WO2016163228A1 - 固体撮像装置、電子機器、およびad変換装置 - Google Patents
固体撮像装置、電子機器、およびad変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/0617—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence
- H03M1/0675—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence using redundancy
- H03M1/0678—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence using redundancy using additional components or elements, e.g. dummy components
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
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Definitions
- the present technology relates to a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and an AD conversion device, and more particularly, to a solid-state imaging device, an electronic device, and an AD conversion device that can suppress the occurrence of errors in AD conversion results.
- the inversion delay is the time from when the magnitude relationship of the two inputs of the differential pair changes until the output is inverted.
- the noise of the ADC can be reduced by reducing the noise of the comparator. Also, the AD conversion time can be shortened by suppressing the inversion delay of the comparator.
- the noise reduction in the comparator can be realized by increasing the capacity value of the capacity for limiting the band (hereinafter referred to as band-limited capacity) to narrow the noise band.
- band-limited capacity the capacity value of the capacity for limiting the band
- the inversion delay increases.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a comparator in which the capacity value of the band limiting capacity is variable. According to this configuration, when the reference signal is tilted, the inversion delay can be minimized while keeping the noise constant by reducing the capacity value of the band limiting capacity.
- Patent Document 1 With the configuration of Patent Document 1, the trade-off between noise and inversion delay is not eliminated, and inversion delay increases when noise is reduced.
- Patent Document 2 it is proposed to connect a capacitor for producing a mirror effect between the input and output of the second amplifier constituting the comparator in order to eliminate the trade-off between noise and inversion delay.
- the capacitance value of the capacitor is small before the inversion operation, but increases due to the mirror effect during the inversion operation. As a result, the inversion delay can be minimized while reducing noise.
- Patent Document 2 when a large number of ADCs such as column ADCs operate at the same time, noise is superimposed on the output stage due to fluctuations in the power supply. As a result, an error occurs in the AD conversion result.
- This technology has been made in view of such a situation, and is intended to suppress the occurrence of errors in AD conversion results.
- a solid-state imaging device includes a pixel unit having a plurality of pixels, a comparator that compares a pixel signal output from the pixel and a reference signal, and a counter that counts a comparison time of the comparator.
- the comparator includes a first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the pixel signal and the reference signal, and a second amplifier that amplifies an output signal of the first amplifier.
- a second transistor having the same polarity as the first transistor, the gate of the second transistor being connected to the output node of the first amplifier, and the source and drain of the second transistor Are connected to the same fixed potential as the source of the first transistor.
- the source and drain of the second transistor are connected to a power supply potential.
- the source and drain of the second transistor are connected to the ground potential.
- the threshold voltage of the second transistor is set to substantially the same level as the output signal of the first amplifier immediately before the second amplifier starts inversion.
- An electronic apparatus includes a pixel unit having a plurality of pixels, a comparator that compares a pixel signal output from the pixel and a reference signal, and a counter that counts a comparison time of the comparator.
- the comparator includes: a first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the pixel signal and the reference signal; a second amplifier that includes a first transistor and amplifies an output signal of the first amplifier; , A second transistor having the same polarity as the first transistor, the gate of the second transistor being connected to the output node of the first amplifier, and the source and drain of the second transistor Comprises a solid-state imaging device connected to the same fixed potential as the source of the first transistor.
- An AD conversion circuit includes a comparator that compares an analog signal and a reference signal, amplifies the result, and a counter that counts a comparison time of the comparator, and the comparator includes the comparator A first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the analog signal and the reference signal; a second amplifier that includes a first transistor and that amplifies an output signal of the first amplifier; and a polarity of the first transistor And a second transistor having the same polarity, the gate of the second transistor being connected to the output node of the first amplifier, and the source and drain of the second transistor being the source of the first transistor Are connected to the same fixed potential.
- a first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between a pixel signal and a reference signal, a first transistor, a second amplifier that amplifies an output signal of the first amplifier, and a first amplifier And a second transistor having the same polarity as the second transistor, the gate of the second transistor is connected to the output node of the first amplifier, and the source and drain of the second transistor are connected to the first transistor. Connected to the same fixed potential as the source of the transistor.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a solid-state imaging device according to the present technology.
- a solid-state imaging device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is configured as a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a pixel unit 11, a vertical scanning circuit 12, a horizontal transfer scanning circuit 13, a timing control circuit 14, an ADC (Analog / Digital / Converter) group 15, a DAC 16, an amplifier circuit 17, and a signal processing circuit 18. .
- ADC Analog / Digital / Converter
- the pixel unit 11, the vertical scanning circuit 12, the horizontal transfer scanning circuit 13, the ADC group 15, the DAC 16, and the amplifier circuit 17 are configured by analog circuits.
- the timing control circuit 14 and the signal processing circuit 18 are configured by digital circuits.
- the pixel unit 11 is configured by arranging a plurality of pixels in a matrix. The configuration of the pixel will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the vertical scanning circuit 12 controls the row address and row scanning.
- the horizontal transfer scanning circuit 13 controls column addresses and column scanning.
- the timing control circuit 14 generates an internal clock as a control circuit for sequentially reading signals from the pixel unit 11.
- the timing control circuit 14 generates timing signals necessary for signal processing of the pixel unit 11, vertical scanning circuit 12, horizontal transfer scanning circuit 13, ADC group 15, DAC 16, and signal processing circuit 18.
- the timing control circuit 14 is an initialization signal applied to an initialization (auto zero: AZ) switch (hereinafter referred to as an AZ switch) for determining an operation point for each column at the start of operation of each comparator of the ADC group 15. Control pulses are generated.
- the ADC group 15 includes a plurality of ADCs arranged in a row.
- the ADC for each column performs AD conversion on the pixel signal VSL from the pixel unit 11 using the reference voltage Vslop from the DAC 16 and digital CDS (Correlated ⁇ ⁇ Double Sampling), and outputs a digital signal of several bits.
- Each ADC includes a comparator 31, a counter 32, and a latch 33.
- the comparator 31 compares the reference voltage Vslop generated by the DAC 16 with the pixel signal VSL obtained from the pixel through the vertical signal line for each row.
- the counter 32 counts the comparison time of the comparator 31.
- the latch 33 holds the count value of the counter 32.
- the output of each latch 33 is connected to the horizontal transfer line LTRF.
- the comparator 31 arranged for each column compares the pixel signal VSL read out to the vertical signal line with the reference voltage Vslop (the ramp signal RAMP) having the ramp waveform.
- the counter 32 arranged for each column operates like the comparator 31, and the pixel signal VSL is converted into a digital signal by changing the ramp signal RAMP and the count value in a one-to-one correspondence. .
- the data held in the latch 33 is transferred to the horizontal transfer line LTRF by the horizontal transfer scanning circuit 13.
- the transferred data is input to the signal processing circuit 18 through the amplifier circuit 17, and a two-dimensional image is generated by predetermined signal processing.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of pixels constituting the pixel unit 11 of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the pixel 51 includes a photodiode 61, a transfer transistor 62, a reset transistor 63, an amplification transistor 64, and a selection transistor 65.
- the photodiode 61 photoelectrically converts incident light into an amount of electric charges (here, electrons) corresponding to the amount of light.
- the transfer transistor 62 is connected between the photodiode 61 and a floating diffusion (FD) as an output node.
- FD floating diffusion
- the reset transistor 63 is connected between the power supply lines LVDD and FD.
- the reset transistor 63 resets the potential of the FD to the potential of the power supply line LVDD when the drive signal RST is given to the gate through the reset control line LRST.
- the FD is connected to the gate of the amplification transistor 64.
- the amplification transistor 64 is connected to the vertical signal line 66 through the selection transistor 65, and constitutes a constant current source and a source follower (not shown).
- the selection transistor 65 When the control signal SEL is given to the gate of the selection transistor 65 through the selection control line LSEL, the selection transistor 65 is turned on. When the selection transistor 65 is turned on, the amplification transistor 64 amplifies the potential of the FD and outputs a voltage corresponding to the potential to the vertical signal line 66. The voltage (pixel signal VSL) output from each pixel 51 through the vertical signal line 66 is input to the ADC group 15.
- the reset control line LRST, the transfer control line LTx, and the selection control line LSEL are wired in units of rows of the pixel array and are driven by the vertical scanning circuit 12.
- the comparator 31 of the present embodiment is mainly composed of a first amplifier and a second amplifier connected in cascade.
- FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration example of a conventional comparator.
- the comparator 100A includes a first amplifier 110 and a second amplifier 120 connected in cascade.
- the first amplifier 110 performs a comparison operation between the pixel signal VSL and the reference signal Vslop (ramp signal RAMP).
- the second amplifier 120 amplifies the output signal of the first amplifier 110.
- the first amplifier 110 includes p-channel MOS (PMOS) transistors PT111 to PT114, n-channel MOS (NMOS) transistors NT111 to NT113, and capacitors C111 and C112.
- PMOS p-channel MOS
- NMOS n-channel MOS
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT111 and the source of the PMOS transistor PT112 are connected to the power supply potential VDD.
- the drain of the PMOS transistor PT111 is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor NT111, and a node ND111 is formed by the connection point. Further, the drain and gate of the PMOS transistor PT111 are connected, and the connection point is connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor PT112.
- the drain of the PMOS transistor PT112 is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor NT112, and an output node ND112 of the first amplifier 110 is formed by the connection point.
- the sources of the NMOS transistor NT111 and the NMOS transistor NT112 are connected to each other, and the connection point is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor NT113.
- the source of the NMOS transistor NT113 is connected to a reference potential (for example, ground potential) GND.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor NT111 is connected to the first electrode of the capacitor C111, and a node ND113 is formed by the connection point.
- the second electrode of the capacitor C111 is connected to the ramp signal RAMP input terminal TRAMP.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor NT112 is connected to the first electrode of the capacitor C112, and a node ND114 is formed by the connection point.
- the second electrode of the capacitor C112 is connected to the input terminal TVSL for the pixel signal VSL.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor NT113 is connected to the input terminal TBIAS for the bias signal BIAS.
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT113 is connected to the node ND111, and the drain thereof is connected to the node ND113.
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT114 is connected to the node ND112, and the drain thereof is connected to the node ND114.
- the gates of the PMOS transistors PT113 and PT114 are commonly connected to the input terminal TPSEL of the first AZ signal PSEL that is active at a low level.
- the PMOS transistors PT111 and PT112 constitute a current mirror circuit
- the NMOS transistors NT111 and NT112 constitute a differential comparison unit (differential pair) using the NMOS transistor NT113 as a current source.
- the PMOS transistors PT113 and PT114 function as AZ switches, and the capacitors C111 and C112 function as AZ level sampling capacitors.
- the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 is output from the output node ND112 to the second amplifier 120.
- the second amplifier 120 includes a PMOS transistor PT121, NMOS transistors NT121 and NT122, and a capacitor C121.
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT121 is connected to the power supply potential VDD, and the gate thereof is connected to the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 110.
- the drain of the PMOS transistor PT121 is connected to the drain of the NMOS transistor NT121, and an output node ND121 is formed by the connection point.
- the source of the NMOS transistor NT121 is connected to the ground potential GND, the gate thereof is connected to the first electrode of the capacitor C121, and a node ND122 is formed by the connection point.
- the second electrode of the capacitor C121 is connected to the ground potential GND.
- the drain of the NMOS transistor NT122 is connected to the node ND121, and its source is connected to the node ND122.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor NT122 is connected to the input terminal TNSEL of the second AZ signal NSEL which is active at a high level.
- the second AZ signal NSEL takes a level complementary to the first AZ signal PSEL supplied to the first amplifier 110.
- the PMOS transistor PT121 constitutes an input terminal and an amplifier circuit.
- the NMOS transistor NT122 functions as an AZ switch
- the capacitor C121 functions as an AZ level sampling capacitor.
- the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 120 is output from the output node ND121 to the output terminal TOUT of the comparator 100A.
- the comparison with the pixel signal VSL is started. Then, after the intersection of the ramp signal RAMP and the pixel signal VSL, the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 changes sharply.
- the PMOS transistor PT121 of the second amplifier 120 When the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 reaches a level at which the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 120 starts inversion (inversion start voltage Vstart), the PMOS transistor PT121 of the second amplifier 120 is turned on. When the PMOS transistor PT121 is turned on, the current I1 starts to flow, and the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 120 is inverted from the low level (L) to the high level (H).
- the comparator 100A operates in the same manner as the P phase even in the signal level integration type AD conversion (D phase). As a result, kTC noise and comparator offset can be canceled as a result of digital CDS.
- the inversion delay is kept relatively small.
- the slope of the change of the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 is large. For this reason, the band becomes wide and noise cannot be reduced.
- FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram showing another configuration example of a conventional comparator.
- the configuration of the comparator 100B in FIG. 5 is basically the same as that of the comparator 100A in FIG. 3, but a band limiting capacitor C130 is further provided between the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 110 and the power supply potential VDD. It differs in the point to prepare.
- FIG. 6 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the comparator 100B of FIG.
- the timing chart of the D phase period is omitted, and the timing chart of the AZ period and the P phase period is shown.
- the provision of the band limiting capacitor C130 in the comparator 100B reduces the slope of the change in the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110. Thereby, a band becomes narrow and noise can be reduced. However, the inversion delay becomes large.
- FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing still another configuration example of the conventional comparator.
- the configuration of the comparator 100C in FIG. 7 is basically the same as that of the comparator 100A in FIG. 3, but differs in that a capacitor C140 is further provided between the input and output of the second amplifier 120.
- FIG. 8 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the comparator 100C of FIG.
- the timing chart of the D phase period is omitted, and the timing chart of the AZ period and the P phase period is shown.
- FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration example of a comparator of the present technology.
- the configuration of the comparator 31 is basically the same as the configuration of the comparator 100A in FIG. 3, but a PMOS transistor PT150 is further provided as a band limiting capacitor between the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 110 and the power supply potential VDD. It differs in the point to prepare.
- the PMOS transistor PT150 has a polarity opposite to that of the differential pair formed by the NMOS transistors NT111 and NT112 in the first amplifier 110. In other words, the PMOS transistor PT150 has the same polarity as the PMOS transistor PT121 serving as the input terminal of the second amplifier 120.
- the gate of the PMOS transistor PT150 is connected to the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 110.
- the source and drain of the PMOS transistor PT150 are connected to the power supply potential VDD.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the capacitance characteristics of the PMOS transistor.
- the capacitance value of the PMOS transistor is small when the input voltage is high, that is, when the gate-source voltage Vgs is low. However, when the input voltage decreases and the gate-source voltage Vgs exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, the capacitance value of the PMOS transistor increases rapidly.
- the capacitance value of the band limiting capacitor is increased near the start of inversion of the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 120. be able to.
- the threshold voltage Vth of the PMOS transistor PT150 is set to substantially the same level as the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 immediately before the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 120 starts inversion.
- the threshold voltage Vth of the PMOS transistor PT150 only needs to be higher than the inversion start voltage Vstart.
- FIG. 11 is a timing chart for explaining the operation of the comparator 31 of FIG.
- the timing chart of the D phase period is omitted, and the timing chart of the AZ period and the P phase period is shown.
- the output signal 1stcomp changes from a high level to a low level, and is approximately the same level (threshold voltage Vth) as the inversion start voltage Vstart. )
- the capacitance value of the PMOS transistor PT150 increases. Thereby, it is possible to suppress an increase in inversion delay while reducing noise.
- the voltage fluctuation direction of the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 110 is preferably one direction from a high level to a low level, but may be in the opposite direction.
- the trade-off between noise and inversion delay can be eliminated in the same manner as the configuration of the comparator 100C in FIG. 7 using the mirror effect.
- FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating another configuration example of the comparator of the present technology.
- the comparator 200 in FIG. 13 is configured with the polarity of the transistor of the comparator 31 in FIG. 9 reversed. For this reason, the power supply potential and the ground potential to be connected are reversed in the circuit.
- FIG. 13 for ease of understanding, the same reference numerals as those in FIG.
- the comparator 200 includes a first amplifier 210, a second amplifier 220, and an NMOS transistor NT230 connected in cascade.
- a differential pair and a current source are configured using PMOS transistors PT211 to PT213 instead of the NMOS transistors NT111 to NT113 of FIG.
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT213 as a current source is connected to the power supply potential VDD.
- NMOS transistors NT211 and NT212 are used to form a current mirror circuit, and the sources of the NMOS transistors NT211 and NT212 are connected to the ground potential GND.
- an AZ switch is configured using NMOS transistors NT213 and NT214 instead of the PMOS transistors PT113 and PT114 of FIG.
- the first amplifier 210 is supplied with the second AZ signal NSEL to the gates of the NMOS transistors NT213 and NT214.
- an NMOS transistor NT221 is used instead of the PMOS transistor PT121 of FIG.
- the source of the NMOS transistor NT221 is connected to the ground potential GND.
- a PMOS transistor PT221 is used to form a transistor that forms a mirror circuit.
- the source of the PMOS transistor PT221 is connected to the power supply potential VDD.
- the first electrode of the capacitor C121 is connected to the node ND122 connected to the gate of the PMOS transistor PT221, and the second electrode is connected to the power supply potential VDD.
- an AZ switch is configured using a PMOS transistor PT222.
- the second amplifier 220 is supplied with the first AZ signal PSEL to the gate of the PMOS transistor PT222.
- the NMOS transistor NT230 is connected between the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 210 and the ground potential GND as a band limiting capacitor.
- the NMOS transistor NT230 has a polarity opposite to that of the differential pair formed by the PMOS transistors PT211 and PT212 in the first amplifier 210. In other words, the NMOS transistor NT230 has the same polarity as the NMOS transistor NT221 serving as the input terminal of the second amplifier 220.
- the gate of the NMOS transistor NT230 is connected to the output node ND112 of the first amplifier 210.
- the source and drain of the NMOS transistor NT230 are connected to the ground potential GND.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing the capacitance characteristics of the NMOS transistor.
- the capacitance value of the NMOS transistor is small when the input voltage is low, that is, when the gate-source voltage Vgs is low. However, when the input voltage increases and the gate-source voltage Vgs exceeds the threshold voltage Vth, the capacitance value of the NMOS transistor increases rapidly.
- the capacity value of the band limiting capacitor is increased near the start of inversion of the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 220. be able to.
- the threshold voltage Vth of the NMOS transistor NT230 is set to substantially the same level as the output signal 1stcomp of the first amplifier 210 immediately before the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 220 starts inversion. Note that the threshold voltage Vth of the NMOS transistor NT230 only needs to be lower than the inversion start voltage Vstart.
- the comparator 200 of FIG. 13 having such a configuration basically operates in the same manner as the comparator 31 of FIG. However, the waveforms of RAMP, 1stcomp, and 2ndAmp in the timing chart of FIG. 11 are opposite.
- noise due to GND fluctuation is input to the source of the NMOS transistor NT221 and also to the gate of the NMOS transistor NT221 via the NMOS transistor NT230. Therefore, the fluctuation of the gate-source voltage Vgs is relatively suppressed, and it is possible to suppress noise from being superimposed on the output signal 2ndOUT of the second amplifier 220. As a result, occurrence of errors in the AD conversion result can be suppressed.
- the imaging apparatus refers to a camera system such as a digital still camera or a digital video camera, or an electronic apparatus having an imaging function such as a mobile phone.
- a module-like form mounted on an electronic device that is, a camera module is used as an imaging device.
- FIG. 15 includes an optical lens 301, a shutter device 302, a solid-state imaging device 303, a drive circuit 304, and a signal processing circuit 305.
- FIG. 15 shows an embodiment in which the above-described solid-state imaging device 1 of the present technology is provided in an electronic apparatus (digital still camera) as the solid-state imaging device 303.
- the optical lens 301 forms image light (incident light) from the subject on the imaging surface of the solid-state imaging device 303. Thereby, the signal charge is accumulated in the solid-state imaging device 303 for a certain period.
- the shutter device 302 controls the light irradiation period and the light shielding period for the solid-state imaging device 303.
- the drive circuit 304 supplies drive signals to the shutter device 302 and the solid-state imaging device 303.
- the drive signal supplied to the shutter device 302 is a signal for controlling the shutter operation of the shutter device 302.
- the drive signal supplied to the solid-state imaging device 303 is a signal for controlling the signal transfer operation of the solid-state imaging device 303.
- the solid-state imaging device 303 performs signal transfer using a drive signal (timing signal) supplied from the drive circuit 304.
- the signal processing circuit 305 performs various types of signal processing on the signal output from the solid-state imaging device 303.
- the video signal subjected to the signal processing is stored in a storage medium such as a memory or output to a monitor.
- the electronic device 300 of the present embodiment since the occurrence of an error in the AD conversion result can be suppressed in the solid-state imaging device 303, an electronic device that can obtain a high-quality image as a result is provided. Is possible.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a usage example of the image sensor described above.
- the image sensor described above can be used in various cases for sensing light such as visible light, infrared light, ultraviolet light, and X-ray as follows.
- Devices for taking images for viewing such as digital cameras and mobile devices with camera functions
- Devices used for traffic such as in-vehicle sensors that capture the back, surroundings, and interiors of vehicles, surveillance cameras that monitor traveling vehicles and roads, and ranging sensors that measure distances between vehicles, etc.
- Equipment used for home appliances such as TVs, refrigerators, air conditioners, etc. to take pictures and operate the equipment according to the gestures
- Equipment used for medical and health care ⁇
- Security equipment such as security surveillance cameras and personal authentication cameras
- Skin measuring instrument for photographing skin and scalp photography Such as a microscope to do beauty Equipment used for sports such as action cameras and wearable cameras for sports applications etc.
- Equipment used for agriculture such as cameras for monitoring the condition of fields and crops
- this technique can take the following structures.
- a pixel portion having a plurality of pixels;
- a comparator that compares a pixel signal output from the pixel with a reference signal;
- a counter for counting the comparison time of the comparator, and
- the comparator is A first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the pixel signal and the reference signal;
- a second amplifier having a first transistor and amplifying an output signal of the first amplifier;
- a second transistor having the same polarity as the first transistor, and A gate of the second transistor is connected to an output node of the first amplifier;
- the source and drain of the second transistor are connected to the same fixed potential as the source of the first transistor.
- a pixel portion having a plurality of pixels A comparator that compares a pixel signal output from the pixel with a reference signal; A counter for counting the comparison time of the comparator, and The comparator is A first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the pixel signal and the reference signal; A second amplifier having a first transistor and amplifying an output signal of the first amplifier; A second transistor having the same polarity as the first transistor, and A gate of the second transistor is connected to an output node of the first amplifier;
- An electronic apparatus comprising: a solid-state imaging device in which a source and a drain of the second transistor are connected to the same fixed potential as that of the source of the first transistor.
- a comparator that compares the analog signal with the reference signal and amplifies the result
- a counter for counting the comparison time of the comparator, and
- the comparator is A first amplifier that performs a comparison operation between the analog signal and the reference signal;
- a second amplifier having a first transistor and amplifying an output signal of the first amplifier;
- a second transistor having the same polarity as the first transistor, and
- a gate of the second transistor is connected to an output node of the first amplifier;
- the AD conversion apparatus wherein the source and drain of the second transistor are connected to the same fixed potential as that of the source of the first transistor.
- 1 solid-state imaging device 11 pixel section, 15 ADC group, 31 comparator, 32 counter, 33 latch, 51 pixel, 110 first amplifier, 120 second amplifier, PT150 PMOS transistor, 200 comparator, 210 first amplifier, 220 Second amplifier, NT230 NMOS transistor, 300 electronic device, 303 solid-state imaging device
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本技術の固体撮像装置の構成例を示すブロック図である。
図2は、固体撮像装置1の画素部11を構成する画素の構成例を示す図である。
本実施の形態の比較器31は、主に、縦続接続された第1アンプおよび第2アンプから構成される。
図3は、従来の比較器の構成例を示す回路図である。
ここで、図4のタイミングチャートを参照して、図3の比較器100Aの動作について説明する。
図5は、従来の比較器の他の構成例を示す回路図である。
図6は、図5の比較器100Bの動作について説明するタイミングチャートである。
図7は、従来の比較器のさらに他の構成例を示す回路図である。
図8は、図7の比較器100Cの動作について説明するタイミングチャートである。
図9は、本技術の比較器の構成例を示す回路図である。
図11は、図9の比較器31の動作について説明するタイミングチャートである。
図13は、本技術の比較器の他の構成例を示す回路図である。
ここで、図15を参照して、本技術を適用した電子機器の構成例について説明する。
最後に、本技術を適用したイメージセンサの使用例について説明する。
・自動停止等の安全運転や、運転者の状態の認識等のために、自動車の前方や後方、周囲、車内等を撮影する車載用センサ、走行車両や道路を監視する監視カメラ、車両間等の測距を行う測距センサ等の、交通の用に供される装置
・ユーザのジェスチャを撮影して、そのジェスチャに従った機器操作を行うために、TVや、冷蔵庫、エアーコンディショナ等の家電に供される装置
・内視鏡や、赤外光の受光による血管撮影を行う装置等の、医療やヘルスケアの用に供される装置
・防犯用途の監視カメラや、人物認証用途のカメラ等の、セキュリティの用に供される装置
・肌を撮影する肌測定器や、頭皮を撮影するマイクロスコープ等の、美容の用に供される装置
・スポーツ用途等向けのアクションカメラやウェアラブルカメラ等の、スポーツの用に供される装置
・畑や作物の状態を監視するためのカメラ等の、農業の用に供される装置
(1)
複数の画素を有する画素部と、
前記画素から出力される画素信号と参照信号とを比較する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を備え、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される
固体撮像装置。
(2)
前記第2のトランジスタがPMOSトランジスタの場合、前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、電源電位に接続される
(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(3)
前記第2のトランジスタがNMOSトランジスタの場合、前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、接地電位に接続される
(1)に記載の固体撮像装置。
(4)
前記第2のトランジスタの閾値電圧は、前記第2のアンプが反転を開始する直前の前記第1のアンプの出力信号と略同じレベルに設定される
(1)乃至(3)のいずれかに記載の固体撮像装置。
(5)
複数の画素を有する画素部と、
前記画素から出力される画素信号と参照信号とを比較する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される固体撮像装置
を備える電子機器。
(6)
アナログ信号と参照信号とを比較し、その結果を増幅する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記アナログ信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を備え、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される
AD変換装置。
Claims (6)
- 複数の画素を有する画素部と、
前記画素から出力される画素信号と参照信号とを比較する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を備え、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される
固体撮像装置。 - 前記第2のトランジスタがPMOSトランジスタの場合、前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、電源電位に接続される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記第2のトランジスタがNMOSトランジスタの場合、前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、接地電位に接続される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 前記第2のトランジスタの閾値電圧は、前記第2のアンプが反転を開始する直前の前記第1のアンプの出力信号と略同じレベルに設定される
請求項1に記載の固体撮像装置。 - 複数の画素を有する画素部と、
前記画素から出力される画素信号と参照信号とを比較する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記画素信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を有し、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される固体撮像装置
を備える電子機器。 - アナログ信号と参照信号とを比較し、その結果を増幅する比較器と、
前記比較器の比較時間をカウントするカウンタと
を備え、
前記比較器は、
前記アナログ信号と前記参照信号との比較動作を行う第1のアンプと、
第1のトランジスタを有し、前記第1のアンプの出力信号を増幅する第2のアンプと、
前記第1のトランジスタの極性の同じ極性の第2のトランジスタと
を備え、
前記第2のトランジスタのゲートは、前記第1アンプの出力ノードに接続され、
前記第2のトランジスタのソースおよびドレインは、前記第1のトランジスタのソースと同じ固定電位に接続される
AD変換装置。
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US15/562,643 US10298861B2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | Solid-state imaging device, electronic apparatus, and AD converter |
JP2017511526A JP6743809B2 (ja) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | 固体撮像装置、電子機器、およびad変換装置 |
PL16776397T PL3282688T3 (pl) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | Półprzewodnikowy przetwornik przechwytywania obrazu, urządzenie elektroniczne i urządzenie konwertujące AD |
CN201680017405.3A CN107431773B (zh) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | 摄像装置和电子设备 |
EP16776397.8A EP3282688B1 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | Solid-state image capturing device, electronic instrument, and ad converting device |
ES16776397T ES2793050T3 (es) | 2015-04-06 | 2016-03-23 | Dispositivo de captura de imagen de semiconductores, instrumento electrónico y dispositivo de conversión analógico a digital |
US15/831,517 US10015419B2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2017-12-05 | Solid-state imaging device, electronic apparatus, and ad converter |
US15/992,849 US10356345B2 (en) | 2015-04-06 | 2018-05-30 | Solid-state imaging device, electronic apparatus, and ad converter |
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CN107431773A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
US10356345B2 (en) | 2019-07-16 |
US20180278864A1 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
US20180109746A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
US20180109744A1 (en) | 2018-04-19 |
US10015419B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
EP3282688B1 (en) | 2020-04-29 |
JP2020188477A (ja) | 2020-11-19 |
TWI669964B (zh) | 2019-08-21 |
PL3282688T3 (pl) | 2020-11-16 |
CN110351498B (zh) | 2020-08-18 |
EP3282688A1 (en) | 2018-02-14 |
JP6743809B2 (ja) | 2020-08-19 |
US10298861B2 (en) | 2019-05-21 |
EP3282688A4 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
JP6838675B2 (ja) | 2021-03-03 |
CN110351498A (zh) | 2019-10-18 |
ES2793050T3 (es) | 2020-11-12 |
CN109039334A (zh) | 2018-12-18 |
JPWO2016163228A1 (ja) | 2018-02-08 |
TW201637435A (zh) | 2016-10-16 |
CN107431773B (zh) | 2020-02-18 |
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