WO2018121155A1 - 一种无源光电标签 - Google Patents

一种无源光电标签 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018121155A1
WO2018121155A1 PCT/CN2017/113209 CN2017113209W WO2018121155A1 WO 2018121155 A1 WO2018121155 A1 WO 2018121155A1 CN 2017113209 W CN2017113209 W CN 2017113209W WO 2018121155 A1 WO2018121155 A1 WO 2018121155A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
tag
passive
led
optical
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/113209
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王莹
徐继东
喻旻
毛陆虹
Original Assignee
中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by 中兴通讯股份有限公司 filed Critical 中兴通讯股份有限公司
Priority to EP17886425.2A priority Critical patent/EP3564858B1/en
Priority to US16/474,068 priority patent/US20200250503A1/en
Publication of WO2018121155A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018121155A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0701—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management
    • G06K19/0702—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including a battery
    • G06K19/0704—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips at least one of the integrated circuit chips comprising an arrangement for power management the arrangement including a battery the battery being rechargeable, e.g. solar batteries
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/0723—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs
    • G06K19/0728—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips the record carrier comprising an arrangement for non-contact communication, e.g. wireless communication circuits on transponder cards, non-contact smart cards or RFIDs the arrangement being an optical or sound-based communication interface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves

Definitions

  • the present application relates to optical communication technologies, and in particular to a passive optical tag.
  • RFID Radio Frequency Identification
  • ordinary passive RFID tags require a reader with a large transmitting power to supply energy to the tag. Therefore, ordinary passive RFID tags have large electromagnetic radiation, and long-term use is harmful to the human body. In addition, based on the health effects of electromagnetic radiation, ordinary passive RFID tags can only use 1-2 RFID operating bands and cannot be applied to most RFID operating bands.
  • Visible Light Communication (VLC) technology is a recently launched optical wireless communication technology.
  • a light emitting diode (LED) is used as a transmitting stage, and the photodetector is converted into an electrical signal and sent to a receiver for demodulation processing. The processed signal is returned to the reading by the LED driving circuit in the form of an optical signal.
  • Writer Compared with radio frequency wireless communication technology, visible light communication technology has the advantages of no pollution, no electromagnetic radiation, high precision and no bandwidth limitation. Therefore, optical communication technology is applied to passive passive photoelectricity formed by passive tags. Labels have broad application prospects.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a passive photoelectric tag, which reduces the cost and volume of the photoelectric tag and prolongs the service life of the photoelectric tag.
  • a passive optical tag including:
  • a photocell configured to receive an optical signal
  • a service separating unit connected to the photocell, configured to divide the optical signal received by the photocell into a direct current voltage and an alternating current signal
  • the transceiver unit is connected to the service separation unit, configured to perform photoelectric conversion processing and electrical signal processing on the optical signal in the AC signal under the power supply of the DC voltage, and generate a signal to be transmitted;
  • An LED transmitting unit is coupled to the transceiver unit and configured to transmit the signal to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal.
  • the photocell includes: a solar cell.
  • the solar cell comprises: a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 2 mm gallium arsenide solar cell; or a 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 5 mm monocrystalline silicon solar cell.
  • the service separation unit specifically includes:
  • a first capacitor for isolating the DC signal to extract the AC signal
  • a low pass filter for separating the DC voltage in parallel with the first capacitor
  • the low pass filter includes: an inductor and a second capacitor, where
  • One end of the inductor is connected to the photocell, and the other end is connected to the second capacitor and the transceiver unit. The other end of the second capacitor is grounded.
  • the second capacitor is a chip capacitor having the largest capacitance value.
  • the transceiver unit specifically includes:
  • a power management module connected to the DC voltage output end of the service separation unit, configured to process the DC signal to obtain a stable voltage source, and provide a power voltage for other modules;
  • a receiver module connected to the AC signal output end of the service separation unit, configured to process the AC signal to obtain a digital signal
  • a digital circuit module coupled to the receiver module, configured to perform codec processing and data control on the digital signal, and generate a signal to be transmitted;
  • An oscillator module connected to the digital circuit module and configured to generate a clock oscillation signal
  • An LED driving circuit module is connected to the digital circuit module, configured to convert a signal to be transmitted into an optical signal, and drive the LED transmitting unit to transmit the optical signal.
  • the distance between the wavelength of the LED transmitting unit and the visible light LED wavelength of the reader is greater than a set value.
  • the LED transmitting unit uses visible light of different wavelengths from the reader LED.
  • the peak of the LED emission spectrum of the LED emitting unit corresponds to the same wavelength range of the peak of the PD receiving spectral sensitivity in the reader/writer.
  • the passive photoelectric tag provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a photocell for receiving an optical signal, and a service separating unit for dividing the optical signal received by the photocell into a direct current voltage and an alternating current signal, and is used for communicating under the power supply of the direct current voltage.
  • a transceiver unit that performs photoelectric conversion processing and electrical signal processing on the optical signal in the signal, and generates a signal to be transmitted
  • an LED transmitting unit for transmitting a signal to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal
  • the passive optical label passing through the photocell Realize power supply and signal reception, no need for power supply, reduce the cost and volume of photoelectric tags, and extend optoelectronics The life of the label.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive optical tag provided by an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive optical tag according to a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a digital circuit module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 is an optical communication diagram of a passive optical tag and a reader/writer according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the passive photoelectric tag provided by the embodiment of the present application includes:
  • the photocell 101 is configured to receive an optical signal
  • the service separating unit 102 is connected to the photocell 101 and configured to divide the optical signal received by the photocell 101 into a DC voltage and an AC signal;
  • the transceiver unit 103 is connected to the service separating unit 102, configured to perform photoelectric conversion processing and electrical signal processing on the optical signal in the AC signal under the power supply of the DC voltage, and generate a signal to be transmitted;
  • the LED transmitting unit 104 coupled to the transceiver unit 103, is configured to transmit a signal to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal.
  • the passive photoelectric tag realizes power supply and signal receiving through the photovoltaic cell, does not need power supply, reduces the cost and volume of the photoelectric tag, and prolongs the service life of the photoelectric tag.
  • the internal working mode of the passive photoelectric tag is that the photocell 101 divides the received visible light signal into two parts through the service separating unit 102, and a part of the light is converted into electric energy required for the label operation, and the converted electric energy supplies energy to each unit;
  • the optical signal carrying the signal is subjected to photoelectric conversion processing by the transceiver unit 103, and the processed electrical signal is subjected to electrical signal processing, and then subjected to signal loading and transmission by the LED transmitting unit 104.
  • the photo-receiving signal can be used to receive the visible light signal.
  • the light-receiving detection capability of the photo-cell can not only realize the effective detection and detection of the signal, but also the photoelectric battery can provide the power supply voltage for the operation of the photoelectric tag through the conversion of the light energy to the electric energy, forming a non-contact type of new passive. Photoelectric label.
  • the new passive photoelectric tags Compared with the existing photoelectric tags, the new passive photoelectric tags have lower cost, smaller volume, longer service life, and overcome the disadvantages of large electromagnetic radiation of passive radio frequency tags, which are harmful to the human body.
  • a photocell is used instead of a common photodiode as a visible light detector.
  • the photocell When the LED visible light signal is irradiated, the photocell generates a constantly changing DC voltage, which can be regarded as a superposition of a constant DC voltage and an AC voltage.
  • a partially constant DC voltage can be supplied to the receiver to provide the power supply voltage required by the receiver to obtain a new type of passive photoelectric tag.
  • the photovoltaic cell may include: a solar cell, for example, a 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 2 mm gallium arsenide solar cell, or a 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 5 mm monocrystalline silicon solar cell may be used.
  • the service separation unit 102 specifically includes:
  • a first capacitor C1 for isolating a DC signal to take out an AC signal
  • a first capacitor C1 A parallel low-pass filter for separating the DC voltage
  • the low pass filter includes: an inductor L1 and a second capacitor C2, where
  • One end of the inductor L1 is connected to the photocell 101, the other end is connected to the second capacitor C2 and the transceiver unit 102, and the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded.
  • the service separating unit 102 includes two branches, one branch is a first capacitor C1, which can isolate the DC signal, and take the AC signal to the transceiver unit 103 for processing; the other branch includes the LC formed.
  • the voltage across the second capacitor C2 is a DC voltage, and the AC signal with a large frequency is blocked by the inductor L1, and has almost no influence on the voltage across the second capacitor C2.
  • the voltage across the two capacitors C2 is input to the transceiver unit 102 for powering it.
  • the second capacitor C2 can use the chip capacitor with the largest capacitance value.
  • the transceiver unit 103 specifically includes:
  • the power management module 1031 is connected to the DC voltage output end of the service separation unit 102, configured to process the DC signal to obtain a stable voltage source, and provide a power voltage for other modules;
  • the receiver module 1032 is connected to the AC signal output end of the service separating unit 102, configured to process the AC signal to obtain a digital signal;
  • the digital circuit module 1033 is connected to the receiver module 1032, configured to perform codec processing and data control on the digital signal, and generate a signal to be sent;
  • the oscillator module 1034 is connected to the digital circuit module 1033 and configured to generate a clock oscillation signal.
  • the LED driving circuit module 1035 is connected to the digital circuit module 1033, configured to convert the signal to be transmitted into an optical signal, and drive the LED transmitting unit 104 to transmit the optical signal.
  • the power management module 1031 includes a voltage regulator including a bandgap reference, a start circuit, and an error amplifier, and the function is to receive the DC signal.
  • a stable voltage source is obtained and the supply voltage is supplied to other modules.
  • a power supply with good stability, high power supply rejection (PSR), good linearity adjustment and load regulation, and low temperature coefficient ensures stable operation of the receiver. Due to the passive structure, the basic performance indicators are met. At the same time, we must minimize power consumption.
  • the receiver module 1032 mainly comprises an equalization circuit, a limiting amplifier circuit and a comparator circuit, and the input AC signal is limited and amplified, and then the signal is processed by the comparator, and the digital signal is taken out for further processing by the digital circuit. Also pay attention to the realization of low power consumption of the circuit.
  • the digital circuit module 1033 mainly includes a decoder unit, a digital baseband, a memory, and an encoder unit.
  • the main function is to perform codec processing and data control on the digital signal taken out by the receiver module, and simultaneously generate a signal returned to the reader/writer.
  • Digital circuit modules based on reasonable communication protocols will have stronger anti-interference performance and lower bit error rate.
  • the function of the oscillator module 1034 is to generate a clock oscillating signal for use by the digital circuit, and a ring oscillating structure or a relaxation type oscillating structure may be employed.
  • the stability of the oscillation frequency is the most important parameter of the oscillator module.
  • the oscillation frequency of a good oscillator is less affected by the voltage, temperature and process, which can ensure the accuracy of the digital circuit.
  • the LED driving circuit module 1035 uses the signal returned by the digital circuit module to the reader/writer to drive the LED transmitting unit 104 to realize the normal operation of the LED transmitting unit 104. Since the LED driver circuit module accounts for the largest proportion of the overall power consumption, the realization of the low power consumption of the LED driver circuit module is the key to achieving low power consumption of the overall tag.
  • the LED transmitting unit 104 returns the signal to the reader/writer in the form of an optical signal to complete communication of the optical signal.
  • the LED In order to put the LED into the drive circuit for simulation, the LED needs to be modeled, and its spice model or veriloga model is put into the circuit for simulation.
  • the photovoltaic cell can use an external solar cell, which can effectively absorb visible light, convert the optical signal into an electrical signal, generate a varying DC voltage, and separate the DC signal through the passive circuit network of the service separation unit. And alternating current signals, respectively
  • the power management module and the receiver module are supplied to realize the function of receiving an optical signal.
  • the solar cell can be made of materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, gallium arsenide, etc., considering the volume and cost of the overall structure, and the efficiency of converting the light energy, the solar cell can be compromised under the premise of satisfying the stable power supply for the receiver.
  • a solar cell that satisfies the demand for example, a gallium arsenide solar cell of 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 2 mm, a monocrystalline silicon solar cell of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm ⁇ 5 mm, or the like.
  • the volume of the solar cell accounts for the largest proportion of the volume of the overall passive photoelectric tag, which limits the volume of the tag.
  • the size of the photocell and the efficiency of its conversion of light energy also limit the amount of energy it can supply to the internal circuit of the tag, and also affect the working distance of the overall photoelectric tag. Therefore, those skilled in the art can select more when selecting the photocell. Aspect factors are considered.
  • the service separating unit 102 functions to separate the changed voltage generated by the solar cell into a direct current signal and an alternating current signal.
  • the specific implementation is as follows: According to the data transmission rate required for visible light communication, a suitable capacitor C1 is selected so that the AC voltage signal can enter the receiver with almost no attenuation; L1 and C2 form a low-pass filter, and the function is to take out the DC voltage signal to supply power.
  • the management module the inductor L1 can select a larger value, has a large impedance at a higher frequency, blocks the alternating current signal from being applied to both ends of the C2, and the capacitor C2 selects a chip capacitor that is larger than the set value, on the one hand, the communication can be weakened.
  • the effect of the signal on the other hand, can store a large amount of charge, ensuring a more stable voltage when the visible light signal is suddenly disturbed.
  • the receiver module 1032 of FIG. 2 can employ an optical receiver structure in conventional visible light communication to extract a digital signal input digital circuit module from a weak electrical signal.
  • the power management module 1031, the digital circuit module 1033, and the oscillator module 1034 in FIG. 2 can be designed according to the circuit structure of the corresponding module in the conventional RFID passive tag, and realize the function of the corresponding module.
  • the LED driving circuit module 1035 in FIG. 2 can adopt a simple series structure, and the number is passed.
  • the word circuit module returns a signal to the reader to drive the LED.
  • an LED discharge circuit can be added to the LED drive circuit to increase the operating bandwidth of the circuit.
  • the wavelength of the LED in Figure 1 should be far enough away from the visible light LED wavelength of the reader to achieve wavelength division isolation.
  • the LED of the reader/writer can be selected for visible light emission, and the LED of the photoelectric tag can also be selected for light emission of different wavelengths from the reader/writer LED.
  • the distance between the wavelength of the LED emitting unit and the visible light LED wavelength of the reader/writer may be greater than a set value.
  • the LED emitting unit can emit visible light of a different wavelength than the reader LED.
  • the schematic diagram of the digital circuit module 1033 is shown in FIG. 3, and mainly includes an encoder, a decoder, a digital baseband circuit, and a memory.
  • the digital signal taken by the receiver enters the decoder for decoding, and the decoded signal is processed by the digital baseband circuit and exchanges data with the memory to obtain a digital signal that needs to be returned to the reader.
  • the digital signal that needs to be returned is encoded by the encoder, and the LED driver circuit converts the signal into an optical signal and returns it to the reader.
  • the optical communication diagram of the passive photoelectric tag and the reader is shown in FIG.
  • the LED of the reader/writer emits visible light carrying information
  • the photocell in the tag is charged on the one hand, and the optical signal carrying the information is converted into an electrical signal on the other hand.
  • the circuit works normally, the digital signal is taken out and processed, and the returned data is changed into an optical signal carrying information through the LED and its driving circuit.
  • the returned optical signal is received by the reader's photodetector (PD) and processed for further processing.
  • the peak of the LED emission spectrum in the passive photoelectric tag corresponds to the same wavelength range of the PD receiving spectral sensitivity in the reader, it is equivalent to improving the energy utilization rate, which is beneficial to reduce the LED.
  • the power consumption of the drive circuit will also reduce the power consumption of the overall photoelectric tag.
  • the photo-receiving signal can be used to receive visible light signals.
  • the light-receiving detection capability of the photo-cell can not only achieve effective detection and detection of the signal, but also the light-to-electricity conversion of the photocell can provide light.
  • the power supply voltage of the electrical tag creates a new non-contact passive photoelectric tag. Compared with the existing photoelectric tags, the new passive photoelectric tags have lower cost, smaller volume, longer service life, and overcome the disadvantages of large electromagnetic radiation of passive radio frequency tags, which are harmful to the human body.
  • the passive photoelectric tag provided by the embodiment of the present application includes a photocell for receiving an optical signal, and a service separating unit for dividing the optical signal received by the photocell into a direct current voltage and an alternating current signal, and is used for communicating under the power supply of the direct current voltage.
  • a transceiver unit that performs photoelectric conversion processing and electrical signal processing on the optical signal in the signal, and generates a signal to be transmitted
  • an LED transmitting unit for transmitting a signal to be transmitted in the form of an optical signal

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Abstract

本申请公开了一种无源光电标签，涉及光通信技术，该无源光电标签包括用于接收光信号的光电池，用于将光电池接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号的业务分离单元，用于在直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号的收发机单元，以及用于通过光信号的形式发送要发送的信号的LED发射单元，该无源光电标签通过光电池实现供电和信号接收，不需要电源供电，减小了光电标签成本和体积，延长了光电标签的使用寿命。

Description

一种无源光电标签
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请基于申请号为201611223329.X、申请日为2016年12月27日的中国专利申请提出，并要求该中国专利申请的优先权，该中国专利申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本申请涉及光通信技术，尤其涉及一种无源光电标签。
背景技术
随着集成电路技术的发展，基于射频无线识别技术(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)的无源标签进入到实用阶段，它具有体积小、成本低、非接触性、抗干扰能力强、寿命长等优点，在食品、医疗、军事、物流等领域都有广泛的应用。
然而，普通无源RFID标签需要发射功率很大的读写器为标签提供能量，因此普通无源RFID标签电磁辐射大,长期使用对人体有害。另外，基于电磁辐射对健康影响的考虑，普通无源RFID标签只能使用1-2个RFID工作频段，不能应用到大多数RFID工作频段。
可见光通信(Visible Light Communication，VLC)技术是一种近来发起的光无线通信技术。采用发光二级管(Light Emitting Diode，LED)作为发射级，光电探测器接收转换为电信号，交给接收机进行解调处理，处理后的信号经过LED驱动电路以光信号的形式返回给读写器。可见光通信技术较射频无线通信技术而言，具有无污染，无电磁辐射，高精确度以及无带宽限制等优点，因此将光通信技术应用于无源标签形成的新型无源光电 标签会具有广泛的应用前景。
目前的光电标签都需要外部电源提供所需要的能量，限制了其成本、体积和使用寿命。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种无源光电标签，用以减小了光电标签成本和体积，延长光电标签的使用寿命。
依据本申请实施例的一个方面，提供一种无源光电标签，包括：
光电池，配置为接收光信号；
业务分离单元，连接所述光电池，配置为将所述光电池接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号；
收发机单元，连接所述业务分离单元，配置为在所述直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号；
LED发射单元，连接所述收发机单元，配置为通过光信号的形式发送所述要发送的信号。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述光电池包括：太阳能电池。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述太阳能电池包括：10mm×10mm×2mm的砷化镓太阳能电池；或者，30mm×30mm×5mm的单晶硅太阳能电池。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述业务分离单元，具体包括：
用于隔离直流信号取出交流信号的第一电容，以及与所述第一电容并连的用于分离出直流电压的低通滤波器。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述低通滤波器包括：电感和第二电容，其中，
所述电感的一端连接光电池，另一端连接第二电容及收发机单元，所 述第二电容的另一端接地。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述第二电容为电容值最大的贴片电容。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述收发机单元，具体包括：
电源管理模块，连接所述业务分离单元的直流电压输出端，配置为处理所述直流电信号，得到稳定的电压源，为其它模块提供电源电压；
接收机模块，连接所述业务分离单元的交流信号输出端，配置为处理所述交流信号，得到数字信号；
数字电路模块，连接所述接收机模块，配置为对所述数字信号进行编解码处理和数据控制，并生成要发送的信号；
振荡器模块，连接所述数字电路模块，配置为产生时钟振荡信号；
LED驱动电路模块，连接所述数字电路模块，配置为将要发送的信号转变为光信号，并驱动所述LED发射单元发送该光信号。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述LED发射单元的波长与读写器可见光LED波长之间的距离大于设定值。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，LED发射单元使用与读写器LED不同波长的可见光发射。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，所述LED发射单元的LED发射光谱的峰值与读写器中PD接收光谱灵敏度的峰值对应相同的波长范围。
本申请实施例提供的无源光电标签，包括用于接收光信号的光电池，用于将光电池接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号的业务分离单元，用于在直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号的收发机单元，以及用于通过光信号的形式发送要发送的信号的LED发射单元，该无源光电标签通过光电池实现供电和信号接收，不需要电源供电，减小了光电标签成本和体积，延长了光电 标签的使用寿命。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本申请实施例提供的无源光电标签结构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例提供的优选实施例的无源光电标签结构示意图；
图3为本申请实施例提供的数字电路模块结构示意图；
图4为本申请实施例提供的无源光电标签和读写器的光通信图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本申请保护的范围。
如图1所示，本申请实施例提供的无源光电标签，包括：
光电池101，配置为接收光信号；
业务分离单元102，连接光电池101，配置为将光电池101接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号；
收发机单元103，连接业务分离单元102，配置为在直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号；
LED发射单元104，连接收发机单元103，配置为通过光信号的形式发送要发送的信号。
该无源光电标签通过光电池实现供电和信号接收，不需要电源供电，减小了光电标签成本和体积，延长了光电标签的使用寿命。
无源光电标签内部工作方式为，光电池101通过业务分离单元102将接收到的外界可见光信号分成两部分，一部分光转换成标签工作所需的电能，转换后的电能给各单元提供能量；另外一部分携带信号的光信号通过收发机单元103进行光电转换处理，处理后的电信号进行电信号处理后通过LED发射单元104进行信号加载发射。
通过光电池来接收可见光信号，光电池的光接收探测能力不仅可以实现信号的的有效接收探测，而且光电池通过光能到电能的转换可以提供光电标签工作的电源电压，形成了非接触式的新型无源光电标签。与现有的光电标签相比，新型无源光电标签成本较低，体积较小，具备更长的使用寿命，而且克服了无源射频标签电磁辐射大,对人体有害的缺点。
本申请实施例采用光电池代替普通光电二极管作为可见光的探测器，当LED可见光信号照射后，光电池会产生不断变化的直流电压，可以将它看做一个恒定的直流电压与一个交流电压的叠加，这部分恒定的直流电压经过电路处理就可以提供接收机需要的电源电压，得到一种新型的无源光电标签。
实际应用中，光电池可以包括：太阳能电池，例如，可以使用10mm×10mm×2mm的砷化镓太阳能电池，或者30mm×30mm×5mm的单晶硅太阳能电池。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，如图2所示，业务分离单元102，具体包括：
用于隔离直流信号取出交流信号的第一电容C1，以及与第一电容C1 并连的用于分离出直流电压的低通滤波器。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，低通滤波器包括：电感L1和第二电容C2，其中，
电感L1的一端连接光电池101，另一端连接第二电容C2及收发机单元102，第二电容C2的另一端接地。
具体的，业务分离单元102包括两个支路，一条支路为第一电容C1，它可以隔离直流信号，将交流信号取出送到收发机单元103进行处理；另一条支路包括由LC形成的低通滤波器，低通滤波器中，第二电容C2两端电压为直流电压，而频率较大的交流信号由电感L1阻断，对第二电容C2两端电压几乎没有影响，最后将第二电容C2两端的电压输入到收发机单元102，为其供电。
第二电容C2可以使用电容值最大的贴片电容。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，如图2所示，收发机单元103具体包括：
电源管理模块1031，连接业务分离单元102的直流电压输出端，配置为处理直流电信号，得到稳定的电压源，为其它模块提供电源电压；
接收机模块1032，连接业务分离单元102的交流信号输出端，配置为处理交流信号，得到数字信号；
数字电路模块1033，连接接收机模块1032，配置为对数字信号进行编解码处理和数据控制，并生成要发送的信号；
振荡器模块1034，连接数字电路模块1033，配置为产生时钟振荡信号；
LED驱动电路模块1035，连接数字电路模块1033，配置为将要发送的信号转变为光信号，并驱动LED发射单元104发送该光信号。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，电源管理模块1031包括稳压器，稳压器包括带隙基准、启动电路、误差放大器，作用是将收到的直流电信号处 理后得到稳定的电压源，为其他模块提供电源电压。一个具有好的稳定性、高电源抑制(PSR)、好的线性调整率与负载调整率以及低温度系数的电源管理，可以保证接收机的稳定工作；由于采用无源结构，在满足基本性能指标的同时，要尽量减小功耗。
接收机模块1032主要包括均衡电路、限幅放大电路、比较器电路，将输入的交流信号进行限幅放大，然后用比较器对信号进行处理，取出数字信号，供数字电路进一步的处理，设计中同样要注意电路低功耗的实现。
数字电路模块1033主要包括解码器单元、数字基带、存储器、编码器单元，主要作用是对接收机模块取出的数字信号进行编解码处理和数据控制，同时产生返回给读写器的信号。基于合理的通信协议的数字电路模块会具有更强的抗干扰性能和更低的误码率。
振荡器模块1034的作用是产生时钟振荡信号供数字电路工作使用，可以采用环形振荡结构或者弛豫型振荡结构。振荡频率的稳定性是振荡器模块最主要的参数，一个好的振荡器的振荡频率受电压、温度、工艺的影响较小，可以保证数字电路工作的精确性。
LED驱动电路模块1035采用数字电路模块返回给读写器的信号来驱动LED发射单元104，实现LED发射单元104的正常工作。由于LED驱动电路模块占整体功耗的比重最大，因此LED驱动电路模块低功耗的实现是整体标签低功耗实现的关键。
LED发射单元104以光信号的形式将信号返回给读写器，完成光信号的通信。为了将LED放入驱动电路进行仿真，需要将LED进行建模，将它的spice模型或veriloga模型放入电路进行仿真。
作为优选实施例，光电池可以采用外置的太阳能电池，太阳能电池可以有效地吸收可见光，并将光信号转换为电信号，产生变化的直流电压，通过业务分离单元的无源电路网络分离出直流电信号和交流电信号，分别 供给电源管理模块和接收机模块，实现接收光信号的功能。太阳能电池可由单晶硅、多晶硅、砷化镓等材料制作而成，综合考虑整体结构的体积、成本，以及转换光能的效率，太阳能电池在满足为接收机稳定供电的前提下，可以折衷选取满足需求的太阳能电池，例如：10mm×10mm×2mm的砷化镓太阳能电池，30mm×30mm×5mm的单晶硅太阳能电池等。需要特别指出的是，太阳能电池的体积占整体无源光电标签体积的比重最大，限制着标签的体积。而且光电池的大小以及其转换光能的效率也限制着它能够提供给标签内部电路的能量多少，也影响了整体光电标签的工作距离，因此本领域技术人员在进行光电池的选择时，可以根据多方面因素进行考虑。
本申请实施例中，业务分离单元102如图2中所示，其作用是将太阳能电池产生的变化的电压分离为直流电信号和交流电信号。具体实施如下：依据可见光通信需要的数据传输速率，选取合适的电容C1使交流电压信号可以几乎无衰减的进入到接收机；L1与C2组成低通滤波器，其作用在于取出直流电压信号供给电源管理模块，电感L1可以选取较大值，在频率较高时具有很大的阻抗，阻断交流电信号加在C2两端，电容C2选取大于设定值的贴片电容，一方面可以减弱交流信号的影响，另一方面可以储存大量的电荷，保证在可见光信号受到突然干扰而变化时仍可以提供较稳定的电压。
图2中的接收机模块1032可以采用传统可见光通信中的光接收机结构，从微弱的电信号中取出数字信号输入数字电路模块。
图2中的电源管理模块1031、数字电路模块1033、振荡器模块1034可按照传统的RFID无源标签内对应模块的电路结构进行设计，实现对应模块的功能。
图2中的LED驱动电路模块1035可以采用简单的串联结构，通过数 字电路模块返回给读写器的信号来驱动LED。作为优选实例，由于LED本身具有较大的结电容，因此可以在LED驱动电路上加入LED的释电回路，以此增加电路的工作带宽。另外，考虑到要尽量减小泄漏干扰，图1中的LED的波长与读写器可见光LED波长之间应距离足够远，实现波分隔离。作为一种优选实例，读写器的LED可选用可见光发射，而光电标签中的LED也可选用与读写器LED不同波长的光发射即可。
在本申请实施例一实施方式中，LED发射单元的波长与读写器可见光LED波长之间的距离可以大于设定值。LED发射单元可以使用与读写器LED不同波长的可见光发射。
数字电路模块1033的结构示意图如图3所示，主要包括编码器、解码器、数字基带电路以及存储器。接收机取出的数字信号进入解码器进行解码，解码后的信号经过数字基带电路处理并与存储器进行数据交流，得到需要返回读写器的数字信号。需要返回的数字信号经编码器编码，LED驱动电路将此信号转换为光信号返回到读写器。
此外，无源光电标签和读写器的光通信图如图4所示。当读写器的LED发射携带信息的可见光后，标签内的光电池一方面进行充电，另一方面将携带信息的光信号转变为电信号。当充电能量满足标签内部电路的功耗需求时，电路正常工作，将数字信号取出并处理，返回的数据经LED及其驱动电路变为携带信息的光信号。返回的光信号由读写器的光电探测器(PD)接收并进行下一步的处理。此处可以看出，若无源光电标签中LED发射光谱的峰值与读写器中PD接收光谱灵敏度的峰值对应相同的波长范围，就相当于提高了能源的利用率，这样有利于减小LED驱动电路的功耗，整体光电标签的功耗也会随之减少。
通过光电池来接收可见光信号，光电池的光接收探测能力不仅可以实现信号的的有效接收探测，而且光电池通过光能到电能的转换可以提供光 电标签工作的电源电压，形成了非接触式的新型无源光电标签。与现有的光电标签相比，新型无源光电标签成本较低，体积较小，具备更长的使用寿命，而且克服了无源射频标签电磁辐射大,对人体有害的缺点。
本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述，各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可，每个实施例重点说明的都是其与其他实施例的不同之处。尤其对于装置实施例而言，由于其基本相似与方法实施例，所以，描述的比较简单，相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
虽然通过实施例描述了本申请，本领域的技术人员知道，本申请有许多变形和变化而不脱离本申请的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。
工业实用性
本申请实施例提供的无源光电标签，包括用于接收光信号的光电池，用于将光电池接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号的业务分离单元，用于在直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号的收发机单元，以及用于通过光信号的形式发送要发送的信号的LED发射单元，该无源光电标签通过光电池实现供电和信号接收，不需要电源供电，减小了光电标签成本和体积，延长了光电标签的使用寿命。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种无源光电标签，包括：
    光电池，配置为接收光信号；
    业务分离单元，连接所述光电池，配置为将所述光电池接收到的光信号分成直流电压和交流信号；
    收发机单元，连接所述业务分离单元，配置为在所述直流电压的供电下对交流信号中的光信号进行光电转换处理及电信号处理，并生成要发送的信号；
    LED发射单元，连接所述收发机单元，配置为通过光信号的形式发送所述要发送的信号。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述光电池包括：太阳能电池。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述太阳能电池包括：
    10mm×10mm×2mm的砷化镓太阳能电池；或者
    30mm×30mm×5mm的单晶硅太阳能电池。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述业务分离单元，具体包括：
    用于隔离直流信号取出交流信号的第一电容，以及与所述第一电容并连的用于分离出直流电压的低通滤波器。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述低通滤波器包括：电感和第二电容，其中，
    所述电感的一端连接光电池，另一端连接第二电容及收发机单元，所述第二电容的另一端接地。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述第二电容为电容值最大的贴片电容。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述收发机单元，具体包括：
    电源管理模块，连接所述业务分离单元的直流电压输出端，配置为处理所述直流电信号，得到稳定的电压源，为其它模块提供电源电压；
    接收机模块，连接所述业务分离单元的交流信号输出端，配置为处理所述交流信号，得到数字信号；
    数字电路模块，连接所述接收机模块，配置为对所述数字信号进行编解码处理和数据控制，并生成要发送的信号；
    振荡器模块，连接所述数字电路模块，配置为产生时钟振荡信号；
    LED驱动电路模块，连接所述数字电路模块，配置为将要发送的信号转变为光信号，并驱动所述LED发射单元发送该光信号。
  8. 如权利要求1所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述LED发射单元的波长与读写器可见光LED波长之间的距离大于设定值。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的无源光电标签，其中，LED发射单元使用与读写器LED不同波长的可见光发射。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的无源光电标签，其中，所述LED发射单元的LED发射光谱的峰值与读写器中光电探测器PD接收光谱灵敏度的峰值对应相同的波长范围。
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