WO2018053822A1 - 光能接收装置 - Google Patents
光能接收装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018053822A1 WO2018053822A1 PCT/CN2016/100052 CN2016100052W WO2018053822A1 WO 2018053822 A1 WO2018053822 A1 WO 2018053822A1 CN 2016100052 W CN2016100052 W CN 2016100052W WO 2018053822 A1 WO2018053822 A1 WO 2018053822A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- tapered
- light guiding
- light energy
- guiding device
- Prior art date
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- 201000009310 astigmatism Diseases 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
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- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of clean energy technologies, and in particular, to a light energy receiving device.
- a light energy receiving device comprising a tapered light guiding device having a larger opening at one end and a smaller opening at the other end, and the interior is a reflective surface, the reflective surface being at least partially reflected by astigmatism a divergent reflector is formed; and a light energy utilizing device is disposed at a smaller end of the tapered light guiding device, and the light receiving surface faces the larger end of the tapered light guiding device for receiving the received Light energy is used for energy conversion or utilization.
- the so-called astigmatism mirror is selected from the group consisting of: a convex mirror, a concave reflective Fresnel lens, a non-uniform thickness reflective lens, and a non-uniform refractive index reflective lens.
- a confocal light guiding device is used to realize a concentrating function, and at least partially using an astigmatism mirror to reflect light, so that the offset angle of the incident light can still be large. Effectively Converging incident light onto the light energy utilization device.
- the area of the light energy utilizing device can be reduced, and the utilization efficiency thereof can be improved, compared with the light energy receiving device using the lens concentrating, without using the solar system. In this case, it is possible to better adapt to the large angular shift of sunlight, and thus the present invention has a higher cost performance.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 2;
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 3;
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 4.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 5;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 6;
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a light energy receiving device of Embodiment 7, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a cross-sectional view in a north-south direction.
- One embodiment of the light energy receiving device may include a tapered light guiding device 110 and a light energy utilizing device 120 with reference to FIG.
- One end 111 of the tapered light guiding device 110 has a larger opening and the other end 112 has a smaller opening, and the inside is a reflective surface.
- the reflective surface is formed by an astigmatism mirror.
- a reflective layer such as a reflective coating, may be disposed on the inner surface of the tapered wall; for a reflective lens, the reflective layer may be disposed on the outer surface of the tapered wall.
- the angle of reflection (ie, the exit angle) of the astigmatism mirror is greater than the angle of incidence compared to a conventional mirror.
- Some small angles of incidence (refer to the angle between the incident light and the normal to the reflective surface at the incident, the smaller angle of incidence of sunlight on the tapered wall usually corresponds to a larger off-angle of the sun's direction away from the midday)
- the incident light After the incident light is reflected by the ordinary mirror, it cannot reach the light energy utilization device located at the bottom of the light guiding device, as shown by the dotted arrow in FIG. As shown, this results in a limited viewing angle of the existing tapered light guiding device.
- the use of astigmatism mirrors can effectively increase the light-receiving angle of the light-guiding device, as indicated by the solid arrows in Figure 1, thereby improving the utilization of light energy.
- the astigmatism mirror can be implemented in many ways, for example, a convex mirror, a concave reflective Fresnel lens, a non-uniform thickness reflective lens, a non-uniform refractive index reflective lens, or the like.
- the shape of the concave curved surface may be circumferentially symmetrical or axisymmetric.
- the term "concave" in the so-called concave reflection type Fresnel lens means that the original lens corresponding to the Fresnel unit in the lens is a concave lens.
- the Fresnel lens involved in the present invention can be of various types, for example, a simple Fresnel lens containing only one Fresnel unit, a composite Fresnel lens composed of a plurality of Fresnel units, and only one tooth surface.
- a detailed description of the Fresnel lens can be found in the PCT application entitled "Fresnel Lens System", published on June 2, 2016, International Publication No. WO/2017 /082097, and will not be repeated here.
- a reflective lens of a non-uniform thickness refers to a reflective lens formed by providing a reflective layer at the bottom of a light-transmissive material having a non-uniform thickness.
- the reflective lens of the non-uniform refractive index refers to a reflective lens formed by providing a reflective layer at the bottom of a light-transmitting material having a non-uniform refractive index (combined by a light-transmitting material having different refractive indexes), usually, close to the light guiding device.
- the smaller end of the cornice has a refractive index greater than the refractive index of the larger end of the mouth of the light guiding device.
- the reflective surface inside the light guiding device does not need to be entirely astigmatic mirrors.
- the inner surface of the light guiding device may be divided into a plurality of parts, one part adopts an astigmatism mirror, the other part may be vacant, or set as a common plane mirror, or a louver type single-sided or double-sided mirror (which includes at least Two layers of sloping louvers, one or both sides of each slab being mirrored).
- the number of astigmatism mirrors may be an even number, each pair of astigmatism mirrors belonging to the same or different types, and disposed face to face in a symmetrical or asymmetrical manner.
- a pair of astigmatism mirrors may be disposed face to face in one of the east, west, and north directions, and other mirrors may be employed in the other direction.
- the tapered light guiding device in this embodiment has a circular cross section, which is a simple and easy to fabricate shape.
- the cross section refers to a section perpendicular to the central axis of the light guiding device.
- the shape of the cross section may also be elliptical, polygonal (eg, quadrilateral, hexagonal, or Octagon) and so on. Since the shape of the cross section generally coincides with the shape of the cornice at both ends, the tapered light guiding device can be classified into a conical light guiding device, an elliptical conical light guiding device or a polygonal conical light guiding device according to the shape of the cornice.
- the angle ⁇ of the normal of the mirror surface of the tapered light guiding device at each point of curvature continuous with the normal Lr of the light receiving surface of the light energy utilizing device is preferably greater than 45 Degree is less than 90 degrees.
- curvature continuous point means that the curvature of the mirror at this point is continuous.
- each point is a continuous point of curvature.
- the other positions are continuous points of curvature.
- the light energy utilizing device 120 is disposed on the smaller end 112 of the tapered light guiding device (or may also be referred to as the bottom of the light guiding device), and the light receiving surface faces the larger end of the tapered light guiding device. , used for energy conversion or utilization of received light energy.
- the light energy utilization device used in the present invention may be various devices for converting light energy into other energy, such as photoelectric conversion devices (e.g., various photovoltaic panels, photovoltaic films, etc.), photothermal conversion devices, and the like. It can be used alone or in cascade with other energy utilization devices, such as cascading photoelectric conversion devices with thermal energy consumers to achieve higher solar energy utilization efficiency.
- the central axis of the light receiving surface of the light energy utilizing device is preferably coincident or parallel with the central axis of the tapered light guiding device.
- the light-receiving surface of the light-utilizing device is a flat surface, and the central axis thereof coincides with the normal of the center point.
- the light-receiving surface of the light energy utilizing device may also be a pointed cone (eg, a conical or a square cone, etc.) or a strip-shaped cone (ie, the top is a line instead of a point) Cone or cone-shaped, and the smaller end (spike end) is oriented in the direction of the light path.
- the tapered light-receiving surface reduces the area of the light-receiving surface, so that the concentrating ratio is reduced, but the angle between the light-receiving surface and the incident light can be effectively improved, thereby improving light reception and usage efficiency.
- the tapered light energy can be provided with a heat absorbing material inside the vertebral body of the device, so that the light energy can utilize the heat dissipation of the device or utilize the heat energy.
- the central axis of the light receiving surface is the central axis of the cone, such as a rotational symmetry axis.
- the larger end 111 of the tapered light guiding device is closed by a light transmissive material (for example, a flat or curved glass plate or a transparent plastic plate) 113, so that Conical guide
- a light transmissive material for example, a flat or curved glass plate or a transparent plastic plate
- the inner wall of the optical device and the light-receiving surface of the light-utilizing device together form a closed space.
- the advantage of such a closed structure is that foreign matter (such as dust or rain, etc.) is blocked by the transparent top cover, thereby avoiding affecting the work efficiency or service life of the light energy utilization device.
- the light energy utilization device adopts a photovoltaic panel
- closing the two openings of the tapered light guiding device can reduce the packaging requirements for the photovoltaic panel, and the surface packaging of the photovoltaic panel has always been an important factor restricting the life of the photovoltaic panel.
- the inside of the closed conical light guiding device may be evacuated or filled with an inert gas such as helium, argon, helium, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc., and the surface of the photovoltaic panel may be directly exposed to the vacuum without packaging.
- inert gas not only can better heat dissipation, but also help to increase its life.
- a gap between the smaller end of the tapered light guiding device and the edge of the light energy utilizing device may be provided so that foreign matter falling into the light guiding device can be discharged through the slit.
- This embodiment shows a basic structure of a light energy receiving device according to the present invention, which realizes concentrating by means of an astigmatism mirror on the inner surface of the tapered device, in response to the large angle offset of sunlight. Also has excellent cost performance.
- FIG. 2 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 2, including a tapered light guiding device 2 10, a light energy utilizing device 220, and a vibrator 230.
- the first embodiment solves the problem that the tapered light guiding device is easy to accumulate dust by adopting a closed structure, and the present embodiment adopts a split structure. Self-cleaning of one or more light-receiving surfaces by setting a vibrator.
- the floating structure of the embodiment not only saves the transparent material of the larger end of the tapered light guiding device, reduces the cost and reduces the reflection loss, but also makes the heat dissipation performance of the tapered light guiding device better.
- this embodiment utilizes a strip cone rather than a planar light energy utilizing device. The use of tapered light energy utilizes devices to improve the angle at which light can be incident on the device and improve the efficiency of light energy utilization.
- the tapered light guiding device 210 has a quadrangular shape, and a larger end 211 of the opening is open, and the other end 212 having a smaller opening is separated from the edge of the light energy utilizing device 220 through the slit 214.
- the inner surface of the tapered light guiding device 210 is divided into four pieces, one pair (for example, a pair disposed in the north-south direction) using the astigmatism mirror 2101, and the other pair (for example, a pair disposed in the east-west direction).
- Each louvered double-sided mirror includes two layers of lobes that are inclined from the top to the bottom center, and each side of the louvers is a mirror surface.
- Each blade is supported by a rod 215.
- the vibrator 230 includes a vibrating element 231 and its driving circuit (not shown).
- Each of the vibrating elements is mechanically coupled to at least one of the light-receiving surfaces of the apparatus to cause it to vibrate, and the vibrating foreign matter can be discharged through the slits 214.
- the vibrating member 231 is mounted on the tapered light guiding device.
- each of the vibrating elements can cause the entire light-receiving device to vibrate by mechanical connection, but the light-receiving surface of the directly-mounted vibrating element can have a better self-cleaning effect, so that one or more vibrators can be configured according to the needs of the application.
- the transparent top cover 113 in Embodiment 1 may be provided with a vibrator to self-clean it.
- the vibrating element In order to achieve a good vibration effect, the vibrating element generally operates in a resonant mode.
- the "mechanical resonance frequency" of the vibrating element in the working chamber should not be understood as the mechanical resonance frequency of the isolated or separated vibrating element, but the mechanical resonance frequency of the vibrating element in the current installation state.
- it can be calculated by well-known mathematical means according to the actual device structure, or obtained by experimental measurement.
- the driving circuit of the vibrator includes at least one inductance element and at least one capacitance element connected in series, so that the circuit resonance frequency COC of the driving circuit can be set to be in phase with the mechanical resonance frequency com of the vibration element.
- Match including the same or close.
- the term "frequency” as used herein refers to the circular frequency ⁇ .
- For the mechanical motion frequency f, which is usually expressed as "times/second”, it can be converted according to the well-known formula co 2 tf.
- the vibrator When the frequency of the drive signal (alternating current or voltage) input to the drive circuit is coc ⁇ , the vibrator can operate in the "double resonance" state of mechanical and circuit resonance. In the dual resonance state, the power consumption of the drive circuit is significantly reduced, thereby reducing the cost of using the self-cleaning function.
- the vibrators can be designed in different types.
- the vibrator may be a piezoelectric vibrator, and the vibrating element employs a piezoelectric element (for example, a piezoelectric vibrating piece) which is connected in series in the driving circuit and serves as a capacitive element in the driving circuit; or, the vibrator may be In the electromagnetic vibrator, the vibrating element adopts a sheet-like magnetic material which is not a part of the driving circuit, and the driving circuit excites the sheet-like magnetized material to generate vibration through the inductance element.
- the "mechanical resonance frequency" of the vibrating element in the working state is related to the installation structure. Therefore, it is possible to cause a drift of the mechanical resonance frequency after installation.
- the inductive or capacitive element in the drive circuit can preferably be arranged as a parameter-adjustable element so that the drive circuit can be parameterized after installation to maintain a match with the mechanical resonant frequency.
- the inductance element in the drive circuit can be made adjustable; for the electromagnetic vibrator, the capacitance element in the drive circuit can be made adjustable. Accordingly, an external power supply that provides a drive signal should also employ an alternating power supply with an adjustable output frequency.
- the vibrator can be manually activated, or the control circuit can be preferably configured to perform the cleaning operation in a fixed manner or in accordance with an external command or under a set condition to improve the intelligence of the self-cleaning function.
- the control circuit can only have the control function of the fixed cleaning.
- the control circuit can also initiate the cleaning operation according to the set conditions.
- the setting conditions may be set weather conditions, such as rain, snow, wind, and the like.
- the setting conditions may also be an excess of power generation, so that excess power can be used for preventive cleaning, further reducing the need for energy consumption.
- the setting condition may also be the degree of cleaning of at least one of the light receiving surfaces vibrated by the vibrator.
- the sensor can be set to determine whether the set condition is met, or by further configuring the communication module to obtain an external command or weather forecast to provide the control circuit with the required information.
- the communication module can also be used to communicate between multiple light-emitting devices (for example, status notification or linkage).
- the communication mode of the communication module can be selected from the group consisting of infrared communication, WiFi, Bluetooth communication, 3G/4G/5G communication, optical communication, and the like.
- a vibrator for self-cleaning of the light-receiving surface
- conventional cleaning methods may alternatively or additionally be employed.
- a water spray pipe, a vacuum pipe or an electric brush (not shown) can be arranged.
- the water spray pipe can be used to spray water onto the light receiving surface
- the dust suction pipe can be used to suck foreign matter on the light receiving surface
- the electric brush can be used for brushing the light receiving surface.
- the control circuit controls the water spray pipe or the suction pipe to work in tandem with the vibrator for enhanced cleaning.
- the light energy receiving device of the present embodiment can achieve self-cleaning, thereby maintaining efficient operation for a long period of time.
- FIG. 3 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention can refer to FIG. 3, including a tapered light guiding device 310, a light energy utilizing device 320, a vibrator 330, and a light source tracking mechanism 340.
- the tapered light guiding device 310 in this embodiment is similar to that in Embodiment 2, and a pair of astigmatism mirrors 3101 are used in the north-south direction, but a pair of simple plane mirrors 3102 are used in the east-west direction.
- the light energy utilization device 320 employs a planar photovoltaic device.
- a light source tracking mechanism is further disposed.
- the tapered light guiding device and the light energy utilizing device are mounted on the light source tracking mechanism, and the light source tracking mechanism is configured to rotate according to the movement of the light source.
- the light from the light source is made to have a minimum angle with the central axis of the tapered light guiding device.
- the back surface of the light energy utilizing device 320 in this embodiment is fixed to the lateral rotating shaft 341 of the light source tracking mechanism 340.
- the shaft 341 is rotatable as the sun moves, so that the mouth of the light guiding device is always facing the direction of the sun.
- the vibrator 330 employs an electromagnetic vibrator whose magnetized material sheet 331 is fixed to the rotating shaft 341.
- the light energy receiving device with the concentrating function can achieve the best light energy collecting effect by using the same light source tracking mechanism. Since the tapered light guiding device according to the present invention is not extremely sensitive to the shift of light, the light source tracking mechanism in this embodiment employs a single-axis helio-day system, which can satisfy the requirements of applications in most cases. In other embodiments, a two-axis heel system can also be employed for better tracking.
- This embodiment can be used to improve a solar power station that has been built with a Japanese system but does not use a concentrating device, and directly install a tapered light guiding device on its light energy utilizing device (usually a photovoltaic panel). , able to effectively increase power generation and power generation without significantly increasing the cost and land area
- FIG. 4 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 4, including a tapered light guiding device 4 10, a light energy utilizing device 420, a thermal energy consumer 450, and a thermoelectric converter 460.
- the tapered light guiding device 410 in this embodiment adopts a closed structure similar to that in Embodiment 1, but there are two differences.
- the top transparent cover 413 adopts a Fresnel condenser lens
- the cavity of the tapered light guiding device is further filled with an optical gas 4103.
- the so-called optical gas is a gas with a refractive index greater than 1, such as acetone , methanol, alcohol, freon, etc., or a mixture of a gas having a refractive index greater than 1 and other gases.
- a detailed description of the Fresnel lens can be found in the PCT application entitled "Fresnel Lens System", published on June 2, 2016, International Publication No. WO/2017/082097, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated herein.
- the light energy utilizing device 420 has a conical light receiving surface, and can be specifically made of a flexible photovoltaic film.
- a thermoelectric converter 460 is disposed within the tapered cavity formed by the photovoltaic film, and the optical energy utilizing device 420 is thermally coupled to the thermal energy consumer 450 through the thermoelectric converter.
- a thermoelectric converter and a thermal energy multiplexer connected to the light energy utilizing device are further disposed on the basis of the apparatus of the first embodiment to realize more full utilization of solar energy.
- the thermal energy consumer 450 is disposed below the light energy utilization device and the thermoelectric converter.
- the thermal energy device is a container for heating the working medium, which can not only utilize the heat generated by the photovoltaic device, but also cool the photovoltaic device.
- the working fluid in the container may be selected, for example, from water, alcohol, diethyl ether, freon, or mixtures thereof.
- the container can be used to implement different functions. For example, the container can be used for seawater desalination, seawater acting as a working medium can be replenished into the container through the pipe 451, and the vaporized fresh water vapor can be discharged through the pipe 452.
- the container may also be a simple hot water container, and cold water acting as a working medium may be replenished into the container through the pipe 451, and the heated hot water may be discharged through the pipe 452.
- the vessel can also function as a vaporization tank for a steam power generation system that is connected to an external turbine generator and compressor (not shown) through a closed loop through conduits 451 and 452, using steamed steam to generate electricity.
- the thermal energy generator can also be a Stirling thermal generator.
- thermoelectric converter 460 is disposed on the thermal energy path between the photovoltaic device 420 and the thermal energy consumer 450 for generating electricity using a temperature difference between the photovoltaic device and the thermal energy consumer.
- the thermoelectric converter preferably employs a high efficiency semiconductor thermoelectric diode device.
- the thermoelectric converter can also be omitted to directly connect the photovoltaic device to the thermal energy consumer via a thermally conductive material.
- This embodiment can have a larger concentration ratio and light than the first embodiment by superimposing the optical effects of the top Fresnel lens, the optical gas in the tapered light guiding device, and the astigmatism mirror. Can receive angles. Further, in comparison with Embodiment 2, the tapered light energy in the present embodiment is further provided with a thermoelectric converter in the device, and solar energy can be utilized more efficiently.
- Example 5 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention may refer to FIG. 5, including a plurality of tapered light guiding devices 510, corresponding tapered light energy utilizing devices 520, thermal energy consumers 550, and thermoelectric converters. 560 and concentrating device 570.
- Embodiment 4 One of the differences between this embodiment and Embodiment 4 is that a plurality of tapered light guiding devices are used in combination, and the light energy utilizing device 520 is correspondingly disposed at the smaller end of each of the tapered light guiding devices. And the taper end of the light receiving surface faces the larger end of the light guiding device (shown by a broken line in the figure), and the thermal energy utilizer 550 and the thermoelectric converter 560 are shared by the plurality of light energy utilizing devices. Similar to the embodiment 4, the thermal energy consumer 550 can also communicate with external devices through the pipes 551 and 552.
- the present embodiment is further provided with a light collecting means on the optical path before the tapered light guiding device.
- the concentrating device used in the present invention may preferably employ a Fresnel lens.
- the Fresnel lens used may be transmissive or a reflective Fresnel lens having a reflecting surface.
- a reflective Fresnel lens is used in this embodiment to converge the incident light SS and reflect it to the larger end of the tapered light guiding device.
- FIG. 6 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention can refer to FIG. 6, including a tapered light guiding device 6
- the tapered light guiding device in this embodiment adopts a pair of astigmatism mirrors 6101 and 6101' in the north-south direction, and may be empty in the east-west direction or adopt other types of mirrors.
- the light energy utilization device 620 uses a planar photovoltaic panel.
- the two astigmatism mirrors in this embodiment belong to different types and are arranged face to face in an asymmetrical manner.
- the astigmatism mirror 6101 is a non-uniform refractive index reflective lens comprising a reflective layer FF and three transparent materials having a refractive index respectively ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2, and ⁇ 3 disposed on the reflective layer, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3.
- This structure allows light rays that are reflected by ordinary mirrors to exit the light guiding device to converge to the photovoltaic panel at the bottom of the light guiding device.
- the term "light incident at a small incident angle” refers to light having a small angle between the incident direction and the normal of the reflective surface at the incident (for a tapered light guiding device, this usually corresponds to a larger direction in which the sunlight deviates from the midday ⁇ .
- the deflector of the present embodiment although having a non-circumferentially symmetrical shape, can also approximately take the normal at the center of the photovoltaic panel as its central axis.
- the astigmatism mirror 610 is a non-uniform thickness reflective lens including a reflective layer FF and a transparent material having a non-uniform thickness of refractive index ⁇ disposed on the reflective layer. It acts like a convex surface (for example, a rotationally symmetric convex surface, an axisymmetric convex surface (ie, cylindrical surface)) mirror.
- FIG. 7 Another embodiment of the light energy receiving device according to the present invention can be referred to FIG. 7, wherein (a) is a perspective view and (b) is a cross-sectional view in a north-south direction.
- the device includes a tapered light guiding device 710 and a light energy utilizing device 720.
- the tapered light guiding device in this embodiment is divided into four parts from east to west and north, and a concave reflective Fresnel lens 7101 is used in the north (the focus of the Fresnel unit included is on one axis), An upright plane mirror 7101' is used in the south, and a louver-type double-sided mirror 7102 is provided in the east and west.
- the light energy utilization device 720 uses a planar photovoltaic panel.
- the tapered light guiding device in this embodiment adopts different types of reflecting surfaces not only in the east-west direction and the north-south direction, but also different types and structurally asymmetric reflecting surfaces on the south and north sides, respectively.
- the astigmatic mirror concave-reflective Fresnel lens
- the astigmatism mirror is used in both the north and the south
- the concentrating ratio can be made. Bigger.
- the angle ⁇ between the south and north faces in Figure 7 can be designed to be greater than the north-south seasonal deflection angle of the sun (46 degrees;).
- a Fresnel condenser lens (not shown) may be further disposed over the tapered light guiding device 710 to obtain a larger concentration ratio.
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Abstract
一种光能接收装置,包括一锥形导光器件(110,210,310,410,510,610,710),其一端(111,211)开口较大而另一端(112,212)开口较小,且内部为反光面,该反光面至少部分由散光反射镜(2101,3101, 6101,6101')形成;和一光能利用器件(120, 220,320,420,520,620,720),设置于锥形导光器件(110,210,310,410,510,610,710)开口较小的一端(112,212),其受光面朝向锥形导光器件(110,210,310,410,510,610, 710)开口较大的一端(111,211),用于对接收到的光能进行能量转换或利用。由于采用锥形导光器件(110,210,310,410,510,610,710)来实现聚光功能,且至少部分地采用散光反射镜(2101,3101, 6101,6101')来反光,使得太阳光在偏离正午时的方向的角度较大的情况下仍能有效地被汇聚到光能利用器件(120,220,320, 420,520,620,720)上,具有更优秀的性价比。
Description
光能接收装置
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及清洁能源技术领域, 具体涉及一种光能接收装置。
[0002] 背景技术
[0003] 随着对环境保护的日益重视, 太阳能***得到了越来越广泛的应用。 为提高收 集太阳光的能力, 出现了聚光式太阳能***, 其一般通过透镜将太阳光聚焦在 光能利用器件例如光伏板上, 使得较小面积的光能利用器件能够得到来自较大 面积的透镜所会聚的太阳光。
[0004] 然而, 在采用透镜聚光的情况下, ***常常具有较高的聚光比。 这可能导致光 能利用器件具有过高的温度, 从而需要配置额外的冷却***, 或者只能进行光 热转换形式的利用。 因此, 对于不需要太高聚光比的情形, 更加经济的光能接 收装置是值得研究的。
[0005] 也有提出利用多面体椎形的导光器件来进行低倍聚光的方法, 例如公告日为 20 11年 9月 21日, 公告号为 CN201985139U, 名称为 "低倍聚光太阳能电池"的中国 专利。 然而在这些方案中并未考虑太阳光发生大角度偏转的情况, 在很多吋候 , 太阳光的照射角度使得经锥形导光器件汇聚的太阳光与光伏板的中心轴线之 间具有很大的夹角, 因而难以得到期望的聚光比以及光能利用效率。
[0006] 发明内容
[0007] 依据本发明提供一种光能接收装置, 包括一锥形导光器件, 其一端幵口较大而 另一端幵口较小, 且内部为反光面, 该反光面至少部分由散光反射镜 (divergent reflector) 形成; 和一光能利用器件, 设置于锥形导光器件幵口较小的一端, 其 受光面朝向锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端, 用于对接收到的光能进行能量转换 或利用。 所称散光反射镜选自: 凸面反射镜、 凹形反射式菲涅尔透镜、 非均匀 厚度的反射式透镜、 非均匀折射率的反射式透镜。
[0008] 依据本发明的光能接收装置, 采用锥形导光器件来实现聚光功能, 且至少部分 地采用散光反射镜来反光, 使得在入射光的偏移角度较大的情况下仍能有效地
将入射光汇聚到光能利用器件上。 与不具有聚光器件的常规光能接收装置相比 , 能够减少光能利用器件的面积, 提高其利用效率, 而与采用透镜聚光的光能 接收装置相比, 在不使用跟日***的情况下能够更好地适应太阳光的大角度偏 移, 因而本发明具有更高的性价比。
[0009] 以下结合附图, 对依据本发明的具体示例进行详细说明。
[0010] 附图说明
[0011] 图 1是实施例 1的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0012] 图 2是实施例 2的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0013] 图 3是实施例 3的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0014] 图 4是实施例 4的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0015] 图 5是实施例 5的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0016] 图 6是实施例 6的光能接收装置的示意图;
[0017] 图 7是实施例 7的光能接收装置的示意图, 其中 (a)为立体图, (b)为南北方向的 截面图。
[0018]
[0019] 具体实施方式
[0020] 实施例 1
[0021] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的一种实施方式可参考图 1, 包括锥形导光器件 110 和光能利用器件 120。
[0022] 锥形导光器件 110的一端 111幵口较大而另一端 112幵口较小, 且内部为反光面
, 该反光面由散光反射镜形成。 对于单层的反射镜, 其反射层, 例如反射镀膜 , 可以设置在锥形壁的内表面; 对于反射式透镜, 则反射层可以设置在锥形壁 的外表面。 通过内部镜面的反射, 锥形导光器件能够将幵口较大的一端收集的 太阳光汇集到幵口较小的一端, 实现低成本的聚光功能。
[0023] 与普通反射镜相比, 散光反射镜的反射角 (亦即出射角) 大于入射角。 某些小 入射角度 (指入射光与入射处反光面的法线的夹角, 太阳光在锥形壁上的较小 的入射角度通常对应于太阳光偏离正午吋的方向的较大的偏角) 的入射光经普 通反射镜反射后不能到达位于导光器件底部的光能利用器件, 如图 1中虚线箭头
所示, 这使得现有的锥形导光器件的收光角度有限。 而采用散光反射镜则能够 有效扩大导光器件的收光角度, 如图 1中实线箭头所示, 从而提高光能利用率。
[0024] 散光反射镜的实现方法很多, 例如可采用: 凸面反射镜、 凹形反射式菲涅尔透 镜、 非均匀厚度的反射式透镜、 非均匀折射率的反射式透镜等。 所称凹形的曲 面形状可以是圆周对称的, 也可以是轴对称的。 所称凹形反射式菲涅尔透镜中 的"凹形"是指该透镜中的菲涅尔单元所对应的原始透镜为凹透镜。 本发明中涉及 的菲涅尔透镜可以采用各种类型, 例如, 只含有一个菲涅尔单元的简单菲涅尔 透镜, 由多个菲涅尔单元组成的复合菲涅尔透镜, 只有一个齿面的单面菲涅尔 透镜, 两面均为齿面的双面菲涅尔透镜, 所有菲涅尔单元的焦点均在一个轴 ( 或一个点) 上的同轴 (或同心) 菲涅尔透镜等。 关于菲涅尔透镜的详细介绍可 参见名称为"菲涅尔透镜***", 公布日为 2016年 6月 2日, 国际公布号为 WO/2016 /082097的 PCT申请, 在此不再赘述。
[0025] 所称非均匀厚度的反射式透镜是指通过在厚度不均匀的透光材料底部设置反射 层形成的反射式透镜。 所称非均匀折射率的反射式透镜是指在折射率不均匀的 透光材料 (可由不同折射率的透光材料组合而成) 底部设置反射层形成的反射 式透镜, 通常, 靠近导光器件的幵口较小的一端的折射率大于靠近导光器件的 幵口较大的一端的折射率。
[0026] 在其他实施方式中, 根据应用的需要, 导光器件内部的反光面并不需要全部采 用散光反射镜。 可以将导光器件的内表面分成多个部分, 一部分采用散光反射 镜, 其他部分可以空缺, 或者设置为普通的平面反射镜, 或设置为百叶窗式的 单面或双面反射镜 (其包括至少两层倾斜的叶板, 每层叶板的一面或两面为反 射镜面) 。 例如, 散光反射镜的数目可以为偶数个, 每对散光反射镜属于相同 或不同的类型, 并且以对称或不对称的方式面对面地设置。 优选地, 一对散光 反射镜可以沿东西和南北方向之一面对面地设置, 而在另一方向上采用其他反 射镜。
[0027] 作为一种示例, 本实施例中的锥形导光器件的横截面为圆形, 这是一种简单而 容易制作的形状。 所称横截面是指垂直于导光器件的中心轴线的截面。 在其他 实施方式中, 横截面的形状也可以是椭圆形、 多边形 (例如四边形、 六边形或
八边形) 等。 由于横截面的形状通常与两端的幵口形状一致, 因此可以根据幵 口的形状将锥形导光器件分为圆锥形导光器件、 椭圆锥形导光器件或多边锥形 导光器件等。
[0028] 然而无论导光器件的横截面采用何种形状, 为了将射入其幵口较大的一端的光 线 SS (通常可视为平行光) 尽可能多地引导到幵口较小的一端 (从而能照射到 光能利用器件上) , 锥形导光器件的镜面在每一个曲率连续点处的法线 Lm与光 能利用器件的受光面的法线 Lr的夹角 Θ优选地大于 45度且小于 90度。 所称曲率连 续点是指, 在该点处镜面的曲率是连续的。 对于光滑曲面而言, 每一处均为曲 率连续点, 对于折面而言, 除了折线处以外, 其他位置均为曲率连续点。
[0029] 光能利用器件 120设置于锥形导光器件幵口较小的一端 112 (或者也可称为导光 器件的底部) , 其受光面朝向锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端, 用于对接收到的 光能进行能量转换或利用。 本发明中所使用的光能利用器件可以是各种将光能 转换为其它能量的器件, 例如光电转换器件 (例如各种光伏板、 光伏薄膜等) 、 光热转换器件等。 其可以单独使用, 也可以与其它能量利用装置级联使用, 例如将光电转换器件与热能利用器级联, 以实现更高的太阳能利用效率。
[0030] 为了能更好地接收导光器件所汇聚的光线, 光能利用器件的受光面的中心轴线 优选地与锥形导光器件的中心轴线一致或平行。 本实施例中的光能利用器件的 受光面为平面, 则其中心轴线与中心点的法线一致。
[0031] 在其他实施方式中, 优选地, 光能利用器件的受光面还可以为尖锥形 (例如圆 锥形或方锥形等) 或条锥形 (即顶部为一条线而不是一个点的锥形) 或锥台形 , 且面积较小的一端 (尖锥端) 朝向光路入射的方向。 采用锥形的受光面与传 统的平面受光面相比虽然增加了受光面的面积, 使得聚光比有所降低, 但是能 有效改善受光面与入射光之间的夹角, 从而提高光线的接收和利用效率。 锥形 光能利用器件的椎体内部可以设置吸热材料, 以实现光能利用器件的散热或对 热能进行利用。 对于锥形光能利用器件, 其受光面的中心轴线即为该锥形的中 心轴线, 例如旋转对称轴。
[0032] 作为一种优选的实施方式, 本实施例中, 锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端 111由 透光材料 (例如一块平面或曲面的玻璃板或透明塑料板) 113封闭, 使得锥形导
光器件的内壁以及光能利用器件的受光面共同围成封闭空间。 这种封闭结构的 好处在于, 使得异物 (例如灰尘或雨水等) 被透明的顶盖所阻隔, 从而避免影 响光能利用器件的工作效率或使用寿命。
[0033] 当光能利用器件采用光伏板吋, 将锥形导光器件的两个幵口封闭能够降低对光 伏板的封装要求, 而光伏板的表面封装一直是制约光伏板寿命的一个重要因素 。 进一步优选地, 可以对封闭的锥形导光器件内部作抽真空处理或填充惰性气 体, 例如氦气、 氩气、 氙气、 氮气、 二氧化碳等, 则光伏板的表面可以无需封 装而直接裸露在真空或惰性气体中, 不仅能够更好地散热, 还有助于增加其寿 命。
[0034] 在其他实施方式中, 也可以使锥形导光器件幵口较小的一端与光能利用器件的 边缘之间具有缝隙, 以使得落入导光器件内的异物能够通过缝隙被排出。
[0035] 本实施例示出了依据本发明的光能接收装置的一种基本结构, 其通过锥形器件 内表面的散光反射镜来实现聚光, 在适应太阳光的大角度偏移的同吋还具有优 秀的性价比。
[0036] 实施例 2
[0037] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 2, 包括锥形导光器件 2 10, 光能利用器件 220和振动器 230。
[0038] 本实施例与实施例 1的主要区别在于, 首先, 实施例 1通过采用封闭式的结构来 解决锥形导光器件容易积聚灰尘的问题, 而本实施例则采用幵放式的结构, 通 过设置振动器来实现一个或多个受光面的自清洁。 本实施例的幵放式结构, 不 仅可省去锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端的透明材料, 降低成本和减少反射损失 , 也使得锥形导光器件的散热性能更好。 其次, 本实施例采用条锥形而不是平 面光能利用器件。 使用锥形光能利用器件可改善光线入射光能利用器件的角度 并提高光能利用效率。
[0039] 锥形导光器件 210的幵口形状为四边形, 其幵口较大的一端 211敞幵, 其幵口较 小的另一端 212通过缝隙 214与光能利用器件 220的边缘隔幵。
[0040] 锥形导光器件 210的内表面分成四块, 其中一对 (例如设置在南北方向上的一 对) 采用散光反射镜 2101, 另一对 (例如设置在东西方向上的一对) 采用百叶
窗式的双面反射镜 2102。 每个百叶窗式的双面反射镜包括两层由顶部向底部中 心倾斜的叶板, 每层叶板的两面均为反射镜面。 每块叶板通过杆 215进行支撑。
[0041] 振动器 230包括一振动元件 231及其驱动电路 (未图示) 。 每个振动元件分别与 装置中的至少一个受光面机械连接以带动其进行振动, 振落的异物可以通过缝 隙 214排出。 振动元件 231安装在锥形导光器件上。 显然每个振动元件都可以通 过机械连接关系使整个光能接收装置产生抖动, 但直接安装振动元件的受光面 会具有更好的自清洁效果, 因此可以根据应用的需要配置一个或多个振动器。 例如, 可以为实施例 1中的透明顶盖 113配置振动器以对其进行自清洁。
[0042] 为了达到良好的振动效果, 振动元件通常工作于共振模态。 需要注意的是, 振 动元件在工作吋所具有的"机械共振频率 "不应被理解为孤立的或分离的振动元件 的机械共振频率, 而是振动元件在当前安装状态下的机械共振频率, 这通常与 振动元件所固定连接的机械结构有关, 可根据实际装置结构, 采用公知数学手 段进行计算, 或者通过实验测量来获得。
[0043] 作为一种优选的实施方式, 振动器的驱动电路包括串联的至少一个电感元件和 至少一个电容元件, 使得能够将驱动电路的电路共振频率 COC设置为与振动元件 的机械共振频率 com相匹配 (包括相同或接近) 。 本文中所称"频率"均指圆频率 ω, 对于通常采用 "次 /秒"来表示的机械运动频率 f, 可按照周知的公式 co=2 tf进行 换算。 上述特性可以被简单地表示为 coc=com=lW(L*C), 其中 L和 C分别为与驱动 电路等效的串联 LC回路的电感值和电容值。 当输入驱动电路的驱动信号 (交变 电流或电压) 的频率为 coc吋, 振动器即可工作于机械和电路同吋共振的"双共振 "状态。 在双共振状态下, 驱动电路的功耗将明显降低, 从而降低自清洁功能的 使用成本。
[0044] 根据不同的机电转换原理, 振动器可以被设计为不同的类型。 例如, 振动器可 以是压电振动器, 振动元件采用压电元件 (例如压电振动片) , 其串联在驱动 电路中并同吋充当为驱动电路中的电容元件; 或者, 振动器也可以是电磁振动 器, 振动元件采用片状受磁材料, 其不是驱动电路的一部分, 驱动电路通过电 感元件激发片状受磁材料产生振动。
[0045] 需要注意的是, 由于振动元件在工作状态下的"机械共振频率 "与安装结构有关
, 因此可能在安装后产生机械共振频率的漂移。 可以优选地将驱动电路中的电 感元件或电容元件设置为参数可调的元件, 从而在安装后能够对驱动电路进行 参数调整以保持与机械共振频率的匹配。 优选的实施方式是, 对于压电振动器 , 可以将驱动电路中的电感元件设为可调; 对于电磁振动器, 可以将驱动电路 中的电容元件设为可调。 相应地, 提供驱动信号的外部电源也应当采用输出频 率可调的交变电源。
[0046] 振动器可以手动启动, 或者也可以优选地配置控制电路, 定吋地或按照外部指 令或在设定条件下启动振动器执行清洁操作, 以提高自清洁功能的智能化程度 。 在简单的情况下, 控制电路可以只具备定吋清洁的控制功能。 为了更精确地 控制执行清洁操作的吋机, 控制电路也可以根据设定条件来启动清洁操作。 设 定条件可以是设定的气象条件, 例如下雨、 下雪、 刮风等。 设定条件也可以是 发电过剩的情况, 从而可以利用过剩的电能进行预防性清洁, 进一步降低对能 耗的需求。 设定条件还可以是至少一个被振动器振动的受光面的清洁程度。 可 通过设置传感器来判断设定条件是否满足, 或者通过进一步配置通信模块来获 取外部指令或天气预报来为控制电路提供所需要的信息。 通信模块除了用于与 远程的控制中心进行通信以外, 也可用于在多个光能接收装置之间进行通信 ( 例如进行状态通知或联动幵启) 。 通信模块的通信方式可选自红外通信, WiFi , 蓝牙通信, 3G/4G/5G通信, 光通信等。
[0047] 除了使用振动器来进行受光面的自清洁以外, 替代地或补充地, 也可采用传统 的清洁方式。 例如, 可配置喷水管道, 吸尘管道或电动刷子等 (未图示) 。 其 中, 喷水管道可用于向受光面喷水, 吸尘管道可用于抽吸受光面上的异物, 而 电动刷子可用于对受光面进行刷洗。 控制电路可控制喷水管道或吸尘管道与振 动器同吋工作以获得增强地清洁效果。
[0048] 通过配置振动器, 本实施例光能接收装置能够实现自清洁, 从而长期保持高效 率地运行。
[0049] 实施例 3
[0050] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 3, 包括锥形导光器件 3 10, 光能利用器件 320, 振动器 330和光源跟踪机构 340。
[0051] 本实施例中的锥形导光器件 310与实施例 2中类似, 在南北方向上采用一对散光 反射镜 3101, 不过在东西方向上则采用一对简单的平面反射镜 3102, 其与光能 利用器件 320之间具有缝隙 314。 光能利用器件 320采用平面光伏器件。
[0052] 本实施例与实施例 2的主要区别在于, 还配置了光源跟踪机构, 锥形导光器件 和光能利用器件安装在光源跟踪机构上, 光源跟踪机构用于跟随光源的移动而 转动, 使得来自光源的光线与锥形导光器件的中心轴线具有最小的夹角。 具体 地, 本实施例中的光能利用器件 320的背面固定在光源跟踪机构 340的横向转轴 3 41上。 转轴 341可随着太阳的移动而转动, 从而使导光器件的幵口始终对着太阳 的方向。
[0053] 振动器 330采用电磁振动器, 其受磁材料片 331固定在转轴 341上。
[0054] 一般而言, 带有聚光功能的光能接收装置在与光源跟踪机构同吋使用吋能达到 最佳的光能收集效果。 由于依据本发明的锥形导光器件对于光线的偏移不是十 分敏感, 因此本实施例中的光源跟踪机构采用了单轴跟日***, 这能够满足大 多数情况下的应用的要求。 在其他实施方式中, 也可以采用双轴跟日***以获 得更好的跟踪效果。
[0055] 在采用单轴跟日***的情况下, 通常是在东西方向上转动以进行跟日, 因此, 锥形导光器件在东西方向上的锥面与锥形的中心轴线之间的夹角可以减小到最 佳的 45度。
[0056] 本实施例可用于对已经建成的具有跟日***但未采用聚光装置的太阳能电站进 行改进, 直接在其光能利用器件 (通常是光伏板) 上安装锥形导光器件即可, 能够在不显著增加成本和用地面积的情况下, 有效提高发电量和发电工作吋间
[0057] 实施例 4
[0058] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 4, 包括锥形导光器件 4 10, 光能利用器件 420, 热能利用器 450和热电转换器 460。
[0059] 本实施例中的锥形导光器件 410采用与实施例 1中类似的封闭结构, 不过有两处 区别, 其一, 顶部的透光顶盖 413采用菲涅尔聚光透镜; 其二, 在锥形导光器件 的腔体内还充有光学气体 4103。 所称光学气体为折射率大于 1的气体, 例如丙酮
、 甲醇、 酒精、 氟利昂等, 或者为折射率大于 1的气体与其它气体的混合物。 关 于菲涅尔透镜的详细介绍可参见名称为"菲涅尔透镜***", 公布日为 2016年 6月 2 日, 国际公布号为 WO/2016/082097的 PCT申请, 在此不再赘述。
[0060] 光能利用器件 420具有圆锥形受光面, 具体可采用柔性光伏薄膜制成。 光伏薄 膜形成的锥形腔体内设置有热电转换器 460, 光能利用器件 420通过该热电转换 器与热能利用器 450导热连接。 本实施例在实施例 1装置的基础上还配置了与光 能利用器件级联的热电转换器和热能利用器, 以实现对太阳能的更充分的利用
[0061] 热能利用器 450设置于光能利用器件及热电转换器的下方。 本实施例中热能利 用器为用于加热工质的容器, 其既能够实现对光伏器件产生的热量的利用, 还 能对光伏器件进行降温。 根据光伏器件对温度的要求, 容器中的工质可选自例 如水、 酒精、 ***、 氟利昂, 或其混合物等。 根据不同的配置, 该容器可以用 于实现不同的功能。 例如, 该容器可用于海水淡化, 充当为工质的海水可通过 管道 451补充进容器中, 汽化后的淡水蒸汽则可通过管道 452排出。 再如, 该容 器也可以是简单的热水容器, 充当为工质的冷水可通过管道 451补充进容器中, 加热后的热水则可通过管道 452排出。 又如, 该容器还可以充当为蒸汽发电*** 的汽化罐, 其通过管道 451和 452与外部的汽轮发电机和压缩机 (未图示) 通过 闭合回路连接起来, 利用汽化后的蒸汽来发电。 在其他实施方式中, 热能利用 器也可以是斯特林热能发电机。
[0062] 热电转换器 460设置在光伏器件 420与热能利用器 450之间的热能通路上, 用于 利用光伏器件与热能利用器之间的温差来发电。 本实施例中, 热电转换器优选 地采用高效率的半导体热电二极管器件。 在其他实施方式中, 也可以省略热电 转换器而直接将光伏器件通过导热材料与热能利用器连接。
[0063] 本实施例通过将顶部菲涅尔透镜、 锥形导光器件内的光学气体、 以及散光反射 镜的光学效果叠加起来, 与实施例 1相比, 能够具有更大的聚光比和光能接收角 度。 此外, 与实施例 2相比, 本实施例中的锥形光能利用器件内还设置了热电转 换器, 能够更高效率地利用太阳能。
[0064] 实施例 5
[0065] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 5, 包括多个锥形导光 器件 510, 相应的锥形光能利用器件 520, 热能利用器 550, 热电转换器 560和聚 光装置 570。
[0066] 本实施例与实施例 4的区别之一在于, 多个锥形导光器件被联合使用, 光能利 用器件 520相应地设置在每个锥形导光器件内幵口较小的一端且其受光面的锥尖 朝向导光器件幵口较大的一端 (如图中虚线所示) , 而热能利用器 550以及热电 转换器 560则由多个光能利用器件共享。 与实施例 4中类似地, 热能利用器 550同 样可通过管道 551和 552与外部设备连通。
[0067] 此外与前述实施例不同的是, 本实施例还在锥形导光器件之前的光路上设置有 聚光装置。 本发明中使用的聚光装置可优选地采用菲涅尔透镜。 例如, 只含有 一个菲涅尔单元的简单菲涅尔透镜或由多个菲涅尔单元组成的复合菲涅尔透镜 等。 所使用的菲涅尔透镜可以是透射式的, 也可以是具有反射面的反射式菲涅 尔透镜。 具体地, 本实施例中采用的是反射式菲涅尔透镜, 将入射的光线 SS会 聚并反射到锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端处。
[0068] 实施例 6
[0069] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 6, 包括锥形导光器件 6
10和光能利用器件 620。
[0070] 本实施例中的锥形导光器件在南北方向上采用一对散光反射镜 6101和 6101', 在 东西方向上可以为空或采用其他形式的反射镜。 光能利用器件 620采用平面光伏 板。 本实施例中的两个散光反射镜属于不同的类型, 以不对称的方式面对面地 设置。
[0071] 散光反射镜 6101为非均匀折射率的反射式透镜, 其包括反射层 FF以及在反射层 上分段设置的折射率分别为 γ1、 γ2、 γ3的三种透明材料, 且 γ1<γ2<γ3。 这种结 构使得那些会被普通反射镜反射出导光器件的小入射角的光线经过折射以后仍 能汇聚到导光器件底部的光伏板上。 所称"小入射角的光线"是指入射方向与入射 处反光面的法线具有较小夹角的光线 (对于锥形导光器件, 这通常对应于太阳 光偏离正午吋的方向的较大的偏角) , 本实施例中的导光器件虽然具有非圆周 对称的形状, 也可近似地将光伏板中心处的法线作为其中心轴线。
[0072] 散光反射镜 610Γ为非均匀厚度的反射式透镜, 其包括反射层 FF以及在反射层 上设置的折射率为 γ的厚度不均匀的透明材料。 其作用类似于凸面 (例如旋转对 称凸面、 轴对称凸面 (即柱面)) 反射镜。
[0073] 本实施例中为了简明起见, 将两个不同类型的散光反射镜在同一方向上相对设 置。 在实际使用中, 由于太阳光在南北方向的角度偏转 (季节性地) 与在东西 方向的角度偏转 (每日地) 差异很大, 因此, 锥形导光器件在这两个方向上对 反光面的要求可以是不同的, 从而可以将不同类型的散光反射镜用在不同方向 上。
[0074] 实施例 7
[0075] 依据本发明的光能接收装置的另一种实施方式可参考图 7, 其中 (a)为立体图, ( b)为南北方向的截面图。 该装置包括锥形导光器件 710和光能利用器件 720。
[0076] 本实施例中的锥形导光器件分为东西南北四个部分, 北面采用凹形反射式菲涅 尔透镜 7101 (其所包含的菲涅尔单元的焦点均在一个轴上) , 南面采用直立的 平面反射镜 7101', 东面和西面采用对称设置的百叶窗式的双面反射镜 7102。 光 能利用器件 720采用平面光伏板。 本实施例中的锥形导光器件不仅东西方向和南 北方向采用不同类型的反光面, 而且南面和北面也分别采用不同类型且结构不 对称的反光面。
[0077] 本实施例中仅在北面采用散光反射镜 (凹形反射式菲涅尔透镜) , 与南北两面 均采用散光反射镜的情况相比, 不仅成本更低, 其聚光比也可以做的更大。 采 用这种设计, 图 7中的南面和北面的夹角 Φ可以设计为大于太阳的南北向季节性 偏转角 (46度;)。
[0078] 在其他实施方式中, 还可以进一步在锥形导光器件 710的上方设置菲涅尔聚光 透镜 (未图示) , 以获得更大的聚光比。
[0079]
[0080] 以上应用具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述, 应该理解, 以上实 施方式只是用于帮助理解本发明, 而不应理解为对本发明的限制。 对于本领域 的一般技术人员, 依据本发明的思想, 可以对上述具体实施方式进行变化。 技术问题
问题的解决方案 发明的有益效果
Claims
[权利要求 1] 一种光能接收装置, 其特征在于, 包括
一锥形导光器件, 其一端幵口较大而另一端幵口较小, 且内部为反光 面, 所述反光面至少部分由散光反射镜形成, 所述散光反射镜选自: 凸面反射镜、 凹形反射式菲涅尔透镜、 非均匀厚度的反射式透镜、 非 均匀折射率的反射式透镜; 和
一光能利用器件, 设置于所述锥形导光器件幵口较小的一端, 其受光 面朝向所述锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端, 用于对接收到的光能进行 能量转换或利用。
[权利要求 2] 如权利要求 1所述的装置, 其特征在于, 具有如下特征中的至少一个 所述锥形导光器件的横截面形状选自: 圆形、 椭圆形、 多边形; 所述光能利用器件的受光面的中心轴线与所述锥形导光器件的中心轴 线一致或平行;
所述锥形导光器件的反光面在每一个曲率连续点处的法线与所述光能 利用器件的受光面的中心轴线的夹角大于 45度且小于 90度。
[权利要求 3] 如权利要求 1或 2所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述散光反射镜的数目为偶数个, 每对散光反射镜属于相同或不同的 类型, 并且以对称或不对称的方式面对面地设置, 所述面对面地设置 是沿东西方向设置或者沿南北方向设置。
[权利要求 4] 如权利要求 3所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述锥形导光器件内部沿东西和南北方向之一设置有一对散光反射镜
, 沿东西和南北方向之另一为空, 或设置有平面反射镜, 或设置有百 叶窗式的双面反射镜。
[权利要求 5] 如权利要求 1至 4任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述光能利用器件的受光面为平面, 或者为尖锥形或条锥形或锥台形
, 且面积较小的一端朝向光路入射的方向。
[权利要求 6] 如权利要求 1至 5任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括
光源跟踪机构, 所述锥形导光器件和光能利用器件安装在所述光源跟 踪机构上, 所述光源跟踪机构用于跟随光源的移动而转动, 使得来自 光源的光线与所述锥形导光器件的中心轴线具有最小的夹角。
[权利要求 7] 如权利要求 1至 6任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述锥形导光器件幵口较小的一端与所述光能利用器件的边缘之间具 有缝隙; 或者,
所述锥形导光器件幵口较大的一端由平面透光材料或菲涅尔透镜封闭 , 所述锥形导光器件的内表面以及所述光能利用器件的受光面共同围 成封闭空间, 所述封闭空间内抽真空或包含空气或包含惰性气体或包 含折射率大于 1的气体。
[权利要求 8] 如权利要求 7所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括
一振动器, 其包括一振动元件及其驱动电路,
所述振动元件工作于共振模态, 所述振动元件与所述装置中的至少一 个受光面机械连接以带动其进行振动,
所述驱动电路包括串联的至少一个电感元件和至少一个电容元件, 所 述驱动电路的电路共振频率与所述振动元件的机械共振频率相匹配。
[权利要求 9] 如权利要求 8所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述振动器为压电振动器, 所述振动元件为压电元件, 其充当为所述 驱动电路中的电容元件; 或者,
所述振动器为电磁振动器, 所述振动元件为片状受磁材料, 所述驱动 电路通过电感元件激发所述振动元件产生振动。
[权利要求 10] 如权利要求 8或 9所述的装置, 其特征在于,
所述电感元件或电容元件为参数可调的元件。
[权利要求 11] 如权利要求 8至 10任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括如下配 置中的至少一个:
控制电路, 用于定吋地或按照外部指令或在设定条件下启动所述振动 器执行清洁操作, 所述设定条件选自: 设定的气象条件, 发电过剩的 情况, 至少一个被所述振动器振动的受光面的清洁程度;
喷水管道, 用于向至少一个被所述振动器振动的受光面喷水, 所述喷 水管道与所述振动器同吋工作;
吸尘管道, 用于抽吸至少一个被所述振动器振动的受光面上的异物, 所述吸尘管道与所述振动器同吋工作;
电动刷子, 用于对所述装置中的至少一个受光面进行刷洗。
[权利要求 12] 如权利要求 1至 11任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 在所述锥形导 光器件之前的光路上还设置有
一聚光装置, 所述聚光装置选自: 透射式菲涅尔透镜, 反射式菲涅尔
[权利要求 13] 如权利要求 1至 12任意一项所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括
一热能利用器, 设置于所述光能利用器件的背侧并与所述光能利用器 件导热连接, 所述热能利用器选自: 用于加热工质的容器, 斯特林热 能发电机。
[权利要求 14] 如权利要求 13所述的装置, 其特征在于, 还包括
一热电转换器, 设置在所述光能利用器件与热能利用器之间的热能通 路上, 用于利用所述光能利用器件与热能利用器之间的温差来发电。
[权利要求 15] 如权利要求 13或 14所述的装置, 其特征在于,
包括两个以上的锥形导光器件以及相应的光能利用器件, 所述热能利 用器由至少两个光能利用器件共享。
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CN101355327A (zh) * | 2008-09-16 | 2009-01-28 | 刘志勇 | 全方向太阳光球形聚光器 |
CN201278040Y (zh) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-07-22 | 厦门市三安光电科技有限公司 | 一种新型聚光太阳能采集装置 |
US20100258170A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-10-14 | Kornfield Julia A | Systems and methods for concentrating solar energy without tracking the sun |
CN101989627A (zh) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-03-23 | 和硕联合科技股份有限公司 | 可携式太阳能电池装置 |
CN103022206A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 内蒙古建筑职业技术学院 | 一种槽式复合抛物面聚光发电组件 |
CN104716215A (zh) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-17 | 上海空间电源研究所 | 一种二次聚光器 |
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CN101355327A (zh) * | 2008-09-16 | 2009-01-28 | 刘志勇 | 全方向太阳光球形聚光器 |
CN201278040Y (zh) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-07-22 | 厦门市三安光电科技有限公司 | 一种新型聚光太阳能采集装置 |
US20100258170A1 (en) * | 2009-03-13 | 2010-10-14 | Kornfield Julia A | Systems and methods for concentrating solar energy without tracking the sun |
CN101989627A (zh) * | 2009-07-31 | 2011-03-23 | 和硕联合科技股份有限公司 | 可携式太阳能电池装置 |
CN103022206A (zh) * | 2012-12-18 | 2013-04-03 | 内蒙古建筑职业技术学院 | 一种槽式复合抛物面聚光发电组件 |
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