sixth time t6, the reference battery is equalized and discharged, and the voltage of the reference battery in the equalizing discharge process is measured; further, after the battery pack is charged for the second time, according to the voltage of the reference battery in the equalizing discharge process, The voltage of the target battery, the fifth
- the calculation process of the internal short-circuit resistance is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the battery is calculated by the relative change in the battery voltage.
- the calculation of the internal short circuit is decoupled from the estimated amount of the battery, which reduces the calculation complexity and improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- the voltage of the auxiliary battery is detected during the first charging of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set2 , the voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1), and the voltage of the auxiliary battery is higher than that of the target battery Voltage; further, after the first time t1, the battery management module can perform equalizing discharge on the auxiliary battery at the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, and measure the voltage of the auxiliary battery during the equalizing discharge process;
- the voltage of the auxiliary battery is detected, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage Vset1 , and the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2 ), the voltage value
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery.
- the method includes: measuring the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the reference battery is in the first
- the voltage value at time t1 is the first voltage V set1
- the voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1)
- the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage V set2
- the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; from the fifth time t5 to the sixth time t6, the reference battery is processed by the equalization circuit corresponding to the reference battery.
- the fifth time t5 is the time after the third time t3; the reference battery and the target battery are measured during the second charge of the battery pack
- the voltage of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1
- the voltage of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2)
- the voltage of the target battery at the fourth time t4 The value is the fourth voltage Vset2
- the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t2 is the sixth voltage V1(t4); further, according to the voltage of the reference battery during the equalization discharge process, from the first time t1 to the fourth time t4
- the measured voltage of the target battery, the fifth voltage V1 (t3), and the sixth voltage V1 (t4) calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the calculation process of the internal short-circuit resistance is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the battery is calculated by the relative change in the battery voltage.
- the calculation of the internal short circuit is decoupled from the estimated amount of the battery, which reduces the calculation complexity and improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- a specific implementation of calculating the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be: the battery management module calculates the reference battery at the third time t1 and the fourth time according to the fifth voltage V1(t3) and the sixth voltage V1(t4).
- the integrated value of the voltage of the target battery from the first time t1 to the second time t2 and the integrated value of the voltage of the target battery from the third time t3 to the fourth time t4 are calculated to calculate the internal short-
- the embodiments of the present application also provide a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack.
- the method may include: measuring the voltages of the reference battery, the target battery, and the auxiliary battery during the first charging of the battery pack, where: The voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , the voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), and the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1), the battery pack includes the auxiliary battery, the target battery and the reference battery; from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, the auxiliary battery is balanced and discharged through the equalization circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery, and the auxiliary battery is measured at the seventh time.
- the voltage from time t7 to the eighth time t8, the seventh time t7 is the time after the first time t1; the voltage of the reference battery, the target battery and the auxiliary battery are measured during the second charging of the battery pack, where the reference battery
- the voltage value at the second time t2 is the first voltage Vset1
- the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2)
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the second time t2 is the eighth voltage V3( t2)
- it is calculated based on the voltage of the auxiliary battery in the equalizing discharge process, the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the second time t2, the seventh voltage V3 (t1) and the eighth voltage V3 (t2) The internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the calculation process of the internal short-circuit resistance is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the battery is calculated by the relative change in the battery voltage.
- the calculation of the internal short circuit is decoupled from the estimated amount of the battery, which reduces the calculation complexity and improves the calculation efficiency and accuracy of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- a specific implementation of calculating the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be: the battery management module calculates the target battery at the first time t1 and the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2). The voltage difference at time t2; according to the seventh voltage V3(t1) and the eighth voltage V3(t2), calculate the voltage difference of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2; and calculate the voltage of the auxiliary battery at the seventh time The integrated value from t7 to the eighth time t8, the integrated value of the target battery voltage from the first time t1 to the second time t2; further, according to the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, the auxiliary battery is The voltage difference between the first time t1 and the second time t2, the integrated value of the auxiliary battery voltage from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, and the integrated value of the target battery voltage from the first time t1 to the second time t2
- the target battery may be an internal short circuit detected by the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the first aspect or the second aspect.
- the battery may also be a battery with an internal short circuit determined by the method of qualitatively identifying the internal short circuit in the battery in the prior art.
- the battery management module can perform hierarchical processing according to the calculated internal short-circuit resistance.
- the method may further include determining whether the target battery has an internal short circuit according to the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery, and/or according to the calculated The internal short-circuit resistance carries on the graded alarm. For example, when the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery is less than the first resistance value, it is recognized that the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is:
- ⁇ V1 V1(t3)-V1(t4)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t1)-V2(t2)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance
- R1 is the resistance of the load in the balance circuit of the reference battery
- V1(t ) Is the voltage of the reference battery as a function of the time variable t
- V2(t) is the voltage of the target battery as a function of the time variable t.
- the method may further include: in the process of equalizing the discharge of the reference battery, measuring the The average resistance of the batteries in the battery pack; at the sixth time t6, the balanced discharge of the reference battery is stopped, and the sixth time t6 makes the difference between the voltage of the reference battery at the sixth time t6 and the average voltage of the batteries in the battery pack at the sixth time t6 The value is not greater than the preset threshold.
- the battery management module can also determine that the reference battery corresponds to the battery with the largest voltage value according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process, and determine that the target battery is the battery pack other than the reference battery. Or, the battery management module can also determine that the reference battery is the battery whose voltage value in the battery pack is greater than the first voltage threshold according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process For any battery, it is determined that the target battery is any battery in the battery group whose voltage value is less than the first voltage threshold.
- the first voltage threshold may be an average value of the voltages of the batteries in the battery pack obtained by measurement.
- the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is The calculation formula is:
- ⁇ V3 V3(t2)-V3(t1)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t2)-V2(t1)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance
- R3 is the resistance of the load in the balance circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery
- V3(t) V2(t) is the voltage of the auxiliary battery as a function of the time variable t
- V2(t) is the voltage of the target battery as a function of the time variable t.
- the fourth or any one of the fourth aspects in the process of equalizing the discharge of the reference battery, the average of the batteries in the battery pack is measured Resistance; at the eighth time t8 to stop the equalized discharge of the auxiliary battery, the eighth time t8 makes the voltage of the auxiliary battery at the eighth time t8 and the average voltage of the batteries in the battery pack at the eighth time t8 is not greater than the preset threshold .
- the battery management module can also determine that the auxiliary battery is the battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process; determine that the target battery is any battery that has an internal short circuit in the battery pack One battery, and the reference battery is determined to be any battery in the battery pack except the auxiliary battery and the target battery.
- the battery management module can also determine that the auxiliary battery is the battery with the largest voltage value corresponding to the battery according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process, and determine that the reference battery is greater than the first voltage threshold in the battery pack
- the target battery is determined to be any battery in the battery group whose voltage value is less than the first voltage threshold.
- the first voltage threshold may be an average value of the voltages of the batteries in the battery pack obtained by measurement.
- the battery management module can also determine the first voltage V set1 and/or the fourth voltage V set2 .
- the battery management module may determine the first voltage V set1 and/or the fourth voltage V set2 according to the open circuit voltage (OCV)-battery state of charge (SOC) curve of the battery, where, The first voltage V set1 and/or the fourth voltage V set2 are within an approximately linear range in the battery OCV-SOC curve.
- OCV-SOC curve may be known, or may be generated by the battery management module according to the battery voltage measured in the historical charging process.
- the battery management system may determine a preset voltage range based on the voltage of the battery measured in the historical charging process, within the preset voltage range, the OCV and SOC of the battery are in an approximately linear relationship, and the first voltage V set1 and/or The fourth voltage V set2 is within the preset voltage range.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a short circuit detection device in a battery pack, including:
- the measuring unit is used to measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage Vset1 , and the target battery is at The voltage value at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; and, the measured value is measured during the second charge of the battery pack.
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1 , and the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage Three voltage V2(t2);
- the judging unit is configured to judge whether the target battery has an internal short circuit according to the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2).
- each unit in the device may refer to any implementation of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack, including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any of the programs and codes described in the first aspect.
- a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any of the programs and codes described in the first aspect.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may also include a voltage acquisition module, a communication interface or a user interface, etc., which will not be repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a short circuit detection device in a battery pack, including:
- the measuring unit is used to measure the terminal voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the reference battery
- the voltage value at the third time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3)
- the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; and, the measurement is performed during the second charge of the battery pack
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery wherein the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t4 is The sixth voltage V1 (t4);
- the determining unit is configured to determine whether the target battery has an internal short circuit according to the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- the specific implementation of the device described in the sixth aspect and the units in the device may refer to any implementation of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack, including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any one of the programs and codes described in the second aspect. Method of detecting short circuit in battery pack.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may also include a voltage acquisition module, a communication interface or a user interface, etc., which will not be repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a short circuit detection device in a battery pack, including:
- the measuring unit is used to measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage Vset1 , and the target battery is at The voltage value of the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage value of the reference battery at the third time t3 The value is the fifth voltage V1(t3), and the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery;
- the equalizing and discharging unit is configured to perform equalizing and discharging of the reference battery through the equalizing circuit corresponding to the reference battery from the fifth time t5 to the sixth time t6, and to measure the reference battery from the fifth time t5 to the fifth time t5.
- the voltage at the sixth time t6, the fifth time t5 is a time after the third time t3;
- the measuring unit is further configured to measure the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery during the second charging of the battery pack, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is The first voltage V set1 , the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2), the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , so The voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t2 is the sixth voltage V1 (t4);
- the calculation unit is configured to calculate the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the fourth time t4, and the fifth voltage V1(t3) according to the voltage of the reference battery during the equalizing discharge process. ) And the sixth voltage V1 (t4) to calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the device described in the seventh aspect and the specific implementation of each unit in the device may refer to any implementation of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the third aspect, which is not repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack, including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any one of those described in the third aspect.
- Method of detecting short circuit in battery pack including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any one of those described in the third aspect.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may also include a voltage acquisition module, a communication interface or a user interface, etc., which will not be repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a short circuit detection device in a battery pack, including:
- the measuring unit is used to measure the voltage of the reference battery, the target battery and the auxiliary battery during the first charging of the battery pack, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , The voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1), and the battery pack includes the Auxiliary battery, said target battery and said reference battery;
- the equalizing and discharging unit is used to perform equalizing and discharging the auxiliary battery through the equalizing circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, and to measure the auxiliary battery during the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8.
- the voltage at the eighth time t8, and the seventh time t7 is a time after the first time t1;
- the measuring unit is further configured to measure the voltages of the reference battery, the target battery, and the auxiliary battery during the second charge of the battery pack, wherein the reference battery is at a second time t2
- the voltage value of is the first voltage V set1
- the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2)
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the second time t2 is The eighth voltage V3(t2);
- the calculation unit is used to calculate the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the second time t2, the seventh voltage V3(t1 ) And the eighth voltage V3(t2) to calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the device described in the eighth aspect and the specific implementation of each unit in the device may refer to any implementation of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the fourth aspect, which is not repeated here.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a device for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack, including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any one of those described in the fourth aspect.
- a method of detecting short circuits in the battery pack including: a memory and a processor, and the processing is used to call programs and codes stored in the memory to execute any one of those described in the fourth aspect.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may also include a voltage acquisition module, a communication interface or a user interface, etc., which will not be repeated here.
- the detection device for short circuit in the battery pack described in any of the fifth to twelfth aspects above may be an electric vehicle, an electronic device, etc., or a battery management module in an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or an electric vehicle.
- the vehicle controller in the vehicle may also be a module or chip separately provided in an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or a server or cloud.
- the electronic device can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, an AR/VR device, a vehicle-mounted unit, etc.
- the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable medium that stores program code for device execution, and the program code includes the program code for executing any one of the first to fourth aspects. The method described.
- the embodiments of the present application also provide a computer program product containing instructions, when the computer program product is run on a computer, the computer is caused to execute the method described in any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a system for detecting short-circuit resistance in a battery pack, including: a battery pack formed by a plurality of batteries in series, an equalization circuit respectively coupled to each battery in the battery pack, and a memory And a processor; wherein the memory is used to store data and instructions, and the processor is used to call the data and instructions stored in the memory to execute the first, second, third, or fourth aspect Any method of detecting short-circuit resistance in a battery pack.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides an electric vehicle, including: any system for detecting short-circuit resistance in a battery pack as described in the ninth aspect.
- an embodiment of the present application also provides a chip, including: a voltage acquisition module, a processor, and a memory.
- the voltage acquisition module is used to collect the voltage of each battery in the battery pack
- the memory is used to store data and instructions.
- the processor is configured to call data and instructions stored in the memory to execute any method for detecting the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack as described in the first, second, third or fourth aspect.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a lithium ion battery in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application, which forms an internal short circuit due to metal foreign bodies piercing the diaphragm during the manufacturing process;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a vehicle power system in an embodiment of the application
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a battery system in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a system for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application;
- FIG. 5A is a schematic flowchart of the first method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application
- FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram of the first method of detecting a short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of this application;
- 5C is a schematic circuit diagram of an equivalent circuit model in an embodiment of the application.
- 5D is a schematic explanatory diagram of an OCV-SOC curve of a battery in an embodiment of the application.
- 6A is a schematic flowchart of a second method for detecting short circuits in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application
- FIG. 6B is a schematic diagram of the second method of detecting short circuits in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 7A is a schematic flowchart of a third method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of this application.
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram of the principle of calculating the short-circuit resistance of the battery in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 8A is a schematic flowchart of a fourth method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application
- 8B is another schematic diagram of the principle of calculating the short-circuit resistance of the battery in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a detection device for short circuit in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another device for detecting short circuits in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another device for detecting short circuits in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application;
- FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of the structure of yet another short circuit detection device in a battery pack in an embodiment of the application.
- the system 20 may include a battery system 21, a high-voltage power distribution box 22, a fast charging interface 23, a vehicle controller 24, and energy consumption components (such as a motor 25, Air conditioner 26 etc.), DC power converter 27, car charger 28, etc.
- a battery system (also referred to as a "system for detecting short-circuit resistance in a battery pack" in the embodiment of the present application) is a structural diagram.
- the battery system 21 may include a battery pack 211, and an equalizer coupled to the batteries in the battery pack 211
- the battery pack 211 includes multiple batteries, and multiple batteries can be connected in series; multiple batteries can also be connected in parallel first and then connected in series.
- the equalization circuit module 212 is connected to the battery pack 211 and is controlled by the battery management module 213 to maintain the consistency of the voltages of multiple batteries connected in series.
- the equalizing circuit module 212 may include an equalizing circuit corresponding to the batteries connected in series in the battery pack, and the equalizing circuit is used to adjust the voltage of the battery corresponding to the equalizing circuit.
- the equalization circuit can be a load consumption type equalization.
- the equalization circuit shown in Figure 3 has a resistor in parallel on each battery, and a switch in series with the resistor.
- the battery B1 is connected in parallel with the resistor R1, and the switch S1 is used to control the balanced discharge of the battery B1 through the equalization circuit; similarly, the batteries B2, B3, and B4 are connected in parallel with the resistors R2, R3, and R4, and pass through the switches S2, S3, S4 controls the equalizing circuit corresponding to the battery to perform equalizing discharge.
- the battery management module 213 controls the switch to close, so that the current is shunted through the resistor, so that the current of the battery with high voltage is small.
- the equalization circuit is an existing technology, and the equalization circuit may also include other implementation manners, which will not be repeated in the embodiment of the present application.
- the battery management module 213 may include at least one of a data collection unit 2131, a state estimation unit 2132, a battery equalization unit 2133, a safety monitoring unit 2134, a thermal management unit 2135, a charge and discharge management unit 2136, an information recording unit 2137, an output control unit 2138, etc.
- a data collection unit 2131 may include at least one of a data collection unit 2131, a state estimation unit 2132, a battery equalization unit 2133, a safety monitoring unit 2134, a thermal management unit 2135, a charge and discharge management unit 2136, an information recording unit 2137, an output control unit 2138, etc.
- the data collection unit 2131 is used to collect data such as the temperature, voltage and/or current of the batteries in the battery pack 211; the state estimation unit 2131 is used to estimate the battery status according to the data collected by the data collection unit (battery status can include charging status, Discharge state, high temperature state, low temperature state, etc.; the battery equalization unit 2133 is used to control the equalization circuit module 212; the safety monitoring unit 2134 is used to realize the safety monitoring of the battery pack 211, and can monitor the battery pack overvoltage and overcurrent At least one of monitoring, under-voltage monitoring, over-temperature monitoring, internal short-circuit monitoring, etc.; the thermal management unit 2135 is used to adjust the temperature of the battery pack 211 to achieve cooling and/or heating of the battery pack 211; the charge-discharge management unit 2136 It is used to charge/discharge the battery pack 211, etc.; the information recording unit is used to store data generated during use of the battery pack 211.
- the functions of the above-mentioned units can be implemented by hardware or software.
- the battery management module The internal short circuit monitoring can be realized, and specifically, the method for detecting the internal short circuit of the battery pack described in any one of the following embodiments 1 to 4 can be realized.
- the battery management module 213 can collect the voltage of each battery in the battery pack 211, and determine the reference battery, auxiliary battery, and target battery according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack 211.
- the reference battery is used as a reference and is the battery pack 211.
- a battery without an internal short circuit; the auxiliary battery is a battery with no internal short-circuit resistance in the battery pack 211.
- the auxiliary battery and the reference battery may also be the same battery;
- the target battery is the battery to be detected, which is the battery pack 211
- the battery may have an internal short circuit.
- the battery management module 213 may view the voltage change of the target battery based on the voltage of the reference battery during the two charging processes; or, use the voltage of the target battery during the two charges as the reference, and view the reference The voltage of the battery changes, and further, it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit based on the voltage change. It can be understood that under the condition that the voltage of the reference battery during the two charging processes is used as the reference, if the voltage change of the target battery corresponding to the reference battery at the same voltage value during the two charging processes is greater than the preset threshold, it can be considered as the target The battery has an internal short circuit.
- the battery management module 213 can perform balanced discharge of the auxiliary battery between two charging processes, according to the voltage of the auxiliary battery during the two charging processes and the voltage during the equalizing discharge process, the target battery and the auxiliary battery
- the voltage of the battery during the two charging processes calculates the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery, and based on the calculated internal short-circuit resistance, a hierarchical alarm for the internal short-circuit of the battery is realized.
- the “voltage of the battery” in the present invention refers to the “terminal voltage of the battery”, that is, the difference between the positive electrode voltage and the negative electrode voltage of the battery, that is, the output voltage of the battery.
- the battery system 21 provides driving force for energy-consuming components such as the motor 25 and the air conditioner 26 through the high-voltage power distribution box 22, and can also convert the high-voltage DC power provided by the battery system 21 into the vehicle controller 24 through the power converter 27.
- the power converter 27 is usually a DC-to-DC power converter (DC-to-DC converter), which is used to convert a high-voltage DC power supply to a low-voltage DC power supply, such as a power supply of 12V, 5V or other voltage values.
- the vehicle controller 24 is used to control the vehicle and its components.
- the vehicle controller may include at least one processor that executes instructions stored in a non-transitory computer readable medium such as a data storage device.
- the computer system can also be multiple computing devices that control individual components or subsystems of the vehicle in a distributed manner.
- the processor may be any conventional processor, such as a commercially available CPU.
- the processor may be a dedicated device such as an ASIC or other hardware-based processor.
- the vehicle controller 24 can interact with the motor controller, battery management module, charging system, braking system, cooling system, etc. through the CAN bus.
- the vehicle controller 24 may also include a user interface to realize human-computer interaction with the user of the vehicle.
- the vehicle controller may send an instruction to the motor controller, and the instruction may include motor power information, motor mode information, or other parameters for controlling the motor, so that the motor controller can control the motor according to the instruction.
- the instruction may include motor power information, motor mode information, or other parameters for controlling the motor, so that the motor controller can control the motor according to the instruction.
- the vehicle controller and the battery management system exchange information through the CAN bus.
- the vehicle controller can issue instructions to the battery management system.
- the instructions can be charging instructions, discharging instructions, or other instructions.
- the battery management system can obtain the battery's voltage, current, temperature, and battery pack state of charge (SOC). ) And other parameters, and report to the vehicle controller.
- SOC battery pack state of charge
- part or all of the battery management module may be a part of the vehicle controller, that is, part or all of the functions of the battery management module may also be implemented by the vehicle controller.
- the on-board charger 28 is used to convert alternating current into direct current to charge the battery pack in the vehicle.
- the input of the fast charging interface 23 is direct current, which can directly charge the battery pack of the vehicle.
- Energy-consuming components are driven by the electric energy provided by the battery pack to dissipate energy.
- the motor can be controlled by the motor controller to drive the vehicle
- system 20 may also include peripheral devices, such as radars, sensors, laser rangefinders, etc.
- peripheral devices such as radars, sensors, laser rangefinders, etc.
- the above-mentioned peripheral devices may communicate with the vehicle controller through the CAN bus.
- the system 20 may also include other peripheral devices. Not limited.
- the vehicle may be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, or other electric vehicles, which is not limited.
- system 20 is only one implementation scenario in the embodiment of the present application.
- the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to other systems including the battery pack and battery management module as described above.
- the system can be applied to mobile phones, tablets, personal computers, wearable devices, power banks and other devices. limited.
- the system 40 may include a battery pack 41, an equalization circuit module 42, a voltage acquisition module 433, a battery management module 44 and a controller 45.
- the battery pack 41 and the equalizing circuit module 42 can refer to the related description of the battery pack 211 and the equalizing circuit module 212 in the system 20 shown in FIG. 2, which will not be repeated here.
- the voltage collection module 43 is coupled to the battery pack 41 and is used to collect the voltage of each battery in the battery pack 41.
- the battery management module 44 is used to implement the data collection unit 2131, the state estimation unit 2132, the battery equalization unit 2133, the safety monitoring unit 2134, the thermal management unit 2135, the charge and discharge management unit 2136, the information recording unit 2137, and the output control in Figure 2 above. Part or all of the functions in unit 2138, etc.
- the controller 45 is the control center of the system 40, and may include a processor, a memory, and other elements.
- the processor may be used as the control center of the system 40 to implement various functions of the system 40, for example, to implement any one of the following embodiments 1 to 4 All or part of the methods described in the examples.
- the battery management module 44 may include a memory and a processor, and the battery management module 44 may also implement all or part of the methods described in any one of the following embodiments 1 to 4. Alternatively, all or part of the methods described in any one of the following embodiments 1 to 4 may also be implemented by a chip separately provided on the system, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the system 40 may also include a peripheral system 46.
- the peripheral system 46 is mainly used to implement the interaction function between the controller 45 and the user/external environment, and may include an input/output device.
- the peripheral system 46 may include: a display screen 461, a camera 462, an audio input/output device 463, and a sensor 464. It should be noted that the peripheral system 45 may also include other I/O peripherals.
- the audio input/output device 463 may include audio input or output elements such as a loudspeaker and a microphone; the display screen 461 may include a display panel and a touch panel, etc.; the sensor 461 may include a temperature sensor, a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a camera, Infrared sensor, etc.
- the loudspeaker and the display screen can be used to output the prompt information in the embodiments of this application, and the gyroscope, accelerometer, camera, etc. can obtain the movement information of the device (such as the vehicle or terminal) where the system is located, and then identify the movement state of the device .
- the system may further include a communication module 47 to realize information interaction with other devices (such as mobile phones or other terminals, etc.).
- the communication module 47 may include a radio frequency module, a Bluetooth module, a WiFi module, a communication interface, etc., where the radio frequency module uses For receiving and sending radio frequency signals, communicating with communication networks and other communication equipment, it mainly integrates receivers and transmitters.
- the battery management module 44 and/or the vehicle controller 45 may also share a processor and/or memory, which is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the above-mentioned memory includes, but is not limited to, random access memory (English: Random Access Memory, abbreviated as: RAM), read-only memory (English: Read-Only Memory, abbreviated as: ROM), and erasable programmable read-only memory ( English: Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory, referred to as EPROM), or portable read-only memory (English: Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, referred to as CD-ROM), the memory 432 is used to store related program instructions and data.
- RAM Random Access Memory
- ROM Read-Only Memory
- EPROM Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory
- CD-ROM Compact Disc Read-Only Memory
- the above-mentioned processor may be a central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), and the processor 431 may also be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (Digital Signal Processors, DSPs), and application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuits). , ASIC), ready-made programmable gate array (Field-Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.
- the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
- the following describes the first method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present application with reference to the schematic flow chart of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack shown in FIG. 5A and the principle diagram of detecting a short circuit in a battery pack shown in FIG. 5B.
- This method can be executed by the battery management module 213 shown in FIG. 2 and the device for detecting short circuits in the battery pack, and specifically can be executed by the safety monitoring unit or processor in the battery management module 213.
- the embodiment of the present application takes the battery management module as an example To describe. It should be understood that this method can also be applied to other controllers, such as vehicle controllers, etc., which is not limited.
- the method can realize the identification of the short circuit in the battery in the battery pack, and the method can include some or all of the following steps:
- the battery pack includes a reference battery and a target battery.
- the first voltage may be a preset voltage value V set1
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the reference battery during the first charging process, and when the voltage of the reference battery is detected to be V set1 , obtain The voltage of the target battery is the second voltage V2 (t1).
- the battery management module may determine a voltage range in which the open circuit voltage (OCV)-battery state of charge (SOC) curve of the reference battery is approximately linear, and the first voltage V set1 It may be any voltage value in the voltage range of the detected reference battery voltage.
- OCV open circuit voltage
- SOC battery state of charge
- the battery can be approximated by the equivalent circuit model shown in FIG. 5C, and the terminal voltage V of the battery is equal to the OCV of the battery minus the voltage drop VRC on the battery impedance.
- the open circuit voltage OCV of the battery has a fixed relationship with the SOC of the battery, and remains basically unchanged during the battery aging cycle.
- the voltage drop VRC on the battery impedance is related to the battery impedance and the current current i.
- the OCV-SOC curve of the battery as shown in FIG. 5D when the SOC of the battery is at an intermediate level, for example, when the SOC of the battery is in the range of 40%-70%, the relationship between OCV and SOC is approximately linear.
- the battery management system can determine the voltage range based on the voltage of the battery measured during the historical charging process. Within the voltage range, the OCV and SOC of the battery are in an approximately linear relationship, and the first voltage V set1 is within the preset voltage range. Or, the battery management module may determine the first voltage V set1 according to the open circuit voltage (OCV)-battery charge level (state of charge, SOC) curve of the battery, where the first voltage V set1 is in the battery OCV -Within the approximate linear range of the SOC curve.
- OCV-SOC curve may be known or generated by the battery management module according to the battery voltage measured during the historical charging process.
- the voltage of the battery refers to the terminal voltage, that is, the voltage across the battery, which is equal to the open circuit voltage of the battery and the voltage drop on the internal resistance of the battery. difference.
- the reference battery can be regarded as a battery without internal short circuit. It should be understood that the voltage-time curve detected during the two charging processes of the battery without internal short circuit resistance is theoretically consistent.
- the target battery is a battery that may have an internal short circuit in the battery pack.
- the objective of the embodiment of the present application is to use the reference battery as a reference to sequentially detect whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the battery management module can also determine the reference battery, target battery, auxiliary battery, etc. according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process.
- the battery management module can also determine the reference battery as the maximum terminal voltage corresponding to the battery according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured at a specific time during the first charging process, and determine that the target battery is the reference battery in the battery pack Any other battery.
- the battery management module can use the battery corresponding to the maximum terminal voltage, that is, the reference battery, as a benchmark, and consider that the reference battery does not have an internal short circuit; through detection, the reference battery is in the same state (ie the same voltage) in different charging processes
- the voltage change of other batteries in the battery pack, that is, the target battery is used to qualitatively identify whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the auxiliary battery can be determined to be the battery corresponding to the second largest terminal voltage value or the auxiliary battery can be determined to be any battery in the battery group whose voltage value is greater than the first voltage threshold.
- the auxiliary battery and the reference battery can also be interchanged or be the same battery.
- the battery management module can determine that the reference battery is any battery in the battery group whose voltage value is greater than the first voltage threshold according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured at a specific time during the first charging process, and determine the target battery It is any battery in the battery whose voltage value is less than the first voltage threshold.
- the first voltage threshold may be an average value of the voltages of the batteries in the battery pack obtained by measurement.
- the battery management module can use the battery corresponding to the terminal voltage greater than the average terminal voltage of the battery pack, that is, the reference battery, as a reference, and consider that the reference battery does not have an internal short circuit; through detection, the reference battery is the same in different charging processes. Under the state (that is, the same voltage), the voltage changes of other batteries in the battery pack, that is, the target battery, is used to qualitatively identify whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the auxiliary battery may be determined to be any battery in the battery pack whose voltage value is greater than the first voltage threshold, or the auxiliary battery may be determined to be the battery with the largest voltage value, or the auxiliary battery may be determined The second highest voltage value corresponds to the battery and so on.
- the reference battery and the target battery are any two batteries in the battery pack, where the voltage of the reference battery may be greater than the voltage of the target battery.
- S54 Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the second charge of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1 , and the voltage of the target battery at the second time t2 The value is the third voltage V2(t2).
- At least one charging and/or discharging process can be performed between the first charging process and the second charging process, and any one or more batteries in the battery pack can also be uniformly discharged, which is not limited.
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the reference battery during the second charging process, and when the voltage of the reference battery is detected as V set1 , obtain the voltage of the target battery, that is, the third voltage V2 (t2).
- An implementation manner for determining whether the target battery has an internal short circuit may be: when the battery management system determines that the difference between the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2) is greater than a preset threshold, then the target battery has an internal short circuit; Otherwise, there is no internal short circuit in the target battery.
- determining whether the target battery has an internal short circuit may also include other implementation methods. For example, the battery management module determines whether the average value of the voltage change of the target battery during the first charging process and the second charging process is greater than a preset Threshold, if yes, it is determined that the target battery has an internal short circuit; otherwise, the target battery does not have an internal short circuit.
- the voltage change of the target battery is checked based on the voltage of the reference battery during the two charging processes, and based on the voltage change of the target battery, it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the voltage change of the reference battery is checked based on the voltage of the target battery during the two charging processes, and then, based on the voltage change of the reference battery, it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the following describes the first method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application with reference to the schematic flow chart of the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack shown in FIG. 6A and the principle diagram of detecting a short circuit in a battery pack shown in FIG. 6B.
- This method may be executed by the battery management module 213 shown in FIG. 2, and specifically may be executed by a safety monitoring unit or a processor in the battery management module 213.
- the embodiment of the present application takes the battery management module as an example to describe. It should be understood that this method can also be applied to other controllers, such as vehicle controllers, etc., which is not limited.
- the method can realize the identification of the short circuit in the battery in the battery pack, and the method can include some or all of the following steps:
- S62 Measure the terminal voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the third time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3), and the target battery is at the third time t3 The voltage value of is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the battery pack includes a reference battery and a target battery.
- the fourth voltage may be a preset voltage value V set2
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the target battery during the first charging process, and when the voltage of the target battery is detected as V set2 , obtain The voltage of the reference battery is the fifth voltage V1 (t3).
- the battery management module may determine a voltage range that makes the OCV-SOC curve of the target battery approximately linear, and V set2 may be any voltage value in the detected voltage range of the target battery.
- the principle of the method for determining the voltage range and OCV-SOC curve of the target battery is the same as the method for determining the voltage range and OCV-SOC curve of the reference battery in the above embodiment (1).
- S64 Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the second charging of the battery pack, where the voltage of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage of the reference battery at the fourth time t4 The value is the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the target battery during the second charging process, and when the voltage of the reference battery is detected as V set2 , obtain the voltage of the reference battery, that is, the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- S66 Determine whether the target battery has an internal short circuit according to the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- the target battery has an internal short circuit
- the internal short circuit phenomenon of the target battery will become more and more obvious with the increase of the number of charging and the increase of the battery usage time.
- the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery becomes smaller and the target battery passes through the internal short circuit. More and more energy is consumed, at this time, the terminal voltage of the target battery will continue to decrease.
- the target battery with an internal short circuit is used as a reference, the fifth voltage V1 (t3) detected in the previous charging process of the reference battery is different from the sixth voltage V1 (t4) detected in the post-charging process.
- An implementation manner for determining whether the target battery has an internal short circuit may be: when the battery management system determines that the difference between the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4) is greater than a preset threshold, then the target battery has an internal short circuit; Otherwise, there is no internal short circuit in the target battery.
- the first and second embodiments described above describe methods for qualitatively judging whether the batteries in the battery pack have internal short circuits.
- the battery management module judges the short-circuited battery in the battery pack, the battery management module can report the indication information for indicating the short-circuited battery in the battery pack to the vehicle controller.
- the vehicle controller receives the indication information, If the vehicle is in a driving state, a display device or a loudspeaker can output a prompt message to prompt the user of battery failure or battery internal short circuit, for example, display the prompt message on the vehicle dashboard; if the vehicle is in a charging state, the vehicle A bound terminal, such as a mobile phone, sends a prompt message for prompting the user that the battery is faulty or that the battery has an internal short circuit.
- the vehicle controller can also stop charging the battery.
- the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery can be further calculated.
- the target battery can be calculated as described in the following embodiment 3 and embodiment 4.
- the method of internal short circuit or other methods of calculating the internal short circuit of the battery in the prior art further calculate the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the battery management system may also issue a hierarchical alarm according to the magnitude of the voltage change of the battery or the magnitude of the internal short-circuit resistance during the two charging processes.
- the voltage change of the battery refers to the difference between the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2) in the first embodiment, and refers to the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4) in the second embodiment. The difference.
- the preset threshold is greater than V set1 or greater than V set2 . It should be understood that the battery management system may also adopt other hierarchical processing methods, which are not limited.
- the preset resistance value can be a fixed value, or it can be determined based on the smallest internal short-circuit resistance of all target batteries, or it can be determined based on the average value of the internal short-circuit resistances of all target batteries, or other methods OK, there is no limit to this.
- the following describes a method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack provided by an embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the schematic flow chart of the method for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack shown in FIG. 7A and the schematic diagram of the principle of calculating the short circuit resistance in the battery pack shown in FIG. 7B.
- the method may be executed by the battery management module 213 shown in FIG. 2, and specifically may be executed by the safety monitoring unit 2135 or the processor in the battery management module 213.
- the embodiment of the present application takes the battery management module as an example to describe. It should be understood that this method can also be applied to other controllers, such as vehicle controllers, etc., which is not limited.
- This method can realize the quantitative calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery, and the method can include some or all of the following steps:
- S72 Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the first charging of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , and the voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 Is the second voltage V2(t1), the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t2 is the fourth voltage Vset2 , the voltage value of the reference battery at the third time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3), and the battery pack includes the reference battery And the target battery, the voltage of the reference battery is greater than the voltage of the target battery, and the third time t3 is a time after the first time t1.
- the reference battery is also called an auxiliary battery, and the reference battery and the auxiliary battery are the same battery.
- the target battery may be a battery that is detected to have an internal short circuit by the methods in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, or it may be a battery that is determined by the method of qualitatively identifying the internal short circuit in the prior art.
- Short-circuited battery the battery management module determines the battery corresponding to the maximum voltage value or the battery corresponding to the voltage value greater than the first voltage threshold according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process.
- the battery management module can perform a hierarchical alarm according to the size of the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery. For specific implementation, refer to the implementation manner of the hierarchical alarm described in Table 2 above, which will not be repeated here.
- the battery management module can also determine the reference battery, the target battery, etc., based on the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process, and determine the reference battery and the target battery from the battery pack. For the method of the target battery, reference may be made to the related description in the first embodiment above, which is not repeated here.
- the battery management module may determine whether the target battery has an internal short circuit based on the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery; and/or, perform a hierarchical alarm based on the calculated internal short circuit resistance. For example, when the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery is less than the first resistance value, it is recognized that the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the first voltage may be a preset voltage value V set1
- the fourth voltage may be a preset voltage value V set2
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the reference battery in real time during the first charging process And the voltage of the target battery, and determine the voltage of the target battery when the voltage of the reference battery is V set1 , that is, the second voltage V2(t1), and determine the voltage of the reference battery when the voltage of the target battery is V set2 , that is the fifth voltage V1(t3).
- V set1 and/or V set2 are within the approximate linear range in the battery OCV-SOC curve.
- the fifth time t5 is a time after the third time t3
- the sixth time t6 is a time before the second time t2.
- the battery management module can control the switch S1 in the balancing circuit corresponding to the reference battery (such as battery B1) to close, and turn on the reference battery B1 and the resistor R1 in the balancing circuit.
- the path is formed.
- the resistor R1 consumes the energy of the reference battery B1 and monitors the voltage of each battery in the resistor group in real time.
- the difference between the voltage V1(t) of the reference battery B1 and the average voltage of the battery group Vavg(t) is not greater than the first In the case of the preset threshold V set3 (at the sixth time t6 at this time), the switch S1 of the equalizing circuit corresponding to the reference battery B1 is turned off, and the equalizing discharge of the reference battery B1 is completed.
- the sixth time t6 is the time when the formula
- the time t is a variable;
- V set3 is the threshold value preset by the battery management system, which is determined by the consistency of the battery pack, and can generally be 10mV-20mV.
- the sixth time t6 may also be a time when the difference between the voltage of the reference battery and the voltage of the target battery is not greater than the second preset threshold V set4 , or the sixth time t6 may be determined by other means, which is not limited.
- the fifth time t5 and the sixth time t6 may be any time after the third time t3 and before the second time t2, and the battery pack may be in a charging or discharging state at the fifth time t5 and the sixth time t6.
- S76 Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery during the second charge of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1 , and the target battery is in the second The voltage value at time t2 is the third voltage V2 (t2), the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t2 is the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- the battery management module can detect the voltage of the reference battery and the voltage of the target battery in real time during the second charging process, and determine the voltage of the target battery when the voltage of the reference battery is V set1 , that is, the third voltage V2 (t2), and the voltage of the reference battery when determining that the voltage of the target battery is V set2 , that is, the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- S78 Calculate the voltage of the target battery according to the voltage of the reference battery during the equalization discharge process, the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the fourth time t4, the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4) Internal short-circuit resistance.
- the calculation formula for the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be:
- ⁇ V1 V1(t3)-V1(t4)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t1)-V2(t2)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery
- R1 is the resistance of the load in the balancing circuit corresponding to the reference battery
- V1 (t) is the voltage of the reference battery as a function of the time variable t
- V2(t) is the voltage of the target battery as a function of the time variable t.
- the calculation formula for the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be:
- C1 is the capacity of the reference battery
- C2 is the capacity of the target battery.
- step S78 may include the following steps:
- S782 Calculate the voltage difference of the reference battery at the third time t1 and the fourth time t4 according to the fifth voltage V1 (t3) and the sixth voltage V1 (t4).
- S784 Calculate the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2 according to the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2).
- S786 Calculate the integrated value of the voltage of the reference battery from the fifth time t5 to the sixth time t6, the integrated value of the voltage of the target battery from the first time t1 to the second time t2, and the voltage of the target battery from the third time t3 to the third time t3. Integral value at time t4.
- the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery can be calculated by the above formulas (1) and (2).
- step S78 may also include other implementations.
- the battery management module may perform when the voltage difference between the reference battery voltage V1(t) and the target battery V2(t) is small, for example, during the entire charge and discharge period of the battery.
- the voltage of the reference battery and the voltage of the target battery are within the preset voltage range, according to the voltage difference of the reference battery at the third time t3 and the fourth time t4, and the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2 , The time difference between the first time t1 and the second time t2, the time difference between the third time t3 and the fourth time t4, and the time difference between the fifth time t5 and the sixth time t6 to calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the preset voltage range may be 3.1V to 4.2V, or 3.0V to 4.5V, or another voltage range whose change amplitude is not greater than the third voltage threshold.
- the calculation formula can be expressed as:
- this implementation method converts the above integral calculation into a time difference. At this time, although the calculation result sacrifices accuracy, it simplifies the calculation process and can be applied to the voltage difference between the reference battery voltage V1(t) and the target battery V2(t) Smaller scene.
- the battery management module may select each time so that each time meets the time difference between the first time t1 and the third time t3, and the time difference between the second time t2 and the fourth time t4 is not greater than the first time length; and The time difference between the fifth time t5 and the first time t1 or the time difference between the fifth time t5 and the third time t3 is not greater than the second time length, and the time difference between the sixth time t6 and the second time t2 or the sixth time The time difference between t6 and the fourth time t4 is not greater than the second time length.
- the battery management module is based on the voltage difference between the reference battery at the third time t1 and the fourth time t4, the voltage difference between the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, and the voltage difference between the first time t1 and the second time t2.
- the time difference, the time difference between the third time t3 and the fourth time t4, and the time difference between the fifth time t5 and the sixth time t6 calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the first duration or the second duration may be 30s, 60s, 180s, 300s or other durations, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the specific calculation formula can be as shown in the above formula (3), which will not be repeated here.
- this implementation method converts the above-mentioned integral calculation into a time difference. While simplifying the calculation process, the calculation result can also ensure a certain accuracy. It can be applied to the close and close relationship between the first time t1, the third time t3, and the fifth time t5. Close scenes between the second time t2, the fourth time t4, and the sixth time.
- the method for detecting the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack shown in the third embodiment above introduces a reference battery with balanced discharge, and the quantitative calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance can be realized by only using the battery voltage during the charging process, and the internal short-circuit resistance is The calculation process is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the calculation of the battery short circuit is decoupled from the estimated quantity of the battery through the relative change of the battery voltage, reducing the computational complexity and improving the battery’s internal Calculation efficiency and accuracy of short-circuit resistance.
- the battery management module may select multiple batteries in the battery pack as auxiliary batteries. For example, the battery management module may select the battery according to the measurement of each battery in the battery pack during the first charging process. Voltage, the battery corresponding to the voltage value greater than the first voltage threshold is selected as the reference battery, the multiple reference batteries are separately balanced and discharged, and the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is calculated to obtain multiple internal short-circuit resistances of the target battery, and then , Determining that the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is the average value of the multiple internal short-circuit resistances or the weighted average value of the multiple internal short-circuit resistances.
- the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery obtained by independent equalization and discharge calculation of the N reference batteries are RSC 1 , RSC 2 , ... RSC N
- the equalization time lengths of the N auxiliary batteries are T 1 , T 2.
- T N the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is:
- N is an integer greater than 1
- RSC is the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery
- i is the index of the reference battery
- i is a positive integer not greater than N.
- the method of each embodiment in the third embodiment only needs to monitor the voltage of the target battery and the reference battery at the characteristic time point in the charging process, and does not require the battery pack to be fully charged or not used for a long time.
- the process of quantitatively calculating the internal short-circuit resistance affects the battery The status requirements of the group are low, and the applicable scenarios are wide.
- the voltage of the battery measured by the battery management module is the terminal voltage of the battery.
- the voltage V1(t2) of the reference battery at the fifth time is equal to the voltage V1(t1) of the reference battery at the first time, and both are the first voltage Vset1 , that is, V1(t2) is equal to V1(t1) ,then:
- V2(t1)-V2(t2) [V1(t2)-V2(t2)]-[V1(t1)-V2(t1)] (5)
- the voltage of the battery that is, the terminal voltage of the battery is equal to the open circuit voltage of the battery OCV minus the voltage drop VRC of the current on the battery impedance. That is, for the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, respectively, the following relationship exists:
- V1(t2) OCV1(t2)-VRC1(t2) (6)
- V2(t2) OCV2(t2)-VRC2(t2) (7)
- V1(t1) OCV1(t1)-VRC1(t1) (8)
- V2(t1) OCV2(t1)-VRC2(t1) (9)
- VRC1(t1) VRC1(t2) (10)
- VRC2(t1) VRC2(t2) (11)
- V2(t1)-V2(t2) (OCV1(t2)-OCV2(t2)-OCV1(t1)+OCV2(t1)) (12)
- V2(t1)-V2(t2) ⁇ (SOC1(t2)-SOC1(t1))- ⁇ (SOC2(t2)-SOC2(t1)) (13)
- i is the series current that flows through all the batteries detected on the battery pack, which defines the direction from the positive electrode of the battery as positive.
- C1 is the capacity of the reference battery.
- equation (13) can be simplified to:
- the battery management system calculates the amount of charge flowing through the equalizing resistor R1 during the period t5 to t6, and its expression is:
- the amount of charge flowing through the internal short-circuit resistance RSC of the target battery during the time period from t1 to t2 is expressed as:
- the amount of charge flowing through the internal short-circuit resistance RSC of the target battery during the time period from t3 to t4 is expressed as:
- ⁇ V1 V1(t3)-V1(t4)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t1)-V1(t2)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery
- R1 is the resistance of the load in the balancing circuit corresponding to the reference battery
- V1 (t) is the voltage of the reference battery as a function of the time variable t
- V2(t) is the voltage of the target battery as a function of the time variable t.
- Condition 1 The voltage difference between the reference battery voltage V1(t) and the target battery V2(t) is small.
- the voltage of the reference battery and the voltage of the target battery are within the preset voltage range.
- the preset voltage range may be 3.1V to 4.2V, or 3.0V to 4.5V, or another voltage range whose change amplitude is not greater than the third voltage threshold.
- the preset voltage range is 3.1V to 4.2V and the battery voltage varies within 30% of its maximum voltage, it can be assumed that the reference battery and the target battery have the same voltage at the same time or at different times, which is approximately a fixed value .
- the above-mentioned integral calculation is converted into a time difference. In this case, although the accuracy of the calculation result is sacrificed, the calculation process is simplified.
- the time difference between the first time t1 and the third time t3, and the time difference between the second time t2 and the fourth time t4 are not greater than the first time length; and the time difference between the fifth time t5 and the first time t1
- the time difference or the time difference between the fifth time t5 and the third time t3 is not greater than the second duration
- the time difference between the sixth time t6 and the second time t2 or the time difference between the sixth time t6 and the fourth time t4 is not greater than The second length.
- the first duration or the second duration may be 30s, 60s, 180s, 300s or other durations, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the first time t1, the third time t3, and the fifth time t5 are very close, and the second time t2, the fourth time t4, and the sixth time t6 are very close.
- the voltage of the target battery and the voltage of the reference battery Approximately equal, the above integral calculation is converted into a time difference, while simplifying the calculation process, the calculation result can also ensure a certain accuracy.
- the following describes the method for detecting the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack provided by the embodiment of the present application in conjunction with the schematic flow chart of the method for detecting the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack shown in FIG. 8A and the principle schematic diagram for calculating the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack shown in FIG. 8B.
- the method may be executed by the battery management module 213 shown in FIG. 2, and specifically may be executed by a safety monitoring unit or a processor in the battery management module 213.
- the embodiment of the present application takes the battery management module as an example to describe. It should be understood that this method can also be applied to other controllers, such as vehicle controllers, etc., which is not limited.
- This method can realize the quantitative calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance of the battery, and the method can include some or all of the following steps:
- S82 Measure the voltage of the reference battery, the target battery, and the auxiliary battery during the first charging of the battery pack, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , and the target battery is at the first time t1
- the voltage value of is the second voltage V2(t1)
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1)
- the battery pack includes the auxiliary battery, the target battery and the reference battery.
- the second time t2 is a time after the first time t1, or the second time t2 is a time before the first time t1.
- the target battery may be a battery that is detected to have an internal short circuit by the methods in the above-mentioned embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, or it may be a battery that is determined by the method of qualitatively identifying the internal short circuit in the prior art. Short-circuited battery.
- the battery management module determines the auxiliary battery as the battery corresponding to the largest voltage value and determines the reference battery as the battery corresponding to the second largest voltage value according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process. Or the battery management module determines that the auxiliary battery is a battery corresponding to a voltage value greater than the first voltage threshold according to the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process.
- the battery management module can perform hierarchical alarms according to the size of the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery. For specific implementation, refer to the implementation manner of the hierarchical alarm described in Table 2 above, which will not be repeated here.
- the battery management module can also determine the reference battery, target battery, auxiliary battery, etc., based on the voltage of each battery in the battery pack measured during the first charging process, and determine from the battery pack
- the methods of the auxiliary battery and the target battery can be referred to the related description in the first embodiment above, and will not be repeated here.
- the battery management module may determine whether the target battery has an internal short circuit based on the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery; and/or, perform a hierarchical alarm based on the calculated internal short circuit resistance. For example, when the internal short circuit resistance of the target battery is less than the first resistance value, it is recognized that the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the first voltage may be a preset voltage value V set1
- the battery management module may detect the voltage of the reference battery, auxiliary battery, and target battery in real time during the first charging process, and determine the voltage of the reference battery The voltage of the target battery when Vset1 is the second voltage V2(t1), and the voltage of the auxiliary battery when the voltage of the reference battery is determined to be Vset1 , which is the seventh voltage V3(t2).
- V set1 is within the approximate linear range in the battery OCV-SOC curve.
- V set1 is within the approximate linear range in the battery OCV-SOC curve.
- S84 From the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, the auxiliary battery is equalized and discharged through the equalizing circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery, and the voltage of the auxiliary battery from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8 is measured.
- the seventh time t7 is the first A time after t1.
- the seventh time t7 is a time after the first time t1
- the eighth time t8 is a time before the second time t2.
- the switch S1 of the equalization circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery B3 is turned off, and the specific realization of equalization discharge can be referred to the related description in the third embodiment above, which will not be repeated here.
- the eighth time t8 is the time when the formula
- the time t is a variable;
- Vset5 is the threshold value preset by the battery management system, which is determined by the consistency of the battery pack, and can generally be 10mV-20mV.
- the eighth time t8 may also be the time when the difference between the voltage of the auxiliary battery and the voltage of the target battery is not greater than the fourth preset threshold Vset6, or the eighth time t8 may be determined by other means, which is not limited.
- the power loss of the auxiliary battery can be expressed as
- the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8 can be any time period after the first time t1 and before the second time t2, and the battery pack can be in a charging or discharging state from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8 .
- the battery management module can detect the voltages of the reference battery, the auxiliary battery, and the target battery in real time during the second charging process, and determine the voltage of the target battery when the voltage of the reference battery is V set1 , that is, the fifth voltage V2(t4); and determine the voltage of the auxiliary battery when the voltage of the reference battery is Vset1 , that is, the eighth voltage V3(t2).
- S88 Calculate the voltage of the target battery according to the voltage of the auxiliary battery in the equalizing discharge process, the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the second time t2, the seventh voltage V3 (t1) and the eighth voltage V3 (t2) Internal short-circuit resistance.
- the calculation formula for the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be:
- ⁇ V3 V3(t2)-V3(t1)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t2)-V1(t1)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance
- R3 is the resistance of the load in the equalization circuit of the auxiliary battery
- RSC Is the internal short-circuit resistance
- R3 is the resistance of the load in the balance circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery
- V3(t) is the function of the auxiliary battery voltage with respect to the time variable t
- V2(t) is the function of the target battery voltage with the time variable t .
- the calculation formula for the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery may be:
- C3 is the capacity of the auxiliary battery
- C2 is the capacity of the target battery.
- step S88 may include the following steps:
- the battery management module calculates the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2 according to the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2).
- S884 Calculate the voltage difference of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2 according to the seventh voltage V3 (t1) and the eighth voltage V3 (t2).
- S886 Calculate the integrated value of the voltage of the auxiliary battery from the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8, and the integrated value of the voltage of the target battery from the first time t1 to the second time t2.
- S888 According to the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, the voltage difference of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, and the voltage of the auxiliary battery at the seventh time t7 to the eighth time t8 The integrated value and the integrated value of the voltage of the target battery from the first time t1 to the second time t2 calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery can be calculated by the above formulas (22) and (23).
- step S88 may also include other implementations.
- the battery management module may perform when the voltage V3(t) of the auxiliary battery and the target battery V2(t) have a small difference, for example, during the entire charging and discharging period of the battery.
- the voltage of the auxiliary battery and the voltage of the target battery are within the preset voltage range, according to the voltage difference of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, and the voltage difference of the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2 ,
- the time difference between the first time t1 and the second time t2, and the time difference between the seventh time t7 and the eighth time t8, calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the preset voltage range may be 3.1V to 4.2V, or 3.0V to 4.5V, or another voltage range whose change amplitude is not greater than the third voltage threshold.
- the calculation formula can be expressed as:
- this implementation method converts the above integral calculation into a time difference. At this time, although the calculation result sacrifices accuracy, it simplifies the calculation process and can be applied to the voltage difference between the auxiliary battery voltage V3(t) and the target battery V2(t) Smaller scene.
- the battery management module may select each time such that each time meets the time difference between the first time t1 and the seventh time t7, and the time difference between the second time t2 and the eighth time t8 is not greater than the first time length.
- the battery management module can be based on the voltage difference between the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, the voltage difference between the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, and the voltage difference between the first time t1 and the second time t2.
- the time difference between the seventh time t7 and the eighth time t8 is calculated to calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the first duration or the second duration may be 30s, 60s, 180s, 300s or other durations, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the specific calculation formula can be as shown in the above formula (26), which will not be repeated here.
- this implementation method converts the above-mentioned integral calculation into a time difference. While simplifying the calculation process, the calculation result can also ensure a certain accuracy, which can be applied to the first time t1 and the seventh time t7 close to the second time t2, Close scenes between the eighth time t8.
- the method of detecting the short-circuit resistance in the battery pack shown in the fourth embodiment above introduces an auxiliary battery with equalizing discharge, and the quantitative calculation of the internal short-circuit resistance can be realized by only using the battery voltage during the charging process, and the internal short-circuit resistance is
- the calculation process is not based on calculations such as SOC, internal resistance, battery capacity and other estimated quantities.
- the calculation of the battery short circuit is decoupled from the estimated quantity of the battery through the relative change of the battery voltage, reducing the computational complexity and improving the battery’s internal Calculation efficiency and accuracy of short-circuit resistance.
- the battery management module may select multiple batteries in the battery pack as auxiliary batteries.
- the battery management module may select the battery according to the measurement of each battery in the battery pack during the first charging process. Voltage, the battery corresponding to the voltage value greater than the first voltage threshold is selected as the auxiliary battery, and one battery other than the auxiliary battery among the batteries corresponding to the voltage value greater than the first voltage threshold is selected as the reference battery, respectively, for multiple auxiliary batteries Perform independent equalization and discharge, and calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery to obtain multiple internal short-circuit resistances of the target battery, and then determine the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery as the average value of the multiple internal short-circuit resistances or the multiple internal short-circuit resistances The weighted average of the resistance.
- the specific calculation method of the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery please refer to the specific calculation method of the actual internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery in the third embodiment above, which will not be repeated here.
- each embodiment in the fourth embodiment only need to monitor the voltages of the auxiliary battery, the target battery, and the reference battery at the characteristic moments in the charging process.
- the battery pack is not required to be fully charged or not used for a long time, and the internal short-circuit resistance is calculated quantitatively.
- the process has low requirements on the state of the battery pack and can be applied in a wide range of scenarios.
- the change of the voltage difference between the reference battery and the auxiliary battery is analyzed.
- the voltage V3(t2) of the auxiliary battery at the second time t2 is equal to the voltage V3(t1) of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1.
- the first voltage V set1 that is, V1(t2) is equal to V1(t1), and the voltage change of the auxiliary battery can be expressed as:
- V3(t2)-V3(t1) [V3(t2)-V2(t2)]-[V3(t1)-V2(t1)] (27)
- the terminal voltage of the battery is equal to the open circuit voltage of the battery OCV minus the voltage drop VRC of the current on the battery impedance. That is, for the terminal voltages of the auxiliary battery and the target battery at the first time t1 and the second time t2, respectively, the following relationship exists:
- V1(t1) OCV1(t1)-VRC1(t1) (28)
- V2(t1) OCV2(t1)-VRC2(t1) (29)
- V3(t1) OCV3(t1)-VRC3(t1) (30)
- V1(t2) OCV1(t2)-VRC1(t2) (31)
- V2(t2) OCV2(t2)-VRC2(t2) (32)
- V3(t2) OCV3(t2)-VRC3(t2) (33)
- VRC1(t1) VRC1(t2) (34)
- VRC2(t1) VRC2(t2) (35)
- VRC3(t1) VRC3(t2) (36)
- V3(t2)-V3(t1) [OCV3(t2)-OCV1(t2)-OCV3(t1)+OCV1(t1)] (37)
- V3(t2)-V3(t1) ⁇ [SOC3(t2)-SOC3(t1)]- ⁇ [SOC1(t2)-SOC1(t1)] (38)
- ⁇ V3 V3(t2)-V3(t1)
- ⁇ V2 V2(t2)-V1(t1)
- RSC is the internal short-circuit resistance
- C3 is the capacity of the auxiliary battery
- C2 is the capacity of the target battery
- R3 is the auxiliary battery
- V3(t) is the function of the auxiliary battery voltage with respect to the time variable t
- V2(t) is the function of the target battery voltage with the time variable t.
- equation (38) is further simplified as:
- formula (42) can be further simplified as:
- the voltage of the reference battery and the voltage of the target battery are within the preset voltage range.
- the preset voltage range may be 3.1V to 4.2V, or 3.0V to 4.5V, or another voltage range whose change amplitude is not greater than the third voltage threshold.
- the preset voltage range is 3.1V to 4.2V and the battery voltage varies within 30% of its maximum voltage, it can be assumed that the reference battery and the target battery have the same voltage at the same time or at different times, which is approximately a fixed value .
- the above-mentioned integral calculation is converted into a time difference. In this case, although the accuracy of the calculation result is sacrificed, the calculation process is simplified.
- the time difference between the first time t1 and the seventh time t7, and the time difference between the second time t2 and the eighth time t8 are not greater than the first time length.
- the first duration or the second duration may be 30s, 60s, 180s, 300s or other durations, which are not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
- the first time t1 is very close to the seventh time t7
- the second time t2 is very close to the eighth time t8.
- the voltage of the target battery and the voltage of the auxiliary battery are approximately equal, and the above integral calculation is converted into a time difference , While simplifying the calculation process, the calculation result can also guarantee a certain accuracy.
- the third and fourth embodiments described above describe that the method of detecting the short circuit in the battery pack can realize the quantitative calculation of the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- the battery management module can determine the internal short-circuit degree of the target battery according to the calculated internal short-circuit resistance, and classify alarms based on the internal short-circuit degree. For example, the specific realization of the hierarchical alarm described in Table 3 in the first embodiment above, that is: when the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery is greater than the preset resistance, the battery management module can report to the vehicle controller the information indicating the internal short-circuit in the battery pack. The indication information of the battery.
- the vehicle controller After the vehicle controller receives the indication information, if the vehicle is in a driving state, it can output the prompt information to remind the user of battery failure or internal short circuit through the display device or loudspeaker, for example, through the vehicle
- the instrument screen displays the prompt information; if the vehicle is in a charging state, it sends prompt information to the vehicle bound terminal, such as a mobile phone, to prompt the user of battery failure or battery internal short circuit. At this time, the vehicle controller can also stop charging.
- the device 90 may specifically be an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or a device in an electric vehicle or electronic device, such as the battery management module 213 or vehicle control in FIG. 1
- the device 24 is another example of the controller 45 or the battery management module 44 shown in FIG. 4; it may also be a chip independently installed in an electric vehicle or an electronic device.
- the short-circuit detection device in the battery pack may include a processor 901 and a memory 902 The processor 901 is connected to the memory 902 through the bus 903.
- the memory 902 may be a read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
- the memory 902 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 902 is executed by the processor 901, the processor 901 is configured to execute each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 1 of the present application.
- the processor 901 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), or one or more
- the integrated circuit is used to execute related programs to execute the method for detecting short circuits in the battery pack described in the first method embodiment of the present application.
- the processor 901 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 1 of the present application can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 901 or instructions in the form of software.
- the aforementioned processor 901 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices , Discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
- the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
- the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
- the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
- the storage medium is located in the memory 902, and the processor 901 reads the information in the memory 902, and executes the method for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack described in the method embodiment 1 of the present application in combination with its hardware.
- the device 900 may further include a communication interface 904.
- the communication interface 904 uses a transceiver device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the device 900 and other devices or a communication network.
- the prompt information may be sent to a terminal (for example, a mobile phone) through the communication interface 904.
- the device 900 may further include a voltage collecting module 905, which is coupled to the battery pack and configured to collect the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack. It should be understood that the voltage collection module 905 may be a part of the device 900 or may be separated from the device 900.
- the bus 903 may include a path for transmitting information between various components of the device 900 (for example, the memory 902, the processor 901, the communication interface 904, the voltage acquisition module 905, etc.).
- the processor 901 is configured to execute:
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery is obtained through the voltage acquisition module 905, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , and the target battery
- the voltage value at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1)
- the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; and, the measurement is performed during the second charge of the battery pack
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first voltage V set1 , and the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is The third voltage V2(t2);
- the target battery According to the second voltage V2 (t1) and the third voltage V2 (t2), it is determined whether the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the processor 901 can also calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery that sends the internal short-circuit in the battery pack, or calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of any one or more batteries in the battery pack.
- the specific implementation of calculating the internal short-circuit resistance refer to the above implementation.
- Example 3 or Example 4 the details are not repeated in the examples of this application.
- the detection device for short circuit in the battery pack the device 100 may be an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or a device in an electric vehicle or an electronic device, such as the battery management module 213 or vehicle control in FIG.
- the device 24 is another example of the controller 45 or the battery management module 44 shown in FIG. 4; it may also be a chip independently installed in an electric vehicle or an electronic device.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may include a processor 1001 and a memory 1002. , The processor 1001 is connected to the memory 1002 through the bus 1003.
- the memory 1002 may be a read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
- the memory 1002 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 1002 is executed by the processor 1001, the processor 1001 is configured to execute each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 2 of the present application.
- the processor 1001 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), or one or more
- the integrated circuit is used to execute related programs to execute the method for detecting short circuits in the battery pack described in the second method of the present application.
- the processor 1001 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Embodiment 3 or Embodiment 4 of the present application can be implemented through the integrated logic circuit of the hardware in the processor 1001 or The instructions in the form of software are completed.
- the above-mentioned processor 1001 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices , Discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
- the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
- the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
- the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
- the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
- the storage medium is located in the memory 1002, and the processor 1001 reads the information in the memory 1002 and executes the method for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack described in the second embodiment of the method of the present application in combination with its hardware.
- the apparatus 1000 may further include a communication interface 1004.
- the communication interface 1004 uses a transceiving device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the apparatus 1000 and other devices or communication networks.
- the prompt information can be sent to a terminal (for example, a mobile phone) through the communication interface 1004.
- the device 1000 may further include a voltage collecting module 1005, which is coupled to the battery pack and configured to collect the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack. It should be understood that the voltage collection module 1005 may be a part of the device 1000 or may be separated from the device 1000.
- the bus 1003 may include a path for transferring information between various components of the device 1000 (for example, the memory 1002, the processor 1001, the communication interface 1004, the voltage acquisition module 1005, etc.).
- the processor 1001 is used to execute:
- the terminal voltages of the reference battery and the target battery are acquired through the voltage acquisition module 1005, where the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the reference The voltage value of the battery at the third time t3 is the fifth voltage V1(t3), the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery; and, during the second charge of the battery pack Measure the voltages of the reference battery and the target battery, wherein the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , and the voltage value of the reference battery at the fourth time t4 Is the sixth voltage V1(t4);
- the target battery has an internal short circuit.
- the processor 1001 can also calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery that sends the internal short-circuit in the battery pack, or calculate the internal short-circuit resistance of any one or more batteries in the battery pack.
- the specific implementation of calculating the internal short-circuit resistance can be found in the above implementation. For related descriptions in Example 3 or Example 4, the details are not repeated in the examples of this application.
- the detection device for short circuit in the battery pack the device 110 may be an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or a device in an electric vehicle or an electronic device, such as the battery management module 213 or the vehicle control device in FIG.
- the device 24 is another example of the controller 45 or the battery management module 44 shown in FIG. 4; it may also be a chip independently installed in an electric vehicle or an electronic device.
- the device for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack may include a processor 1101, a memory 1102.
- the processor 1101 is connected to the memory 1102 through the bus 1103.
- the memory 1102 may be a read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
- the memory 1102 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 1102 is executed by the processor 1101, the processor 1101 is configured to execute each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 3 of the present application.
- the processor 1101 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), microprocessor, application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), or one or more
- the integrated circuit is used to execute related programs to execute the method for detecting short circuits in the battery pack described in the second method of the present application.
- the processor 1101 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the second embodiment of the present application can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1101 or instructions in the form of software.
- the aforementioned processor 1101 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices , Discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
- the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
- the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
- the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
- the storage medium is located in the memory 1102, and the processor 1101 reads the information in the memory 1102 and executes the method for detecting a short circuit in the battery pack described in the third embodiment of the method of the present application in combination with its hardware.
- the apparatus 1100 may further include a communication interface 1104.
- the communication interface 1104 uses a transceiving device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the apparatus 1100 and other devices or a communication network.
- the prompt information may be sent to a terminal (for example, a mobile phone) through the communication interface 1104.
- the device 1100 may further include a voltage collecting module 1105, which is coupled to the battery pack and configured to collect the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack. It should be understood that the voltage collection module 1105 may be a part of the device 1100 or may be separated from the device 1100.
- the bus 1103 may include a path for transmitting information between various components of the device 1100 (for example, the memory 1102, the processor 1101, the communication interface 1104, the voltage acquisition module 1105, etc.).
- the processor 1101 is used to execute:
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery is acquired through the voltage acquisition module 1105, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , and the target battery
- the voltage value at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1)
- the voltage value of the target battery at the third time t3 is the fourth voltage V set2
- the reference battery at the third time t3 The voltage value is a fifth voltage V1(t3)
- the battery pack includes the reference battery and the target battery;
- the reference battery is balanced and discharged by the equalization circuit corresponding to the reference battery, and the voltage acquisition module 1105 obtains the reference battery from the fifth time t5 to the The voltage at the sixth time t6, the fifth time t5 is a time after the third time t3;
- the voltage of the reference battery and the target battery are acquired by the voltage acquisition module 1105, wherein the voltage value of the reference battery at the second time t2 is the first A voltage V set1 , the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2), the voltage value of the target battery at the fourth time t4 is the fourth voltage V set2 , the reference The voltage value of the battery at the fourth time t2 is the sixth voltage V1 (t4);
- the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the fourth time t4 calculates the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the short circuit detection device in the battery pack, the device 120 may be an electric vehicle or an electronic device, or a device in an electric vehicle or an electronic device, such as the battery management module 213 or vehicle control in FIG.
- the device 24 is another example of the controller 45 or the battery management module 44 shown in FIG. 4; it may also be a chip independently installed in an electric vehicle or an electronic device.
- the device for detecting short circuits in the battery pack may include a processor 1201 and a memory 1202.
- the processor 1201 is connected to the memory 1202 through the bus 1203.
- the memory 1202 may be a read only memory (Read Only Memory, ROM), a static storage device, a dynamic storage device, or a random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM).
- the memory 1202 may store a program. When the program stored in the memory 1202 is executed by the processor 1201, the processor 1201 is configured to execute each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in Embodiment 4 of the present application.
- the processor 1201 may adopt a general-purpose central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), a microprocessor, an application specific integrated circuit (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), a graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), or one or more
- the integrated circuit is used to execute related programs to execute the method for detecting short circuits in the battery pack described in the fourth method embodiment of the present application.
- the processor 1201 may also be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step in the method for detecting a short circuit in a battery pack described in the fourth embodiment of the present application can be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor 1201 or instructions in the form of software.
- the aforementioned processor 1201 may also be a general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processing, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a ready-made programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) or other programmable logic devices , Discrete gates or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
- DSP Digital Signal Processing
- ASIC application specific integrated circuit
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
- the general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor may also be any conventional processor or the like.
- the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly embodied as being executed and completed by a hardware decoding processor, or executed and completed by a combination of hardware and software modules in the decoding processor.
- the software module can be located in a mature storage medium in the field such as random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, or electrically erasable programmable memory, registers.
- the storage medium is located in the memory 1202, and the processor 1201 reads the information in the memory 1202, and executes the method for detecting short circuits in the battery pack described in the fourth embodiment of the method of the present application in combination with its hardware.
- the apparatus 1200 may further include a communication interface 1204, and the communication interface 1204 uses a transceiving device such as but not limited to a transceiver to implement communication between the apparatus 1200 and other devices or communication networks.
- the prompt information may be sent to a terminal (for example, a mobile phone) through the communication interface 1204.
- the device 1200 may further include a voltage collecting module 1205, which is coupled to the battery pack and configured to collect the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack.
- a voltage collecting module 1205 which is coupled to the battery pack and configured to collect the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack.
- the bus 1203 may include a path for transmitting information between various components of the device 1200 (for example, the memory 1202, the processor 1201, the communication interface 1204, the voltage acquisition module 1205, etc.).
- the processor 1201 is configured to execute:
- the voltage acquisition module 1205 obtains the voltages of the reference battery, the target battery, and the auxiliary battery, where the voltage value of the reference battery at the first time t1 is the first voltage V set1 , so The voltage value of the target battery at the first time t1 is the second voltage V2(t1), the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the first time t1 is the seventh voltage V3(t1), and the battery pack includes the Auxiliary battery, said target battery and said reference battery;
- the auxiliary battery is balanced and discharged by the equalization circuit corresponding to the auxiliary battery, and the voltage acquisition module 1205 obtains the auxiliary battery from the seventh time t7 to the The voltage at the eighth time t8, the seventh time t7 is a time after the first time t1;
- the voltage of the reference battery, the target battery, and the auxiliary battery are acquired through the voltage acquisition module 1205, wherein the voltage of the reference battery at the second time t2
- the value is the first voltage V set1
- the voltage value of the target battery at the second time t2 is the third voltage V2(t2)
- the voltage value of the auxiliary battery at the second time t2 is eighth Voltage V3(t2);
- the voltage of the target battery measured from the first time t1 to the second time t2 the seventh voltage V3(t1) and the first Eight voltage V3(t2) calculates the internal short-circuit resistance of the target battery.
- the devices 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 shown in FIGS. 9 to 12 only show a memory, a processor, and a communication interface, in a specific implementation process, those skilled in the art should understand that the devices 900, 1000, 1100 and 1200 also include other devices necessary for normal operation. At the same time, according to specific needs, those skilled in the art should understand that the devices 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 may also include hardware devices that implement other additional functions. In addition, those skilled in the art should understand that the devices 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 may also only include the devices necessary to implement the embodiments of the present application, instead of the devices shown in FIG. 9, FIG. 10, FIG. 11, or FIG. All devices shown in.
- the devices 900, 1000, 1100, and 1200 may also include a user interface.
- the user interface is used to provide information to or receive information from a user of the device 900, 1000, 1100, or 1200.
- the user interface may include one or more input/output devices in a collection of peripheral devices, such as a wireless communication system, a car computer microphone, and a speaker.
- a prompt message can be sent to a terminal, such as a mobile phone, through a communication interface, It is also possible to output prompt information through peripheral devices to prompt the user, for example, the display screen displays prompt information.
- the short-circuit detection device in the battery pack and the battery pack, the equalization circuit module, and the voltage acquisition module are installed in the same equipment, such as an electric vehicle.
- the short-circuit detection device in the battery pack can pass the voltage
- the acquisition module collects the voltage of each battery in the battery pack, and then identifies whether the battery has an internal short circuit, and calculates the internal short circuit resistance of the battery.
- the device for detecting short circuits in the battery pack may be a server or cloud, etc.
- the electric vehicle or terminal may include a battery pack, an equalization circuit module, a voltage acquisition module, and a communication interface, and the electric vehicle or terminal may
- the voltage acquisition module collects the voltage of each battery in the battery pack and sends the voltage to the short-circuit detection device in the battery pack.
- the short-circuit detection device in the battery pack identifies whether the battery has an internal short circuit based on the collected voltage, and calculates the internal short circuit of the battery. Short circuit resistance.
- the computer-readable medium may include a computer-readable storage medium, which corresponds to a tangible medium, such as a data storage medium, or a communication medium that includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of a computer program from one place to another (for example, according to a communication protocol) .
- computer-readable media may generally correspond to (1) non-transitory tangible computer-readable storage media, or (2) communication media, such as signals or carrier waves.
- Data storage media can be any available media that can be accessed by one or more computers or one or more processors to retrieve instructions, codes, and/or data structures for implementing the techniques described in this application.
- the computer program product may include a computer-readable medium.
- such computer-readable storage media may include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage devices, magnetic disk storage devices or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory, or structures that can be used to store instructions or data Any other media that can be accessed by the computer in the form of desired program code. And, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
- any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
- coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave to transmit instructions from a website, server, or other remote source
- coaxial cable Wire, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL or wireless technologies such as infrared, radio, and microwave are included in the definition of media.
- the computer-readable storage media and data storage media do not include connections, carrier waves, signals, or other temporary media, but are actually directed to non-transitory tangible storage media.
- magnetic disks and optical discs include compact discs (CD), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile discs (DVD), and Blu-ray discs. Disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs use lasers to reproduce data optically. data. Combinations of the above should also be included in the scope of computer-readable media.
- DSP digital signal processors
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
- FPGA field programmable logic arrays
- processor may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.
- DSP digital signal processors
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuits
- FPGA field programmable logic arrays
- the term "processor” as used herein may refer to any of the foregoing structure or any other structure suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.
- the functions described by the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and steps described herein may be provided in dedicated hardware and/or software modules configured for encoding and decoding, or combined Into the combined codec.
- the technology may be fully implemented in one or more circuits or logic elements.
- the technology of this application can be implemented in a variety of devices or devices, including wireless handsets, integrated circuits (ICs), or a set of ICs (for example, chipsets).
- ICs integrated circuits
- a set of ICs for example, chipsets.
- Various components, modules, or units are described in this application to emphasize the functional aspects of the device for performing the disclosed technology, but they do not necessarily need to be implemented by different hardware units.
- various units can be combined with appropriate software and/or firmware in the codec hardware unit, or by interoperating hardware units (including one or more processors as described above). provide.
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Abstract
一种检测电池组内短路的方法及相关装置、车辆,可应用于电动汽车,方法以参考电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看目标电池的电压变化,并基于目标电池的电压变化确定目标电池是否存在内短路;或者,以目标电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看参考电池的电压变化,基于参考电池的电压变化确定目标电池是否存在内短路。在定性识别电池内短路的过程中,仅基于可以准确测量到的电压值,不涉及估算量的计算,提高内短路识别的精度和准确度。
Description
本申请涉及二次电池技术领域,尤其涉及一种检测电池组(特别是电动车电池组)内短路的方及相关装置、电动车。
储能、电动汽车等领域对充电电池(也称为二次电池)的能量密度的要求不断提高,然而,在电池的能量密度取得进步的同时,充电电池的安全问题也越来越严峻。充电电池的安全问题主要包括过充电、过放电、内短路、过温等,其中,过温容易引发充电电池的热失控,进而造成起火、***等严重事故。研究发现,导致充电电池由过温演变为热失控的主要原因是由环境过温、机械滥用、自发析锂等造成的充电电池的内部短路。其中,环境过温、机械滥用与外部因素有关;而充电电池自发内部短路具有偶然性,由充电电池在制造过程中混入的金属异物、材料缺陷或循环使用产生的锂枝晶持续生长等原因造成。例如,图1电池组内锂离子电池由于制造过程中金属异物刺穿隔膜形成内短路的示意图,其内短路电阻与金属异物大小以及短路点的数量有关,而且,短路点的持续发热使得隔膜的金属异物逐渐增大,短路电阻逐渐降低,内短路引起的锂离子电池的发热量也逐渐增大,当锂离子电池的发热量超出电池***所能承受的上限时,引发热失控。目前,可以通过电池的内短路电阻来评估内短路的程度,内短路电阻越小,电池内短路的程度越大,越容易发生热失控。因此,对充电电池内部短路的识别、充电电池内短路电阻的计算是电池安全管理的重要问题。
然而,现有技术中,在识别电池内短路或计算电池内短路电阻时,通常基于估算参数,导致电池组内短路的计算或识别精度低,容易误判。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种检测电池组内短路的方法及相关装置、电动车,可以克服现有技术中由于基于估算导致电池内短路的计算或识别精度低,容易误判。
第一方面,本申请实施例提供了一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法包括:电池管理模块在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),电池组包括参考电池和目标电池;在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2);进而,根据第二电压值V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断目标电池是否存在内短路。
可选地,若第二电压V2(t1)与第三电压V2(t2)之差大于第一阈值,则该目标电池存在内短路;否则,目标电池不存在内短路。
应理解,电池(目标电池、参考电池等)的电压指端电压,即电池两端的电压,其等于电池的开路电压与电池的内电阻上的压降之差。
还应理解,本申请各个实施例仅仅以执行主体为电池管理模块为例来说明,上述检测电池组内短路的方法还可以由车辆控制器、电池组内短路的检测装置、包括电池组的装置、终端或车辆等执行。
还应理解,本申请实施例仅仅以执行主体为电池管理模块为例来说明,上述检测电池组内短路的方法还可以由车辆控制器、包括电池组的装置、终端或车辆等执行。
上述方法,电池管理模块以参考电池为基准,将目标电池在不同的两个时刻得到的电压进行比较,定性判断电池是否发生内短路,而且识别电池内短路的过程中,仅基于可以准确测量到的电压值,不涉及估算量的计算,可提高内短路识别的精度和准确度。
结合第一方面,在本申请实施例的第一种可能的实现方式中,在第一次充电过程中,目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3);在第二次充电过程中,目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);电池管理模块还可以在第三时刻t3之后,第二时刻t2之前,在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6对参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压;进而,在对电池组进行第二次充电之后,电池管理模块可以根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第四时刻t4测量到的目标电池的电压、第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
应理解,参考电池对应的均衡电路用于对参考电池进行能量耗散,通常包括与参考电池并联的电阻R1,以及与电阻R1串联的开关,在电池管理模块控制开关闭合时,参考电池的能量通过电阻R1进行耗散。
通过执行上述方法,可以实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
结合第一方面,在本申请实施例的第二种可能的实现方式中,电池管理模块还可以:在所述对电池组第一次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),辅助电池的电压高于目标电池的电压;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8对辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,第七时刻为第三时刻之后的时刻;以及,在对电池组第二次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,辅助电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);根据辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2测量到的目标电池的电压、第七电压V3(t1)和第八电压V3(t2)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
通过执行上述方法,可以实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不是基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
第二方面,本申请实施例还提供的另一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法包括:电 池管理模块在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的端电压,其中,目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),电池组包括参考电池和目标电池;在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);进而,根据第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4),判断目标电池是否存在内短路。
可选地,若第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4)之差大于第二阈值,则该目标电池存在内短路;否则,目标电池不存在内短路。
执行上述方法,电池管理模块以目标电池为基准,将参考电池在不同的两个时刻得到的电压进行比较,定性判断目标电池是否发生内短路,而且识别电池内短路的过程中,不涉及估算量的计算,仅基于可以准确测量到的电压值,可提高内短路识别的精度和准确度。
结合第二方面,在本申请实施例的第一种实现中,在所述第一次充电过程中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),第四电压V
set2大于所述第二电压V2(t1);在第二次充电过程中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),第一电压V
set1;电池管理模块还可以在第三时刻t3之后,第二时刻t2之前,在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6对参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压;进而,在对电池组第二次充电之后,根据参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第四时刻t4测量到的目标电池的电压、第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
通过执行上述方法,可以实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
结合第二方面,在本申请实施例的第二种实现中,在对电池组第一次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set2,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),辅助电池的电压高于目标电池的电压;进而,在第一时刻t1之后,电池管理模块可以在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,对辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压;进而,在对电池组第二次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),辅助电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2),第二时刻t2为第八时刻t8之后的时刻;进而,根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
第三方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种检测电池内短路的方法,该方法包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),目标电池在 第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),电池组包括参考电池和所述目标电池;在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过参考电池对应的均衡电路对参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量参考电池在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的电压,第五时刻t5为第三时刻t3之后的时刻;在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);进而,根据参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第四时刻t4测量到的目标电池的电压、第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
通过执行上述方法,可以实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
可选地,计算目标电池的内短路电阻的一种具体实现可以是:电池管理模块根据第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4),计算参考电池在第三时刻t1和第四时刻t4的电压差异;根据第二电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2),计算目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异;以及,计算参考电池的电压在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值、目标电池的电压在第三时刻t3至第四时刻t4的积分值;进而,根据参考电池在第三时刻t1和第四时刻t4的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、参考电池的电压在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值以及目标电池的电压在第三时刻t3至第四时刻t4的积分值,计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
第四方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法可以包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),,电池组包括辅助电池、目标电池和参考电池;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过辅助电池对应的均衡电路对辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量辅助电池在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的电压,第七时刻t7为第一时刻t1之后的时刻;在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),辅助电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);进而,根据辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2测量到的目标电池的电压、第七电压V3(t1)和第八电压V3(t2)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
通过执行上述方法,可以实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
可选地,计算目标电池的内短路电阻的一种具体实现可以是:电池管理模块根据第二 电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2),计算目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异;根据第七电压V3(t1)和第八电压V3(t2),计算辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异;以及计算辅助电池的电压在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值;进而,根据目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、辅助电池的电压在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的积分值和目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
结合第三方面或第四方面,在本申请实施例的第一种实现中,目标电池可以是通过上述第一方面或第二方面所述的检测电池组内短路的方法检测到的存在内短路的电池,也可以是通过现有技术中定性识别电池内短路的方法确定的存在内短路的电池。此时,电池管理模块可以根据计算得到的内短路电阻进行分级处理。
结合第三方面或第四方面,在本申请实施例的第一种实现中,该方法还可以包括,根据目标电池的内短路电阻判断该目标电池是否存在内短路,和/或根据计算得到的内短路电阻进行分级警报。例如,在目标电池的内短路电阻小于第一阻值时,则识别为目标电池存在内短路。
结合第一方面的第一种实现、第二方面的第一种实现、第三方面或第三方面任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式为:
其中,ΔV1=V1(t3)-V1(t4),ΔV2=V2(t1)-V2(t2),RSC为所述内短路电阻,R1为参考电池的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V1(t)为参考电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
结合第一方面的第一种实现、第二方面的第一种实现、第三方面或第三方面任意一种实现,该方法还可以包括:在对参考电池进行均衡放电过程中,测量所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在第六时刻t6停止对参考电池的均衡放电,第六时刻t6使得参考电池在第六时刻t6的电压与电池组内电池在第六时刻t6的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
结合第一方面、第一方面的第一种实现、第二方面、第二方面的第一种实现、第三方面或第三方面的任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的另一种实现中,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池为最大的电压值对应电池,以及确定目标电池为电池组中除参考电池之外的任意一个电池;或者,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池是电池组内电压值大于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池,确定目标电池为电池组内电压值小于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池。可选地,该第一电压阈值可以是测量得到的电池组内电池的电压的平均值。
结合第一方面的第二种实现、第二方面的第二种实现、第四方面或第四方面任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的又一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式为:
其中,ΔV3=V3(t2)-V3(t1),ΔV2=V2(t2)-V2(t1),RSC为内短路电阻,R3为辅助电池对应的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V3(t)为辅助电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
结合第一方面的第二种实现、第二方面的第二种实现、第四方面或第四方面任意一种实现,在对参考电池进行均衡放电过程中,测量所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在第八时刻t8停止对辅助电池的均衡放电,第八时刻t8使得辅助电池在第八时刻t8的电压与电池组内电池在第八时刻t8的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
结合第一方面、第一方面的第二种实现、第二方面、第二方面的第二种实现、第四方面或第四方面任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的又一种实现中,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池;确定目标电池为所述电池组存在内短路的任意一个电池,以及确定参考电池为电池组中除辅助电池和目标电池之外的任意一个电池。
结合第一方面、第一方面的第二种实现、第二方面、第二方面的第二种实现、第四方面或第四方面任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的又一种实现中,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池,确定参考电池为电池组中大于第一电压阈值的电压对应的电池,确定目标电池为电池组内电压值小于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池。可选地,该第一电压阈值可以是测量得到的电池组内电池的电压的平均值。
结合第一方面、第一方面的任意一种实现、第二方面、第二方面的任意一种实现、第三方面、第三方面的任意一种实现、第四方面或第四方面的任意一种实现,在本申请实施例的又一种可能的实现中,电池管理模块还可以确定第一电压V
set1和/或第四电压V
set2。
可选地,电池管理模块可以根据电池的开路电压(open circuit voltage,OCV)-电池荷电水平(state of charge,SOC)曲线确定第一电压V
set1和/或第四电压V
set2,其中,第一电压V
set1和/或第四电压V
set2在电池OCV-SOC曲线中近似线性的范围内。应理解,电池OCV-SOC曲线可以是已知的,也可以是电池管理模块根据历史充电过程中测量得到的电池的电压生成的。
可选地,电池管理***可以根据历史充电过程中测量得到电池的电压,确定预设电压范围,在该预设电压范围内电池的OCV和SOC呈近似直线关系,第一电压V
set1和/或第四电压V
set2在该预设电压范围内。
第五方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:
测量单元,用于在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2 的电压值为第三电压V2(t2);
判断单元,用于根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
需要说明的是,上述第五方面所述的装置以及装置中各个单元的具体实现可以参见上述第一方面所述的检测电池组内短路的方法的任意一种实现,此处,不再赘述。
第六方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:存储器以及处理器,所述处理用于调用存储器存储的程序和代码执行如第一方面所述任意一种检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,电池组内短路的检测装置还可以包括电压采集模块、通信接口或用户接口等,此处不再赘述。
第七方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:
测量单元,用于在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的端电压,其中,所述目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);
判断单元,用于根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
需要说明的是,上述第六方面所述的装置以及装置中各个单元的具体实现可以参见上述第二方面所述的检测电池组内短路的方法的任意一种实现,此处,不再赘述。
第八方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:存储器以及处理器,所述处理用于调用存储器存储的程序和代码执行如第二方面所述任意一种检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,电池组内短路的检测装置还可以包括电压采集模块、通信接口或用户接口等,此处不再赘述。
第九方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:
测量单元,用于在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述目标电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;
均衡放电单元,用于在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过所述参考电池对应的均衡电路对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻;
所述测量单元还用于:在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的 电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);
计算单元,用于根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
需要说明的是,上述第七方面所述的装置以及装置中各个单元的具体实现可以参见上述第三方面所述的检测电池组内短路的方法的任意一种实现,此处,不再赘述。
第十方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:存储器以及处理器,所述处理用于调用存储器存储的程序和代码执行如第三方面所述任意一种检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,电池组内短路的检测装置还可以包括电压采集模块、通信接口或用户接口等,此处不再赘述。
第十一方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:
测量单元,用于在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),,所述电池组包括所述辅助电池、所述目标电池和所述参考电池;
均衡放电单元,用于在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过所述辅助电池对应的均衡电路对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述辅助电池在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;
所述测量单元,还用于在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池、所述目标电池和所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);
计算单元,用于根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
需要说明的是,上述第八方面所述的装置以及装置中各个单元的具体实现可以参见上述第四方面所述的检测电池组内短路的方法的任意一种实现,此处,不再赘述。
第十二方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电池组内短路的检测装置,包括:存储器以及处理器,所述处理用于调用存储器存储的程序和代码执行如第四方面所述任意一种检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,电池组内短路的检测装置还可以包括电压采集模块、通信接口或用户接口等,此处不再赘述。
应理解,上述第五至十二方面中任意方面所述的电池组内短路的检测装置可以是电动车、电子设备等,也可以是电动车或电子设备中的电池管理模块,也可以是电动车中整车控制器,还可以是电动车或电子设备中单独设置的模块或芯片,还可以是服务器或者云端等。电子设备可以是手机、平板电脑、台式计算机、AR/VR设备、车载单元等。
第十三方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种计算机可读介质,该计算机可读介质存储用 于设备执行的程序代码,该程序代码包括用于执行第一至四方面中任意一个方面所述的方法。
第十四方面,本申请实施例还提供一种包含指令的计算机程序产品,当该计算机程序产品在计算机上运行时,使得计算机执行上述第一至四方面中任意一个方面所述的方法
第十五方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种检测电池组内短路电阻的***,包括:多个电池串联形成的电池组,与所述电池组中每一个电池分别耦合的均衡电路,存储器以及处理器;其中,所述存储器用于存储数据和指令,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器存储的数据和指令,执行第一方面、第二方面、第三方面或第四方面所述的任一种检测电池组内短路电阻的方法。
第十六方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种电动车,包括:如第九方面所述的任意一种检测电池组内短路电阻的***。
第十七方面,本申请实施例还提供了一种芯片,包括:电压采集模块、处理器和存储器,其中,电压采集模块用于采集电池组内各个电池的电压,存储器用于存储数据和指令,处理器用于调用存储器内存储的数据和指令执行如第一方面、第二方面、第三方面或第四方面所述的任一种检测电池组内短路电阻的方法。
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或背景技术中的技术方案,下面将对本申请实施例或背景技术中所需要使用的附图进行说明。
图1为本申请实施例中一种电池组内锂离子电池由于制造过程中金属异物刺穿隔膜形成内短路的示意图;
图2为本申请实施例中一种车辆电力***的架构示意图;
图3为本申请实施例中一种电池***的架构示意图;
图4为本申请实施例中一种检测电池组内短路的***的架构示意图;
图5A为本申请实施例中第一种检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图;
图5B为本申请实施例中第一种检测电池组内短路的原理示意图;
图5C为本申请实施例中一种等效电路模型的电路示意图;
图5D为本申请实施例中一种电池的OCV-SOC曲线的示意性说明图;
图6A为本申请实施例中第二种检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图;
图6B为本申请实施例中第二种检测电池组内短路的原理示意图;
图7A为本申请实施例中第三种检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图;
图7B为本申请实施例中一种的计算电池内短路电阻的原理示意图;
图8A为本申请实施例中第四种检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图;
图8B为本申请实施例中另一种的计算电池内短路电阻的原理示意图;
图9为本申请实施例中一种电池组内短路的检测装置的结构示意性;
图10为本申请实施例中另一种电池组内短路的检测装置的结构示意性;
图11为本申请实施例中又一种电池组内短路的检测装置的结构示意性;
图12为本申请实施例中又一种电池组内短路的检测装置的结构示意性。
本申请的说明书实施例和权利要求书及上述附图中的术语“第一”、“第二”、和“第三”等是用于区别类似的对象,而不必用于描述特定的顺序或先后次序。此外,术语“包括”和“具有”以及他们的任何变形,意图在于覆盖不排他的包含,例如,包含了一系列步骤或单元。方法、***、产品或设备不必限于清楚地列出的那些步骤或单元,而是可包括没有清楚地列出的或对于这些过程、方法、产品或设备固有的其它步骤或单元。
下面结合图2描述本申请实施例涉及的车辆电力***20,该***20可以包括电池***21、高压配电盒22、快充接口23、整车控制器24、能耗组件(例如电机25、空调26等)、直流电源转换器27、车载充电器28等。
如图3所示的电池***(本申请实施例中也称为“检测电池组内短路电阻的***”)的架构图,电池***21可以包括电池组211、与电池组211中电池耦合的均衡电路模块212以及电池管理模块213等。其中,电池组211包括多个电池,多个电池可以串联连接;多个电池也可以先并联连接,再串联连接。
均衡电路模块212与电池组211连接,由电池管理模块213进行控制,用于维持串联的多个电池的电压的一致性。均衡电路模块212可以包括与电池组内串联电池一一对应的均衡电路,均衡电路用于调节与该均衡电路对应的电池的电压。均衡电路可以是负载消耗型均衡,如图3所示的均衡电路,在每节电池上并联一个电阻,该电阻串联一个开关。如图3所示,电池B1并联电阻R1,通过开关S1控制电池B1通过均衡电路的均衡放电;同理电池B2、B3、B4分别并联电阻R2、R3、R4,并分别通过开关S2、S3、S4控制电池对应的均衡电路进行均衡放电。在电池的电压过高时,电池管理模块213通过控制开关闭合,使得电流通过电阻分流,使得电压高的电池电流小。应理解,均衡电路为现有技术,均衡电路还可以包括其他实现方式,本申请实施例不再赘述。
电池管理模块213可以包括数据采集单元2131、状态估计单元2132、电池均衡单元2133、安全监控单元2134、热管理单元2135、充放电管理单元2136、信息记录单元2137、输出控制单元2138等中的至少一个。其中,数据采集单元2131用于采集电池组211中电池的温度、电压和/或电流等数据;状态估计单元2131用于根据数据采集单元采集的数据(估计电池状态,电池状态可以包括充电状态、放电状态、高温状态、低温状态等;电池均衡单元2133用于对均衡电路模块212进行控制;安全监控单元2134用于实现对电池组211的安全监控,可对电池组进行过压监控、过流监控、欠压监控、过温监控、内短路监控等中的至少一种;热管理单元2135用于调解电池组211的温度,实现对电池组211的冷却和/或加热;充放电管理单元2136用于对电池组211的充/放电等;信息记录单元用于存储电池组211在使用过程中产生的数据。上述各个单元的功能可以由硬件或软件实现。本申请实施例中,电池管理模块可以实现内短路监控,具体可以实现下述实施例一至四中任意一个实施例描述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
其中,电池管理模块213可以采集电池组211内各个电池的电压,根据电池组211内各个电池的电压确定参考电池、辅助电池和目标电池,其中,参考电池用于作为基准,为电池组211中未发生内短路的电池;辅助电池为电池组211内未发生内短路电阻的电池, 在一种实施例中辅助电池和参考电池也可以为同一电池;目标电池为待检测电池,为电池组211内可能发生内短路的电池。
本发明实施例中,电池管理模块213可以以参考电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看目标电池的电压变化;或者,以目标电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看参考电池的电压变化,进而,基于电压变化确定目标电池是否存在内短路。可以理解,在以参考电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准的情况下,若在两次充电过程中,参考电池处于同一电压值对应的目标电池的电压变化大于预设阈值,可以认为目标电池存在内短路。具体实现可参见下述实施例一或实施例二中相关描述,本申请实施例不再赘述。
本发明实施例中,电池管理模块213可以在两次充电过程之间,对辅助电池进行均衡放电,根据辅助电池在两次充电过程中的电压和在均衡放电过程中的电压、目标电池和辅助电池在两次充电过程中的电压计算目标电池的内短路电阻,并基于计算得到的内短路电阻实现对电池内短路的分级警报。具体实现可参见下述实施例三或实施例四中相关描述,本申请实施例不再赘述。
在未说明情况下,本发明中“电池的电压”指“电池的端电压”即电池的正极电压和负极电压的差值,也即电池的输出电压。
电池***21通过高压配电盒22为电机25、空调26等耗能部件提供驱动力,也可以通过电源转换器27将电池***21提供的高压直流电源转换为可供车辆中整车控制器24等部件供电的低压直流电源。电源转换器27通常为直流-直流电源转换器(DC-to-DC converter),用于将高压直流电源转低压直流电源,例如12V、5V或其他电压值的电源。
整车控制器24用于控制车辆及组件。整车控制器可包括至少一个处理器,处理器执行存储在例如数据存储装置这样的非暂态计算机可读介质中的指令。计算机***还可以是采用分布式方式控制车辆的个体组件或子***的多个计算设备。其中,处理器可以是任何常规的处理器,诸如商业可获得的CPU。可选地,该处理器可以是诸如ASIC或其它基于硬件的处理器的专用设备。整车控制器24可以通过CAN总线与电机控制器、电池管理模块、充电***、制动***、冷却***等进行信息交互。整车控制器24还可以包括用户接口,以实现与车辆的用户进行人机交互。
例如,整车控制器可以向电机控制器发送指令,该指令可包括电机功率信息、电机模式信息或其他用于控制电机的参数,以使电机控制器根据该指令控制电机。
又例如,整车控制器与电池管理***通过CAN总线进行信息交互。整车控制器可以向电池管理***发生指令,该指令可以是充电指令、放电指令或者其他指令等,电池管理***可以获取电池的电压、电流、温度、电池包荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)等参数,并上报给整车控制器。在本申请的另一实施例中,电池管理模块的部分或全部可以是整车控制器的一部分,即电池管理模块的部分或全部功能也可以由整车控制器来实现。
车载充电器28用于将交流电转变为直流电,以对车辆中电池组进行充电。快充接口23的输入为直流电,可直接对车辆的电池组进行充电。
能耗组件(例如电机25、空调26等)由电池组提供的电能驱动,进行能量耗散。例如,电机可以受电机控制器的控制,驱动车辆的
应理解,***20还可以包括***设备,例如雷达、传感器、激光测距仪等,上述*** 设备可通过CAN总线与整车控制器进行通信连接,***20还可以包括其他***设备,对此,不作限定。
应理解,该车辆可以是纯电动汽车、混合动力汽车或其他包括电动车辆,对此,不作限定。
还应理解,***20仅仅是本申请实施例中一种实现场景。本申请实施例还适用于包括如上所述的电池组和电池管理模块的其他的***,该***可以应用于手机、平板电脑、个人计算机、可穿戴设备、充电宝等设备中,对此,不作限定。
请参阅图4所示的一种检测电池组内短路的***的架构图,该***40可以包括电池组41、均衡电路模块42、电压采集模块433、电池管理模块44和控制器45。关于电池组41和均衡电路模块42可以参见上述图2所示的***20中电池组211和均衡电路模块212相关描述,此处不再赘述。电压采集模块43耦合电池组41,用于采集电池组41内各个电池的电压。
电池管理模块44用于实现如上述图2中数据采集单元2131、状态估计单元2132、电池均衡单元2133、安全监控单元2134、热管理单元2135、充放电管理单元2136、信息记录单元2137、输出控制单元2138等中的部分或全部功能。
控制器45为***40的控制中心,可以包括处理器、存储器等元件,其中,处理器可以作为***40的控制中心,用于实现***40的各个功能,例如实现下述实施例一至四任一实施例所述的全部或部分方法。
在本申请另一实施例中,电池管理模块44可以包括存储器和处理器,也可以由电池管理模块44实现下述实施例一至四任一实施例所述的全部或部分方法。或者,也可以由单独设置于***上的芯片实现下述实施例一至四任一实施例所述的全部或部分方法,本申请实施例不作限定。
***40还可以包括******46,******46主要用于实现控制器45和用户/外部环境之间的交互功能,可以包括输入/输出装置。具体实现中,******46可包括:显示屏461、摄像头462、音频输入/输出装置463以及传感器464。需要说明的是,******45还可以包括其他I/O外设。其中,音频输入/输出装置463可以包括扩音器、麦克风等音频输入或输出元件;显示屏461可以包括显示面板和触控面板等;传感器461可以包括温度传感器、陀螺仪、加速度计、摄像头、红外传感器等。扩音器和显示屏可以用于输出本申请实施例中提示信息,陀螺仪、加速度计、摄像头等可以获取***所在设备(如车辆或终端等)的运动信息,进而识别出设备的运动状态等。
可选地,***还可以包括通信模块47以实现与其他设备(如手机或其他终端等)信息交互,通信模块47可以包括射频模块、蓝牙模块、WiFi模块、通信接口等,其中,射频模块用于接收和发送射频信号,与通信网络和其他通信设备进行通信,其主要集成了接收器和发射器。
可选地,电池管理模块44和/或整车控制器45也可以共用处理器和/或存储器,本申请实施例不作限定。
其中,上述存储器包括但不限于是随机存储记忆体(英文:Random Access Memory, 简称:RAM)、只读存储器(英文:Read-Only Memory,简称:ROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(英文:Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory,简称:EPROM)、或便携式只读存储器(英文:Compact Disc Read-Only Memory,简称:CD-ROM),该存储器432用于存储相关程序指令及数据。
其中,上述处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit,CPU),该处理器431还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor,DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件等。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。
下面介绍本申请提供的方法实施例。
实施例一:
下面结合图5A所示的检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图和图5B所示的检测电池组内短路的原理示意图,描述本申请实施例提供的第一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法可以由图2所示的电池管理模块213、电池组内短路的检测装置执行,具体可以由电池管理模块213中的安全监控单元或处理器执行,本申请实施例以电池管理模块为例来描述。应理解,该方法还可以应用于其他的控制器,例如整车控制器等,对此不作限定。通过该方法可以实现对电池组内电池内短路的识别,该方法可以包括如下部分或全部步骤:
S52:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),电池组包括参考电池和目标电池。
在一种具体实现中,第一电压可以是预设的电压值V
set1,电池管理模块可以在第一次充电过程中检测参考电池的电压,当检测到参考电池的电压为V
set1时,获取目标电池的电压,即第二电压V2(t1)。
在另一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以确定使得参考电池的开路电压(open circuit voltage,OCV)-电池荷电水平(state of charge,SOC)曲线近似线性的电压范围,第一电压V
set1可以是检测到的参考电池的电压中属于该电压范围中任意的一个电压值。
应理解,电池可以用如图5C所示的等效电路模型来近似,电池的端电压V等于电池的OCV减去电池阻抗上的压降VRC。电池的开路电压OCV与电池SOC成固定的关系,在电池老化循环的过程中基本保持不变。电池阻抗上的压降VRC与电池阻抗以及当前电流i有关。如图5D所示的电池的OCV-SOC曲线,在电池的SOC处于中等水平,例如,电池的SOC处于40%-70%区间时,OCV与SOC的关系近似线性。此时,在确定的SOC点,OCV的变化可以近似等于SOC的变化与系数α的乘积,即ΔOCV=α×ΔSOC。
可选地,电池管理***可以根据历史充电过程中测量得到电池的电压,确定该电压范围,在该电压范围内电池的OCV和SOC呈近似直线关系,第一电压V
set1在该预设电压范围内;或者,电池管理模块可以根据电池的开路电压(open circuit voltage,OCV)-电池荷电水平(state of charge,SOC)曲线确定第一电压V
set1,其中,第一电压V
set1在电池OCV-SOC曲线中近似线性的范围内。电池OCV-SOC曲线可以是已知的,也可以是电池管理模块根 据历史充电过程中测量得到的电池的电压生成的。
应理解,本申请各个实施例中,电池(目标电池、参考电池、辅助电池等)的电压指端电压,即电池两端的电压,其等于电池的开路电压与电池的内电阻上的压降之差。
其中,参考电池可以认为是不存在内短路的电池,应理解,不存在内短路电阻的电池在两次充电过程中检测到的电压-时间曲线理论上一致。目标电池为电池组中可能存在内短路的电池,本申请实施例的目标在于以参考电池为基准,依次检测目标电池是否存在内短路。
可选地,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池、目标电池、辅助电池等,如下描述了确定参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的两种实现方式:
实现方式一:
电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中特定时刻测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池为最大的端电压值对应电池,以及确定目标电池为电池组中除参考电池之外的任意一个电池。此时,电池管理模块可以以最大的端电压对应的电池,即参考电池,作为基准,认为该参考电池不存在内短路;通过检测,参考电池在不同的充电过程的同一状态(即同一电压)下,电池组内其他电池,即目标电池的电压变化,来定性识别该目标电池是否存在内短路。
应理解,在需要辅助电池的情况下,可以确定辅助电池为次最大的端电压值对应电池或者确定辅助电池为池组内电压值大于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池。辅助电池和参考电池也可以互换或为同一电池。
实现方式二:
电池管理模块可以根据在第一次充电过程中特定时刻测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池是电池组内电压值大于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池,确定目标电池为电池组内电压值小于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池。可选地,该第一电压阈值可以是测量得到的电池组内电池的电压的平均值。此时,电池管理模块可以以大于电池组的平均端电压的端电压对应的电池,即参考电池,作为基准,认为该参考电池不存在内短路;通过检测,参考电池在不同的充电过程的同一状态(即同一电压)下,电池组内其他电池,即目标电池的电压变化,来定性识别该目标电池是否存在内短路。
应理解,在需要辅助电池的情况下,可以确定辅助电池为电池组内电压值大于第一电压阈值的电池中任意一个电池,或者确定辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池,或者,确定辅助电池为次最大的电压值对应电池等。
需要说明的是,还可以包括其他确定参考电池、目标电池或辅助电池的方式,此处不再赘述。例如,参考电池和目标电池为电池组中任意两个电池,其中,参考电池的电压可以大于目标电池的电压。
S54:在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2)。
应理解,第一次充电过程和第二次充电过程之间可以进行至少一次充电和/或放电过程, 也可以对电池组内任意一个或多个电池进行均衡放电,对此,不作限定。
在本申请的一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以在第二次充电过程中检测参考电池的电压,当检测到参考电池的电压为V
set1时,获取目标电池的电压,即第三电压V2(t2)。
S56:根据第二电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2),判断目标电池是否存在内短路。
应理解,若目标电池存在内短路,则随充电次数的增加,电池使用时长的增长,目标电池的内短路现象会越来越明显,目标电池的内短路电阻越来小,目标电池通过内短路消耗的能量越来越多,此时,目标电池的端电压会不断降低。判断目标电池是否存在内短路的一种实现方式可以是:电池管理***在判断第二电压V2(t1)与第三电压V2(t2)之差大于预设阈值,则该目标电池存在内短路;否则,目标电池不存在内短路。
还应理解,判断目标电池是否存在内短路还可以包括其他的实现方式,例如,电池管理模块判断目标电池在第一次充电过程中和第二次充电过程中电压变化的平均值是否大于预设阈值,如果是,则确定目标电池存在内短路,否则,目标电池不存在内短路。
实施例二:
在实施例一中,以参考电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看目标电池的电压变化,并基于目标电池的电压变化确定目标电池是否存在内短路。同理,在实施例二中,以目标电池在两次充电过程中的电压为基准,查看参考电池的电压变化,进而,基于参考电池的电压变化确定目标电池是否存在内短路。
下面结合图6A所示的检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图和图6B所示的检测电池组内短路的原理示意图,描述本申请实施例提供的第一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法可以由图2所示的电池管理模块213执行,具体可以由电池管理模块213中的安全监控单元或处理器执行,本申请实施例以电池管理模块为例来描述。应理解,该方法还可以应用于其他的控制器,例如整车控制器等,对此不作限定。通过该方法可以实现对电池组内电池内短路的识别,该方法可以包括如下部分或全部步骤:
S62:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的端电压,其中,参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,电池组包括参考电池和目标电池。
在一种具体实现中,第四电压可以是预设的电压值V
set2,电池管理模块可以在第一次充电过程中检测目标电池的电压,当检测到目标电池的电压为V
set2时,获取参考电池的电压,即第五电压V1(t3)。
在另一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以确定使得目标电池的OCV-SOC曲线近似线性的电压范围,V
set2可以是检测到的目标电池的电压中属于该电压范围中任意的一个电压值。
其中,确定目标电池的电压范围、OCV-SOC曲线的方法的原理同上述实施例(一)中确定参考电池的电压范围、OCV-SOC曲线的方法,具体可以参见上述实施例(一)中相关描述,此处,不再赘述。
其中,参考电池、目标电池的确定可以参见上述实施例一中确定参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的两种实现方式中相关描述,此处,不再赘述。·
S64:在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,目标 电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4)。
在本申请的一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以在第二次充电过程中检测目标电池的电压,当检测到参考电池的电压为V
set2时,获取参考电池的电压,即第六电压V1(t4)。
S66:根据第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4),判断目标电池是否存在内短路。
应理解,若目标电池存在内短路,则随充电次数的增加,电池使用时长的增长,目标电池的内短路现象会越来越明显,目标电池的内短路电阻越来小,目标电池通过内短路消耗的能量越来越多,此时,目标电池的端电压会不断降低。此时,若以存在内短路的目标电池作为基准,则参考电池的在先的充电过程中检测到的第五电压V1(t3)不同于在后充电过程检测到第六电压V1(t4)。
判断目标电池是否存在内短路的一种实现方式可以是:电池管理***在判断第五电压V1(t3)与第六电压V1(t4)之差大于预设阈值,则该目标电池存在内短路;否则,目标电池不存在内短路。
需要说明的是,上述实施例一和实施例二描述了定性判断电池组内电池是否出现内短路的实现方法。电池管理模块在判断电池组内存在内短路的电池时,电池管理模块可以向车辆控制器上报用于指示电池组内存在内短路的电池的指示信息,车辆控制器在接收到该指示信息后,若车辆处于行驶状态,则可以通过显示装置或扩音器输出用于提示用户电池故障或电池发生内短路的提示信息,例如通过车辆仪表屏显示该提示信息;若车辆处于充电状态,则向车辆绑定的终端,例如手机发送用于提示用户电池故障或电池发生内短路的提示信息,此时,车辆控制器也可以停止对电池的充电。
在本申请的另一种实现中,在目标电池出现内短路的情况下,可以进一步地计算目标电池的内短路电阻,例如,可以通过下述实施例三和实施例四中描述的计算目标电池内短路的方法或者现有技术中其他的计算电池内短路的方法进一步地计算目标电池的内短路电阻,具体可以参见下述实施例三或实施例四中相关描述,此处,不再赘述。
针对上述实施例一或实施例二,在本发明实施例的一种实现场景中,电池管理***还可以根据两次充电过程中电池的电压变化的大小或内短路电阻的大小进行分级警报。其中,电池的电压变化在实施例一中指第二电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2)的差值,在实施例二中指第五电压V1(t3)与第六电压V1(t4)的差值。
如下表1所示的基于电池的电压变化进行分级警报的具体实现:
表1
其中,预设阈值大于V
set1或大于V
set2。应理解,电池管理***还可以采用其他分级处理方式,对此,不作限定。
如下表2所示的基于电池的内短路电阻进行分级处理的具体实现:
表2
其中,预设阻值可以为固定值,也可以基于所有目标电池的内短路电阻中最小的内短路电阻确定,还可以基于所有目标电池的内短路电阻的平均值确定,还可以通过其他的方式确定,对此,不作限定。
实施例三
下面结合图7A所示的检测电池组内短路的方法的流程示意图和图7B所示的计算电池内短路电阻的原理示意图,描述本申请实施例提供的一种检测电池组内短路的方法,该方法可以由图2所示的电池管理模块213执行,具体可以由电池管理模块213中的安全监控单元2135或处理器执行,本申请实施例以电池管理模块为例来描述。应理解,该方法还可以应用于其他的控制器,例如整车控制器等,对此不作限定。通过该方法可以实现对电池的内短路电阻的定量计算,该方法可以包括如下部分或全部步骤:
S72:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),目标电池在第三时刻t2的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),电池组包括参考电池和目标电池,参考电池的电压大于目标电池的电压,第三时刻t3为第一时刻t1之后的时刻。
在实施例三中,参考电池也称为辅助电池,参考电池和辅助电池为同一电池。
在本申请一实现方式中,目标电池可以是通过上述实施例一和实施例二中方法检测为存在内短路的电池,也可以是通过现有技术中定性识别电池内短路的方法确定的存在内短路的电池;电池管理模块根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考为最大的电压值对应的电池或者大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池。此时,电池管理模块可以根据目标电池的内短路电阻的大小进行分级警报。具体实现可以参见上述表2描述的分级警报的实现方式,此处,不再赘述。
在本申请另一实现方式中,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池、目标电池等,从电池组中确定参考电池和目标电池的方法可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。此时,电池管理模块可以根据目标电池的内短路电阻判断目标电池是否存在内短路;和/或,根据计算得到的内短路电阻进行分级警报。例如,在目标电池的内短路电阻小于第一阻值时,则识别为目标电池存在内短路。
在一种具体实现中,第一电压可以是预设的电压值V
set1,第四电压可以是预设的电压值V
set2,电池管理模块可以在第一次充电过程中实时检测参考电池的电压和目标电池的电压,并确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时目标电池的电压,即第二电压V2(t1),以及确定目标 电池的电压为V
set2时参考电池的电压,即为第五电压V1(t3)。
同实施例一,V
set1和/或V
set2在电池OCV-SOC曲线中近似线性的范围内,具体可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。应理解,当处于近似线性的范围内时,OCV的变化与SOC的变化满足ΔSOC=α×ΔOCV,系数α可以为常数。在后续的计算中,可以用除法消去该系数α,即ΔSOC1/ΔSOC2=ΔOCV1)/ΔOCV2。如果OCV和SOC是非线性关系,即ΔSOC=f(ΔOCV),则ΔSOC1/ΔSOC2=f(ΔOCV1)/f(ΔOCV2),导致结果强依赖函数f的具体形式,从而引入更多需要求解的未知数。可以理解,由于工程上的绝对线性是很难获得的,因此,在可接受的范围内,近似的线性即可,可接受的近似程度取决于***对结果误差的允许程度。
S74:在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过参考电池对应的均衡电路对参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量参考电池在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的电压,第五时刻t5为第三时刻t3之后的时刻。
其中,第五时刻t5为第三时刻t3之后的时刻,第六时刻t6为第二时刻t2之前的时刻。如图3所示,在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,电池管理模块可以控制参考电池(比如电池B1)对应的均衡电路中开关S1闭合,导通参考电池B1和该均衡电路中电阻R1构成的通路,电阻R1消耗参考电池B1的能量,并实时监测电阻组内各个电池的电压,在参考电池B1的电压V1(t)与电池组的平均电压Vavg(t)的差异不大于第一预设阈值V
set3的情况下(此时为第六时刻t6),断开参考电池B1对应的均衡电路的开关S1,完成对参考电池B1的均衡放电。
其中,第六时刻t6为使得式|V1(t)-Vavg(t)|≤V
set3成立的时间。其中,时间t为变量;V
set3为电池管理***预先设定的阈值,由电池组电池的一致性决定,一般可以取值为10mV~20mV。第六时刻t6也可以是使得参考电池的电压与目标电池的电压的差值不大于第二预设阈值V
set4的时刻,或者通过其他方式确定第六时刻t6,对此,不作限定。
需要说明的是,第五时刻t5和第六时刻t6可以第三时间t3之后,第二时刻t2之前的任意一个时刻,电池组在第五时刻t5和第六时刻t6可以处于充电或放电状态。
S76:在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,参考电池在第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4)。
在一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以在第二次充电过程中实时检测参考电池的电压和目标电池的电压,并确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时目标电池的电压,即第三电压V2(t2),以及确定目标电池的电压为V
set2时参考电池的电压,即为第六电压V1(t4)。
S78:根据参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第四时刻t4测量到的目标电池的电压、第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式可以是:
其中,ΔV1=V1(t3)-V1(t4),ΔV2=V2(t1)-V2(t2),RSC为目标电池的内短路电阻,R1为参考电池对应的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V1(t)为参考电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
在本申请实施例的另一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式可以是:
其中,C1为参考电池的容量,C2为目标电池的容量。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,步骤S78的一种具体实现可以包括如下步骤:
S782:根据第五电压V1(t3)和第六电压V1(t4),计算参考电池在第三时刻t1和第四时刻t4的电压差异。
S784:根据第二电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2),计算目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异。
S786:计算参考电池的电压在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值、目标电池的电压在第三时刻t3至第四时刻t4的积分值。
S788:根据参考电池在第三时刻t1和第四时刻t4的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、参考电池的电压在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值以及目标电池的电压在第三时刻t3至第四时刻t4的积分值,计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
具体,可以通过上述公式(1)和(2)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
应理解,步骤S78还可以包括其他实现,例如:电池管理模块可以在参考电池的电压V1(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小时,例如,在电池的整个充放电时间段内,参考电池的电压和目标电池的电压在预设电压范围之内,根据参考电池在第三时刻t3和第四时刻t4的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、第一时刻t1与第二时刻t2之间的时间差、第三时刻t3与第四时刻t4之间的时间差、第五时刻t5与第六时刻t6之间的时间差计算目标电池的内短路电阻。该预设电压范围可以是3.1V至4.2V,也可以是3.0V至4.5V,或者为其他的变化幅值不大于第三电压阈值的电压范围。计算公式可以表示为:
可见,该实现方式将上述积分计算转换为时间差,此时,计算结果虽然牺牲了精度,但简化了计算过程,可以适用于参考电池的电压V1(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小的场景。
又例如,电池管理模块可以选定各个时刻使得各个时刻满足第一时刻t1与第三时间t3 之间的时间差、第二时间t2与第四时间t4之间的时间差都不大于第一时长;且第五时间t5与第一时间t1之间的时间差或第五时间t5与第三时间t3之间的时间差不大于第二时长,第六时间t6与第二时间t2之间的时间差或第六时间t6与第四时间t4之间的时间差不大于第二时长。进而,电池管理模块根据参考电池在第三时刻t1和第四时刻t4的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、第一时刻t1与第二时刻t2之间的时间差、第三时刻t3与第四时刻t4之间的时间差、第五时刻t5与第六时刻t6之间的时间差计算目标电池的内短路电阻。其中,第一时长或第二时长可以为30s、60s、180s、300s或其他时长,本申请实施例不作限定。具体计算公式可以如上式(3)所示,此处不再赘述。
可见,该实现方式将上述积分计算转换为时间差,在简化计算过程的同时,计算结果也可保证一定的精度,可以适用于第一时刻t1、第三时间t3和第五时间t5之间接近且第二时间t2、第四时间t4和第六时间之间接近的场景。
应理解,本申请实施例中还可以基于上述公式进行演变得到可适用于特殊场景下的其他的形式的内电阻的计算方法,此处,不做限定。
上述实施例三所示的检测电池组内短路电阻的方法,引入具备均衡放电的参考电池,仅利用电池在充电过程中的电压即可实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,电池管理模块可以选择电池组内多个电池作为辅助电池,例如,电池管理模块可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,选定大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池作为参考电池,分别对多个参考电池进行独立均衡放电,并计算目标电池的内短路电阻,得到目标电池的多个内短路电阻,进而,确定目标电池实际的内短路电阻为该多个内短路电阻的平均值或者该多个内短路电阻的加权平均值。假设具有N个参考电池,分别对N个参考电池进行独立均衡放电计算得到的目标电池的内短路电阻为RSC
1、RSC
2、…RSC
N,N个辅助电池均衡时间长度分别为T
1、T
2、…T
N,则目标电池实际的内短路电阻为:
其中,N为大于1的整数,RSC为目标电池的实际内短路电阻,i为参考电池的索引,i为不大于N的正整数。
通过上述方法,可以进一步地提高内短路电阻的计算准确度和精度。
上述实施例三中各个实施例方法仅需要监测充电过程中特征时刻点的目标电池和参考电池的电压,不要求电池组完全被充满电或者长时间不使用,定量计算内短路电阻的过程对电池组的状态要求较低,可适用场景广泛。
下面介绍实施例三中计算目标电池内短路电阻的原理。
在本申请各个实施例中,电池管理模块测量得到的电池的电压即为该电池的端电压。
在实施例三中,参考电池在第五时刻的电压V1(t2)等于参考电池在第一时刻的电压 V1(t1),都为第一电压V
set1,即V1(t2)等于V1(t1),则:
V2(t1)-V2(t2)=[V1(t2)-V2(t2)]-[V1(t1)-V2(t1)] (5)
其中,根据基尔霍夫电压定律(Kirchhoff laws),电池的电压,即电池的端电压等于电池的开路电压OCV减去电流在电池阻抗上的压降VRC。即,对于参考电池和目标电池分别在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压,存在如下关系:
V1(t2)=OCV1(t2)-VRC1(t2) (6)
V2(t2)=OCV2(t2)-VRC2(t2) (7)
V1(t1)=OCV1(t1)-VRC1(t1) (8)
V2(t1)=OCV2(t1)-VRC2(t1) (9)
由于,电池的充电电路一般比较固定,相同的环境温度、相同SOC下,电池阻抗上压降几乎保持不变,即:
VRC1(t1)=VRC1(t2) (10)
VRC2(t1)=VRC2(t2) (11)
则,将公式(6)、(7)、(8)、(9)、(10)、(11)代入(5)中,可以得到:
V2(t1)-V2(t2)=(OCV1(t2)-OCV2(t2)-OCV1(t1)+OCV2(t1)) (12)
由于ΔOCV=α×ΔSOC,联合式(11),可得:
V2(t1)-V2(t2)=α×(SOC1(t2)-SOC1(t1))-α×(SOC2(t2)-SOC2(t1)) (13)
由于,t1和t2为参考电池的电压相等,因此,参考电压在t1和t2时刻SOC近似相等,即:
式(14)中,i为电池组上检测到的流经所有电池的串联电流,定义由电池正极流出的方向为正。C1为参考电池的容量。同理,针对目标电池,可以得到:
结合式(14)-(15),式(13)可以简化为:
同理,分析t3-t4时间段,参考电池和目标电池之间电压差异的变化情况,同样可以得到:
电池管理***计算在t5~t6时间段内流经均衡电阻R1的电荷量,其表达式为:
在t1~t2时间段内流经目标电池的内短路电阻RSC的电荷量,其表达式为:
在t3~t4时间段内流经目标电池的内短路电阻RSC的电荷量,其表达式为:
联立式(16)~(20),消去未知的变量α,得到目标电池的内短路电阻的计算结果为:
而通常情况下,参考电池和目标电池的容量是非常接近的,因此有C1≈C2,此时公式(21)进一步的简化,可得:
其中,ΔV1=V1(t3)-V1(t4),ΔV2=V2(t1)-V1(t2),RSC为目标电池的内短路电阻,R1为参考电池对应的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V1(t)为参考电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
从公式(22)可以看出,最终的短路电阻计算式中不包含任何电池自身的状态/参数,只和电池电压有关。
应理解,在满足下述2个条件中任意一个或多个条件时,公式(22)可以进一步简化为:
条件1:参考电池的电压V1(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小。
例如,在电池的整个充放电时间段内,参考电池的电压和目标电池的电压在预设电压范围之内。该预设电压范围可以是3.1V至4.2V,也可以是3.0V至4.5V,或者为其他的变化幅值不大于第三电压阈值的电压范围。例如,当预设电压范围为3.1V至4.2V,电池的电压的变化范围不大于自身最大电压的30%,可以假设参考电池和目标电池在同一时刻或不同时刻电压都相等,近似为固定值。进而,上述积分计算转换为时间差,此时,计算结果虽然牺牲了精度,但简化了计算过程。
条件2:第一时刻t1与第三时间t3之间的时间差、第二时间t2与第四时间t4之间的时间差都不大于第一时长;且第五时间t5与第一时间t1之间的时间差或第五时间t5与第三时间t3之间的时间差不大于第二时长,第六时间t6与第二时间t2之间的时间差或第六时间t6与第四时间t4之间的时间差不大于第二时长。其中,第一时长或第二时长可以为30s、60s、180s、300s或其他时长,本申请实施例不作限定。也就是说,第一时刻t1、第三时刻t3和第五时刻t5非常接近,第二时刻t2、第四时刻t4和第六时刻t6非常接近,此时,目标电池的电压和参考电池的电压近似相等,将上述积分计算转换为时间差,在简化计算过程的同时,计算结果也可保证一定的精度。
应理解,本申请实施例中还可以基于上述公式进行演变得到可适用于特殊场景下的其他的形式的内电阻的计算方法,此处,不做限定。
实施例四
下面结合图8A所示的检测电池组内短路电阻的方法的流程示意图和图8B所示的计算电池内短路电阻的原理示意图,描述本申请实施例提供的检测电池组内短路电阻的方法,该方法可以由图2所示的电池管理模块213执行,具体可以由电池管理模块213中的安全监控单元或处理器执行,本申请实施例以电池管理模块为例来描述。应理解,该方法还可以应用于其他的控制器,例如整车控制器等,对此不作限定。通过该方法可以实现对电池的内短路电阻的定量计算,该方法可以包括如下部分或全部步骤:
S82:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),电池组包括辅助电池、目标电池和参考电池。
应理解,第二时刻t2为第一时刻t1之后的时刻,或者,第二时刻t2为第一时刻t1之前的时刻。
在本申请一实现方式中,目标电池可以是通过上述实施例一和实施例二中方法检测为存在内短路的电池,也可以是通过现有技术中定性识别电池内短路的方法确定的存在内短路的电池。电池管理模块根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定辅助电池为最大的电压值对应的电池,以及确定参考电池为次最大的电压值对应的电池。或者电池管理模块根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定辅助电池为大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池,此时可以确定参考电池为大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池中除辅助电池之外的电池。电池管理模块可以根据目标电池的内短路电阻的大小进行分级警报。具体实现可以参见上述表2描述的分级警报的实现方式,此处,不再赘述。
在本申请另一实现方式中,电池管理模块还可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定参考电池、目标电池、辅助电池等,从电池组中确定辅助电池和目标电池的方法可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。此时,电池管理模块可以根据目标电池的内短路电阻判断目标电池是否存在内短路;和/或,根据计算得到的内短路电阻进行分级警报。例如,在目标电池的内短路电阻小于第一阻值时,则识别 为目标电池存在内短路。
在一种具体实现中,第一电压可以是预设的电压值V
set1,电池管理模块可以在第一次充电过程中实时检测参考电池、辅助电池和目标电池的电压,并确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时目标电池的电压,即第二电压V2(t1),以及确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时辅助电池的电压,即为第七电压V3(t2)。
可选地,V
set1在电池OCV-SOC曲线中近似线性的范围内,具体可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。
S84:在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过辅助电池对应的均衡电路对辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量辅助电池在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的电压,第七时刻t7为第一时刻t1之后的时刻。
其中,第七时刻t7为第一时刻t1之后的时刻,第八时刻t8为第二时刻t2之前的时刻。同实施例三中均衡放电过程类似,在辅助电池B3的电压V3(t)与电池组的平均电压Vavg(t)的差异不大于第三预设阈值Vset5的情况下(此时为第八时刻t8),断开辅助电池B3对应的均衡电路的开关S1,均衡放电的具体实现可以参见上述实施例三中相关描述,此处,不再赘述。其中,第八时刻t8为使得式|V3(t)-Vavg(t)|≤V
set5成立的时间。其中,时间t为变量;Vset5为电池管理***预先设定的阈值,由电池组电池的一致性决定,一般可以取值为10mV~20mV。第八时刻t8也可以是使得辅助电池的电压与目标电池的电压的差值不大于第四预设阈值Vset6的时刻,或者通过其他方式确定第八时刻t8,对此,不作限定。
需要说明的是,第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8可以第一时刻t1之后,第二时刻t2之前的任意一个时间段,电池组在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8可以处于充电或放电状态。
S86:在对电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第一电压V
set1,目标电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),辅助电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2)。
在一种具体实现中,电池管理模块可以在第二次充电过程中实时检测参考电池、辅助电池和目标电池的电压,并确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时目标电池的电压,即第五电压V2(t4);以及确定参考电池的电压为V
set1时辅助电池的电压,即第八电压V3(t2)。
S88:根据辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2测量到的目标电池的电压、第七电压V3(t1)和第八电压V3(t2)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式可以是:
其中,ΔV3=V3(t2)-V3(t1),ΔV2=V2(t2)-V1(t1),RSC为所述内短路电阻,R3为所述辅助电池的均衡电路中负载的阻值,RSC为内短路电阻,R3为辅助电池对应的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V3(t)为辅助电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
在本申请实施例的另一种实现中,目标电池的内短路电阻的计算公式可以是:
其中,C3为辅助电池的容量,C2为目标电池的容量。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,步骤S88的一种具体实现可以包括如下步骤:
S882:电池管理模块根据第二电压V2(t1)和第三电压V2(t2),计算目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异。
S884:根据第七电压V3(t1)和第八电压V3(t2),计算辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异。
S886:计算辅助电池的电压在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的积分值、目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值。
S888:根据目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、辅助电池的电压在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8的积分值和目标电池的电压在第一时刻t1至第二时刻t2的积分值计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
具体,可以通过上述公式(22)和(23)计算目标电池的内短路电阻。
应理解,步骤S88还可以包括其他实现,例如:电池管理模块可以在辅助电池的电压V3(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小时,例如,在电池的整个充放电时间段内,辅助电池的电压和目标电池的电压在预设电压范围之内,根据辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、第一时刻t1与第二时刻t2之间的时间差、第七时刻t7与第八时刻t8之间的时间差计算目标电池的内短路电阻。该预设电压范围可以是3.1V至4.2V,也可以是3.0V至4.5V,或者为其他的变化幅值不大于第三电压阈值的电压范围。计算公式可以表示为:
可见,该实现方式将上述积分计算转换为时间差,此时,计算结果虽然牺牲了精度,但简化了计算过程,可以适用于辅助电池的电压V3(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小的场景。
又例如,电池管理模块可以选定各个时刻使得各个时刻满足第一时刻t1与第七时间t7之间的时间差、第二时间t2与第八时间t8之间的时间差都不大于第一时长。进而,电池管理模块可以根据辅助电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异、第一时刻t1与第二时刻t2之间的时间差、第七时刻t7与第八时刻t8之间的时间差计算目标电池的内短路电阻。其中,第一时长或第二时长可以为30s、60s、180s、300s或其他时长,本申请实施例不作限定。具体计算公式可以如上式(26)所示,此处不再赘述。
可见,该实现方式将上述积分计算转换为时间差,在简化计算过程的同时,计算结果也可保证一定的精度,可以适用于第一时刻t1、第七时间t7之间接近且第二时间t2、第八时间t8之间接近的场景。
应理解,本申请实施例中还可以基于上述公式进行演变得到可适用于特殊场景下的其他的形式的内电阻的计算方法,此处,不做限定。
上述实施例四所示的检测电池组内短路电阻的方法,引入具备均衡放电的辅助电池,仅利用电池在充电过程中的电压即可实现内短路电阻的定量计算,且在该内短路电阻的计算过程不基于如SOC、内阻、电池容量等估算量进行的计算,通过电池的电压的相对变化量将电池内短路的计算与电池的估算量解耦,降低计算复杂度,提高电池的内短路电阻的计算效率和精度。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,电池管理模块可以选择电池组内多个电池作为辅助电池,例如,电池管理模块可以根据在第一次充电过程中测量到的电池组内每一个电池的电压,选定大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池作为辅助电池,选定大于第一电压阈值的电压值对应的电池中除辅助电池外的一个电池作为参考电池,分别对多个辅助电池进行独立均衡放电,并计算目标电池的内短路电阻,得到目标电池的多个内短路电阻,进而,确定目标电池实际的内短路电阻为该多个内短路电阻的平均值或者该多个内短路电阻的加权平均值。目标电池实际的内短路电阻具体计算方法可以参见上述实施例三中目标电池实际的内短路电阻具体计算方法,此处不再赘述。
上述实施例四中各个实施例方法仅需要监测充电过程中特征时刻点的辅助电池、目标电池和参考电池的电压,不要求电池组完全被充满电或者长时间不使用,定量计算内短路电阻的过程对电池组的状态要求较低,可适用场景广泛。
下面结合图8B,介绍实施例四中计算目标电池内短路电阻的原理。
在实施例四中,分析参考电池和辅助电池之间电压差异的变化情况,辅助电池在第二时刻t2的电压V3(t2)等于辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压V3(t1),都为第一电压V
set1,即V1(t2)等于V1(t1),辅助电池的电压变化可以表示为:
V3(t2)-V3(t1)=[V3(t2)-V2(t2)]-[V3(t1)-V2(t1)] (27)
其中,根据基尔霍夫电压定律(Kirchhoff laws),电池的端电压等于电池的开路电压OCV减去电流在电池阻抗上的压降VRC。即,对于辅助电池和目标电池分别在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的端电压,存在如下关系:
V1(t1)=OCV1(t1)-VRC1(t1) (28)
V2(t1)=OCV2(t1)-VRC2(t1) (29)
V3(t1)=OCV3(t1)-VRC3(t1) (30)
V1(t2)=OCV1(t2)-VRC1(t2) (31)
V2(t2)=OCV2(t2)-VRC2(t2) (32)
V3(t2)=OCV3(t2)-VRC3(t2) (33)
由于,电池的充电电路一般比较固定,相同的环境温度下,电池阻抗上压降几乎保持不变,即,
VRC1(t1)=VRC1(t2) (34)
VRC2(t1)=VRC2(t2) (35)
VRC3(t1)=VRC3(t2) (36)
则,将公式(28)、(30)、(31)、(33)、(34)、(36)代入(27)中,可以得到:
V3(t2)-V3(t1)=[OCV3(t2)-OCV1(t2)-OCV3(t1)+OCV1(t1)] (37)
由于ΔOCV=α×ΔSOC,联合式(34),可得:
V3(t2)-V3(t1)=α×[SOC3(t2)-SOC3(t1)]-α×[SOC1(t2)-SOC1(t1)] (38)
参考实施例三中的简化过程,可得:
同理,分析参考电池和目标电池之间电压差异的变化情况,计算目标电池在第一时刻t1和第二时刻t2的电压差异,可以得到:
根据公式(36)和(37),消去未知的变量α,得到目标电池的内短路电阻的计算结果为:
其中,ΔV3=V3(t2)-V3(t1),ΔV2=V2(t2)-V1(t1),RSC为内短路电阻,C3为辅助电池的容量,C2为目标电池的容量,R3为辅助电池的均衡电路中负载的阻值,V3(t)为辅助电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数,V2(t)为目标电池的电压关于时间变量t的函数。
而通常情况下,辅助电池和目标电池的容量是非常接近的,因此有C3≈C2,此时式(38)进一步的简化为:
从式(42)可以看出,目标电池的内短路电阻计算式中不包含任何电池自身的状态/参 数,而只与电池电压有关。
同实施例三类似,在满足下述2个条件中任意一个或多个条件时,公式(42)可以进一步简化为:
条件3:辅助电池的电压V3(t)和目标电池V2(t)的电压差异较小。
例如,在电池的整个充放电时间段内,参考电池的电压和目标电池的电压在预设电压范围之内。该预设电压范围可以是3.1V至4.2V,也可以是3.0V至4.5V,或者为其他的变化幅值不大于第三电压阈值的电压范围。例如,当预设电压范围为3.1V至4.2V,电池的电压的变化范围不大于自身最大电压的30%,可以假设参考电池和目标电池在同一时刻或不同时刻电压都相等,近似为固定值。进而,上述积分计算转换为时间差,此时,计算结果虽然牺牲了精度,但简化了计算过程。
条件4:第一时刻t1与第七时刻t7之间的时间差、第二时刻t2与第八时刻t8之间的时间差都不大于第一时长。其中,第一时长或第二时长可以为30s、60s、180s、300s或其他时长,本申请实施例不作限定。也就是说,第一时刻t1与第七时刻t7非常接近,第二时刻t2与第八时刻t8非常接近,此时,目标电池的电压和辅助电池的电压近似相等,将上述积分计算转换为时间差,在简化计算过程的同时,计算结果也可保证一定的精度。
应理解,本申请实施例中还可以基于上述公式进行演变得到可适用于特殊场景下的其他的形式的内电阻的计算方法,此处,不做限定。
需要说明的是,上述实施例三和实施例四描述了检测电池组内短路的方可以实现定量计算电池的内短路电阻。电池管理模块在计算得到目标电池的内短路电阻后,电池管理模块可以根据计算得到的内短路电阻判断目标电池的内短路程度,并基于内短路程度分级警报。例如上述实施例一中表3描述的分级警报的具体实现,即:当目标电池的内短路电阻大于预设阻值,电池管理模块可以向车辆控制器上报用于指示电池组内存在内短路的电池的指示信息,车辆控制器在接收到该指示信息后,若车辆处于行驶状态,则可以通过显示装置或扩音器输出用于提示用户电池故障或电池发生内短路的提示信息,例如通过车辆仪表屏显示该提示信息;若车辆处于充电状态,则向车辆绑定的终端,例如手机发送用于提示用户电池故障或电池发生内短路的提示信息,此时,车辆控制器也可以停止充电。
下面描述本申请实施例涉及的装置。
如图9所示的电池组内短路的检测装置,该装置90具体可以是电动车或电子设备,也可以是电动车或电子设备中的器件,如图1中电池管理模块213或整车控制器24、又例如图4所示的控制器45或电池管理模块44;还可以是独立设置于电动车或电子设备中的芯片,该电池组内短路的检测装置可以包括处理器901、存储器902,处理器901通过总线903连接到存储器902。
存储器902可以是只读存储器(Read Only Memory,ROM),静态存储设备,动态存储设备或者随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)。存储器902可以存储程序,当存储器902中存储的程序被处理器901执行时,处理器901用于执行本申请实施例一所 述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤。
处理器901可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU),微处理器,应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路,用于执行相关程序,以执行本申请方法实施例一所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
处理器901还可以是一种集成电路芯片,具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中,本申请实施例一所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤络可以通过处理器901中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器901还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成,或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器,闪存、只读存储器,可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器902,处理器901读取存储器902中的信息,结合其硬件执行本申请方法实施例一所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,装置900还可以包括通信接口904,通信接口904使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置,来实现装置900与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如,可以通过通信接口904向终端(例如手机)发送提示信息。
可选地,装置900还可以包括电压采集模块905,该电压采集模块905耦合电池组,用于采集电池组内每一个电池的端电压。应理解,电压采集模块905可以是装置900的一部分,也可以脱离装置900。
总线903可包括在装置900各个部件(例如,存储器902、处理器901、通信接口904、电压采集模块905等)之间传送信息的通路。
具体的,处理器901用于执行:
在对电池组第一次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块905获取参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2);
根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
可选地,若所述第二电压V2(t1)与所述第三电压V2(t2)之差大于第一阈值,则确定所述目标电池存在内短路。
进一步地,处理器901还可以计算电池组内发送内短路的目标电池的内短路电阻,或者计算电池组内任意一个或多个电池的内短路电阻,计算内短路电阻的具体实现可参见上述实施例三或实施例四中相关描述,本申请实施例不再赘述。
装置900各个部件的具体功能的实现可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。
如图10所示的电池组内短路的检测装置,该装置100具体可以是电动车或电子设备,也可以是电动车或电子设备中的器件,如图1中电池管理模块213或整车控制器24、又例如图4所示的控制器45或电池管理模块44;还可以是独立设置于电动车或电子设备中的芯片,该电池组内短路的检测装置可以包括处理器1001、存储器1002,处理器1001通过总线1003连接到存储器1002。
存储器1002可以是只读存储器(Read Only Memory,ROM),静态存储设备,动态存储设备或者随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)。存储器1002可以存储程序,当存储器1002中存储的程序被处理器1001执行时,处理器1001用于执行本申请实施例二所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤。
处理器1001可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU),微处理器,应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路,用于执行相关程序,以执行本申请方法实施例二所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
处理器1001还可以是一种集成电路芯片,具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中,本申请实施例一、实施例二、实施例三或实施例四所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤络可以通过处理器1001中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1001还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成,或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器,闪存、只读存储器,可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1002,处理器1001读取存储器1002中的信息,结合其硬件执行本申请方法实施例二所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,装置1000还可以包括通信接口1004,通信接口1004使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置,来实现装置1000与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如,可以通过通信接口1004向终端(例如手机)发送提示信息。
可选地,装置1000还可以包括电压采集模块1005,该电压采集模块1005耦合电池组,用于采集电池组内每一个电池的端电压。应理解,电压采集模块1005可以是装置1000的一部分,也可以脱离装置1000。
总线1003可包括在装置1000各个部件(例如,存储器1002、处理器1001、通信接口1004、电压采集模块1005等)之间传送信息的通路。
具体的,处理器1001用于执行:
在对电池组第一次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块1005获取参考电池和目标电池的端 电压,其中,所述目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);
根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
可选地,若所述第五电压V1(t3)与所述第六电压V1(t4)之差大于第二阈值,则确定所述目标电池存在内短路。
进一步地,处理器1001还可以计算电池组内发送内短路的目标电池的内短路电阻,或者计算电池组内任意一个或多个电池的内短路电阻,计算内短路电阻的具体实现可参见上述实施例三或实施例四中相关描述,本申请实施例不再赘述。
装置1000各个部件的具体功能的实现可以参见上述实施例一中相关描述,此处不再赘述。
如图11所示的电池组内短路的检测装置,该装置110具体可以是电动车或电子设备,也可以是电动车或电子设备中的器件,如图1中电池管理模块213或整车控制器24、又例如图4所示的控制器45或电池管理模块44;还可以是独立设置于电动车或电子设备中的芯片,,该电池组内短路的检测装置可以包括处理器1101、存储器1102,处理器1101通过总线1103连接到存储器1102。
存储器1102可以是只读存储器(Read Only Memory,ROM),静态存储设备,动态存储设备或者随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)。存储器1102可以存储程序,当存储器1102中存储的程序被处理器1101执行时,处理器1101用于执行本申请实施例三所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤。
处理器1101可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU),微处理器,应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路,用于执行相关程序,以执行本申请方法实施例二所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
处理器1101还可以是一种集成电路芯片,具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中,本申请实施例二所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤络可以通过处理器1101中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1101还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成,或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器,闪存、只读存储器,可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1102,处理器1101读取存储器1102中的信息,结合其硬件执行本申请 方法实施例三所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,装置1100还可以包括通信接口1104,通信接口1104使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置,来实现装置1100与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如,可以通过通信接口1104向终端(例如手机)发送提示信息。
可选地,装置1100还可以包括电压采集模块1105,该电压采集模块1105耦合电池组,用于采集电池组内每一个电池的端电压。应理解,电压采集模块1105可以是装置1100的一部分,也可以脱离装置1100。
总线1103可包括在装置1100各个部件(例如,存储器1102、处理器1101、通信接口1104、电压采集模块1105等)之间传送信息的通路。
具体的,处理器1101用于执行:
在对电池组第一次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块1105获取参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述目标电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;
在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过所述参考电池对应的均衡电路对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并通过电压采集模块1105获取所述参考电池在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻;
在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块1105获取所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V
set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);
根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
装置1100各个部件的具体功能的实现可以参见上述实施例三中相关描述,此处不再赘述。
如图12所示的电池组内短路的检测装置,该装置120具体可以是电动车或电子设备,也可以是电动车或电子设备中的器件,如图1中电池管理模块213或整车控制器24、又例如图4所示的控制器45或电池管理模块44;还可以是独立设置于电动车或电子设备中的芯片,该电池组内短路的检测装置可以包括处理器1201、存储器1202,处理器1201通过总线1203连接到存储器1202。
存储器1202可以是只读存储器(Read Only Memory,ROM),静态存储设备,动态存储设备或者随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory,RAM)。存储器1202可以存储程序,当存储器1202中存储的程序被处理器1201执行时,处理器1201用于执行本申请实施例四所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤。
处理器1201可以采用通用的中央处理器(Central Processing Unit,CPU),微处理器, 应用专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit,ASIC),图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)或者一个或多个集成电路,用于执行相关程序,以执行本申请方法实施例四所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
处理器1201还可以是一种集成电路芯片,具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中,本申请实施例四所述的检测电池组内短路的方法中的各个步骤络可以通过处理器1201中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器1201还可以是通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processing,DSP)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成,或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件模块组合执行完成。软件模块可以位于随机存储器,闪存、只读存储器,可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器1202,处理器1201读取存储器1202中的信息,结合其硬件执行本申请方法实施例四所述的检测电池组内短路的方法。
可选地,装置1200还可以包括通信接口1204,通信接口1204使用例如但不限于收发器一类的收发装置,来实现装置1200与其他设备或通信网络之间的通信。例如,可以通过通信接口1204向终端(例如手机)发送提示信息。
可选地,装置1200还可以包括电压采集模块1205,该电压采集模块1205耦合电池组,用于采集电池组内每一个电池的端电压。
总线1203可包括在装置1200各个部件(例如,存储器1202、处理器1201、通信接口1204、电压采集模块1205等)之间传送信息的通路。
具体的,处理器1201用于执行:
在对电池组第一次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块1205获取参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述电池组包括所述辅助电池、所述目标电池和所述参考电池;
在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过所述辅助电池对应的均衡电路对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并通过电压采集模块1205获取所述辅助电池在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;
在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中,通过电压采集模块1205获取所述参考电池、所述目标电池和所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V
set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);
根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
装置1200各个部件的具体功能的实现可以参见上述实施例四中相关描述,此处不再赘 述。
应注意,尽管图9至图12所示的装置900、1000、1100和1200仅仅示出了存储器、处理器、通信接口,但是在具体实现过程中,本领域的技术人员应当理解,装置900、1000、1100和1200还包括实现正常运行所必须的其他器件。同时,根据具体需要,本领域的技术人员应当理解,装置900、1000、1100和1200还可包括实现其他附加功能的硬件器件。此外,本领域的技术人员应当理解,装置900、1000、1100和1200也可仅仅包括实现本申请实施例所必须的器件,而不必包括图9、图10、图11或图12所示的装置中所示的全部器件。
例如,装置900、1000、1100和1200还可包括用户接口。用户接口用于向装置900、1000、1100或1200的用户提供信息或从其接收信息。可选地,用户接口可包括在***设备的集合内的一个或多个输入/输出设备,例如无线通信***、车载电脑麦克风和扬声器。
可选地,在装置900、1000、1100和1200识别到目标电池存在内短路或计算得到目标电池的内短路电阻大于预设阻值时,可以通过通信接口向终端,比如手机等发送提示信息,也可以通过***设备输出提示信息以提示用户,比如显示屏显示提示信息等。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,电池组内短路的检测装置与电池组、均衡电路模块、电压采集模块设置于同一设备,比如电动车,此时电池组内短路的检测装置可以通过电压采集模块采集电池组内每一个电池的电压,进而识别电池是否存在内短路,计算电池的内短路电阻。
在本申请实施例的一种实现中,电池组内短路的检测装置可以是服务器或云端等,电动车或者终端可以包括电池组、均衡电路模块、电压采集模块和通信接口,电动车或者终端可以通过电压采集模块采集电池组内每一个电池的电压,并将该电压发送至电池组内短路的检测装置,电池组内短路的检测装置根据采集的电压识别电池是否存在内短路,计算电池的内短路电阻。
本领域技术人员能够领会,结合本文公开描述的各种说明性逻辑框、模块和算法步骤所描述的功能可以硬件、软件、固件或其任何组合来实施。如果以软件来实施,那么各种说明性逻辑框、模块、和步骤描述的功能可作为一或多个指令或代码在计算机可读媒体上存储或传输,且由基于硬件的处理单元执行。计算机可读媒体可包含计算机可读存储媒体,其对应于有形媒体,例如数据存储媒体,或包括任何促进将计算机程序从一处传送到另一处的媒体(例如,根据通信协议)的通信媒体。以此方式,计算机可读媒体大体上可对应于(1)非暂时性的有形计算机可读存储媒体,或(2)通信媒体,例如信号或载波。数据存储媒体可为可由一或多个计算机或一或多个处理器存取以检索用于实施本申请中描述的技术的指令、代码和/或数据结构的任何可用媒体。计算机程序产品可包含计算机可读媒体。
作为实例而非限制,此类计算机可读存储媒体可包括RAM、ROM、EEPROM、CD-ROM或其它光盘存储装置、磁盘存储装置或其它磁性存储装置、快闪存储器或可用来存储指令或数据结构的形式的所要程序代码并且可由计算机存取的任何其它媒体。并且,任何连接被恰当地称作计算机可读媒体。举例来说,如果使用同轴缆线、光纤缆线、双绞线、数字订户线(DSL)或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术从网站、服务器或其它远程源传输指令,那么同轴缆线、光纤缆线、双绞线、DSL或例如红外线、无线电和微波等无线技术包 含在媒体的定义中。但是,应理解,所述计算机可读存储媒体和数据存储媒体并不包括连接、载波、信号或其它暂时媒体,而是实际上针对于非暂时性有形存储媒体。如本文中所使用,磁盘和光盘包含压缩光盘(CD)、激光光盘、光学光盘、数字多功能光盘(DVD)和蓝光光盘,其中磁盘通常以磁性方式再现数据,而光盘利用激光以光学方式再现数据。以上各项的组合也应包含在计算机可读媒体的范围内。
可通过例如一或多个数字信号处理器(DSP)、通用微处理器、专用集成电路(ASIC)、现场可编程逻辑阵列(FPGA)或其它等效集成或离散逻辑电路等一或多个处理器来执行指令。因此,如本文中所使用的术语“处理器”可指前述结构或适合于实施本文中所描述的技术的任一其它结构中的任一者。另外,在一些方面中,本文中所描述的各种说明性逻辑框、模块、和步骤所描述的功能可以提供于经配置以用于编码和解码的专用硬件和/或软件模块内,或者并入在组合编解码器中。而且,所述技术可完全实施于一或多个电路或逻辑元件中。
本申请的技术可在各种各样的装置或设备中实施,包含无线手持机、集成电路(IC)或一组IC(例如,芯片组)。本申请中描述各种组件、模块或单元是为了强调用于执行所揭示的技术的装置的功能方面,但未必需要由不同硬件单元实现。实际上,如上文所描述,各种单元可结合合适的软件和/或固件组合在编码解码器硬件单元中,或者通过互操作硬件单元(包含如上文所描述的一或多个处理器)来提供。
以上所述,仅为本申请示例性的具体实施方式,但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此,任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内,可轻易想到的变化或替换,都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此,本申请的保护范围应该以权利要求的保护范围为准。
Claims (36)
- 一种检测电池组内短路的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2);根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路包括:若所述第二电压V2(t1)与所述第三电压V2(t2)之差大于第一阈值,则所述目标电池存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一次充电过程中,所述目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3);在所述第二次充电过程中,所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);所述方法还包括:在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻,所述第六时刻t6为第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电之后,根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在所述对电池组第一次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述辅助电池的电压高于所述目标电池的电压;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻,所述第八时刻t8为所述第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电过程中,检测所述辅助电池的电压,所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 一种测量电池组内短路的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的端电压,其中,所述目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路包括:若所述第五电压V1(t3)与所述第六电压V1(t4)之差大于第二阈值,则所述目标电池存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述第一次充电过程中,所述参考电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1);在所述第二次充电过程中,所述参考电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第三电压V2(t2);所述方法还包括:在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻,所述第六时刻t6为所述第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电之后,根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求5或6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在所述对电池组第一次充电过程中,检测辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set2,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述辅助电池的电压高于所述目标电池的电压;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电过程中,检测所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2),所述第二时刻t2为所述第八时刻t8之后的时刻;根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 一种检测电池组内短路的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述目标电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过所述参考电池对应的均衡电路对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻,具体包括:根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),计算所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t1和所述第四时刻t4的电压差异;根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),计算所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异;计算所述参考电池的电压在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的积分值、所述目标电池的电压在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2的积分值、所述目标电池的电压在所述第三时刻t3至所述第四时刻t4的积分值;根据所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t1和所述第四时刻t4的电压差异、所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异、所述参考电池的电压在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的积分值、所述目标电池的电压在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2的积分值以及所述目标电池的电压在所述第三时刻t3至所述第四时刻t4的积分值,计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求9-11任一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在对所述参考电池进行均衡放电过程中,测量所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在所述第六时刻t6停止对所述辅助电池的均衡放电,所述第六时刻t6使得所述辅助电池在所述第六时刻t6的电压与所述电池组内电池在所述第六时刻t6的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
- 根据权利要求9-12任一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:根据在所述第一次充电过程中测量到的所述电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定所述辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池,以及确定所述目标电池为所述电池组存在内短路的任意一个电池。
- 一种检测电池组内短路的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括:在对电池组第一次充电过程中测量参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述电池组包括所述辅助电池、所述目标电池和所述参考电池;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过所述辅助电池对应的均衡电路对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述辅助电池在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池、所述目标电池和所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求14所述的方法,其特征在于,所述根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻,具体包括:根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),计算所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异;根据所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2),计算所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异;计算所述辅助电池的电压在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的积分值、所述目标电池的电压在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2的积分值;根据所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异、所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1和所述第二时刻t2的电压差异、所述辅助电池的电压在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的积分值和所述目标电池的电压在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2的积分值计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求14-16任一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:在对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电过程中,测量所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在所述第八时刻t8停止对所述辅助电池的均衡放电,所述第八时刻t8使得所述辅助电池在所述第八时刻t8的电压与所述电池组内电池在所述第八时刻t8的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
- 根据权利要求14-17任一项权利要求所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括:根据在所述第一次充电过程中测量到的所述电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定所述辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池,确定所述目标电池为所述电池组存在内短路的任意一个电池,以及确定所述参考电池为所述电池组中除所述辅助电池和所述目标电池之外的任意一个电池。
- 一种电池组内短路的检测装置,其特征在于,包括:处理器和存储器,所述存储器用于存储供所述处理器调用的数据和程序代码;所述处理器用于:在对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2);根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述根据所述第二电压V2(t1)和所述第三电压V2(t2),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路,具体包括执行:若所述第二电压V2(t1)与所述第三电压V2(t2)之差大于第一阈值,则确定所述目标电池存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求19或20所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述第一次充电过程中,所述目标电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3);在所述第二次充电过程中,所述目标电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);所述处理器还用于执行:在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6控制所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻,所述第六时刻t6为第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电之后,根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求19或20所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:在所述对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取辅助电池的电压,其中,所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述辅助电池的电压高于所述目标电池的电压;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,控制所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并获取所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻,所述第八时刻t8为所述第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电过程中,获取所述辅助电池的电压,所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 一种电池组内短路的检测装置,其特征在于,包括:处理器和存储器,其中,所述存储器用于存储数据和程序代码,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器存储的程序代码执行:在对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取参考电池和目标电池的端电压,其中,所述目标电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;以及,在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中测量所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为所述第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t4的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求23所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器执行所述根据所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4),判断所述目标电池是否存在内短路具体包括:若所述第五电压V1(t3)与所述第六电压V1(t4)之差大于第二阈值,则确定所述目标电池存在内短路。
- 根据权利要求23或24所述的装置,其特征在于,在所述第一次充电过程中,所述参考电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1);在所述第二次充电过程中,所述参考电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第三电压V2(t2);所述处理器还用于执行:在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6控制所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并测量所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻,所述第六时刻t6为所述第二时刻t2之前的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电之后,根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求23或24所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:在所述对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set2,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),所述辅助电池的电压高于所述目标电池的电压;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,控制所述辅助电池进行均衡放电,并获取所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;在对所述电池组第二次充电过程中,获取所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2),所述第二时刻t2为所述第八时刻t8之后的时刻;根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 一种电池组内短路的检测装置,其特征在于,包括:处理器和存储器,所述存储器用于存储所述供处理器调用的数据和程序代码,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器存储的程序代码执行:在对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取参考电池和目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述目标电池在所述第三时刻t3的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在第三时刻t3的电压值为第五电压V1(t3),所述电池组包括所述参考电池和所述目标电池;在第五时刻t5至第六时刻t6,通过所述参考电池对应的均衡电路对所述参考电池进行均衡放电,并获取所述参考电池在所述第五时刻t5至所述第六时刻t6的电压,所述第五时刻t5为所述第三时刻t3之后的时刻;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中,获取所述参考电池和所述目标电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述目标电池在第四时刻t4的电压值为第四电压V set2,所述参考电池在所述第四时刻t2的电压值为第六电压V1(t4);根据所述参考电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第四时刻t4测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第五电压V1(t3)和所述第六电压V1(t4)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求27或28所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:在对所述参考电池进行均衡放电过程中,计算所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在所述第六时刻t6停止对所述辅助电池的均衡放电,所述第六时刻t6使得所述辅助电池在所述第六时刻t6的电压与所述电池组内电池在所述第六时刻t6的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
- 根据权利要求27-29任一项权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:根据在所述第一次充电过程中获取到的所述电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定所述参考电池为最大的电压值对应电池,以及确定所述目标电池为所述电池组存在内短路的任意一个电池。
- 一种电池组内短路的检测装置,其特征在于,所述装置包括:处理器和存储器,其中,所述存储器用于存储数据和程序代码,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器存储的程序代码执行:在对电池组第一次充电过程中,获取参考电池、目标电池和辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第一时刻t1的电压值为第二电压V2(t1),所述辅助电池在第一时刻t1的电压值为第七电压V3(t1),,所述电池组包括所述辅助电池、所述目标电池和所述参考电池;在第七时刻t7至第八时刻t8,通过所述辅助电池对应的均衡电路对所述辅助电池进行 均衡放电,并获取所述辅助电池在所述第七时刻t7至所述第八时刻t8的电压,所述第七时刻t7为所述第一时刻t1之后的时刻;在对所述电池组进行第二次充电过程中,获取所述参考电池、所述目标电池和所述辅助电池的电压,其中,所述参考电池在第二时刻t2的电压值为所述第一电压V set1,所述目标电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第三电压V2(t2),所述辅助电池在所述第二时刻t2的电压值为第八电压V3(t2);根据所述辅助电池在均衡放电过程中的电压、在所述第一时刻t1至所述第二时刻t2测量到的所述目标电池的电压、所述第七电压V3(t1)和所述第八电压V3(t2)计算所述目标电池的内短路电阻。
- 根据权利要求31或32所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:在对所述辅助电池进行均衡放电过程中,获取所述电池组内电池的平均电阻;在所述第八时刻t8停止对所述辅助电池的均衡放电,所述第八时刻t8使得所述辅助电池在所述第八时刻t8的电压与所述电池组内电池在所述第八时刻t8的平均电压的差值不大于预设阈值。
- 根据权利要求31-33任一项权利要求所述的装置,其特征在于,所述处理器还用于执行:根据在所述第一次充电过程中测量到的所述电池组内每一个电池的电压,确定所述辅助电池为最大的电压值对应电池,确定所述目标电池为所述电池组存在内短路的任意一个电池,以及确定所述参考电池为所述电池组中除所述辅助电池和所述目标电池之外的任意一个电池。
- 一种检测电池组内短路电阻的***,其特征在于,包括:多个电池串联形成的电池组、与所述电池组中每一个电池分别耦合的均衡电路、电压采集模块、存储器以及处理器;其中,所述电压采集模块用于获取所述电池组内每一个电池的电压;所述存储器用于存储数据和程序代码,所述处理器用于调用所述存储器存储的数据和程序代码,执行如权利要求1-16任一项权利要求所述的检测电池组内短路电阻的方法。
- 一种电动车,其特征在于,包括:如权利要求31-35所述的任意一种检测电池组内短路电阻的***。
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CN112881941A (zh) * | 2021-01-08 | 2021-06-01 | 东莞市嘉仕新能电子仪器设备有限公司 | 能够探测电芯毛细短路的绝缘测试方法以及相应的电池导通绝缘检测仪 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US12049182B1 (en) | 2023-09-25 | 2024-07-30 | Altec Industries, Inc. | Systems, methods, and devices for current monitoring and power control |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3943961A4 (en) | 2022-05-25 |
CN111856316A (zh) | 2020-10-30 |
CN111856316B (zh) | 2021-10-26 |
US20220016996A1 (en) | 2022-01-20 |
EP3943961A1 (en) | 2022-01-26 |
EP3943961B1 (en) | 2024-07-24 |
JP2022528879A (ja) | 2022-06-16 |
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