WO2016141726A1 - 一种轨道车辆及其车顶 - Google Patents
一种轨道车辆及其车顶 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016141726A1 WO2016141726A1 PCT/CN2015/094213 CN2015094213W WO2016141726A1 WO 2016141726 A1 WO2016141726 A1 WO 2016141726A1 CN 2015094213 W CN2015094213 W CN 2015094213W WO 2016141726 A1 WO2016141726 A1 WO 2016141726A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- roof
- mount
- pantograph
- vehicle
- rail vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B61—RAILWAYS
- B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
- B61D17/00—Construction details of vehicle bodies
- B61D17/04—Construction details of vehicle bodies with bodies of metal; with composite, e.g. metal and wood body structures
- B61D17/12—Roofs
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of rail vehicles, and in particular to a rail vehicle and a roof thereof.
- the roof of a traditional train is made up of multiple profiles, and the number of profiles required is large. Therefore, there are more welds on the roof, which reduces the strength of the roof and affects the smoothness of the outer contour of the roof. degree.
- the traditional train's current collection system protrudes from the roof of the car.
- Air conditioners are usually installed on the roof. The top of the air conditioner also protrudes from the roof.
- the current collecting system will have a greater impact on the interior noise and source noise, and will also have a greater impact on the aerodynamic performance of the vehicle.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a rail vehicle and a roof thereof, which can realize the sinking installation of the current collecting equipment and the air conditioner, and at the same time reduce the influence on the roof streamline structure, thereby reducing the air resistance and the aerodynamic noise, and improving the train. Aerodynamic performance.
- the present invention provides a roof of a rail vehicle, the roof includes a plurality of horizontally spliced hollow profiles, and a bottom surface of the hollow profile is provided with a longitudinally extending chute to form a mounting portion of the interior equipment.
- the roof is provided with an air conditioner mount, a pantograph mount and a high-voltage equipment box, all of which are embedded on the roof, and the tops of the three are arranged in an arc matching with the roof. .
- the roof of the invention is formed by splicing hollow profiles, and the width of each hollow profile can be increased, so that a small number of hollow profiles can be used to form the entire roof, thereby reducing the number of profiles required for the roof and thereby reducing the number of profiles required for the roof.
- a longitudinally extending chute can be arranged on the bottom surface of the hollow profile, and the chute extends in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body; when the built-in equipment is required, the roof of the compartment requiring the built-in equipment can be directly used, and the chute on the roof of the vehicle Cut in, hoist the equipment on the roof, or use the chute as part of the equipment mount, which can effectively reduce the number of mounts for welding the built-in equipment directly on the vehicle body, simplify the structure of the vehicle body, and improve the strength of the vehicle body. It also simplifies the process of the built-in equipment.
- the roof is provided with an air-conditioning mount, a pantograph mount and a high-voltage equipment box, all of which are embedded in the roof, and the tops of the three are arranged to cooperate with the roof.
- the arc At this time, there is no equipment on the roof that protrudes from the roof. All the equipment can be “sinked” on the roof, which reduces the air resistance and aerodynamic noise generated during the running of the vehicle due to the protruding roof.
- the above three cooperate with the outer contour of the roof to realize the smooth design of the roof surface, so that the flow line of the roof meets the dynamic demand, reduces the resistance during the running of the train, and effectively improves the train. Aerodynamic performance.
- the chute is a C-shaped groove that is open downward.
- the cross section of the roof is curved, and the arc of the curved middle portion is smaller than the arc of both sides thereof.
- the hollow profile on both sides has a longitudinally extending cavity for mounting a high voltage cable.
- the hollow profile of the roof is at the overlap with the pantograph mount and/or the overlap with the air conditioner mount and/or the overlap with the high voltage equipment box With ribs.
- the pantograph mount is in the form of a basin that cooperates with a pantograph, the potted structure including a bottom and a side portion enclosing the outer periphery of the bottom, the top edge of the side portion
- the hollow profile of the roof is lap welded and the sides are inclined from bottom to top.
- the pantograph mount further has a drain pipe extending from the basin structure to both sides of the roof and penetrating the roof.
- the high-voltage equipment box includes a box body and a top cover that is movably covered on the box body, and is sealedly connected therebetween; and further includes a connecting tube, one end of the connecting tube and the box body Connected, the other end extends to the end wall of the rail vehicle and runs through the end wall.
- the air conditioner mounting seat is configured in a box structure, and the central cavity of the block structure is used for accommodating an air conditioner, and the four sides thereof are side beams made of a hollow profile, and the inner side of the side beam is air-conditioned.
- the outer side can be welded to the hollow profile of the roof.
- the present invention also provides a rail vehicle having the roof of any of the above.
- the rail vehicle of the present invention has the roof according to any one of the above, the technical effects produced by the roof according to any of the above aspects are applicable to the rail vehicle of the present invention, and will not be described herein.
- FIG. 1 is a top plan view of a roof of a rail vehicle according to the present invention in a specific embodiment
- Figure 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the A-A direction of Figure 1;
- Figure 3 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line B-B of Figure 1;
- Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of a portion A of Figure 3;
- Figure 5 is a cross-sectional structural view taken along line C-C of Figure 1;
- Figure 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the D-D direction of Figure 1;
- Figure 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the E-E direction of Figure 1.
- Roof 1 cavity 11, rib 12, chute 2, air conditioner mount 3, side beam 31, pantograph mount 4, bottom 41, side portion 42, drain pipe 43, high pressure equipment box 5, cabinet 51.
- the core of the invention is to provide a rail vehicle and a roof thereof, which can realize the sinking installation of the current collecting equipment and the air conditioner, and at the same time reduce the influence on the roof streamline structure, thereby reducing the air resistance and the aerodynamic noise, and improving the train. Aerodynamic performance.
- the roof 1 of the rail vehicle of the present invention comprises a plurality of hollow profiles, each of which extends in the longitudinal direction to cover the longitudinal direction of the entire vehicle body; the hollow profiles are laterally spliced to form the entire vehicle.
- Top 1 Specifically, five hollow profiles can be used to form the entire roof 1 , and a hollow profile having a larger width and a thin wall thickness can be formed by extrusion to effectively cover the width of the roof 1 and reduce the number of hollow profiles required.
- the use of fewer hollow profiles allows for splicing to form the entire roof 1, thereby reducing the number of welds formed by the splicing of the hollow profiles.
- the weight of the roof 1 can be effectively reduced, and the lightweight design of the roof 1 can be realized.
- the hollow profile required to splicing the roof 1 it can be correspondingly arranged according to the overall structure of the roof 1, as shown in the structure shown in Figs.
- the roof 1 can be formed by splicing five hollow profiles, including a left top plate, a left connecting top plate, a middle top plate, a right connecting top plate and a right top plate connected in order from left to right, and the five are connected in turn, and can be related to the middle top plate. Symmetrical settings.
- the left top plate and the right top plate may have a larger arc to form a connection between the roof 1 and the lower body, and the left connecting top plate is used to realize a transition connection between the left top plate and the middle top plate, and the curvature thereof gradually becomes smaller;
- the middle top plate Basically set horizontally, with a relatively weak curvature;
- the right connecting top plate can be set with reference to the left connecting top plate.
- a chute 2 on the bottom surface of the hollow profile, which can extend in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body to constitute a mounting portion of the interior device.
- the chute 2 can be cut off at the position where the built-in equipment is required, or the installation interface of the built-in equipment can be connected to the chute 2, so that the equipment can be installed under the roof 1 without separately welding the equipment on the vehicle body.
- the mount simplifies the installation process of the device. Since the structure of the roof 1 is relatively complicated, it is particularly necessary to install internal equipment such as pipelines and air ducts, and these built-in equipments are usually distributed throughout the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, so it is necessary to provide a plurality of mounts in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body, usually by welding.
- the present invention provides a chute 2 on the bottom surface of the roof 1 so as to be accessed at the corresponding position of the chute 2 when the built-in equipment is required, effectively utilizing the vertical space of the roof 1 and not only improving the vehicle
- the space utilization rate of the body does not cause welding contact with the vehicle body, which effectively improves the convenience of use.
- the air conditioner mount 3, the pantograph mount 4, and the high-voltage equipment box 5 may be disposed on the roof 1 of the present invention, all of which may be embedded in the roof 1 and have respective tops and roofs 1 Cooperating, that is, providing an arc-shaped structure that cooperates with the roof 1 to form a roof of the entire curved structure, and realizes the streamlined setting of the roof 1.
- the above air conditioner mount 3, the pantograph mount 4 and the high voltage equipment box 5 are all embedded in the roof 1, and the roof 1 is not protruded, so that the "sinking" installation can be achieved, not only for the corresponding The equipment is protected, and the aerodynamic noise caused by the protruding roof 1 of the equipment is avoided, and the air resistance during the running of the train can be effectively reduced, and the aerodynamic performance of the train is improved to a large extent.
- the tops of the air conditioner mount 3, the pantograph mount 4, and the high-pressure equipment box 5 are all arranged in an arc shape matching with the roof 1, and can be integrated with the roof 1 without affecting the roof 1
- the external streamline structure makes the outer wheel contour of the roof 1 meet the aerodynamic design requirements, further reducing the air resistance during train operation, improving the train speed and aerodynamic performance, and effectively reducing the noise of train operation.
- the above-mentioned chute 2 can be disposed as a C-shaped groove, and is downwardly opened by the opening of the C-shaped groove, so that the built-in device is accessed by the lower opening thereof, and the roof 1 is realized by the chute 2 The connection is then effectively positioned.
- the above-mentioned chute 2 may be provided on the bottom surface of each of the hollow profiles, or the chutes 2 may be provided only on both sides of the roof 1 for use in the interior equipment. As shown in FIG. 2, there are many devices to be installed on both sides of the roof 1, so that the chute 2 can be provided only on both sides thereof, and the number of the chutes 2 can also be adjusted according to needs, specifically in the roof 1 Two chutes 2 are provided on each side of each side.
- the structure of the chute 2 is not limited to the above-mentioned C-shaped groove, and may be a U-shaped groove or other structural groove-like structure as long as it can be used for the built-in equipment.
- a person skilled in the art can also change the position or shape of the chute 2 according to the requirements of the built-in equipment, or set the chute 2 as a mounting groove whose cross-sectional shape changes in the longitudinal direction.
- the cross section of the entire roof 1 may be curved, and the curvature of the arc may be constantly changed to conform to the flow line requirement of the roof 1.
- the curved arc formed on both sides of the roof 1 is large, and the middle portion is substantially horizontally disposed, and the arc is small; obviously, the curvature on both sides of the roof 1 is greater than
- the curvature of the middle part can also set the roof 1 to a symmetrical structure, and the middle part is connected with the arc connection on both sides.
- the hollow profiles on both sides can be provided with a longitudinally penetrating cavity 11 for mounting a high-voltage cable to realize a high-pressure cable conveying pipe, which is convenient for the roof 1 Built-in high voltage cable for signal and energy transfer.
- the cavity 11 is on both sides of the roof 1 and extends through the longitudinal direction of the entire vehicle body, but is affected by the sectional position of the vehicle and the connection requirements of the air conditioner mount 3, the pantograph mount 4, and the high-voltage equipment box 5, etc.
- the cavity 11 is only indicated in Figures 2 and 4, the specific structure of which can be referred to Figure 4 and described below.
- a reinforcing rib 12 may be disposed at a lap joint of the hollow profile of the roof 1 and the above three to disperse The force acting on the roof 1 prevents the stress concentration from occurring at the lap joint.
- the roof 1 of the present invention is provided with a pantograph mount 4, and the pantograph mount 4 can be configured as a basin structure, which can be specifically installed according to the pantograph.
- the basin structure is correspondingly modified; the edges of the basin structure extend outwardly so that the pantograph mount 4 is connected to the roof 1 with its outer edge.
- the pantograph mount 4 is recessed downward by its outer edge, thereby forming a pit in the middle thereof, which is a pot-like structure that cooperates with the pantograph. That is to say, the pantograph mount 4 is integrally provided on the roof 1 in the form of a recess, which is equivalent to forming a basin-shaped recess on the roof 1.
- pantograph mount 4 when the pantograph is lowered, it can be substantially completely inside the basin structure of the pantograph mount 4, that is, the entire pantograph mount 4 can basically surround the pantograph inside the pantograph. And the pantograph mount 4 is built in the roof 1, so the pantograph may not protrude from the roof 1.
- the mounting seat of the present invention does not protrude from the roof 1 and provides a concave basin structure for the installation of the pantograph. So that the pantograph can basically be under the roof 1, without protruding from the roof 1, The "sinking" installation of the pantograph is now available.
- This "sinking" installed pantograph does not affect the external streamline of the roof 1, which makes the external streamline of the roof 1 more responsive to dynamics, reducing the air resistance and aerodynamic noise of the train. Improve the aerodynamic performance of the train, thereby improving the safety and comfort of the train operation.
- the pantograph mount 4 may include a bottom portion 41 and a side portion 42 connected to the outer circumference of the bottom portion 41.
- the side portion 42 can enclose the bottom portion 41 to form a basin-like structure together with the bottom portion 41, and a basin shape.
- the opening faces upward so as to be lifted and lowered by the pantograph, and then the power is received from the contact net by the pantograph or the pantograph is disengaged from the contact net.
- the top edge of the side portion 42 constitutes the outer edge of the entire mounting seat, that is, the top edge of the side portion 42 can be connected to the roof 1 , and specifically can be welded to the hollow profile of the roof 1 .
- the basin-like structure of the pantograph mount 4 includes a bottom portion 41 and a side portion 42 that is enclosed around the outer circumference of the bottom portion 41 to adjust the relative positions of the bottom portion 41 and the side portion 42 as needed, specifically for the side portion 42.
- the inclination angle between the bottom 41 and the like can realize the sunken installation of the pantograph; at the same time, the structure of the roof 1 can be improved and the smoothness can be improved.
- the bottom portion 41 can be made of a hollow profile to reduce the weight of the roof 1 and realize the lightweight design of the roof 1; then, the top edge of the side portion 42 can be connected with the roof 1 to effectively improve the roof 1
- the streamlined structure reduces air resistance and aerodynamic noise, helping to improve aerodynamic performance.
- the side portions 42 may constitute the side walls of the basin-like structure, and the side portions 42 may also be disposed obliquely, that is, the side portions 42 may be inclined from bottom to top to form inclined side walls, as shown in FIG.
- the inner and outer parts described herein are referred to by the basin-like structure of the pantograph mount 4, the direction near the center of the pot-shaped structure is inner, and the direction away from the center is outer.
- the sides of the entire basin structure have a certain inclination angle, so that the platform region in the middle of the basin structure has better aerodynamic performance; meanwhile, under snowfall conditions, the inclined side portions 42 make snow. It is easy to be blown away, and it is not easy to accumulate in the area of the platform in the middle of the pantograph mount 4, thereby avoiding snow accumulation.
- the pantograph mount 4 of the present invention may further be provided with a drain pipe 43, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- the drain pipe 43 may extend from the basin structure toward both sides of the roof 1 and penetrate the roof 1 , and the drain pipe 43 will form a hollow portion of the basin structure formed by the pantograph mount 4
- the top 1 external environment is connected to remove stagnant water from the basin structure. Drain pipe 43 can be directed If the water is trapped in the basin structure of the pantograph mount 4, it can be discharged outward along the drain pipe 43 by gravity.
- the drain pipe 43 may be disposed on the side portion 42 of the pantograph mount 4, disposed through the inside of the side portion 42, and may be disposed at a position close to the lower end of the side portion 42 so as to accumulate water on both end faces and the bottom portion 41. The accumulated water can be discharged along the drain pipe 43.
- the pantograph mount 4 has a top edge of the side portion 42 welded to the hollow lap of the roof 1 , and the hollow profile of the roof 1 can be placed at a position close to the lap joint for the high voltage line.
- the cavity 11 is such that a high voltage cable is installed in the cavity 11.
- the reinforcing rib 12 may be disposed at the lap joint, specifically, the inner side of the cavity 11 to form a cavity 11 structure having a quadrangular cross section, and the high voltage cable is encapsulated in the cavity 11.
- the air conditioner mount 3 of the present invention may be configured in a box structure, and the box structure may be correspondingly improved according to the installation requirements of the air conditioner; the frame structure is enclosed by the frame to form a central space.
- the cavity is for accommodating the air conditioner, and the frame of the frame structure is used for carrying the air conditioner, that is, the installation of the air conditioner is realized by the frame of the frame structure, so that the air conditioner is built in the central cavity of the box structure.
- the frame of the frame structure may be made of a hollow profile to form the side beam 31, and the inner side of the side beam 31 has an air-conditioning mounting position for installing an air conditioner, and the outer side can be welded to the hollow profile of the roof 1,
- the entire frame structure is fixed on the roof 1, and the air conditioner is installed in the middle cavity, so that the air conditioner does not protrude from the roof 1, and the "sinking" installation of the air conditioner is realized.
- the top surface of the side beam 31 of the frame structure may be arranged in an arc shape matching with the roof 1 so as to be merged with the roof 1 to form the entire roof 1 structure without generating a streamline structure of the roof 1.
- the air conditioner is built in the roof 1 to avoid the complicated process of separately setting the air conditioner shroud, which indirectly reduces the weight of the whole vehicle and improves the aerodynamic performance of the whole vehicle.
- a rib 12 may be disposed at a position where the hollow profile of the roof 1 is overlapped with the air conditioner mount 3, and as shown in FIG. 5, a rib 12 may be disposed at the inner end of the hollow profile of the roof 1 to improve the lap joint. Strength, dispersing the force of the air conditioning unit acting on the roof 1, avoiding stress concentration and affecting installation reliability.
- the side beam 31 may specifically include a front side beam 31.
- the front side beam 31 and the rear side beam 31 extend in the lateral direction
- the left side beam 31 and the right side beam 31 extend in the longitudinal direction
- the four constitute four sides of the box structure
- a plurality of mounting holes may be arranged in the respective extending directions.
- the mounting hole can constitute the above air conditioning mounting position. That is to say, mounting holes can be provided on all four sides of the box structure, so that the air conditioner is connected to the four sides of the box structure with its four sides, thereby arranging the air conditioning frame in a box structure.
- the specific installation form may be a mounting hole, and then connected by a corresponding connecting member, and finally the air conditioner is fixedly connected to the four sides of the box structure, and the air conditioner is fixed in the box structure.
- the high-voltage equipment box 5 of the present invention may include a box body 51 and a top cover 52 that can be movably covered on the box body 51.
- the box body 51 has a hollow cavity for accommodating high-voltage equipment for high voltage.
- the device is installed in the box 51; the top cover 52 can be covered above the box 51 to package the box 51 from the outside, and the top cover 52 and the box 51 are connected by a movable connection, so as to be It is necessary to open or close the case 51.
- the top surface of the top cover 52 can be arranged in an arc-shaped structure that cooperates with the roof 1.
- the top cover 52 cooperates with the roof 1 with its top surface.
- the outer contour structure of the roof 1 is formed to realize the smooth design of the roof 1 so that the streamline structure of the roof 1 can meet the dynamic requirements, reduce the air resistance and aerodynamic noise during the running of the train, and effectively improve the train. Pneumatic performance.
- a sealing connection may be adopted between the top cover 52 and the box body 51, and a sealing member such as a sealing gasket may be provided to protect the high-pressure equipment from rainwater.
- the high-voltage equipment box 5 of the present invention may further include a connecting cylinder 53 that communicates one end of the connecting cylinder 53 with the casing 51, and the other end extends to the end wall 6 of the rail vehicle body and penetrates the end wall 6, as shown in FIG. Show. That is to say, the box body 51 can penetrate the end wall 6 of the vehicle body through the connecting cylinder 53 to communicate with the outside, and the connecting cylinder 53 is equivalent to the conduit of the high-voltage equipment transmission line, and the high voltage of the high-voltage equipment can be connected through the connecting cylinder 53. Can be transported to the inside of the car body or other cars.
- the high-voltage equipment box 5 of the present invention is provided with a special connecting cylinder 53, which constitutes a passage for connecting the high-voltage equipment to the outside.
- the connecting cylinder 53 is disposed inside the vehicle body without affecting the structure of the roof 1, compared with the structural form in which the connecting line is directly exposed to the outside of the vehicle body or disposed on the roof 1 in the prior art.
- the connecting cylinder 53 of the invention can centrally manage the connecting lines of the high-voltage equipment, realizes the built-in of the line, and further reduces the aerodynamic noise of the train operation; on the other hand, the connection The cylinder 53 can penetrate the end wall 6 to transport the high-pressure energy of the high-voltage equipment to other cars or the interior of the vehicle body, thereby avoiding the installation of the high-voltage equipment box 5 on the roof 1 of each car, thereby improving the structure of the roof 1; The connecting cylinder 53 can protect the connecting line and improve the safety of use.
- the connecting cylinder 53 may be provided in a sleeve-like structure, and the specific shape may be a circular sleeve or a sleeve structure of other shapes as long as it can penetrate the end wall 6 of the vehicle body and communicate with the casing 51.
- the connecting cylinder 53 and the casing 51 may be formed in an integrally formed structure, or one end of the connecting cylinder 53 may be welded and fixed to the casing 51, or a fixed connection of the connecting cylinder 53 and the casing 51 may be achieved by bolting or the like.
- the connecting cylinder 53 and the end wall 6 of the vehicle body may be welded or the other end of the connecting cylinder 53 may be fixed to the end wall 6 by a flange as shown in FIG.
- a number referred to herein refers to a plurality of uncertainties, usually three or more.
- front and rear azimuths described in this paper are based on the running state of the vehicle, the direction of the vehicle running direction or the direction parallel to the moving direction of the vehicle is the front, and the direction opposite to the running direction of the vehicle is the rear, the front and rear direction.
- the plane of the track surface parallel to the movement of the vehicle is the horizontal plane
- the plane perpendicular to the horizontal plane is the vertical plane
- the direction perpendicular to the track surface is the vertical direction, that is, the up and down direction, In the vertical direction, the direction pointing to the track surface is downward, and the direction away from the track surface is upward
- the direction perpendicular to the front-rear direction is the left-right direction, also called the lateral direction.
- the present invention also provides a rail vehicle using the above-described roof 1 and having the technical effect produced by the above-described roof 1.
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Abstract
一种轨道车辆及其车顶，所述车顶（1）包括若干横向拼接的中空型材，所述中空型材的底面设有纵向延伸的滑槽（2），以构成内装设备的安装部；所述车顶上设有空调安装座（3）、受电弓安装座（4）以及高压设备箱（5），三者均内嵌在所述车顶上，且三者的顶部设置成与所述车顶配合的弧形。该车顶能够实现集电设备以及空调的下沉式安装，同时降低对车顶流线结构的影响，实现了车顶表面的平顺化设计，进而减小空气阻力和气动噪声，提升轨道车辆的气动性能。
Description
本申请要求于2015年03月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510109052.7、发明名称为“一种轨道车辆及其车顶”的中国专利申请的优先权，以及要求于2015年03月12日提交中国专利局、申请号为201520141412.7、发明名称为“一种轨道车辆及其车顶”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及轨道车辆技术领域，特别是涉及一种轨道车辆及其车顶。
目前，传统列车的车顶采用多根型材拼接而成，所需型材的数量较多，因此在车顶上存在较多的焊缝，降低了车顶的强度，影响了车顶外部轮廓的平滑度。
再者，各型材均较重，则由各型材拼接而成的车顶的重量较大，不能满足轻量化的需求。
更为重要的是，传统列车的集电***，如受电弓、高压接头等均突出于车顶，车顶上通常还安装有空调，空调的顶部也突出于车顶，则突出设置的空调以及集电***会对车内噪声、源场噪声产生较大影响，同时对整车的气动性能也会产生较大影响。
此外，车顶内部通常需要内装设备，为实现内装设备的安装，通常需要在车体上焊接安装座等结构，不仅安装不便，且空间利用率较低。
因此，如何设计一种轨道车辆的车顶，以便实现空调和集电***的下沉式安装，减小空气阻力和气动噪声，有效提升列车的气动性能，是本领域技术人员目前亟需解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种轨道车辆及其车顶，能够实现集电设备以及空调的下沉式安装，同时降低对车顶流线结构的影响，进而减小空气阻力和气动噪声，提升列车的气动性能。
为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种轨道车辆的车顶，所述车顶包括若干横向拼接的中空型材，所述中空型材的底面设有纵向延伸的滑槽，以构成内装设备的安装部；所述车顶上设有空调安装座、受电弓安装座以及高压设备箱，三者均内嵌在所述车顶上，且三者的顶部设置成与所述车顶配合的弧形。
本发明的车顶，采用中空型材拼接而成，可以将各中空型材的宽度加大，故可以采用数量较少的中空型材拼接形成整个车顶，减少了车顶所需型材的数量，进而减少车顶上的焊缝；中空型材的重量较轻，可以实现车顶的轻量化设计。同时，还可以在中空型材的底面设置纵向延伸的滑槽，滑槽在车体的纵向延伸；当需要内装设备时，可以直接利用需要内装设备的车厢的车顶，由车顶上的滑槽切入，将设备吊装在车顶上，或者将滑槽作为设备安装座的一部分，进而可以有效减少直接在车体上焊接内装设备用的安装座的数量，简化车体结构，提高车体强度，还可以简化内装设备的工序。
更为重要的是，车顶上设有空调安装座、受电弓安装座以及高压设备箱，三者均内嵌在所述车顶上，且三者的顶部设置成与所述车顶配合的弧形。此时，车顶上没有突出车顶安装的设备，所有设备均可以“下沉式”安装在车顶上，进而降低了因设备突出车顶而在车辆运行过程中产生的空气阻力和气动噪声；与此同时，上述三者与车顶的外部轮廓相配合，实现了车顶表面的平顺化设计，以使得车顶的流线符合动力学需求，降低列车运行过程中的阻力，有效提升列车的气动性能。
可选地，所述滑槽呈开口向下的C型槽。
可选地，所述车顶的横截面呈弧形，所述弧形中部的弧度小于其两侧的弧度。
可选地，处于两侧的所述中空型材具有纵向贯通的型腔，所述型腔用于安装高压线缆。
可选地，所述车顶的中空型材在与所述受电弓安装座的搭接处和/或与所述空调安装座的搭接处和/或与所述高压设备箱的搭接处设有加强筋。
可选地，所述受电弓安装座呈与受电弓配合的盆状结构，所述盆状结构包括底部和围合在所述底部外周的侧部，所述侧部的顶边与所述车顶的中空型材搭接焊连，且所述侧部由下至上向外倾斜。
可选地，所述受电弓安装座还具有排水管，所述排水管由所述盆状结构向所述车顶的两侧延伸，并贯穿所述车顶。
可选地，所述高压设备箱包括箱体和活动盖合在所述箱体上的顶盖，且两者之间密封连接；还包括连接筒，所述连接筒的一端与所述箱体连通，另一端延伸至轨道车辆的端墙，并贯穿所述端墙。
可选地，所述空调安装座设置成方框结构，所述方框结构的中部空腔用于容纳空调，其四边为采用中空型材制成的边梁，所述边梁的内侧具有空调安装位，外侧能够与所述车顶的中空型材搭接焊连。
本发明还提供一种轨道车辆，具有上述任一项所述的车顶。
由于本发明的轨道车辆具有上述任一项所述的车顶，故上述任一项所述的车顶所产生的技术效果均适用于本发明的轨道车辆，此处不再赘述。
图1为本发明所提供轨道车辆的车顶在一种具体实施方式中的俯视图；
图2为图1中A-A方向的剖面结构示意图；
图3为图1中B-B方向的剖面结构示意图；
图4为图3中A部分的局部放大示意图；
图5为图1中C-C方向的剖面结构示意图；
图6为图1中D-D方向的剖面结构示意图；
图7为图1中E-E方向的剖面结构示意图。
图1-7中：
车顶1、型腔11、加强筋12、滑槽2、空调安装座3、边梁31、受电弓安装座4、底部41、侧部42、排水管43、高压设备箱5、箱体51、顶盖52、连接筒53、端墙6。
本发明的核心是提供一种轨道车辆及其车顶，能够实现集电设备以及空调的下沉式安装，同时降低对车顶流线结构的影响，进而减小空气阻力和气动噪声，提升列车的气动性能。
以下结合附图，对本发明的车顶进行具有介绍，以便本领域技术人员准确理解本发明的技术方案。
如图1和图2所示，本发明中轨道车辆的车顶1包括若干中空型材，各中空型材沿纵向延伸，以覆盖整个车体的纵向；各中空型材横向拼接而成，以构成整个车顶1。具体地，可以采用五块中空型材拼接形成整个车顶1，可以通过挤压形成宽度较大、壁厚较薄的中空型材，以有效覆盖车顶1的宽度，减少所需的中空型材的数量，采用较少的中空型材即可拼接构成整个车顶1，进而减少中空型材拼接形成的焊缝的数量。
采用上述中空型材的结构形式，可以有效降低车顶1的重量，实现车顶1的轻量化设计。至于拼接车顶1所需的中空型材可以根据车顶1的整体结构进行相应设置，如图1和图2所示的结构中。车顶1可以由五块中空型材拼接而成，包括由左至右依次连接的左侧顶板、左连接顶板、中间顶板、右连接顶板以及右侧顶板，五者依次连接，且可以关于中间顶板对称设置。左侧顶板和右侧顶板可以具有较大的弧度，以形成车顶1与下部车体的连接，左连接顶板用于实现左侧顶板与中间顶板的过渡连接，其弧度逐渐变小；中间顶板基本上水平设置，具有较为微弱的弧度；右连接顶板可以参照左连接顶板进行设置。上述五块中空型材可以相互配合，共同构成整个车顶1的主体结构，如图1所示。
还可以在中空型材的底面设置滑槽2，滑槽2可以沿车体的纵向延伸，以构成内装设备的安装部。当需要内装设备时，可以在需要内装设备的位置将滑槽2切断，或者说将内装设备的安装接口接入滑槽2，以便在车顶1下方内装设备，无需在车体上单独焊接设备的安装座，简化了设备的安装过程。由于车顶1的结构较为复杂，尤其需要安装管线、风道等内装设备，且这些内装设备通常遍布整个车体的纵向，故需要在车体的纵向上设置若干安装座，通常采用焊接的方式，不仅安装过程较为繁琐，且影响了车体
的强度，还会占用车体内部的过多空间。针对上述情况，本发明在车顶1的底面上设置滑槽2，以便在需要内装设备时在相应位置的滑槽2处接入，有效利用了车顶1的垂向空间，不仅提高了车体的空间利用率，且不会与车体产生焊接接触，有效提高了使用便捷性。
进一步，本发明的车顶1上还可以设置空调安装座3、受电弓安装座4以及高压设备箱5，三者均可以内嵌在车顶1上，并以各自的顶部与车顶1配合，即设置呈与车顶1配合的弧形结构，形成整个弧形结构的车顶1面，实现了车顶1的流线型设置。
一方面，上述空调安装座3、受电弓安装座4以及高压设备箱5均内嵌在车顶1上，不会突出车顶1，能够实现“下沉式”安装，不仅可以对相应的设备进行防护，还避免了因设备突出车顶1造成的气动噪声，更加可以有效降低列车运行过程中的空气阻力，在较大程度上提升了列车的气动性能。
另一方面，上述空调安装座3、受电弓安装座4以及高压设备箱5的顶部均设置成与车顶1配合的弧形，能够与车顶1融为一体，不会影响车顶1的外部流线结构，使得车顶1的外轮轮廓符合空气动力学设计需求，进一步降低列车运行中的空气阻力，提升列车速度和气动性能，有效降低列车运行的噪声。
具体地，如图2所示，上述滑槽2可以设置为C型槽，并以C型槽的开口向下，以便于内装设备由其下方开口接入，借助滑槽2实现与车顶1的连接，进而有效定位。
每个中空型材的底面上均可以设置上述滑槽2，或者仅在车顶1的两侧设置滑槽2，以便用于内装设备。如图2所示，在车顶1的两侧需要内装的设备较多，故可以仅在其两侧设置滑槽2，滑槽2的数量也可以根据需要进行调整，具体可以在车顶1的每侧各设置两个滑槽2。
当然，滑槽2的结构形式不限于上述C型槽，还可以为U型槽或者其他结构槽状结构，只要能够用于内装设备即可。本领域技术人员也可以根据内装设备的需求，将滑槽2的设置位置或者形状进行相应的改变，或者将滑槽2设置为在纵向上截面形状变化的安装槽。
更进一步，如图2所示，整个车顶1的横截面可以成弧形，该弧形的弧度可以不断变化，以符合车顶1的流线需求。如图2中所示的车顶1结构，车顶1两侧所形成的弧形的弧度较大，而中间部分基本水平设置，其弧度较小；明显地，车顶1两侧的弧度大于其中部的弧度，还可以将车顶1设置为对称结构，其中间部分与两侧弧形连接过渡。
在上述基础上，本发明的车顶1中，处于两侧的中空型材可以设置纵向贯通的型腔11，以便用于安装高压线缆，实现高压线缆的输送管，便于自车顶1中内置高压线缆，便于实现信号和能量传递。型腔11处于车顶1的两侧，且贯穿整个车体的纵向，但受剖视图剖切位置的影响以及空调安装座3、受电弓安装座4以及高压设备箱5等的连接需求，型腔11仅在图2以及图4中标示，其具体结构可以参照图4以及下文描述。
此外，考虑到空调安装座3、受电弓安装座4以及高压设备箱5对车顶1的影响，可以在车顶1的中空型材与上述三者的搭接处设置加强筋12，以分散三者作用于车顶1上的力，避免在搭接处出现应力集中，具体可以参照下文的描述。
详细地，请参考图3和图4，本发明的车顶1上设置有受电弓安装座4，该受电弓安装座4可以设置成盆状结构，具体可以根据受电弓的安装需求对盆状结构进行相应改进；盆状结构的边沿向外延伸，以便受电弓安装座4以其外边沿与车顶1连接。采用上述结构，受电弓安装座4由其外边沿向下凹进，从而在其中间形成一个凹坑，该凹坑即为与受电弓相配合的盆状结构。也就是说，受电弓安装座4整体上以内凹的形式设置在车顶1上，相当于在车顶1上凹陷形成了一个盆状凹坑。
采用上述安装座，当受电弓降弓后，其基本上可以完全处于受电弓安装座4的盆状结构内部，即整个受电弓安装座4基本上可以将受电弓包围在其内部，而受电弓安装座4又内置在车顶1上，故受电弓可以不突出车顶1。
与现有技术中直接安装在车顶1外部弧形表面的受电弓安装形式相比，本发明的安装座不突出车顶1，并为受电弓的安装设置了内凹的盆状结构，以便受电弓基本上能够处于车顶1的下方，而不突出于车顶1，实
现了受电弓的“下沉式”安装。这种“下沉式”安装的受电弓不会影响车顶1的外部流线，能够使得车顶1的外部流线更加符合动力学需求，以降低列车运行的空气阻力以及气动噪声，有效提升列车的气动性能，进而提升列车运营的安全性和舒适度。
更为具体地，受电弓安装座4可以包括底部41和连接在底部41外周的侧部42，侧部42能够将底部41围合，进行与底部41共同形成类似盆状的结构，盆状的开口朝向上方，以便受电弓升降，进而通过受电弓从接触网受取电能或者将受电弓与接触网脱离接触。此时，侧部42的顶边构成整个安装座的外边沿，即侧部42的顶边能够与车顶1连接，具体可以与车顶1的中空型材搭接焊连。
采用上述结构时，受电弓安装座4的盆状结构包括底部41和围合在底部41外周的侧部42，以便根据需要调整底部41和侧部42的相对位置，具体可以为侧部42与底部41之间的倾斜角度等，实现受电弓的下沉式安装；同时，还可以改善车顶1的结构，提高其平顺度。此时，可以将底部41采用中空型材制成，以降低车顶1的重量，实现车顶1的轻量化设计；然后，可以侧部42的顶边与车顶1连接，有效改善车顶1的流线结构，降低空气阻力和气动噪声，辅助提升气动性能。
所述侧部42可以构成盆状结构的侧壁，还可以将侧部42倾斜设置，即侧部42可以由下至上向外倾斜，以形成倾斜设置的侧壁，如图1所示。此处所述的内外以受电弓安装座4的盆状结构为参照，靠近盆状结构中心的方向为内，远离其中心的方向为外。
当侧部42倾斜设置时，整个盆状结构的侧面均具有一定的倾斜角度，使得盆状结构中间的平台区域具有较好的气动性能；同时，在降雪条件下，倾斜的侧部42使得雪容易被吹走，而不易堆积在受电弓安装座4中间的平台区域，进而避免产生积雪。
再进一步，本发明的受电弓安装座4还可以设置排水管43，如图1和图3所示。排水管43可以由所述盆状结构向所述车顶1的两侧延伸，并贯穿所述车顶1，则排水管43将受电弓安装座4所形成盆状结构的中空部分与车顶1外部环境连接，以便将盆状结构中的积水排除。排水管43可以向
下倾斜设置，则如果受电弓安装座4的盆状结构中存在积水，便可以在重力的作用下沿排水管43向外排出。
排水管43可以设置在受电弓安装座4的侧部42上，贯穿侧部42的内部设置，具体可以设置在靠近侧部42下端的位置，以便两侧端面上的积水以及底部41的积水均可以沿排水管43排出。
具体到受电弓安装座4，其侧部42的顶边与车顶1的中空型搭接焊连，车顶1的中空型材可以在靠近该搭接处的位置设置用于走高压线的型腔11，以便高压线缆安装在该型腔11中。此时，还可以在搭接处设置加强筋12，具体可以为型腔11的内侧，以便形成截面为四边形的型腔11结构，将高压线缆封装在型腔11中。
此外，如图5和图6所示，本发明的空调安装座3可以设置成方框结构，具体可以根据空调的安装需求对方框结构进行相应改进；方框结构以其边框围合形成中部空腔，该中部空腔用于容纳空调，方框结构的边框用于承载空调，即通过方框结构的边框实现空调的安装，以便将空调内置在方框结构的中部空腔中。同时，方框结构的边框可以采用中空型材制成，以形成边梁31，边梁31的内侧具有用于安装空调的空调安装位，外侧能够与车顶1的中空型材搭接焊连，则整个方框结构固定在车顶1上，并以其中部空腔将空调内置安装，使得空调不突出车顶1，实现了空调的“下沉式”安装。而且，方框结构的边梁31顶面可以设置成与车顶1配合的弧形，以便与车顶1相融合，共同组成整个车顶1结构，不会对车顶1的流线结构产生影响，实现了车顶1的平顺化设置，符合动力学原理，进而满足动车组流线型设计的要求。更为重要的是，空调内置在车顶1上，避免了单独设置空调导流罩的繁琐工序，间接减轻了整车的重量，提高了整车气动性能。
在车顶1的中空型材与空调安装座3搭接处，也可以设置加强筋12，如图5所示，在车顶1中空型材的内端可以设置加强筋12，以提高搭接处的强度，分散空调机组作用于车顶1的力，避免出现应力集中而影响安装可靠性。
具体地，空调安装座3的方框结构中，边梁31具体可以包括前边梁
31、右边梁31、后边梁31和左边梁31，四者可以依次连接，以形成整个方框结构。其中，前边梁31和后边梁31在横向上延伸，左边梁31和右边梁31在纵向上延伸，四者构成方框结构的四个边，在各自的延伸方向上，可以设置若干安装孔，该安装孔即可以构成上述空调安装位。也就是说，可以在方框结构的四个边上均设置安装孔，以便空调以其四边分别与方框结构的四个边连接，进而将空调框架在方框结构中。具体的安装形式可以为安装孔，然后采用相应的连接件进行连接，最终将空调与方框结构的四个边固定连接，则空调固定在方框结构中。
再者，请参考图7，本发明的高压设备箱5可以包括箱体51和能够活动盖合在箱体51上的顶盖52，所述箱体51具有容纳高压设备的中空腔，以便高压设备安装在箱体51内；顶盖52可以盖合在箱体51的上方，以便将箱体51封装，与外部隔离，且顶盖52与箱体51之间采用活动连接的方式，以便根据需要开启或者封闭箱体51。同时，可以将顶盖52的顶面设置成与车顶1配合的弧形结构，当顶盖52盖合在箱体51上时，顶盖52以其顶面与车顶1相配合，共同构成车顶1的外部轮廓结构，实现车顶1的平顺化设计，以便车顶1的流线结构能够满足动力学的需求，减小列车运行过程中的空气阻力和气动噪声，有效提升列车的气动性能。
顶盖52与箱体51之间还可以采用密封连接，具体可以设置密封垫圈等密封件，起到防水密封的作用，避免雨水腐蚀高压设备。
本明的高压设备箱5还可以包括连接筒53，将连接筒53的一端与箱体51连通，另一端延伸至轨道车辆车体的端墙6，并贯穿该端墙6，如图7所示。也就是说，箱体51可以通过连接筒53贯穿车体的端墙6，以便与外部连通，则连接筒53相当于高压设备输送线路的走线管，通过连接筒53可以将高压设备的高压能输送至车体内部或者其他车厢。也就是说，本发明的高压设备箱5设有专门的连接筒53，构成高压设备与外部连接的通道。一方面，连接筒53设置在车体内部，不会对车顶1的结构造成影响，与现有技术中直接将连接线路暴露在车体外部或者设置在车顶1上的结构形式相比，本发明的连接筒53能够对高压设备的连接线路进行集中管理，实现了线路的内置，进而辅助降低列车运行的气动噪声；另一方面，连接
筒53能够贯穿端墙6，以便将高压设备的高压能输送至其他车厢或者车体内部，避免了在每个车厢的车顶1上均设置高压设备箱5，改善了车顶1结构；再者，连接筒53可以对连接线路进行防护，提高了使用安全性。
更进一步，连接筒53可以设置为类似套筒的结构，具体形状可以为圆形套筒或者其他形状的套筒结构，只要能够贯穿车体的端墙6并连通至箱体51即可。
连接筒53与箱体51可以采用一体形成的结构形式，或者将连接筒53的一端与箱体51焊接固定，或者采用螺栓连接等方式实现连接筒53与箱体51的固定连接。连接筒53与车体的端墙6可以采用焊接的连接方式，或者可以通过法兰盘将连接筒53的另一端固定在端墙6上，如图7所示。
进一步说明的是，本文的图7中，由于受电弓安装座4在前后方向的长度较长，且底部41结构基本上不存在变化，故为显示需要，将底部41的中间省略显示，而在底部41的中间设置断面线，以便将与底部41的前后两端相连接的结构以及高压设备箱5显示清楚。
本文所述的若干是指数量不确定的多个，通常为三个以上。
需要说明的是，本文中所述的前后等方位以车辆运行状态为准，车辆运行方向或者说与车辆运动方向相平行的方向为前，与车辆运行方向相反的方向为后，所述前后方向也称为纵向；平行于车辆运动的轨道面的平面为所述水平面，与所述水平面相垂直的平面为所述竖直面；垂直于轨道面的方向为垂向，即所述上下方向，在垂向上，指向轨道面的方向为下，远离轨道面的方向为上；在水平面内，与前后方向相垂直的方向为左右方向，也称为横向。
本发明还提供了一种轨道车辆，采用上述的车顶1，并具有上述车顶1所产生的技术效果。
由于轨道车辆的种类较多，结构较为复杂，本文仅对其车顶1进行了详细说明，其他未尽之处请参见现有技术，此处不再赘述。
以上对本发明所提供的轨道车辆及其车顶进行了详细介绍。本文中应用了具体个例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想。应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通
技术人员来说，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰，这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (10)
- 一种轨道车辆的车顶，其特征在于，所述车顶(1)包括若干横向拼接的中空型材，所述中空型材的底面设有纵向延伸的滑槽(2)，以构成内装设备的安装部；所述车顶(1)上设有空调安装座(3)、受电弓安装座(4)以及高压设备箱(5)，三者均内嵌在所述车顶(1)上，且三者的顶部设置成与所述车顶(1)配合的弧形。
- 如权利要求1所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述滑槽(2)呈开口向下的C型槽。
- 如权利要求1所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述车顶(1)的横截面呈弧形，所述弧形中部的弧度小于其两侧的弧度。
- 如权利要求1-3任一项所述的车顶，其特征在于，处于两侧的所述中空型材具有纵向贯通的型腔(11)，所述型腔(11)用于安装高压线缆。
- 如权利要求4所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述车顶(1)的中空型材在与所述受电弓安装座(4)的搭接处和/或与所述空调安装座(3)的搭接处和/或与所述高压设备箱(5)的搭接处设有加强筋(12)。
- 如权利要求4所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述受电弓安装座(4)呈与受电弓配合的盆状结构，所述盆状结构包括底部(41)和围合在所述底部(41)外周的侧部(42)，所述侧部(42)的顶边与所述车顶(1)的中空型材搭接焊连，且所述侧部(42)由下至上向外倾斜。
- 如权利要求6所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述受电弓安装座(4)还具有排水管(43)，所述排水管(43)由所述盆状结构向所述车顶(1)的两侧延伸，并贯穿所述车顶(1)。
- 如权利要求4所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述高压设备箱(5)包括箱体(51)和活动盖合在所述箱体(51)上的顶盖(52)，且两者之间密封连接；还包括连接筒(53)，所述连接筒(53)的一端与所述箱体(51)连通，另一端延伸至轨道车辆的端墙(6)，并贯穿所述端墙(6)。
- 如权利要求4所述的车顶，其特征在于，所述空调安装座(3)设置成方框结构，所述方框结构的中部空腔用于容纳空调，其四边为采用中 空型材制成的边梁(31)，所述边梁(31)的内侧具有空调安装位，外侧能够与所述车顶(1)的中空型材搭接焊连。
- 一种轨道车辆，其特征在于，具有上述权利要求1-9任一项所述的车顶(1)。
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