WO2018095759A1 - Kühlmittel für kühlsysteme in elektrofahrzeugen mit brennstoffzellen und/oder batterien enthaltend azolderivate und zusätzliche korrosionsschutzmittel - Google Patents
Kühlmittel für kühlsysteme in elektrofahrzeugen mit brennstoffzellen und/oder batterien enthaltend azolderivate und zusätzliche korrosionsschutzmittel Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018095759A1 WO2018095759A1 PCT/EP2017/079162 EP2017079162W WO2018095759A1 WO 2018095759 A1 WO2018095759 A1 WO 2018095759A1 EP 2017079162 W EP2017079162 W EP 2017079162W WO 2018095759 A1 WO2018095759 A1 WO 2018095759A1
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- Prior art keywords
- acid
- particularly preferably
- carbon atoms
- alcohol
- group
- Prior art date
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- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- -1 alkylene glycols Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 50
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- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
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- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
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- SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N palmitoleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O SECPZKHBENQXJG-FPLPWBNLSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
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- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexanamine Chemical compound CCCCCCN BMVXCPBXGZKUPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
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- ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ISYWECDDZWTKFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO REIUXOLGHVXAEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZTUXEFFFLOVXQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tridecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O SZHOJFHSIKHZHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tuaminoheptane Chemical compound CCCCCC(C)N VSRBKQFNFZQRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N undecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O ZDPHROOEEOARMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2h-benzotriazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC2=NNN=C12 CMGDVUCDZOBDNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNZYDQIAPCVNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Hydroxy-12-octadecenoic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCC(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BNZYDQIAPCVNAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNZYDQIAPCVNAT-QLBOMPFWSA-N 9R-HOME(12Z) Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C/CC[C@H](O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BNZYDQIAPCVNAT-QLBOMPFWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000005215 alkyl ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007798 antifreeze agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002577 cryoprotective agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZUPXSCMRFYXOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCC=CCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZUPXSCMRFYXOOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000001151 other effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetramethyl orthosilicate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)OC LFQCEHFDDXELDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000177 1,2,3-triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCO XFRVVPUIAFSTFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCO OAYXUHPQHDHDDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-METHOXYETHANOL Chemical compound COCCO XNWFRZJHXBZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCO COBPKKZHLDDMTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCO WFSMVVDJSNMRAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCOCCOCCOCCO MXVMODFDROLTFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTAKOUPXIUWZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethanol Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOCCOCCO GTAKOUPXIUWZIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyethanol Chemical compound CCOCCO ZNQVEEAIQZEUHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-1,2,4-triazole Chemical compound C=1N=CNN=1 NSPMIYGKQJPBQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-IUQGRGSQSA-N Elaidolinolenic acid Chemical compound CC\C=C\C\C=C\C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O DTOSIQBPPRVQHS-IUQGRGSQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001060 Gray iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001447 alkali salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003945 anionic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCCOCCO XXJWXESWEXIICW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940075557 diethylene glycol monoethyl ether Drugs 0.000 description 1
- JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(dimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)OC JJQZDUKDJDQPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyldiethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)OCC YYLGKUPAFFKGRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCNCCCCCCCC LAWOZCWGWDVVSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012154 double-distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(C)C RSIHJDGMBDPTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUEYHEWXYWCDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 5-methylthiadiazole-4-carboxylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=1N=NSC=1C TUEYHEWXYWCDHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(trimethyl)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(C)C POPACFLNWGUDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005809 transesterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940087291 tridecyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NKLYMYLJOXIVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound CCOC([SiH3])(OCC)OCC NKLYMYLJOXIVFB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol monomethyl ether Chemical compound COCCOCCOCCO JLGLQAWTXXGVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxymethylsilane Chemical compound COC([SiH3])(OC)OC TUQLLQQWSNWKCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/20—Antifreeze additives therefor, e.g. for radiator liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/10—Liquid materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/651—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by parameters specified by a numeric value or mathematical formula, e.g. ratios, sizes or concentrations
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04701—Temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles with fuel cells and / or batteries, preferably in motor vehicles, more preferably in passenger and commercial vehicles (so-called light and heavy duty vehicles), based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof, which in addition to special azole derivatives contain additional corrosion inhibitors for improved corrosion protection.
- radiator protection used in internal combustion engines would not be possible in fuel cells and / or batteries without complete electrical isolation of the cooling channels, since these agents have too high electrical conductivity because of the salts and ionizable compounds contained therein as corrosion inhibitors, which is the function of the fuel cell or negatively affecting the battery.
- DE-A 198 02 490 (1) describes fuel cells with a frost-protected cooling circuit in which a paraffinic isomer mixture with a pour point of less than -40 ° C is used as the coolant.
- a disadvantage is the combustibility of such a coolant.
- Suitable ion exchangers include anionic resins such as strong alkaline hydroxyl type and cationic resins such as sulfonic acid group based, as well as other filtration units such as activated carbon filters.
- anionic resins such as strong alkaline hydroxyl type
- cationic resins such as sulfonic acid group based
- other filtration units such as activated carbon filters.
- the structure and operation of a fuel cell for automobiles, in particular a fuel cell with electron-conducting electrolyte membrane ("PEM fuel cell”) is described by way of example in (3), aluminum being preferred as the preferred metal component in the cooling circuit (radiator) becomes.
- WO 02/101848 A2 describes cryoprotectants for cooling systems in fuel cell drives and their concentrates containing certain azole derivatives. The cryoprotectants already show good corrosion protection on aluminum samples, but no longer meet modern requirements with regard to iron and non-ferrous metal corrosion.
- US 2012/0064426 A1 discloses coolants for fuel cells which contain an ion exchanger which, in addition to ethylene glycol or propylene glycol as antifreeze component and inhibitors, such as e.g. et al Azoles, against aluminum corrosion also polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters as surface active agents.
- an ion exchanger which, in addition to ethylene glycol or propylene glycol as antifreeze component and inhibitors, such as e.g. et al Azoles, against aluminum corrosion also polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters as surface active agents.
- WO 2014 029654 A1 discloses anticorrosion agent formulations which, in addition to glycols and polyalkylene glycols as antifreeze component and alkylamine ethoxylates as surfactant component, may contain further additives. When selecting such additives, attention is not paid to the conductivity, anionic and cationic surfactants are also disclosed, borax for adjusting the pH and carboxylic acids in the form of their salts.
- compositions also contain a significant proportion of ionic constituents and are not suitable for use in fuel cells due to their inherent conductivity.
- US Pat. No. 4,702,220 which describes compositions containing at least one emulsifier and at least one organic hydrophobizing agent which can be used as concentrates after dilution with water as coolant.
- the organic hydrophobizing agent carries salt-forming groups and the emulsifier may also be anionic or cationic compounds.
- the water to which the compositions are added in the examples is added to inorganic compounds.
- compositions also contain a significant proportion of ionic constituents and are not suitable for use in fuel cells due to their inherent conductivity.
- antifreeze concentrates for cooling systems have been found in fuel cells and / or batteries from which come ready aqueous coolant compositions having a maximum conductivity of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ found based on alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof containing one or more five-membered heterocyclic compounds (Azolderivate) with 2 or 3 heteroatoms from the group consisting of nitrogen and sulfur which contain no or at most one sulfur atom and which can carry one aromatic or saturated six-membered anellant, and additionally contain at least one of the compounds (V), (VI) and / or (VII).
- Azolderivate five-membered heterocyclic compounds
- antifreeze concentrates containing a total of from 0.05 to 5% by weight, in particular from 0.075 to 2.5% by weight, especially from 0.1 to 1% by weight, of the abovementioned azole derivatives.
- antifreeze agents which comprise a total of 0.05 to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 1 wt .-%, especially 0.2 to 0.5 wt .-% of at least one of the compounds (V), ( VI) and / or (VII).
- These five-membered heterocyclic compounds (azole derivatives) contain as heteroatoms usually two N atoms and no S atom, 3 N atoms and no S atom or an N atom and an S atom.
- Preferred groups of the mentioned Azoldenvate are fused imidazoles and fused 1, 2,3-triazoles of the general formula
- R is hydrogen or a Ci to Cio-alkyl radical, in particular methyl or ethyl, and the variable X denotes a nitrogen atom or the group C-H.
- variable R has the meaning given above and
- variable R 'de notes hydrogen, a C 1 to C 10 -alkyl radical, in particular methyl or ethyl, or in particular a mercapto group (-SH).
- a typical example of an azole derivative of the general formula (III) is 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.
- X and Y together represent two nitrogen atoms or
- azole derivatives are benzimidazole, benzotriazole, tolutriazole, hydrogenated tolutriazole or mixtures thereof, in particular benzotriazole or tolutriazole.
- azole derivatives mentioned are commercially available or can be prepared by customary methods.
- Hydrogenated benzotriazoles such as hydrogenated tolutriazole are also available according to DE-A 1 948 794 (5) and are also commercially available.
- the antifreeze concentrates according to the invention preferably additionally contain ortho-silicic acid esters, as described in (4).
- ortho-silicic acid esters are tetraalkoxysilanes, such as preferably tetramethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane, and alkoxyalkylsilanes, such as preferably triethoxymethylsilane, diethoxydimethylsilane, ethoxytrimethylsilane, trimethoxymethylsilane, dimethoxydimethylsilane and methoxytrimethylsilane.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula (V), compounds of the formula (VI), compounds of the formula (VII) and mixtures thereof are present in the antifreeze and antifreeze concentrates of the present invention.
- R 1 is an organic radical having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, in particular an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 7 to 21 carbon atoms, preferably 9 to 19, more preferably 1 1 to 19, most preferably 13 to 19, in particular 15 to 19 and especially 17 carbon atoms,
- R 2 is an organic radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, in particular an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 8 to 22 carbon atoms, preferably 10 to 20, particularly preferably 12 to 20, very particularly preferably 14 to 20, in particular 16 to 20 and especially 18 carbon atoms,
- R 3 is an organic radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, in particular an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 7 to 9 and particularly preferably 8 carbon atoms, n is a positive integer from 10 to 60, preferably 12 to 50, particularly preferably 15 to 40, very particularly preferably 18 to 30 and in particular 20 to 25,
- p and q independently of one another have a positive integer from 1 to 40, preferably 1 to 30, particularly preferably 2 to 25, very particularly preferably 3 to 20 and in particular 5 to 15 and
- each Xi for i 1 to n, 1 to p and 1 to q independently selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -CH 2 -0-, -CH 2 -CH (CH 3 ) -O-, -CH ( CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O-, -CH 2 -C (CH 3 ) 2 -O-,
- -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O- and -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O- preferably selected from the group consisting of -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, -CH 2 - CH (CH 3 ) -O- and -CH (CH 3 ) -CH 2 -O-, particularly preferably -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-, mean.
- the compounds of the formulas (V), (VI) and (VII) are usually reaction mixtures with a distribution of the product composition depending on the reaction conditions.
- the length of the string - [- Xr] - is subjected to a distribution around a statistical average so that the values for n, p and q are distributed by a statistical average could be.
- the value of n, p and q for each individual compound of the formula (V), (VI) or (VII) assumes positive integer numbers, may also assume non-integer values for the reaction mixture on a statistical average.
- compounds of the formula (V) and (VII) are preferred, particularly preferred are compounds of the formula (VII).
- the structural element R 1 is -COO- in formula (V) derived from fatty acids or mixtures thereof, preferably from 2-ethylhexanoic acid, octanoic acid (caprylic acid), pelargonic acid (nonanoic acid), 2-
- Octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid elaeostearic acid [(92 1 1E, 13 £) octadeca-9,1 1, 13-trienoic acid], ricinoleic acid ((R) -12-hydroxy- (Z) - octadec-9-enoic acid), isoricinoleic acid [(S) -9-hydroxy- (2) -octadec-12-enoic acid], nonadecanoic acid, arachidic acid (eicosanoic acid), behenic acid (docosanic acid) and erucic acid [(132) -docos- 13-enklaj.
- R 1 -COO- in formula (V) derived from decanoic acid (capric acid), dodecanoic acid (lauric acid), tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), palmitoleic acid [(92) -hexadec-9-enoic acid] , Stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), oleic acid [(92) octadec-9-enoic acid] or arachic acid (eicosanoic acid), more preferably of tetradecanoic acid (myristic acid), palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid), palmitoleic acid [(92) -hexadec-9-enoic acid], Stearic acid (octadecanoic acid), oleic acid [(92) octadec-9-enoic acid], ricinoleic acid (V) derived from decano
- it may be fatty acid mixtures which are obtainable industrially from the processing of natural, vegetable or animal fats and oils, particularly preferably linseed oil, coconut fat, palm kernel oil, palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cottonseed oil, corn oil , Sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or castor oil, very particularly preferably linseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or castor oil.
- natural, vegetable or animal fats and oils particularly preferably linseed oil, coconut fat, palm kernel oil, palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cottonseed oil, corn oil , sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or castor oil, very particularly preferably linseed oil, palm oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter, cottonseed oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, rapeseed oil or castor oil.
- the compounds (V) are obtainable, for example, by reaction of the relevant acids or esters, preferably the C 1 -C 4 -alkyl esters or glycerides, with the structural element R 1 -COO- in formula (V) with the respective alcohol HO - [- Xi-] n -H in an esterification or transesterification under known conditions.
- the relevant acids R 1 -COOH or their salts with alkylene oxides are preferably reacted to the desired mean degree of statistical alkoxylation, preferably under basic conditions. This is particularly preferred when the structural unit X is derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, preferably from ethylene oxide.
- the compounds (V) reduce corrosion, in particular non-ferrous metal corrosion, but can also fulfill other effects in the coolant compositions according to the invention, for example to reduce foam formation (defoamer, defoamer, anti-foaming agent).
- Preferred among the compounds (V) are those which reduce both the foaming and the corrosion, especially the non-ferrous metal corrosion, particularly preferred are those which do not appreciably affect the foaming, but reduce the corrosion, especially the non-ferrous metal corrosion.
- the structural element R 2 -O- is preferably derived from fatty alcohols, which are preferably obtainable by hydrogenation of fatty acids and esters, more preferably by hydrogenation of the abovementioned fatty acids.
- the radical R 2 is a radical R 1 -CH 2 -.
- the fatty alcohols are octyl alcohol (capryl alcohol), nonyl alcohol (pelargonyl alcohol), decyl alcohol (capric alcohol), undecyl alcohol, dodecyl alcohol (lauryl alcohol), tridecyl alcohol, tetradecyl alcohol (myristyl alcohol), pentadecyl alcohol, hexadecyl alcohol (cetyl alcohol, Palmityl alcohol), heptadecyl alcohol, octadecyl alcohol (stearyl alcohol), oleyl alcohol, elaidyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol, linolenoyl alcohol, nade- nadecyl alcohol, eicosyl alcohol (arachyl alcohol) or mixtures thereof.
- the compounds of the formula (VI) are alkoxylated castor oils, particularly preferably hydrogenated alkoxylated castor oils, very particularly preferably ethoxylated, propoxylated and / or butoxylated castor oils, in particular ethoxylated castor oils.
- alcohols having the structural element R 2 -O- are n-octanol, 2-ethylhexanol, 2-propylheptanol, tridekanol isomer mixtures and heptadekanol isomer mixtures. Particular mention should be made of their twenty-fold and forty-fold ethoxylated alkoxylates.
- Tridekanol isomer mixture as the underlying alcohol R 2 -OH is a mixture of 13 carbon atoms having alcohols, more preferably a which is obtainable by hydroformylation of a Ci2-olefin mixture, which in turn is obtainable by oligomerization of an olefin mixture containing predominantly four carbon atoms hydrocarbons.
- this olefin mixture has from 1 to 13 carbon atoms, preferably from 1.1 to 12.9, more preferably from 1.2 to 12.8, very particularly preferably from 1.5 to 12.5 and in particular 11, 8 to 12.2.
- this alcohol R 1 -OH has a mean degree of branching, measured as the ISO index, of from 2.8 to 3.7.
- this alcohol R 2 -OH is obtained by a process as described in WO 00/02978 or WO 00/50543.
- a heptadekanol isomer mixture as the underlying alcohol R 2 -OH is a mixture of alcohols having 17 carbon atoms, more preferably such, which is obtainable by hydroformylation of a Ci 6 -Olefingemisch, which in turn is obtainable by oligomerization of an olefin mixture, containing predominantly four carbon atoms hydrocarbons.
- this olefin mixture has 15 to 17 carbon atoms, preferably 15.1 to 16.9, particularly preferably 15.2 to 16.8, very particularly preferably 15.5 to 16.5 and in particular 15.8 to 16.2 ,
- this alcohol R 1 -OH has an average degree of branching, measured as the ISO index, of from 2.8 to 3.7.
- this alcohol R 1 -OH is obtained by a process as described in WO 2009/124979 A1, there especially page 5, line 4 to page 16, line 29, and the examples of page 19, line 19 to page 21, line 25th , which is hereby incorporated by reference into the present disclosure.
- the product of the transition metal-catalyzed oligomerization of olefins having 2 to 6 carbon atoms can be a C 17 -alcohol mixture having particularly advantageous performance properties.
- a Ci6-olefin mixture is isolated by distillation from the product of the olefin oligomerization and only then subjected to this Ci6-olefin mixture of a hydroformylation.
- Compounds (VI) are preferably obtainable by adding the corresponding alcohols R 2 -OH with alkylene oxides to the desired average degree of statistical alkoxylation reacts, preferably under basic conditions. This is particularly preferred when the structural unit X is derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, preferably from ethylene oxide.
- the compounds (VI) reduce corrosion, in particular the non-ferrous metal corrosion, but can also fulfill other effects in the coolant compositions according to the invention, for example to reduce foam formation (defoamer, defoamer, anti-foaming agent).
- Preferred among the compounds (V) are those which reduce both the foaming and the corrosion, especially the non-ferrous metal corrosion, particularly preferred are those which do not appreciably affect the foaming, but reduce the corrosion, especially the non-ferrous metal corrosion.
- the structural element R 3 -N ⁇ is preferably derived from fatty amines, which are preferably obtainable by hydrogenation and amination of fatty acids and esters, more preferably by hydrogenation and amination of the abovementioned fatty acids or amination of the above mentioned fatty alcohols.
- the remarks on the fatty alcohols apply analogously to the fatty amines.
- alkyl radicals are preferred over the alkenyl radicals.
- the fatty amines are n-hexylamine, 2-methylpentylamine, n-heptylamine, 2-heptylamine, isoheptylamine, 1-methylhexylamine, n-octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, 2-aminooctane, 6-methyl -2-heptylamine, n-nonylamine, isononylamine, n-decylamine and 2-propylheptylamine or mixtures thereof.
- n-hexylamine, n-octylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine and n-decylamine particularly preferably n-octylamine and 2-ethylhexylamine and in particular n-octylamine.
- di-octylamine which has been double, eightfold, twentyfold and fortyfold ethoxylated and eightfold, twentyfold and fortyfold ethoxylated n-hexylamine.
- the degree of alkoxylation relates to the sum (p + q), ie to the average total number of alkoxylation units per molecule of amine.
- the compounds (VII) are preferably obtainable by reacting the corresponding amines R 3 -NH 2 with alkylene oxides to the desired average degree of statistical alkoxylation, preferably under basic conditions. This is particularly preferred when the structural unit X is derived from ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, preferably from ethylene oxide.
- the compounds of the formulas (V) to (VII), preferably the compounds of the formulas (V) and (VII), more preferably the compounds of the formula (VII) are particularly suitable for reducing the non-ferrous metal corrosion when using coolant compositions in Fuel cells and are therefore added to the coolant compositions in a method according to the invention.
- From the antifreeze concentrates according to the invention can be prepared by diluting with ion-free water ready aqueous coolant compositions having a maximum conductivity of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , preferably up to 40 ⁇ / ⁇ , more preferably up to 30 and in particular up to 20 ⁇ / ⁇ , consisting essentially of
- the present invention thus also provides ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions for cooling systems in fuel cells and / or batteries, which consist essentially of
- the ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions according to the invention have an initial electrical conductivity of at most 50 ⁇ / ⁇ , in particular 25 ⁇ / ⁇ , preferably 10 ⁇ / ⁇ , especially 5 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the conductivity is kept at this low level for a long period in continuous operation of the fuel cell, in particular if an integrated ion exchanger cooling system is used in the fuel cell.
- the pH value of the ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions according to the invention drops markedly more slowly over the service life than in the case of cooling liquids which are not additized with the azole derivatives mentioned.
- the pH is usually in the range of 4.5 to 7 fresh coolant compositions according to the invention and usually falls in continuous operation down to 3.5.
- the ion-free water used for dilution may be pure distilled or double-distilled water or deionized water, for example by ion exchange.
- the preferred weight ratio of alkylene glycol or its derivatives to water in the ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions is 20:80 to 80:20, in particular 25:75 to 75:25, preferably 65:35 to 35:65, especially 60: 40 to 40:60.
- alkylene glycol component or derivatives thereof in particular monoethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol and mixtures thereof, but also also monopropylene glycol, dipropylene glycol and mixtures thereof, polyglycols, glycol ethers, for example monoethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol monomethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monomethyl ether, Monoethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, triethylene glycol monoethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol monoethyl ether, monoethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, triethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether and tetraethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether, or glycerol in each case alone or as mixtures thereof be used.
- glycol ethers for example monoethylene glycol
- monoethylene glycol alone or mixtures of monoethylene glycol as the major component i. with a content in the mixture of more than 50% by weight, in particular more than 80% by weight, in particular more than 95% by weight, with other alkylene glycols or derivatives of alkylene glycols.
- the antifreeze concentrates according to the invention themselves, from which the described ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions result, can be obtained by dissolving the said azole derivatives in alkylene glycols or derivatives thereof which are anhydrous or have a low water content (about up to 10% by weight, especially up to 5%) % By weight) can be used.
- the present invention also provides for the use of at least one of the compounds (V), (VI) and / or (VII) for the preparation of antifreeze concentrates for cooling systems in fuel cells and / or batteries, in particular in motor vehicles, particularly preferably in passenger and commercial vehicles , based on alkylene glycols or their derivatives.
- the present invention further provides the use of these antifreeze concentrates for the preparation of ready-to-use aqueous coolant compositions having a maximum conductivity of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ for cooling systems in fuel cells and / or batteries, especially in motor vehicles, more preferably in passenger and commercial vehicles.
- the coolant compositions of the invention can also be used in a fuel cell assembly according to DE-A 101 04 771 (6), in which the cooling medium is additionally electrochemically deionized to prevent corrosion. Examples
- test solutions were tested in accordance with the test specification ASTM D1384, with the modification that the ASTM D1384 aqueous dilution with ASTM water accounts for 33% by volume. Instead, the test fluid (about 50% strength by volume solution with distilled water) was tested without further dilution, since a battery coolant must have a low electrical conductivity of about 20 ⁇ / ⁇ , but ASTM D1384 water has a high electrical conductivity ( triggered by the corrosion accelerators in the form of various cations and anions). Compositions of the test fluids
- compositions of other test fluids are provided.
- Tetraethoxysilane 0, 1 0, 1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0, 1
- Compound 1 Commercially available, statistically 60-times ethoxylated octadecanoic acid.
- Compound 2 commercially available, doubly ethoxylated n-octylamine
- Compound 3 Commercially available, statistically 40 times ethoxylated octadecanoic acid
- Compound 4 Commercially available, on statistical average 20 times ethoxylated cis-carboxylic acid, mixture of saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids
- compositions of further test fluids with tolutriazole as corrosion inhibitor Ingredients Fluid 14 Fluid 15 Fluid 16 Fluid 17 Fluid 18 Fluid 19 Fluid 20
- test fluids are listed in Tables 1 to 23.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (15)
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RU2019119381A RU2762894C2 (ru) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Охлаждающее средство для систем охлаждения в электромобилях с топливными элементами и/или аккумуляторными батареями, содержащее производные азола и дополнительные антикоррозионные средства |
EP17797647.9A EP3545047B1 (de) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Kühlmittel für kühlsysteme in elektrofahrzeugen mit brennstoffzellen und/oder batterien enthaltend azolderivate und zusätzliche korrosionsschutzmittel |
AU2017365083A AU2017365083B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
MX2019005832A MX2019005832A (es) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Refigrerante para sistemas de refrigeración en vehículos eléctricos que tienen baterías y/o pilas de combustible que contienen derivados de azol y protectores adicionales contra la corrosión. |
ES17797647T ES2936411T3 (es) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Refrigerantes para sistemas de refrigeración de vehículos eléctricos con pilas de combustible y/o baterías que contienen derivados azólicos e inhibidores de corrosión adicionales |
KR1020197017154A KR102574561B1 (ko) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | 아졸 유도체 및 추가의 부식 보호제를 함유하는 연료 전지 및/또는 배터리를 갖는 전기 자동차에서의 냉각 시스템용 냉각제 |
BR112019010016-4A BR112019010016B1 (pt) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Composição de refrigerante, método para produzir composições de refrigerante, e, uso de uma composição de refrigerante |
CA3042775A CA3042775A1 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
US16/461,696 US11248155B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
RS20230285A RS64125B1 (sr) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | Rashladno sredstvo za rashladne sisteme električnih vozila sa gorivnim ćelijama ili baterijama koje sadrže derivate azola i dodatna sredstva za zaštitu od korozije |
JP2019547770A JP7101695B2 (ja) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | アゾール誘導体および追加の防食剤を含む、燃料電池および/またはバッテリを備えた電気自動車の冷却システム用クーラント |
CN201780072216.0A CN110023451B (zh) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | 用于具有燃料电池和/或电池的电动车辆中的冷却***的包含唑类衍生物和另外的防腐剂的冷却剂 |
KR1020237016087A KR102638809B1 (ko) | 2016-11-23 | 2017-11-14 | 아졸 유도체 및 추가의 부식 보호제를 함유하는 연료 전지 및/또는 배터리를 갖는 전기 자동차에서의 냉각 시스템용 냉각제 |
ZA2019/03923A ZA201903923B (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2019-06-18 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
US17/567,963 US11702580B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2022-01-04 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
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US17/567,963 Continuation US11702580B2 (en) | 2016-11-23 | 2022-01-04 | Coolant for cooling systems in electric vehicles having fuel cells and/or batteries containing azole derivatives and additional corrosion protectants |
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CN112969770A (zh) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-06-15 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 新的用于燃料电池、储存电池和电池的防冻剂和冷却剂 |
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WO2020094427A1 (de) | 2018-11-06 | 2020-05-14 | Basf Se | Neue gefrierschutz- und kühlmittel für brennstoffzellen, akkumulatoren und batterien |
JP7366131B2 (ja) | 2018-11-06 | 2023-10-20 | ビーエーエスエフ ソシエタス・ヨーロピア | リチウム蓄電池冷却用の新規熱媒液 |
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JP2020105942A (ja) * | 2018-12-26 | 2020-07-09 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用熱マネジメントシステム |
JP7529229B2 (ja) | 2020-04-14 | 2024-08-06 | シーシーアイ株式会社 | 電動車用冷却液組成物 |
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EP3960834A1 (de) | 2020-08-26 | 2022-03-02 | Basf Se | Neuartiges kühlmittel mit niedriger elektrischer leitfähigkeit |
WO2023111687A1 (en) | 2021-12-17 | 2023-06-22 | Cci Holdings, Inc. | Heat transfer system with organic, non-ionic inhibitors compatible with flux exposure in fuel cell operations |
Also Published As
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RU2019119381A (ru) | 2020-12-25 |
EP3545047A1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
KR102638809B1 (ko) | 2024-02-20 |
JP2020512440A (ja) | 2020-04-23 |
RU2019119381A3 (de) | 2021-03-15 |
US20190352553A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
ZA201903923B (en) | 2022-10-26 |
CA3042775A1 (en) | 2018-05-31 |
BR112019010016B1 (pt) | 2023-11-14 |
JP7101695B2 (ja) | 2022-07-15 |
CN110023451A (zh) | 2019-07-16 |
KR20230070529A (ko) | 2023-05-23 |
BR112019010016A2 (pt) | 2019-08-20 |
EP3545047B1 (de) | 2023-01-11 |
RU2762894C2 (ru) | 2021-12-23 |
RS64125B1 (sr) | 2023-05-31 |
CN110023451B (zh) | 2021-06-11 |
KR20190086713A (ko) | 2019-07-23 |
AU2017365083B2 (en) | 2022-06-09 |
US11702580B2 (en) | 2023-07-18 |
MX2019005832A (es) | 2019-08-14 |
AU2017365083A1 (en) | 2019-06-06 |
US11248155B2 (en) | 2022-02-15 |
US20220127510A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
KR102574561B1 (ko) | 2023-09-04 |
ES2936411T3 (es) | 2023-03-16 |
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