WO2017054124A1 - 一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法 - Google Patents

一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017054124A1
WO2017054124A1 PCT/CN2015/091048 CN2015091048W WO2017054124A1 WO 2017054124 A1 WO2017054124 A1 WO 2017054124A1 CN 2015091048 W CN2015091048 W CN 2015091048W WO 2017054124 A1 WO2017054124 A1 WO 2017054124A1
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Prior art keywords
array
sub
power
output signal
array antenna
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PCT/CN2015/091048
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕瑞
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华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to CN201580083069.8A priority Critical patent/CN108028469B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2015/091048 priority patent/WO2017054124A1/zh
Priority to EP15905036.8A priority patent/EP3343701B1/en
Publication of WO2017054124A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017054124A1/zh
Priority to US15/938,788 priority patent/US20180219287A1/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
    • H01Q3/36—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with variable phase-shifters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/24—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles with receiving set
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a beam alignment method for an array antenna and an array antenna.
  • Array antennas are more and more widely used in the microwave field.
  • Each array element of the array antenna is equipped with a phase shifter that changes the phase of the signal.
  • These phase shifters are usually controlled by electrical signals.
  • the array elements will be The microwave signal is converted into an electrical signal, and the phase shifter performs phase shift processing on the electrical signal from the array element and sends it to the combiner for combining processing.
  • the phase shifter By changing the phase configuration of the phase shifters, the receiving beam corresponding to the combined signal can be changed. direction.
  • the detection time in each receiving beam direction needs to be sufficient. Long, so the direction of the receive beam alignment takes a long time.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a beam alignment method for an array antenna and an array antenna, which are used to implement fast alignment of an array antenna.
  • an array antenna including a first sub-array, a second sub-array, a first power detector, a second power detector, and a decider, wherein the first power detector and the first sub- An array is connected, the second power detector is connected to the second sub-array, the decider is connected to the first power detector, and the decider is connected to the second power detector, the a power detector for detecting power of an output signal of the first sub-array, a second power detector for detecting power of an output signal of the second sub-array, the decider for using the first sub- The power of the output signal of the array and the power of the output signal of the second sub-array determine a first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the method further includes: a third sub-array and a third power detector, where the third power detector is connected to the third sub-array
  • the determiner is coupled to the third power detector, the third power detector is configured to detect a power of an output signal of the third sub-array, and the determiner is specifically configured to output according to the first sub-array
  • the power of the signal, the power of the output signal of the second sub-array, and the power of the output signal of the third sub-array determine a first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the fourth sub-array and the fourth power detector, the fourth power detector and the The fourth sub-array is connected, the decider is connected to the fourth power detector, and the fourth power detector is configured to detect the power of the output signal of the fourth sub-array, and the decider is specifically configured to Determining the power of the output signal of the first sub-array, the power of the output signal of the second sub-array, the power of the output signal of the third sub-array, and the power of the output signal of the fourth sub-array The first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the method further includes N-2 sub-arrays and N-2 power detectors, where N is an integer greater than 2, each power detector and corresponding The sub-arrays are connected and used to detect the power of the output signals of the corresponding sub-array, and the decider is further connected to the N-2 power detectors, and the decider is specifically configured to output signals according to the first sub-array The power of the output of the second sub-array and the power of the output signals of the N-2 sub-arrays determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the determiner is specifically configured to use an output signal of the first sub-array according to the first moment The power and the power of the output signal of the second sub-array at the first moment determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the first sub-array includes a first array element, a second array element, and a first a phase shifter, a second phase shifter and a sub-array first combiner, wherein the first phase shifter and the first array element Connecting the second phase shifter to the second array element, the sub-array first combiner and the first phase shifter are connected, the sub-array first combiner and the first Two phase shifters are connected, the first phase shifter is for phase shifting the signal from the first array element and sent to the sub-array first combiner, and the second phase shifter is for pairing the second array element The signal is phase-shifted and sent to the sub-array first combiner for combining the signal from the first phase shifter and the signal of the second phase shifter and outputting a signal .
  • the method further includes an array antenna combiner, the array antenna combiner, and the A sub-array is connected, the array antenna combiner being connected to the second sub-array, the array antenna combiner for combining signals from the first sub-array and signals from the second sub-array.
  • the first power detector is specifically configured to detect that the first sub-array is sent to the array antenna The power of the coupled signal of the signal of the combiner
  • the second power detector is specifically configured to detect the power of the coupled signal of the signal sent by the second sub-array to the array antenna combiner.
  • a second aspect provides a beam alignment method for an array antenna, where the array antenna includes at least a first sub-array and a second sub-array, including:
  • a first alignment direction of the array antenna is determined according to a power of the first sub-array output signal and a power of the second sub-array output signal.
  • determining an array antenna according to a power of the first sub-array output signal and a power of the second sub-array output signal specifically includes:
  • the first alignment direction of the array antenna is determined according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment and the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment.
  • the method before the receiving the beam direction corresponding to the output signal of the first sub-array is the first direction, the method further includes:
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the array antenna is set to be the second alignment direction.
  • the angle between the first direction and the second alignment direction and the second The angle between the direction and the second alignment direction is the same.
  • the projection of the first direction on the array antenna and the projection of the second direction on the array antenna are in a straight line.
  • the array antenna further includes a third sub-array
  • the method further includes:
  • a direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the third sub-array to a third direction, an angle between the first direction and the second alignment direction, the second direction, and the second pair
  • the projection and the projection of the third direction on the array antenna are two and two degrees difference by 120 degrees;
  • Determining the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal and the power of the second sub-array output signal includes:
  • the first alignment direction of the array antenna is determined according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment, and the power of the third sub-array output signal at the first moment.
  • the array antenna further includes a third sub-array and a fourth sub-array
  • the method further includes:
  • Determining the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal and the power of the second sub-array output signal includes:
  • Determining the array according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the third sub-array output signal at the first moment, and the power of the fourth sub-array output signal at the first moment The first alignment direction of the antenna.
  • the array antenna further includes a fifth sub-array
  • the method further includes:
  • Determining the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal and the power of the second sub-array output signal includes:
  • the second sub-array output signal at the first moment determines the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the method further includes: determining that the power of the array antenna output signal is less than the first threshold; or determining that the timer expires.
  • the receiving area of the first sub-array and the second sub-array is equal .
  • the power of the first sub-array output signal and the second sub-array output are Determining the first alignment direction of the array antenna includes: if the power of the first sub-array output signal is greater than the power of the second sub-array output signal, and the power difference is greater than the second threshold, the first alignment The direction is the first direction.
  • the array antenna provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes at least two sub-arrays, two power detectors and one decider, and the two power detectors can simultaneously detect the power of the output signals of the corresponding sub-arrays, so that the decider can
  • the power of the output signals of the two sub-arrays determines the first alignment direction of the array antennas, and the two power detectors detect the same incident signals at the same time, so that the direction of the better receiving beams can be directly compared without counting statistics.
  • the average power of time can quickly achieve antenna alignment.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of another seed array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow chart of a beam alignment method of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a sub-array arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of another seed array arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, including a sub-array 1, a sub-array 2, a sub-array, a total of N sub-arrays, a coupler 1, a coupler 2, a coupler, and the like. M couplers, power detector 1, power detector 2...
  • the array antenna also includes The combiner 101 and the decider 102, the combiner 101 and the N sub-arrays are connected, and wherein the M sub-arrays can be connected by M couplers, the decider 102 and the M power detectors are connected, and the M power detectors respectively M couplers are connected.
  • the direction of the receiving beams corresponding to the output signals of the N sub-arrays may be set to be the same direction, for example, all set to the first alignment direction, so that the combiner 101 receives the output signals of the N sub-arrays and combines and combines the signals.
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the rear combiner 101 is the first alignment direction.
  • the received signal of the combiner 101 can be subjected to frequency conversion, analog-to-digital conversion and the like (not shown).
  • the M couplers can be set to be inactive, ie no energy is coupled to the power detector, all energy is sent to the combiner 101, and the M couplers can also be set to operate, ie a partial energy is coupled to the power detector for monitor. Of course, it is also possible to set only the combiner 101.
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the combined output signal is the first alignment direction, without concern about the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of each sub-array.
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signals of the M sub-arrays corresponding to the M couplers needs to be set to different directions.
  • the output beams corresponding to the output signals of the partial sub-arrays of the M sub-arrays may be the same.
  • the sub-arrays other than the M sub-arrays may be set to continue to operate in the original alignment direction. If the direction of the received signal beam direction of the M sub-arrays is not significantly different from the direction of the first alignment direction, the combiner 101 is The output signal has little effect.
  • the M power detectors detect the power of the output signals of the M sub-arrays, and the determiner determines which receiving beam direction should be selected according to the power of the output signals of the M sub-arrays, that is, obtains an optimized alignment direction of the array antenna, if the optimized pair The quasi-direction is different from the original first alignment direction, and in the next communication phase, the signal can be received using the optimized alignment direction.
  • the array antenna may include only some components in FIG. 1, for example, including two sub-arrays, two power detectors, and one decider, and other components.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • the array antenna may include a first sub-array, a second sub-array, a first power detector, a second power detector, and a decider, wherein the first power detector is coupled to the first sub-array, the second power detector and the second The sub-arrays are connected, the decider is connected to the first power detector, the decider is connected to the second power detector, the first power detector is for detecting the power of the output signal of the first sub-array, and the second power detector is for detecting the second The power of the output signal of the sub-array, the determiner is configured to determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the output signal of the first sub-array and the power of the output signal of the second sub-array.
  • the array antenna may further include: a third sub-array and a third power detector, wherein the third power detector is connected to the third sub-array, the decider is connected to the third power detector, and the third power detector is configured to detect the third sub-array The power of the output signal, the decider is specifically used for the output signal according to the first sub-array The power of the number, the power of the output signal of the second sub-array, and the power of the output signal of the third sub-array determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the array antenna may further include a fourth sub-array and a fourth power detector, the fourth power detector is connected to the fourth sub-array, the decider is connected to the fourth power detector, and the fourth power detector is configured to detect the fourth sub-array
  • the power of the output signal, the determiner is specifically configured to use the power of the output signal of the first sub-array, the power of the output signal of the second sub-array, the power of the output signal of the third sub-array, and the power of the output signal of the fourth sub-array Determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the determiner may be specifically configured to determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the output signal of the first sub-array at the first moment and the power of the output signal of the second sub-array at the first moment.
  • the array antenna may further include an array antenna combiner connected to the first sub-array, the array antenna combiner being connected to the second sub-array, the array antenna combiner for using signals from the first sub-array The signals from the second sub-array are combined. If there is a third sub-array, a fourth sub-array, etc., the array antenna combiner is also connected to the sub-arrays, and the combined sub-array output signals are combined and processed.
  • the first power detector is specifically configured to detect a power of a coupled signal of a signal sent by the first sub-array to the array antenna combiner
  • the second power detector is specifically configured to detect a signal sent by the second sub-array to the array antenna combiner
  • the power of the coupled signal is signal coupled using the form of the coupler in FIG. 1 and sent to the power detector for power detection.
  • the output signal of the sub-array can be directly subjected to power detection.
  • the following describes the structure of the sub-array.
  • the sub-array in FIG. 1 can be implemented in various ways, and the following two examples are specifically illustrated by FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention, including an array element 1, an array element 2, an array element O, a total of 0 array elements, a phase shifter 1, a phase shifter 2, and a phase shifter.
  • the device O has a total of 0 phase shifters, and further includes a sub-array combiner 201, where O is an integer greater than one.
  • the array element is configured to receive a wireless signal, such as a microwave signal, and the array element converts the received microwave signal into a telecommunications signal. No.
  • the phase shifter performs phase shift processing on the phase of the corresponding electrical signal
  • the sub-array combiner 201 receives the signals from the O phase shifters and performs combining processing.
  • the output signal after the sub-array combiner 201 performs the combining process is sent to the combiner 101 for subsequent processing.
  • the signal strength of the sub-array combiner can be changed, that is, the direction of the receive beam corresponding to the output signal of the sub-array can be set.
  • a schematic structural diagram of a sub-array according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a Q group, and the first group includes an array element 11, an array element 12, an array element 1P, a total of P array elements, and a phase shifter 11.
  • the phase shifter 12...the phase shifter 1P has a total of P phase shifters, and further includes a combiner 1, wherein P and Q are integers greater than 1, each array element corresponds to one phase shifter, and the phase shifted signal is
  • the structure of the second group to the Q group is similar to that of the first group.
  • the details of the combination of the Q combiners are sent to the sub-array combiner 301.
  • the sub-array combiner 301 receives the signals from the Q combiners and performs the combining process. If the array antenna shown in FIG. 1 is used, the signal after the combined processing by the sub-array combiner 301 It is sent to the combiner 101 for subsequent processing.
  • the output signal strength of the sub-array combiner can be changed by setting the parameters of each group of phase shifters, that is, the receive beam direction corresponding to the output signal of the sub-array can be set.
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal obtained after the sub-array combiner 301 is combined in FIG. 3 can be set by the setting of each group of phase shifters, and is set as the first direction as an example.
  • the phase shifter 11, the phase shifter 12, the phase shifter 1P, and the P phase shifters are arranged such that the beam direction corresponding to the received signal after the combiner 1 is combined is the first direction, and other groups of phase shifters are set, so that The beam direction corresponding to the received signal after the combination of the combiner 2 and the combiner Q is the first direction, so that the beam direction corresponding to the received signal after the combiner 301 is combined is also the first direction.
  • the beam direction corresponding to the received signal after the combiner 301 is combined is the first direction, and the output signal of each combiner is correspondingly received.
  • the direction of the beam may not be the first direction, which is not limited by the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can monitor and adjust the beam direction corresponding to the received signal.
  • the following describes a method for monitoring and adjusting the beam direction corresponding to the received signal.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a method for beam alignment of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present invention, where the array antenna includes at least a first sub-array and a second sub-array, and the method includes
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the first sub-array is set to a first direction
  • the direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the second sub-array is a second direction, where the second direction and the first direction are The direction is different.
  • step S403 may determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment and the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment. Since it is only necessary to compare the power values of the first sub-array output signal and the second sub-array output signal at a certain time, the judgment speed is very fast. when However, it is also possible to judge the values of several moments to perform weighted averaging to ensure the accuracy of the alignment direction judgment.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can be used for the monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction, that is, before the implementation of S401, the array antenna has been working in normal communication, for example, already in the second alignment direction. Perform normal receiving work, but a strong wind or other factors cause the output power of the combiner output signal of the array antenna to decrease, for example, below a certain threshold.
  • the step of S401 can be started to perform beam alignment, and the timer period can also be set.
  • the step of the S401 is started to monitor whether the direction of the receiving beam can be optimized.
  • the triggering step S401 may be triggered by other triggering conditions, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the method further includes: setting a receiving beam direction corresponding to the output signal of the first sub-array and a receiving beam direction corresponding to the output signal of the second sub-array as a second alignment direction, or setting an output signal corresponding to the array antenna The direction of the receive beam is the second alignment direction.
  • the array antenna Before the step S401, the array antenna performs the normal receiving operation in the second alignment direction, so the subsequent monitoring adjustment work can be adjusted and adjusted based on the second alignment direction.
  • the angle between the first direction and the second alignment direction and the clip between the second direction and the second alignment direction may be set The angles are the same, the projection of the first direction on the array antenna and the projection of the second direction on the array antenna are in a straight line.
  • the first alignment direction of the array antenna may be determined only by comparing the power of the first sub-array output signal with the power of the second sub-array output signal, for example, if the power of the first sub-array output signal is greater than the output signal of the second sub-array If the power is large, the first direction may be set as the first alignment direction, and in the next communication process, the output signal of the array antenna is set to be the first direction, that is, the first alignment direction.
  • the step S401 further includes: setting a direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the third sub-array to a third direction, where the first direction and the second pair may be set.
  • An angle between the quasi-direction, an angle between the second direction and the second alignment direction, and an angle between the third direction and the second alignment direction, the The projection of the direction on the array antenna, the projection of the second direction on the array antenna, and the projection of the third direction on the array antenna are two and a two degrees apart by 120 degrees.
  • Step S402 further includes detecting a power of the third sub-array output signal.
  • the step S403 specifically includes: determining, according to the power of the first sub-array output signal, the power of the second sub-array output signal, and the power of the third sub-array output signal, the first alignment direction of the array antenna, for example, according to the first moment
  • the power of the sub-array output signal, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first time, and the power of the third sub-array output signal at the first time determine the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • the step S401 further includes setting a direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the third sub-array to a third direction, and setting a direction of the receiving beam corresponding to the output signal of the fourth sub-array.
  • a fourth direction an angle between the first direction and the second alignment direction, an angle between the second direction and the second alignment direction, and the third direction may be set
  • An angle between the second alignment direction and an angle between the fourth direction and the second alignment direction, a projection of the first direction on the array antenna, the second The projection of the direction on the array antenna, the projection of the third direction on the array antenna, and the projection of the fourth direction on the array antenna are two and a two degrees out of phase.
  • Step S402 further includes detecting a power of the third sub-array output signal, and detecting a power of the fourth sub-array output signal.
  • Step S403 specifically includes: determining a first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal, the power of the second sub-array output signal, the power of the third sub-array output signal, and the power of the fourth sub-array output signal.
  • the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the third sub-array output signal at the first moment, and the fourth sub-array output signal at the first moment may be The power determines the first alignment direction of the array antenna.
  • step S401 further includes setting the output signal corresponding to the fifth sub-array.
  • the direction of the receive beam is the second alignment direction.
  • Step S402 also includes detecting the power of the fifth sub-array output signal.
  • Step S403 is specifically: determining the first alignment direction of the array antenna according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment, and the power of the fifth sub-array output signal at the first moment.
  • the first alignment direction of the array antenna may be determined according to the power of the first sub-array output signal at the first moment, the power of the second sub-array output signal at the first moment, and the power of the fifth sub-array output signal at the first moment.
  • the direction of one of the directions is set to the second alignment direction, for example, the first direction is set to the second alignment direction, and the second direction is changed according to the predetermined rule. For example, it is rotated about the second alignment direction so that alignment can be performed efficiently.
  • the first alignment direction of the array antenna needs to be determined according to the power of the first sub-array output signal and the power of the second sub-array output signal. If two sub-arrays are used for the monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction, only the two The power of the output signals of the sub-arrays can obtain the first alignment direction. If more sub-arrays are used for the monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction, the first alignment direction can be obtained according to the power of the output signals of the corresponding sub-arrays. For example, the monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction using two sub-arrays is taken as an example. In this case, in order to facilitate the determination of the first alignment direction, the receiving areas of the first sub-array and the second sub-array may be configured to be equal.
  • the power of the output signal of the first sub-array and the power of the output signal of the second sub-array may be converted according to the receiving area to obtain the power under the same area.
  • the value is further compared to determine the first alignment direction, and other algorithms may be used for calculation to determine the first alignment direction, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can use a simple method, for example, if two sub-arrays are used for monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction, if the power of the first sub-array output signal is greater than the second sub- The power of the array output signal, and the power difference is greater than the second threshold, the first alignment direction is the first direction; if the power of the first sub-array output signal is greater than the power of the second sub-array output signal, but the power difference is less than
  • the three thresholds are calculated by a certain calculation rule as other directions between the first direction and the second direction as the first alignment direction. If more than two sub-arrays are used for monitoring adjustment of the alignment direction, a similar rule can be used for the first alignment direction. Ok.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 In order to visually explain the possible arrangement relationship of the sub-arrays to facilitate understanding of the scheme, a brief description will be given below with reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, and the 16 sub-arrays of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 are constructed in a 4 ⁇ 4 arrangement.
  • the system determines that the physical device in the link has a relative displacement, and then initiates alignment detection for beam alignment.
  • the four 2 ⁇ 2 sub-array regions respectively form four independent beams that are differently directed, each beam being centered at the second alignment direction of the normal communication time, and “cross” at a fixed offset angle. Opened—that is, each beam has the same angle with the second alignment direction, and the projections on the array plane are separated from each other by 90 degrees, corresponding to the first direction and the second direction in FIG. 5 . , the third direction and the fourth direction.
  • the entire array combines the received signals in a hierarchical manner. That is, the sub-arrays of each 2 ⁇ 2 region are first separately combined with signals. Referring to the combiner 301 in FIG. 3, the combined signals of the four regions are then combined. For the final signal combination, reference may be made to combiner 101 in FIG.
  • the alignment detection is performed, four copy signals are respectively coupled to the combined signals of the four sub-areas, and the M couplers in FIG. 1 can be referred to, and then sent to four independent power detectors for power detection. Refer to the M power detectors in Figure 1.
  • the output of the power detector is sent to the decider for determination of the beam alignment direction. Reference may be made to the decider 102 of FIG.
  • the determiner simultaneously samples the output of the four-way power detection unit at the same time for comparison.
  • the decision unit can continuously sample the detection power of two or three moments, and select the same. The sampled values at the maximum power are compared. If there is a significant maximum power in the four inputs, the beam direction of the corresponding region of the power is used as the first alignment direction in the normal communication in the next cycle, and the phase offset value of the phase shifter in the region is updated.
  • phase offset value of the array Transmitting the phase offset value of the array, thereby changing the direction of the transmitting and receiving beams to achieve alignment; if several approximate powers are detected in the four inputs, the equal gain intersection of the beams of these regions can be used as the next period In the first alignment direction during normal communication, the phase offset values of the entire transceiver array are updated with the average of the phase shifter phase offset values in these regions, thereby changing the direction of the transmitting and receiving beams to achieve alignment.
  • the communication system periodically allocates alignment detection time slots in time.
  • the sub-arrays at the four corners respectively form four independent beams that are differently directed, each beam being the second of the normal communication time.
  • the alignment direction is centered and spreads in a "cross" shape at a fixed offset angle - that is, each beam points at the same angle as B, and the projections on the array plane are separated from each other by 90 degrees.
  • the sub-array of other areas in the array maintains the phase configuration, maintains the beam direction B, and ensures normal link communication at the detection time, corresponding to the first direction, the second direction, the third direction, and the fourth direction in FIG.
  • the sub-array signals Before the sub-array signals are combined, five copies of the signals are coupled from the sub-array of the four deflected beams and the sub-array of any one of the fixed beams.
  • the coupled signal is fed into five independent power detectors for power detection.
  • the output of the power detector is sent to the decider for determination of the beam alignment direction.
  • the determiner simultaneously samples the output of the five-way power detection unit at the same time for comparison.
  • the decision unit can continuously sample the detection power of two or three moments, and select the same. The sampled values at the maximum power are compared. If there is a significant maximum power in the five inputs, the beam direction of the corresponding region of the power is used as the first alignment direction in the normal communication in the next cycle, and the phase offset value of the phase shifter in the region is updated. Transmitting the phase offset value of the array to change the direction of the transmitting and receiving beams to achieve alignment; if several approximate powers are detected in the five inputs, the equal gain intersections of the beams in these regions are used as the first communication in the next cycle. In an alignment direction, the phase offset values of the entire transceiver array are updated with the average of the phase shifter phase offset values in these regions, thereby changing the direction of the transceiving beam and achieving alignment.
  • the disclosed system, apparatus, and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division, and the actual implementation may have another division manner, for example, multiple units or components may be combined or may be integrated into another system, or some features may be Ignore, or not execute.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

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Abstract

本发明实施例提供了一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法，阵列天线包括第一子阵列、第二子阵列、第一功率检测器、第二功率检测器和判决器，其中所述第一功率检测器和所述第一子阵列相连，所述第二功率检测器和所述第二子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第一功率检测器相连、所述判决器和所述第二功率检测器相连，所述第一功率检测器用于检测所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述第二功率检测器用于检测所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。

Description

一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及通信技术领域，尤其涉及一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法。
背景技术
阵列天线在微波领域的应用越来越广泛，阵列天线的每个阵元都相应配有一个改变信号相位的移相器，这些移相器通常由电信号进行控制，对于接收信号，阵元将微波信号转化为电信号，移相器将来自阵元的电信号进行移相处理并送到合路器进行合路处理，通过改变这些移相器的相位配置可以改变合路信号对应的接收波束方向。
现有技术中在接收波束方向对准的时候，统计多个接收波束方向上的均值功率，然后确定较优接收波束方向，为了得到准确的均值功率，每个接收波束方向上的检测时间需要足够长，因此接收波束方向对准耗时较长。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种阵列天线及阵列天线的波束对准方法，用于实现阵列天线的快速对准。
第一方面，提供一种阵列天线，包括第一子阵列、第二子阵列、第一功率检测器、第二功率检测器和判决器，其中所述第一功率检测器和所述第一子阵列相连，所述第二功率检测器和所述第二子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第一功率检测器相连、所述判决器和所述第二功率检测器相连，所述第一功率检测器用于检测所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述第二功率检测器用于检测所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，还包括，第三子阵列和第三功率检测器，所述第三功率检测器和所述第三子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第三功率检测器相连，所述第三功率检测器用于检测所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率确定所述阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，还包括，第四子阵列和第四功率检测器，所述第四功率检测器和所述第四子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第四功率检测器相连，所述第四功率检测器用于检测所述第四子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第四子阵列的输出信号的功率确定所述阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，还包括N-2个子阵列和N-2个功率检测器，N为大于2的整数，每个功率检测器和相应的子阵列相连并用于检测相应的子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器还和所述N-2个功率检测器相连，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率以及N-2个子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
结合第一方面的第一至第三种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，所述判决器具体用于根据第一时刻第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
结合第一方面的第一至第四种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述第一子阵列包括第一阵元，第二阵元，第一移相器，第二移相器和子阵列第一合路器，其中所述第一移相器和所述第一阵元相 连，所述第二移相器和所述第二阵元相连，所述子阵列第一合路器和所述第一移相器相连，所述子阵列第一合路器和所述第二移相器相连，所述第一移相器用于对来自第一阵元的信号进行移相并发送到子阵列第一合路器，所述第二移相器用于对来自第二阵元的信号进行移相并发送到子阵列第一合路器，所述子阵列第一合路器用于对来自第一移相器的信号和第二移相器的信号进行合路处理并输出信号。
结合第一方面的第一至第五种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，还包括阵列天线合路器，所述阵列天线合路器和所述第一子阵列相连，所述阵列天线合路器和所述第二子阵列相连，所述阵列天线合路器用于对来自第一子阵列的信号和来自第二子阵列的信号进行合路处理。
结合第一方面的第一至第六种可能的实现方式中，在第一方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述第一功率检测器具体用于检测第一子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率，所述第二功率检测器具体用于检测第二子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率。
第二方面，提供一种阵列天线的波束对准方法，所述阵列天线至少包括第一子阵列和第二子阵列，包括：
设置所述第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向；
设置所述第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二方向，所述第二方向和所述第一方向的方向不同；
检测所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率；
检测所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率；
根据所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，根据所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的 第一对准方向具体包括：
根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第二方面或第一种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，设置所述第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向之前还包括：
设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向和第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向，或者
设置阵列天线的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角和所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同。
结合第二方面的第一种至第三种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第四种可能的实现方式中，其特征在于：
所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影和所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影在一条直线上。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第五种可能的实现方式中，所述阵列天线还包括第三子阵列，所述方法还包括：
设置所述第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差120度；
检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率；
根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第六种可能的实现方式中，所述阵列天线还包括第三子阵列和第四子阵列，所述方法还包括：
设置所述第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，设置所述第四子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第四方向，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第四方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第四方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差90度；
检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率；
检测第四子阵列输出信号的功率；
根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第四子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第七种可能的实现方式中，所述阵列天线还包括第五子阵列，所述方法还包括：
设置所述第五子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向；
检测第五子阵列输出信号的功率；
根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信 号的功率以及第一时刻第五子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
结合第二方面的第一种至第七种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第八种可能的实现方式中，设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向之前所述方法还包括：判断阵列天线输出信号的功率小于第一阈值；或者判断定时器到时。
结合第二方面的第一种至第八种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第九种可能的实现方式中，其特征在于，所述第一子阵列和第二子阵列的接收面积相等。
结合第二方面的第一种至第九种可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第十种可能的实现方式中，其特征在于，根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：若所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率大于所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率，且功率差大于第二阈值，则第一对准方向为第一方向。
因此，本发明实施例提供的阵列天线至少包括两个子阵列，两个功率检测器和一个判决器，两个功率检测器可以同时分别检测相应子阵列的输出信号的功率，从而判决器可以根据这两个子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，两个功率检测器在同一时刻检测的是相同的入射信号，因此可以直接比较获得较优接收波束方向，而不需要统计一定时间的均值功率，可以迅速实现天线对准。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对本发明实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面所描述的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明一个实施例的一种阵列天线的结构示意图。
图2是本发明一个实施例的一种子阵列的结构示意图。
图3是本发明一个实施例的另一种子阵列的结构示意图。
图4是本发明一个实施例的一种阵列天线的波束对准方法流程示意图。
图5是本发明一个实施例的一种子阵列排布示意图。
图6是本发明一个实施例的另一种子阵列排布示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应属于本发明保护的范围。
如图1所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种阵列天线的结构示意图，包括子阵列1、子阵列2…子阵列N共N个子阵列，耦合器1、耦合器2…耦合器M共M个耦合器，功率检测器1、功率检测器2…功率检测器M共M个功率检测器，N和M均为大于1的整数，N和M可以相等也可以不相等，阵列天线还包括合路器101和判决器102，合路器101和N个子阵列相连，和其中M个子阵列可以通过M个耦合器相连，判决器102和M个功率检测器相连，M个功率检测器分别和M个耦合器相连。
通信阶段，可以设置N个子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为同一方向，例如全部设置为第一对准方向，这样合路器101接收到N个子阵列的输出信号并进行合路，合路后合路器101的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一对准方向，此后可以对合路器101合路后的接收信号进行变频、模数转换等处理(图中未示出)，此时M个耦合器可以设置为不工作，即不向功率检测器耦合能量，全部能量被发送到合路器101，M个耦合器也可以设置为工作，即向功率检测器耦合部分能量用于监控。当然也可以仅设置合路器101 合路后的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一对准方向，而不用关心每个子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向。
监控调整阶段，和M个耦合器对应的M个子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向需要设置为不同方向，当然也可以配置M个子阵列中的部分子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向相同。此时，M个子阵列以外的子阵列可以设置成原先的对准方向继续工作，如果M个子阵列的接收信号波束方向相对于第一对准方向的方向差别不大，则对合路器101的输出信号影响不大。通过M个功率检测器检测M个子阵列的输出信号的功率，判决器根据M个子阵列的输出信号的功率判断应该选择哪个接收波束方向进行接收，即得到阵列天线的优化对准方向，如果优化对准方向和原先的第一对准方向不同，在接下来的通信阶段，可以使用优化对准方向进行信号接收。
需要说明的是，本发明实施例为了解决接收信号的波束对准问题，因此阵列天线可以只包括图1中的部分组件，例如包括两个子阵列，两个功率检测器以及一个判决器，其它组件及连接关系本发明实施例仅为了方便说明便于理解方案，可以使用其它方式实现或者不实现，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
阵列天线可以包括第一子阵列、第二子阵列、第一功率检测器、第二功率检测器和判决器，其中第一功率检测器和第一子阵列相连，第二功率检测器和第二子阵列相连，判决器和第一功率检测器相连、判决器和第二功率检测器相连，第一功率检测器用于检测第一子阵列的输出信号的功率，第二功率检测器用于检测第二子阵列的输出信号的功率，判决器用于根据第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
阵列天线还可以包括，第三子阵列和第三功率检测器，第三功率检测器和第三子阵列相连，判决器和第三功率检测器相连，第三功率检测器用于检测第三子阵列的输出信号的功率，判决器具体用于根据第一子阵列的输出信 号的功率、第二子阵列的输出信号的功率和第三子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
阵列天线还可以包括第四子阵列和第四功率检测器，第四功率检测器和第四子阵列相连，判决器和第四功率检测器相连，第四功率检测器用于检测第四子阵列的输出信号的功率，判决器具体用于根据第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、第二子阵列的输出信号的功率、第三子阵列的输出信号的功率和第四子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
判决器可以具体用于根据第一时刻第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
阵列天线还可以包括阵列天线合路器，阵列天线合路器和第一子阵列相连，阵列天线合路器和第二子阵列相连，阵列天线合路器用于对来自第一子阵列的信号和来自第二子阵列的信号进行合路处理。如果还有第三子阵列、第四子阵列等，阵列天线合路器还和这些子阵列相连，并将收到子阵列输出信号进行合路处理。
第一功率检测器具体用于检测第一子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率，第二功率检测器具体用于检测第二子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率，即使用图1中耦合器的形式进行信号耦合并送到功率检测器进行功率检测，当然也可以直接把子阵列的输出信号进行功率检测。
对于如何设置子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向，下面通过子阵列的结构进行说明。图1中的子阵列可以通过多种方式进行实现，下面通过图2和图3列举两种进行具体说明。
如图2所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种子阵列的结构示意图，包括阵元1、阵元2…阵元O共O个阵元，移相器1、移相器2…移相器O共O个移相器，还包括1个子阵列合路器201，其中O为大于1的整数。阵元用于接收无线信号，例如可以是微波信号，阵元将接收到的微波信号转换为电信 号，移相器对相应电信号的相位进行移相处理，子阵列合路器201接收来自O个移相器的信号并进行合路处理，如果用到图1所示的阵列天线中，则子阵列合路器201进行合路处理后的输出信号会被送到合路器101中进行后续处理。通过设定移相器的参数可以改变子阵列合路器合路后的信号强度，即可以设置子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向。
下面简单说明下通过设定移相器的参数设置子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向的原理，以O个阵元在空间上排列为一个一维1*O阵列为例，假设各阵元在t时刻收到的信号矢量为R(t)＝s(t)[1,ejα,ej2α,...,ej(O-1)α]＝s(t)A(α)，其中A(α)为入射信号s(t)到达阵列面时的方向矢量；子阵列在θ方向上形成波束时，移相器的加权矢量为W(θ)＝[w1(θ),w2(θ),...,wO(θ)]，此时，子阵列合路器201进行合路处理得到信号的信号能量P(t)可表示为
Figure PCTCN2015091048-appb-000001
设置W(θ)＝[w1(θ),w2(θ),...,wO(θ)]，使得wi(θ)ej(i-1)α＝1，即设置子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为A(α)对应的方向。
如图3所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种子阵列的结构示意图，包括Q组，第一组包括阵元11、阵元12…阵元1P共P个阵元，移相器11、移相器12…移相器1P共P个移相器，还包括合路器1，其中P和Q为大于1的整数，每个阵元对应1个移相器，移相后的信号被送到合路器1中，第二组到第Q组的结构和第一组的结构类似，在此不再赘述，Q个合路器合路后的信号被送到子阵列合路器301中，子阵列合路器301接收来自Q个合路器的信号并进行合路处理，如果用到图1所示的阵列天线中，则子阵列合路器301进行合路处理后的信号会被送到合路器101中进行后续处理。通过设定各组移相器的参数可以改变子阵列合路器的输出信号强度，即可以设置子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向。
图3中子阵列合路器301合路后得到的输出信号对应的接收波束方向可以通过各组移相器的设置进行设置，以设置为第一方向为例，具体的，可以 设置移相器11、移相器12…移相器1P共P个移相器，使得合路器1合路后的接收信号对应的波束方向为第一方向，设置其它组移相器，使得合路器2到合路器Q合路后的接收信号对应的波束方向都为第一方向，这样合路器301合路后的接收信号对应的波束方向也为第一方向。当然也可以做其它设置，例如整体设置这P×Q的移相器，使得合路器301合路后的接收信号对应的波束方向为第一方向，而每组合路器的输出信号对应的接收波束方向可能不为第一方向，本发明对此不作限定。
由于阵列天线通常安装在铁塔上面，大风或其它因素都可能导致阵列天线移位，从而需要改变接收信号的波束方向才能够提高接收信号的能量和信噪比等。本发明实施例可以监控调整接收信号对应的波束方向，下面将介绍监控调整接收信号对应的波束方向的方法。
如图4所示，为本发明实施例提供的一种阵列天线的波束对准方法的流程图，该阵列天线至少包括第一子阵列和第二子阵列，该方法包括
S401、设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向，设置第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二方向，所述第二方向和所述第一方向的方向不同。
S402、检测第一子阵列输出信号的功率，检测第二子阵列输出信号的功率。
S403、根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
因为S402可以同时检测第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率，因此可以同时比较第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率进而判断出哪个子阵列对应的接收方向较优。因此步骤S403可以根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。因为仅需要比较第一子阵列输出信号和第二子阵列输出信号在某一时刻的功率值，因此判断速度非常快。当 然，也可以多判断几个时刻的值进行加权平均以保证对准方向判断的准确性。
为了保证第一对准方向判断的准确性和速度，本发明实施例可以用于对准方向的监控调整，即在实施S401之前，阵列天线已经在正常通信工作，例如已经在第二对准方向进行正常接收工作，但是发生了大风或其他因素导致阵列天线的合路器输出信号功率下降，例如低于某一阈值，此时可以启动S401的步骤进行波束对准，也可以设定定时器周期性的启动S401的步骤以监控接收波束方向是否可以优化，当然也可以是其它触发条件触发步骤S401，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
因此在步骤S401之前还可以包括：设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向和第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向，或者设置阵列天线的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向。
步骤S401之前阵列天线在第二对准方向进行正常接收工作，因此后续的监控调整工作可以基于第二对准方向进行监控调整。
如果使用两个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，可以设定第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角和所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影和所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影在一条直线上。此时，可以仅比较第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，例如如果第一子阵列输出信号的功率比第二子阵列输出信号的功率大，则可以设定第一方向为第一对准方向，在接下来的通信过程中设定阵列天线的输出信号对应接收方向为第一方向，即第一对准方向。
如果使用三个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，步骤S401中还包括设置第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，可以设定所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第 一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差120度。步骤S402中还包括检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率。步骤S403具体包括：根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第三子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，例如可以根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
如果使用四个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，步骤S401中还包括设置第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，设置第四子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第四方向，可以设定所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第四方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第四方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差90度。步骤S402中还包括检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率，检测第四子阵列输出信号的功率。步骤S403具体包括：根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第二子阵列输出信号的功率、第三子阵列输出信号的功率以及第四子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，例如可以根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第四子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
如果设定定时器周期性的启动S401的步骤以监控接收波束方向是否可以优化，此时原先的第二对准方向可以依然是较优方向而不需要优化，此时需要比较原先的第二对准方向的功率值，例如设定两个子阵列为不同于第二对准方向，设定一个子阵列对应的方向为第二对准方向，则步骤S401还包括设置第五子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向。步骤 S402还包括检测第五子阵列输出信号的功率。步骤S403具体为：根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第五子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，例如可以根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第五子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。当然也可以在使用两个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整时，设定其中一个的方向为第二对准方向，例如设置第一方向为第二对准方向，第二方向按照已定规则变化，例如绕着第二对准方向转动，从而可以高效的进行对准。
步骤S403中需要根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向，如果使用两个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，则仅根据这两个子阵列的输出信号的功率即可得到第一对准方向，如果使用更多个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，则根据相应的子阵列的输出信号的功率即可得到第一对准方向。以使用两个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整为例，此时为了方便确定第一对准方向，可以配置第一子阵列和第二子阵列的接收面积相等。当然，如果第一子阵列和第二子阵列的接收面积不相等，也可以根据接收面积对第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率进行换算，得到相同面积下的功率值再进行比较确定第一对准方向，也可以使用其它算法进行计算以确定第一对准方向，本发明实施例对此不做限定。
本发明实施例在步骤S403确定第一对准方向时，可以使用简单的方法进行工作，例如如果使用两个子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，若第一子阵列输出信号的功率大于第二子阵列输出信号的功率，且功率差大于第二阈值，则第一对准方向为第一方向；若第一子阵列输出信号的功率大于第二子阵列输出信号的功率，但功率差小于于第三阈值，通过一定的计算规则计算介于第一方向和第二方向之间的其它方向作为第一对准方向。如果使用两个以上子阵列进行对准方向的监控调整，可以使用类似规则进行第一对准方向 的确定。
为了形象的说明子阵列的可能排布关系以方便理解方案，下面以图5和图6进行简单说明，图5和图6中16个子阵列按照4×4的排列方式构成。
图5中在正常通信的时刻，所有子阵列形成一个单一的接收波束即第二对准方向。
在感知到通信链路的接收功率降低到一个阈值时，***判定链路中的物理设备出现了相对位移，于是启动对准检测进行波束对准。此时，4个2×2子阵列的区域分别形成4个不同指向的独立波束，每个波束均以正常通信时刻的第二对准方向为中心，以一个固定的偏置角度呈“十字”状张开——即每个波束指向与第二对准方向的具有相同的夹角，并且在阵列平面上的投影以90度为间隔相互分开，对应图5中的第一方向，第二方向，第三方向和第四方向。
整个阵列以分级合路的方式将接收信号进行合并——即每个2×2区域的子阵列首先分别进行信号合并，可以参考图3中的合路器301，然后4个区域的合路信号再进行最后的信号合并，可以参考图1中的合路器101。进行对准检测时，在4个子区域的合路信号上分别耦合出4路拷贝信号，可以参考图1中的M个耦合器，然后送入4个独立的功率检测器中进行功率检测，可以参考图1中的M个功率检测器。功率检测器的输出送入判决器进行波束对准方向的判断，可以参考图1中的判决器102，。
判决器在同一时刻同时采样4路功率检测单元的输出进行对比，为避免因信号波动而抓取到低电平时刻的信号，判决单元可以连续采样二或三个时刻的检测功率，并选择其中功率最大时刻的采样值进行对比。若4路输入中存在一个明显的最大功率，则以该功率对应区域的波束方向作为下一周期内正常通信时的第一对准方向，以该区域内移相器的相位偏置值更新整个收发阵列的相位偏置值，从而改变收发波束方向，实现对准；若4路输入中检测到若干个近似的功率，则可以以这些区域波束的等增益交点作为下一周期内 正常通信时的第一对准方向，以这些区域内移相器相位偏置值的均值更新整个收发阵列的相位偏置值，从而改变收发波束方向，实现对准。
图6中在正常通信的时刻，所有阵列形成一个单一的接收波束即第二对准方向。
通信***在时间上周期地分配对准检测时隙，在对准检测时隙内，4个角上的子阵列分别形成4个不同指向的独立波束，每个波束均以正常通信时刻的第二对准方向为中心，以一个固定的偏置角度呈“十字”状张开——即每个波束指向与B的具有相同的夹角，并且在阵列平面上的投影以90度为间隔相互分开。同时，阵列中其他区域的子阵列保持相位配置不变，维持波束方向B，保障检测时刻链路通信正常，对应图6中的第一方向，第二方向，第三方向和第四方向。
在子阵列信号进行合并前，从4个偏转波束的子阵列和任意1个不动波束的子阵列上分别耦合出5路拷贝信号。耦合信号送入5个独立的功率检测器中进行功率检测。功率检测器的输出送入判决器进行波束对准方向的判断。
判决器在同一时刻同时采样5路功率检测单元的输出进行对比，为避免因信号波动而抓取到低电平时刻的信号，判决单元可以连续采样二或三个时刻的检测功率，并选择其中功率最大时刻的采样值进行对比。若5路输入中存在一个明显的最大功率，则以该功率对应区域的波束方向作为下一周期内正常通信时的第一对准方向，以该区域内移相器的相位偏置值更新整个收发阵列的相位偏置值，从而改变收发波束方向，实现对准；若5路输入中检测到若干个近似的功率，则以这些区域波束的等增益交点作为下一周期内正常通信时的第一对准方向，以这些区域内移相器相位偏置值的均值更新整个收发阵列的相位偏置值，从而改变收发波束方向，实现对准。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的***，装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示 意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个***，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的目的。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种阵列天线，包括第一子阵列、第二子阵列、第一功率检测器、第二功率检测器和判决器，其中所述第一功率检测器和所述第一子阵列相连，所述第二功率检测器和所述第二子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第一功率检测器相连、所述判决器和所述第二功率检测器相连，所述第一功率检测器用于检测所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述第二功率检测器用于检测所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，还包括，第三子阵列和第三功率检测器，所述第三功率检测器和所述第三子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第三功率检测器相连，所述第三功率检测器用于检测所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率确定所述阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，还包括，第四子阵列和第四功率检测器，所述第四功率检测器和所述第四子阵列相连，所述判决器和所述第四功率检测器相连，所述第四功率检测器用于检测所述第四子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率、所述第三子阵列的输出信号的功率和所述第四子阵列的输出信号的功率确定所述阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，还包括N-2个子阵列和N-2个功率检测器，N为大于2的整数，每个功率检测器和相应的子阵列相连并用于检测相应的子阵列的输出信号的功率，所述判决器还和所述N-2个功率检测器相连，所述判决器具体用于根据所述第一子阵列的输出信 号的功率、所述第二子阵列的输出信号的功率以及N-2个子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述判决器具体用于根据第一时刻第一子阵列的输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列的输出信号的功率确定阵列天线第一对准方向。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第一子阵列包括第一阵元，第二阵元，第一移相器，第二移相器和子阵列第一合路器，其中所述第一移相器和所述第一阵元相连，所述第二移相器和所述第二阵元相连，所述子阵列第一合路器和所述第一移相器相连，所述子阵列第一合路器和所述第二移相器相连，所述第一移相器用于对来自第一阵元的信号进行移相并发送到子阵列第一合路器，所述第二移相器用于对来自第二阵元的信号进行移相并发送到子阵列第一合路器，所述子阵列第一合路器用于对来自第一移相器的信号和第二移相器的信号进行合路处理并输出信号。
  7. 根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，还包括阵列天线合路器，所述阵列天线合路器和所述第一子阵列相连，所述阵列天线合路器和所述第二子阵列相连，所述阵列天线合路器用于对来自第一子阵列的信号和来自第二子阵列的信号进行合路处理。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的阵列天线，其特征在于，所述第一功率检测器具体用于检测第一子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率，所述第二功率检测器具体用于检测第二子阵列发送到阵列天线合路器的信号的耦合信号的功率。
  9. 一种阵列天线的波束对准方法，所述阵列天线至少包括第一子阵列和第二子阵列，其特征在于，包括：
    设置所述第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向；
    设置所述第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二方向，所述 第二方向和所述第一方向的方向不同；
    检测所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率；
    检测所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率；
    根据所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，根据所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率和所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向具体包括：
    根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  11. 根据权利要求9至10中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，设置所述第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向之前还包括：
    设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向和第二子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向，或者
    设置阵列天线的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角和所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同。
  13. 根据权利要求9-12中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于：
    所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影和所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影在一条直线上。
  14. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，所述阵列天线还包括第三子阵列，所述方法还包括：
    设置所述第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述 第一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差120度；
    检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率；
    根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
    根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  15. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，所述阵列天线还包括第三子阵列和第四子阵列，所述方法还包括：
    设置所述第三子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第三方向，设置所述第四子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第四方向，所述第一方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第二方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角、所述第三方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角以及所述第四方向和所述第二对准方向之间的夹角相同，所述第一方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第二方向在阵列天线上的投影、所述第三方向在阵列天线上的投影以及所述第四方向在阵列天线上的投影两两相差90度；
    检测第三子阵列输出信号的功率；
    检测第四子阵列输出信号的功率；
    根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
    根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第三子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第四子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  16. 根据权利要求11所述的方法，所述阵列天线还包括第五子阵列，所述方法还包括：
    设置所述第五子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第二对准方向；
    检测第五子阵列输出信号的功率；
    根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
    根据第一时刻第一子阵列输出信号的功率、第一时刻第二子阵列输出信号的功率以及第一时刻第五子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向。
  17. 根据权利要求9至16中任一项所述的方法，设置第一子阵列的输出信号对应的接收波束方向为第一方向之前所述方法还包括：
    判断阵列天线输出信号的功率小于第一阈值；或者
    判断定时器到时。
  18. 根据权利要求9至17中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一子阵列和第二子阵列的接收面积相等。
  19. 根据权利要求9至18中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，根据第一子阵列输出信号的功率和第二子阵列输出信号的功率确定阵列天线的第一对准方向包括：
    若所述第一子阵列输出信号的功率大于所述第二子阵列输出信号的功率，且功率差大于第二阈值，则第一对准方向为第一方向。
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