WO2019004420A1 - ヘテロ二本鎖型antimiR - Google Patents
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to double stranded nucleic acid complexes that inhibit the function of target microRNAs.
- the antisense method selectively expresses the expression of a protein encoded by a target gene by introducing into the cell an oligonucleotide (for example, an antisense oligonucleotide) complementary to a partial sequence of the mRNA sense strand of the target gene.
- an oligonucleotide for example, an antisense oligonucleotide
- antisense oligonucleotides targeted to miRNA can be introduced into cells, and the function of miRNA can be inhibited by binding to miRNA.
- MiR-122 is a miRNA that is highly expressed in the liver.
- miR-122 is important for the stability and growth of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA and when single-stranded antisense oligonucleotides targeting miR-122 are administered to chronically infected patients with HCV genotype 1 It has also been reported that the HCV RNA concentration decreases (Non-patent Document 1).
- HCV hepatitis C virus
- [7] The double-stranded nucleic acid complex according to any one of [1] to [6], wherein the sugar-modified nucleoside comprises a 2′-O-methylated sugar.
- [8] The double stranded nucleic acid complex according to any one of [1] to [7], wherein the mixmer is a BNA / DNA mixmer.
- Strand nucleic acid complex [10] A pharmaceutical composition comprising the double stranded nucleic acid complex according to any one of [1] to [9] and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the present specification includes the disclosure content of Japanese Patent Application No. 2017-129594 based on which the priority of the present application is based.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the dose of nucleic acid agent and relative miR-122 levels, as described in Example 2. Error bars indicate standard error.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the results of an experiment for evaluating the ability of a nucleic acid agent to bind to a target miRNA, as described in Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of experiments to evaluate the desuppression effect of the miR-122-targeted double stranded nucleic acid complex on miR-122 downstream target genes described in Example 4. . "**" shows p ⁇ 0.01. Error bars indicate standard error.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the dose of nucleic acid agent and relative miR-122 levels, as described in Example 2. Error bars indicate standard error.
- FIG. 6 is a photograph showing the results of an experiment for evaluating the ability of a nucleic acid agent to bind to a target miRNA, as described in Example 3.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing the results of experiments
- FIG. 11 is a schematic view of a structure of a nucleic acid agent used in Example 6. From the left, for each nucleic acid agent, the name of the nucleic acid agent, the name of the oligonucleotide constituting the nucleic acid agent, and the structure are shown.
- FIG. 12 is a graph showing the results of experiments to evaluate the desuppression effect of the miR-21-targeted double-stranded nucleic acid complex on miR-21 downstream target genes described in Example 6. . "*" Shows p ⁇ 0.05 and "**” shows p ⁇ 0.01. Error bars indicate standard error.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a structure of a nucleic acid agent used in Example 7.
- FIG. 21-1 is a schematic view of a structure of a nucleic acid agent used in Example 11.
- FIG. 22 is a graph showing the results of experiments described in Example 11 that show the target miRNA (miR-122) inhibitory effect of the nucleic acid complex according to a specific embodiment.
- "*" Shows p ⁇ 0.05 and "**” shows p ⁇ 0.01. Error bars indicate standard error.
- FIG. 23-1 is a schematic view of a structure of a nucleic acid agent used in Example 12.
- the present invention relates to nucleic acid complexes.
- the nucleic acid complex comprises a first nucleic acid strand and a second nucleic acid strand complementary to the first nucleic acid strand.
- the first nucleic acid strand can be annealed to the second nucleic acid strand to form a double stranded structure and form a double stranded nucleic acid complex.
- nucleic acid strand refers to an oligonucleotide.
- MicroRNA is a single-stranded non-coding RNA about 20-25 bases in length.
- the miRNA pathway can be described as follows. First, single-stranded RNAs of several hundred to several thousand bases in length are transcribed from miRNA genes on the genome. The transcribed RNA forms a stem-loop structure and is called pri-miRNA (primary miRNA). Next, RNase III-like enzyme (Drosha) in the nucleus cleaves part of the pri-miRNA molecule to generate pre-miRNA (precursor miRNA) having a stem-loop structure of about 70 bases in length. The pre-miRNA molecule is then transported from within the cell nucleus to the cytoplasm by a transport protein (Exportin-5).
- a transport protein Exportin-5
- natural nucleosides include deoxyribonucleosides found in DNA and ribonucleosides found in RNA.
- deoxyribonucleoside and ribonucleoside may also be referred to as “DNA nucleoside” and “RNA nucleoside”, respectively.
- modified internucleoside linkage refers to an internucleoside linkage having a substitution or any change from a naturally occurring internucleoside linkage (ie, a phosphodiester linkage). Modified internucleoside linkages include internucleoside linkages that include a phosphorus atom, and internucleoside linkages that do not include a phosphorus atom.
- “2′-modified sugar” means a furanosyl sugar modified at the 2 ′ position.
- 2′-O-methylated sugars can be mentioned.
- the number, type and position of non-naturally occurring nucleotides in the nucleic acid strand can influence the antisense effect etc provided by the nucleic acid complex of the present invention.
- the choice of modification may vary depending, for example, on the sequence of the target miRNA, but one skilled in the art will be aware of documents related to the antisense method (eg, WO 2007/143315, WO 2008/043753 and WO 2008/049085)
- the preferred embodiment can be determined by reference to.
- the measurement of antisense effect is to introduce a test nucleic acid compound into a cell or a subject (eg, a mouse) and measure the level of target miRNA in the cell using known techniques such as northern blotting and quantitative PCR as appropriate. Can be implemented, for example as shown in the following examples.
- a test nucleic acid compound if the amount of mRNA or protein measured is increased by at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40% or at least 50% as compared to a negative control (e.g. vehicle administration or no treatment) Is shown to be able to bring about an antisense effect.
- a negative control e.g. vehicle administration or no treatment
- the nucleosides that make up the first nucleic acid chain may be naturally occurring nucleosides (natural deoxyribonucleosides, natural ribonucleosides, or both) and / or non-naturally occurring nucleosides.
- LNA / DNA mixmer a mixmer composed of natural deoxyribonucleosides and LNA nucleosides is referred to as "LNA / DNA mixmer”.
- a mixmer does not necessarily have to be restricted to contain only two nucleosides.
- a mixmer may comprise any number of nucleosides, whether natural or modified nucleosides or nucleoside mimetics.
- the mixmer does not contain 4 or more consecutive natural nucleosides.
- the mixmer may be free of three or more consecutive natural nucleosides.
- the mixmer does not comprise 3 or more or 4 or more consecutive natural deoxyribonucleosides.
- the mixmer does not comprise 3 or more or 4 or more consecutive natural ribonucleosides.
- containing two modified internucleoside linkages consecutively from the 5 ′ end means an internucleoside linkage closest to the 5 ′ end and a position adjacent to it at the 3 ′ end direction.
- Internucleoside linkage is a modified internucleoside linkage.
- a modified internucleoside linkage at such an end is preferred as it can prevent unwanted degradation of the nucleic acid strand.
- At least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% of the internucleoside linkages of the first nucleic acid strand may be modified internucleoside linkages.
- the modified internucleoside linkage may be a phosphorothioate linkage.
- the second nucleic acid strand is at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, at least five, at least six, at least seven, at least eight, at least nine, or at least ten sugar modifications It may contain a nucleoside.
- the second nucleic acid strand comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five, such as 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 sugar-modified nucleosides consecutively from the 5 'end. May be included.
- the second nucleic acid strand comprises at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five, such as 1 to 5 or 1 to 3 sugar-modified nucleosides consecutively from the 3 'end May be included.
- nucleoside located closest to the 5' end and a 3 'end direction adjacent thereto.
- Nucleoside refers to a sugar modified nucleoside.
- Sugar-modified nucleosides at such ends are preferred as they can prevent unwanted degradation of the nucleic acid strand.
- the second nucleic acid strand is Or at least one modified internucleoside bond continuously from the 5 'end and at least one modified internucleoside bond continuously from the 3' end, Whether it contains at least one modified internucleoside bond sequentially from the 5 'end and at least one sugar modified nucleoside continuously from the 3' end, Containing at least one sugar-modified nucleoside continuously from the 5 'end and containing at least one modified internucleoside bond continuously from the 3' end, or at least one sugar-modified nucleoside continuously from the 5 'end And at least one sugar-modified nucleoside in sequence from the 3 ′ end.
- the second nucleic acid strand is Comprising at least one modified internucleoside bond and at least one sugar-modified nucleoside in succession from the 5 'end, and Consecutively from the 3 'end, it may comprise at least one modified internucleoside linkage and at least one sugar modified nucleoside.
- the second nucleic acid strand may comprise at least one, at least two, at least three, at least four, or at least five (eg consecutive) naturally occurring ribonucleosides.
- the second nucleic acid strand is 1 to 15, 1 to 13, 1 to 9, 1 to 8, 2 to 7, 3 to 6, or 4 to 5 (eg, consecutive) natural ribonucleosides May be included.
- Consecutive natural ribonucleosides may be linked by phosphodiester bonds or linked by modified internucleoside linkages.
- At least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100% of the nucleosides that make up the second nucleic acid strand are naturally occurring nucleosides (eg, natural ribonucleosides) ) May be.
- the second nucleic acid strand may comprise any combination of modified internucleoside linkages and sugar modified nucleosides described above.
- the second nucleic acid strand may be cleavable by enzymes in vivo. Also, the second nucleic acid strand may be one which hybridizes efficiently to the first nucleic acid strand prior to cleavage and which is efficiently separated from the first nucleic acid strand after cleavage.
- the second nucleic acid strand may comprise non-naturally occurring nucleosides having the appropriate binding affinity to allow this hybridization and dissociation.
- sugars eg, glucose and Sucrose
- nucleic acid complex of a specific embodiment of the present invention can be delivered to various organs with high specificity and high efficiency by binding to various proteins present on the cell surface of various organs.
- “functional moieties” include peptides or proteins, such as receptor ligands and antibodies and / or fragments thereof.
- the nucleic acid according to some embodiments of the present invention designs each base sequence of the nucleic acid based on the information of the base sequence of the target miRNA, and the commercially available automatic nucleic acid synthesizer (Thermo Fisher Scientific (Thermo Fisher Scientific), a product of Beckman Coulter, Inc., etc.), and then using the resulting oligonucleotide as reverse phase column etc. It can be produced by purification.
- Thermo Fisher Scientific The nucleic acid is synthesized by using a product of Thermo Fisher Scientific), a product of Beckman Coulter, Inc., etc.
- nucleic acid strand can also be ordered from a manufacturer (eg, Gene Design) and obtained by specifying the nucleotide sequence and the modification site or type.
- transcription from a gene produces a pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) consisting of exons and introns, introns are removed from the pre-mRNA in the cell nucleus (spliced), a mature mRNA is produced, and then translated into a protein It occurs.
- mRNA pre-messenger RNA
- introns are removed from the pre-mRNA in the cell nucleus (spliced)
- a mature mRNA is produced, and then translated into a protein It occurs.
- the double stranded antisense nucleic acid having the above-mentioned exon skipping effect can enhance delivery into the cell nucleus and can provide an enhanced exon skipping effect (see WO 2014/203518).
- the administration mode of the composition is not particularly limited, and for example, oral administration or parenteral administration, more specifically, intravenous administration, intracerebroventricular administration, intrathecal administration, intrathecal administration, subcutaneous administration, Intraarterial administration, intraperitoneal administration, intradermal administration, tracheobronchial administration, rectal administration, intraocular administration, and intramuscular administration, administration by blood transfusion, and the like.
- the present invention also provides a method of treating or preventing a disease associated with increased target miRNA levels, comprising administering the nucleic acid complex or composition of some embodiments to a subject in need thereof.
- the antimiR used as a control in Example 1 is a 15-mer LNA / DNA mixmer (oligonucleotide name: LNA / DNA) complementary to positions 2 to 16 of mouse microRNA-122 (miR-122) (SEQ ID NO: 1) antimiR-122).
- the nucleosides that make up this LNA / DNA mixmer were 8 LNA nucleosides and 7 natural deoxyribonucleosides.
- This LNA / DNA mixmer is an oligonucleotide formed by linking these nucleosides via phosphorothioate linkages.
- This LNA / DNA mixmer has up to 2 consecutive LNA nucleosides and up to 2 consecutive DNA nucleosides ( Figure 3a).
- RNA was extracted from the liver.
- Total RNA (30 ⁇ g) from single-stranded and double-stranded drug administration groups was loaded in each lane and separated by electrophoresis on an 18% polyacrylamide / urea gel.
- the chemically synthesized mature miR-122 and a duplex prepared by heating and cooling the mature miR-122 and the antimiR used in Example 1 in advance were included in separate lanes as size markers.
- Example 4 (De-repressive effect of miR-122 targeting downstream target gene of miR-122 on double stranded nucleic acid complex) miR-122 repressively regulates the expression of aldolase A (ALDOA) and branched keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) mRNA (Elmen J et al., LNA-mediated microRNA silencing in non-human primates. Nature , 2008, 452 (7189): 896-899).
- ADOA aldolase A
- BCKDK keto acid dehydrogenase kinase
- Example 6 The sequence, chemical modification and structure of the oligonucleotide used in Example 6 are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the double stranded agent was prepared as in Example 1.
- removal of mouse liver, extraction of RNA from liver, cDNA synthesis and quantitative RT-PCR were performed.
- the amount of mRNA of Spg20, Taf7, and internal standard gene ⁇ Actin (Act B) was quantified. Based on the results of the quantitative RT-PCR obtained, the Spg20 mRNA expression level is divided by the ⁇ Actin mRNA expression level, the Taf7 mRNA expression level is divided by the ⁇ Actin mRNA expression level, and the obtained value is the average value of each group And standard error were calculated.
- Example 7 The results of Example 7 are shown in the graph of FIG.
- the tocopherol-conjugated double-stranded agent Toc-HDO-antimiR showed statistically significant suppression of miR-122 expression as compared to single-stranded antimiR and Toc-antimiR.
- Example 9 The sequence, chemical modification and structure of the oligonucleotide used in Example 9 are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the double stranded agent was prepared as in Example 1.
- the mouse and miR-122 expression analysis methods used are the same as in Example 1. (result)
- the results of Example 9 are shown in the graph of FIG.
- Both double-stranded agents HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS) and HDO-antimiR (6OM 14PS) statistically significantly suppressed the expression of miR-122 as compared to single-chain antimiR. From this result, it was shown that a double-stranded nucleic acid complex in which all internucleoside linkages are phosphorothioate linkages can efficiently suppress the target miRNA.
- Example 10 Evaluation of the effect of the length of the continuous natural ribonucleoside of the second nucleic acid strand on the activity of the double stranded nucleic acid complex.
- the miR-122 inhibitory effect of two kinds of double-stranded agents was evaluated.
- the following three double-stranded agents were used:
- the second nucleic acid strand has one 2'-O-methyl ribonucleoside and one phosphorothioate linkage from the 5 'end to the native RNA, and one 2'- from the 3' end.
- Double-stranded agent (“HDO-antimiR (2OM 2 PS)", O-methyl ribonucleoside and one phosphorothioate bond (the second nucleic acid chain has a continuous natural ribonucleoside of 13 bases in length), Figure 19a);
- the second nucleic acid strand has three 2'-O-methyl ribonucleosides and three phosphorothioate linkages from the 5 'end to the native RNA, and 3' from the 3 'end.
- Double-stranded agent (“HDO-antimiR (6OM 6 PS)", O-methyl ribonucleoside and 3 phosphorothioate linkages (the second nucleic acid chain has a continuous natural ribonucleoside of 9 bases in length), Figure 19b); And the second nucleic acid strand has 5 2'-O-methyl ribonucleosides and 5 phosphorothioate linkages from the 5 'end to the native RNA, and 5' 2 'from the 3' end Double-stranded agent (“HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS)”, FIG. 19c), having —O-methyl ribonucleoside and 5 phosphorothioate linkages (the second nucleic acid chain has a continuous natural ribonucleoside of 5 bases in length) .
- Example 10 The sequence, chemical modification and structure of the oligonucleotide used in Example 10 are shown in Table 1 and FIG.
- the double stranded agent was prepared as in Example 1.
- Applicants use double stranded nucleic acid complexes comprising a first nucleic acid strand that hybridizes to the transcript and a second nucleic acid strand that is cleaved by RNase H to reduce transcript levels in the cell.
- double-stranded nucleic acid complex it is advantageous for the double-stranded nucleic acid complex to function that the second nucleic acid strand has a large number (for example, 7 or more consecutive) of natural ribonucleosides susceptible to degradation by RNase. It is expected to be.
- Example 11 The sequences of the oligonucleotides used in the following Examples 11-14 are summarized in Table 2. All oligonucleotides were commissioned by Gene Design (Osaka, Japan).
- Unmodified RNA in the central part is 13 bases long “HDO-antimiR (2OM 2PS), FIG. 21 a”, 11 bases long “HDO-antimiR (4OM 4 PS), FIG. 21 b”, 9 bases long “HDO-antimiR (6OM 6 PS) Fig. 21c “, 7 bases long” HDO-antimiR (8OM 8PS), Fig. 21d “, 5 bases long” HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS), Fig 21e “, 3 bases long” HDO-antimiR (12OM 12PS), Fig. 21f “, 1 base long” HDO-antimiR (14OM 14PS), Fig.
- the miR-122 inhibitory effect is the highest, especially in the "HDO-antimiR (10OM 10 PS)", in which the central unmodified RNA is 5 bases long, and the length of the central unmodified second RNA strand is optimal. It became clear that there existed.
- Example 12 In vivo experiments were conducted to verify the utility of double-stranded nucleic acid agents according to one embodiment, which differ in their ability to bind to the first strand of the second strand.
- Example 8 Using the “HDO-antimiR (0OM 6 PS)” used in Example 8 as a standard for double-stranded agents, two double-stranded agents were synthesized using the second strand as DNA. That is, “HDO-cDNA, FIG. 25 a” in which the second strand is all DNA, and “HDO-cDNA buldge, FIG. 25 b” in which all the second strand is DNA and includes a bulge region were synthesized.
- the target was the same miR-122 as in Example 1.
- the sequence, chemical modification and structure of the polynucleotide used in Example 13 are shown in Table 2 and FIG.
- the double stranded agent was prepared as in Example 1.
- Example 14 An in vivo experiment was conducted to test the usefulness of the double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to an embodiment of the present invention in organs other than the liver. Specifically, the usefulness of the double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to one embodiment targeting miR-21 used in Example 6 on the derepression effect on the expression of Taf7 mRNA which is a downstream target gene of miR-21. We performed in vivo experiments to test in the spleen and adrenal gland.
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Abstract
Description
[1]標的miRNAにハイブリダイズして、該標的miRNAの機能を阻害する、6~30塩基長の第1の核酸鎖、および
該第1の核酸鎖に相補的な第2の核酸鎖
を含む、二本鎖核酸複合体であって、
該第1の核酸鎖は、天然ヌクレオシドおよび非天然ヌクレオシドで構成されるミックスマーであり、
該第2の核酸鎖は、1つ以上の修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および1つ以上の糖修飾ヌクレオシドのうちの少なくとも一方を含む、二本鎖核酸複合体。
[2]前記第2の核酸鎖が、
(a)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、
(b)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、
(c)5'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、
(d)5'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、または
(e)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含む、[1]に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[3]前記第2の核酸鎖が、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、
3'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、さらに、
1個の天然リボヌクレオシド、またはホスホジエステル結合で連結された2~8個の連続した天然リボヌクレオシドを含む、[1]または[2]に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[4]前記第2の核酸鎖のヌクレオシド間結合の少なくとも50%が、修飾ヌクレオシド間結合である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[5]前記第1の核酸鎖のヌクレオシド間結合の少なくとも50%が、修飾ヌクレオシド間結合である、[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[6]前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合が、ホスホロチオエート結合である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[7]前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドが、2'-O-メチル化糖を含む、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[8]前記ミックスマーが、BNA/DNAミックスマーである、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[9]前記第2の核酸鎖が、標識機能、精製機能、および標的送達機能から選択される機能を有する機能性部分をさらに含む、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
[10][1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の二本鎖核酸複合体と、薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む、医薬組成物。
<核酸複合体>
本発明は、核酸複合体に関する。核酸複合体は、第1の核酸鎖と、第1の核酸鎖に相補的な第2の核酸鎖とを含む。第1の核酸鎖は、第2の核酸鎖とアニールして、二本鎖構造を形成し、二本鎖核酸複合体を形成し得る。
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、または
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含んでもよい。
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、または
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含んでもよい。
5'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、
3'末端から連続して少なくとも1つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および少なくとも1つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含んでもよい。
5'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、
3'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、さらに、
1個の天然リボヌクレオシド、またはホスホジエステル結合で連結された2~8個の連続した天然リボヌクレオシドを(例えば上記以外の位置に、例えば非末端位置に)含んでもよい。第2の核酸鎖は、例えばホスホジエステル結合で連結された3~7個、4個~6個、又は5個の連続した天然リボヌクレオシドを(例えば上記以外の位置に、例えば非末端位置に)含んでもよい。
<組成物および治療/予防方法>
本発明は、標的miRNAレベルを抑制する、または標的miRNAの機能を阻害するための、上記の核酸複合体を有効成分として含む組成物も提供する。組成物は医薬組成物であってもよい。本明細書では、用語「標的miRNAレベル」は、「標的miRNAの発現量」と互換的に用いられる。
(miR-122を標的とする二本鎖核酸複合体の、miR-122抑制効果)
一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。具体的には、一実施形態の二本鎖剤であるヘテロ二重鎖オリゴヌクレオチド-アンチセンスmiRNA(heteroduplex oligonucleotide-antimiR、以下「HDO-antimiR」と称する)のマイクロRNA抑制効果を、従来の一本鎖LNA/DNAミックスマー型のマイクロRNA抑制薬(以下「antimiR」と称する)を対照として用いて評価した。
(結果)
実施例1の結果を図4のグラフに示す。一本鎖antimiRおよび二本鎖剤HDO-antimiRは、陰性対照(PBSのみ)と比較して、miR-122レベルを抑制した。本発明の一実施形態に係る二本鎖HDO-antimiRは、一本鎖antimiRよりも統計的に有意にmiR-122レベルを抑制した。
[実施例2]
(50%有効量分析)
一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤について、50%のマイクロRNA抑制を達成する投与量(50%有効量、Effective dose 50%(ED50))を評価した。実施例1で用いた二本鎖HDO-antimiRを、一本鎖antimiRと比較して評価した。
(結果)
投与量および相対的miR-122レベルの関係を図5のグラフに示す。一本鎖antimiRのED50値は9.46nmol/kgであったのに対し、二本鎖HDO-antimiRのED50値は0.63nmol/kgであり、二本鎖HDO-antimiRが、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、約15倍の抑制効果の向上を示したことが示された。この結果から、本発明の一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸複合体は、従来の一本鎖ミックスマー型アンチセンス核酸と比べて、非常に強く、濃度依存的に、標的miRNAを抑制できることが示された。
[実施例3]
(標的miRNAへの結合能の評価)
一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤のmiRNA抑制効果向上の機序を検証する実験を行った。従来の一本鎖剤のmiRNA抑制薬は、miRNAのプロセッシング過程後の最終産物である成熟miRNAに直接結合して機能を阻害することが知られている。成熟miRNAに対するプローブを用いたノーザンブロット法によって、成熟標的miRNAへの二本鎖剤の結合能を、一本鎖剤と比較して評価した。
(結果)
実施例3の結果を図6に示す。一本鎖antimiR投与群から得られたRNAにおいて、多くの成熟miR-122は一本鎖のまま残存しており、成熟miR-122の一部のみがantimiRと結合していた。一方、二本鎖HDO-antimiR投与群から得られたRNAでは、成熟miR-122のほぼ全てがアンチセンス鎖と結合して二重鎖を形成していることが示された。
[実施例4]
(miR-122を標的とする二本鎖核酸複合体の、miR-122の下流標的遺伝子への脱抑制効果)
miR-122は、アルドラーゼA(ALDOA)および分岐鎖ケト酸デヒドロゲナーゼキナーゼ(BCKDK)mRNAの発現を抑制的に制御している(Elmen J et al., LNA-mediated microRNA silencing in non-human primates. Nature, 2008, 452(7189):896-899)。実施例1で用いた、miR-122を標的とするHDO-antimiRは、miR-122に結合してその機能を阻害し、結果的に、ALDOAおよびBCKDK mRNAの発現量は増加する(すなわち脱抑制される)ことが予測される。実施例1で用いた、miR-122を標的とするHDO-antimiRによる、ALDOAおよびBCKDK mRNAの発現量に対する脱抑制効果を評価した。ALDOA発現量と相関がある総血清コレステロール値も評価した(Elmen J et al., 上掲)。
(結果)
実施例4の結果を図7および8のグラフに示す。二本鎖剤HDO-antimiRは、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、miR-122の下流標的(ALDOAおよびBCKDK)mRNAの発現量の統計的に有意な上昇(すなわち下流標的遺伝子の脱抑制)を示した(図7aおよびb)。miR-122の下流標的(ALDOAおよびBCKDK)mRNAの発現量の上昇の程度は、用量0.35μmol/kgで、用量0.14μmol/kgよりも大きかった。
[実施例5]
(二本鎖核酸複合体による肝毒性および腎毒性の評価)
一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤による肝毒性および腎毒性を評価した。
(結果)
実施例5の結果を図9および10のグラフに示す。一本鎖antimiRと二本鎖HDO-antimiRはともに、AST、ALTおよび総ビリルビンに影響を与えず、肝毒性を示さなかった(図9a~c)。
[実施例6]
(miR-21を標的とする二本鎖核酸複合体の、miR-21の下流標的遺伝子への脱抑制効果)
実施例1~5で標的としたmiR-122とは異なるマイクロRNAであるマイクロRNA-21(miR-21)を標的とする、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。具体的には、二本鎖核酸剤の、miR-21の下流標的遺伝子であるSpg20(Spastic Paraplegia 20)およびTaf7(TATA-Box Binding Protein Associated Factor 7) mRNAの発現に対する脱抑制効果を評価した。
(結果)
実施例6の結果を図12のグラフに示す。二本鎖剤HDO-antimiRは、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、miR-21の下流標的(Spg20およびTaf7)mRNAの発現量の統計的に有意な上昇(すなわち下流標的遺伝子の脱抑制)を示した(図12)。miR-21の下流標的(Spg20およびTaf7)mRNAの発現量の上昇の程度は、用量20nmol/kgで、用量5nmol/kgよりも大きかった。
[実施例7]
(リガンド分子を結合させた二本鎖核酸複合体)
miR-122を標的とし、ビタミンEリガンド分子(α-トコフェロール:Toc)を結合させた、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。α-トコフェロールを結合させた核酸剤は、肝臓へ効率的に送達されることが知られている(例えば国際公開第2013/089283号を参照)。
(結果)
実施例7の結果を図14のグラフに示す。トコフェロールを結合させた二本鎖剤Toc-HDO-antimiRは、一本鎖antimiRおよびToc-antimiRと比較して、統計的に有意なmiR-122発現抑制を示した。また、トコフェロールを結合させた二本鎖剤Toc-HDO-antimiRは、トコフェロールのない二本鎖剤HDO-antimiRと比較して、miR-122の発現を抑制する傾向を示した。この結果から、本発明の一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸複合体にリガンド分子を結合させることによって、標的miRNAに対する抑制効果が増加することが示された。
[実施例8]
(化学修飾の、二本鎖核酸複合体の活性に対する効果の評価)
第2の核酸鎖の化学修飾が異なる、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。
第2の核酸鎖が未修飾(天然型RNA)である二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (0OM 0PS)」、図15b);
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドを有する二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (6OM 0PS)」、図15c);
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個のホスホロチオエート結合および3'末端から3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (0OM 6PS)」、図15d);ならびに
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有し、かつ、3'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)」、図15e)。
(結果)
実施例8の結果を図16のグラフに示す。二本鎖剤HDO-antimiR (6OM 0PS)は、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、miR-122の発現を抑制する傾向を示した。二本鎖剤HDO-antimiR (0OM 6PS)およびHDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)は、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、miR-122の発現を統計的に有意に抑制した。この結果から、二本鎖核酸複合体の第2の核酸鎖が、修飾ヌクレオシド間結合(ホスホロチオエート結合)および/または糖修飾(2'-O-メチル修飾)ヌクレオシドを含む場合に、一本鎖剤と比較して、マイクロRNA抑制活性が増加することが示された。
[実施例9]
(化学修飾の、二本鎖核酸複合体の活性に対する効果のさらなる評価)
第2の核酸鎖の化学修飾が異なる、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験をさらに行った。
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有し、かつ、3'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシド3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)」、図17b);ならびに
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドを有し、かつ、全てのヌクレオシド間結合がホスホロチオエート結合である二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (6OM 14PS)」、図17c)。
(結果)
実施例9の結果を図18のグラフに示す。二本鎖剤HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)およびHDO-antimiR (6OM 14PS)はともに、一本鎖antimiRと比較して、miR-122の発現を統計的に有意に抑制した。この結果から、全てのヌクレオシド間結合がホスホロチオエート結合である二本鎖核酸複合体が、標的miRNAを効率的に抑制できることが示された。
[実施例10]
(第2の核酸鎖の連続天然リボヌクレオシドの長さの、二本鎖核酸複合体の活性に対する効果の評価)
第2の核酸鎖の連続天然リボヌクレオシドの長さが異なる、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から1個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび1個のホスホロチオエート結合を有し、かつ、3'末端から1個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび1個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する(第2の核酸鎖が13塩基長の連続天然リボヌクレオシドを有する)二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (2OM 2PS)」、図19a);
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有し、かつ、3'末端から3個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび3個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する(第2の核酸鎖が9塩基長の連続天然リボヌクレオシドを有する)二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)」、図19b);ならびに
第2の核酸鎖が、天然型RNAに対して5'末端から5個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび5個のホスホロチオエート結合を有し、かつ、3'末端から5個の2'-O-メチルリボヌクレオシドおよび5個のホスホロチオエート結合を有する(第2の核酸鎖が5塩基長の連続天然リボヌクレオシドを有する)二本鎖剤(「HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS)」、図19c)。
(結果)
実施例10の結果を図20のグラフに示す。HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS)は最も効率的にmiR-122を抑制し、HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)およびHDO-antimiR (2OM 2PS)もmiR-122を抑制した(図20)。この結果から、第2の核酸鎖が様々な長さの連続天然リボヌクレオシドを有する場合に、標的miRNAが大きく抑制されることが示された。
[実施例11]
以下の実施例11~14で用いるオリゴヌクレオチドの配列を表2にまとめて示す。全てのオリゴヌクレオチドは株式会社ジーンデザイン(Gene Design)(大阪、日本)によって委託合成された。
(in vivo実験)
核酸剤を、マウスにそれぞれ尾静脈を通じて0.24μmol/kgの量(n=5)で静脈内注射した。用いたマウスおよびmiR-122発現解析方法は実施例1に記載した方法と同様である。
(結果)
実施例の結果は、図22のグラフに示される。2本鎖剤のHDO-antimiR (2OM 2PS)、HDO-antimiR (4OM 4PS)、HDO-antimiR (6OM 6PS)、HDO-antimiR (8OM 8PS)、HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS)、HDO-antimiR (12OM 12PS)、HDO-antimiR (14OM 14PS)は1本鎖antimiRよりもmiR-122の発現を統計的に有意に抑制していた。特に中央部の未修飾RNAが5塩基長である「HDO-antimiR (10OM 10PS)」においてmiR-122抑制効果が最も高く、第2鎖の中央部の未修飾RNAの鎖長は最適な鎖長が存在することが明らかとなった。
[実施例12]
第2鎖の第1鎖への結合能力が異なる、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。
(in vivo実験)
核酸剤を、マウスにそれぞれ尾静脈を通じて5.9nmol/kgの量(n=4)で静脈内注射した。用いたマウスおよびmiR-122発現解析方法は実施例1に記載した方法と同様である。
(結果)
実施例の結果は、図24のグラフに示される。7種の2本鎖剤全てが1本鎖antimiRよりもmiR-122の発現を統計的に有意に抑制していた。第2鎖の第1鎖への結合能力を低下又は上昇させたいずれの2本鎖剤でも高いmiR-122抑制効果を示していることから、結合能力の差によるmiR抑制効果への影響は少ないことが明らかとなった。
[実施例13]
第2鎖がRNAとは異なるDNAであり、かつRNAで構成されるバルジ領域を有する、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。
(in vivo実験)
核酸剤を、マウスにそれぞれ尾静脈を通じて5.9nmol/kgの量(n=4)で静脈内注射した。用いたマウスおよびmiR-122発現解析方法は実施例1に記載した方法と同様である。
(結果)
実施例の結果は、図26のグラフに示される。3種の2本鎖剤全てが1本鎖antimiRよりもmiR-122の発現を統計的に有意に抑制していた。第2鎖をRNAからDNAに置換させたいずれの2本鎖剤でも高いmiR抑制効果を示していることが明らかとなった。
[実施例14]
肝臓以外の臓器における、本発明の一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性を検証するin vivo実験を行った。具体的には実施例6で用いたmiR-21を標的とする、一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸剤の有用性をmiR-21の下流標的遺伝子であるTaf7 mRNAの発現に対する脱抑制効果を脾臓、副腎で検証するin vivo実験を行った。
(in vivo実験)
核酸剤を、マウスにそれぞれ尾静脈を通じて1.98μmol/kg、または7.93μmol/kgの量 (n=4)で静脈内注射した。用いたマウスおよびTaf7 mRNA発現解析方法は実施例6に記載した方法と同様である。
(結果)
実施例の結果は、図27のグラフに示される。脾臓及び副腎の両方において、miR-21の下流標的Taf 7 mRNAの発現レベルの上昇の程度は、2本鎖剤は1本鎖剤よりもどちらの用量においても大きく、7.93μmol/kgにおいては統計的に有意であった。この結果より、本発明の一実施形態に係る二本鎖核酸複合体の効果は肝特異的ではなく、様々な臓器を標的とし得ることが示された。
Claims (10)
- 標的miRNAにハイブリダイズして、該標的miRNAの機能を阻害する、6~30塩基長の第1の核酸鎖、および
該第1の核酸鎖に相補的な第2の核酸鎖
を含む、二本鎖核酸複合体であって、
該第1の核酸鎖は、天然ヌクレオシドおよび非天然ヌクレオシドで構成されるミックスマーであり、
該第2の核酸鎖は、1つ以上の修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および1つ以上の糖修飾ヌクレオシドのうちの少なくとも一方を含む、二本鎖核酸複合体。 - 前記第2の核酸鎖が、
(a)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、
(b)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、
(c)5'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合を含むか、
(d)5'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含むか、または
(e)5'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、かつ、3'末端から連続して前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含む、請求項1に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。 - 前記第2の核酸鎖が、
5'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、
3'末端から連続して少なくとも4つの修飾ヌクレオシド間結合および/または少なくとも4つの糖修飾ヌクレオシドを含み、さらに、
1個の天然リボヌクレオシド、またはホスホジエステル結合で連結された2~8個の連続した天然リボヌクレオシドを含む、請求項1または2に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。 - 前記第2の核酸鎖のヌクレオシド間結合の少なくとも50%が、修飾ヌクレオシド間結合である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 前記第1の核酸鎖のヌクレオシド間結合の少なくとも50%が、修飾ヌクレオシド間結合である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 前記修飾ヌクレオシド間結合が、ホスホロチオエート結合である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 前記糖修飾ヌクレオシドが、2'-O-メチル化糖を含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 前記ミックスマーが、BNA/DNAミックスマーである、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 前記第2の核酸鎖が、標識機能、精製機能、および標的送達機能から選択される機能を有する機能性部分をさらに含む、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の二本鎖核酸複合体と、薬学的に許容可能な担体とを含む、医薬組成物。
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WO2022106695A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | Alpha Anomeric Sas | Nucleic acid duplexes |
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WO2022106695A1 (en) | 2020-11-23 | 2022-05-27 | Alpha Anomeric Sas | Nucleic acid duplexes |
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