WO2016052070A1 - Feuille d'étanchéité, module de cellule solaire et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'étanchéité - Google Patents
Feuille d'étanchéité, module de cellule solaire et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'étanchéité Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016052070A1 WO2016052070A1 PCT/JP2015/075091 JP2015075091W WO2016052070A1 WO 2016052070 A1 WO2016052070 A1 WO 2016052070A1 JP 2015075091 W JP2015075091 W JP 2015075091W WO 2016052070 A1 WO2016052070 A1 WO 2016052070A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sealing sheet
- ethylene
- solar cell
- copolymer
- sealing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 163
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 32
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 156
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 155
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 86
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 50
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-tris(prop-2-enyl)-1,3,5-triazinane-2,4,6-trione Chemical compound C=CCN1C(=O)N(CC=C)C(=O)N(CC=C)C1=O KOMNUTZXSVSERR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006097 ultraviolet radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001451 organic peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 23
- -1 aromatic vinyl compound Chemical class 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 18
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 14
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 11
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 11
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 7
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 6
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 5
- QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octabenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OCCCCCCCC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QUAMTGJKVDWJEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000004291 polyenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XDLMVUHYZWKMMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004713 Cyclic olefin copolymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006164 aromatic vinyl copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 4
- YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentene Chemical compound CCCC=C YWAKXRMUMFPDSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004716 Ethylene/acrylic acid copolymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) decanedioate Chemical compound C1C(C)(C)NC(C)(C)CC1OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1CC(C)(C)NC(C)(C)C1 XITRBUPOXXBIJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006242 ethylene acrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003145 methacrylic acid copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229940117841 methacrylic acid copolymer Drugs 0.000 description 3
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000001226 reprecipitation Methods 0.000 description 3
- DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C DLSMLZRPNPCXGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N (1S,4R)-5-ethylidenebicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound CC=C1C[C@@H]2C[C@@H]1C=C2 OJOWICOBYCXEKR-APPZFPTMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QEQBMZQFDDDTPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy propan-2-yl carbonate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C KDGNCLDCOVTOCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN WYTZZXDRDKSJID-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-trimethylphenanthrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C2C3=CC(C)=CC=C3C=CC2=C1C MYWOJODOMFBVCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 1755-01-7 Chemical compound C1[C@H]2[C@@H]3CC=C[C@@H]3[C@@H]1C=C2 HECLRDQVFMWTQS-RGOKHQFPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GZBSIABKXVPBFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OC(=O)C=C.OCC(CO)(CO)CO GZBSIABKXVPBFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-triallyloxy-1,3,5-triazine Chemical compound C=CCOC1=NC(OCC=C)=NC(OCC=C)=N1 BJELTSYBAHKXRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003923 2,5-pyrrolediones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XFCMNSHQOZQILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C HCLJOFJIQIJXHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1NC(=O)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 IYMZEPRSPLASMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- URDOJQUSEUXVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C URDOJQUSEUXVRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBQVDAIIQCXKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C=C KBQVDAIIQCXKPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(C=C)CC1C=C2 INYHZQLKOKTDAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004641 Diallyl-phthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 244000126211 Hericium coralloides Species 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(prop-2-enyl) benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate Chemical compound C=CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC=C QUDWYFHPNIMBFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000007973 cyanuric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclopentene Chemical compound C1CC=CC1 LPIQUOYDBNQMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[SiH2]OC YQGOWXYZDLJBFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(triethoxy)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)C=C FWDBOZPQNFPOLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Substances CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012685 gas phase polymerization Methods 0.000 description 2
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012968 metallocene catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- DZCCLNYLUGNUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-nitrosophenyl)hydroxylamine Chemical compound ONC1=CC=C(N=O)C=C1 DZCCLNYLUGNUKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002923 oximes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002589 poly(vinylethylene) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylamine Chemical compound CCCN WGYKZJWCGVVSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920005604 random copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUSDEBDNDIJDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 7-methyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C ZUSDEBDNDIJDMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCOCC1CO1 JXUKBNICSRJFAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[3-(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCOCC1CO1 BPSIOYPQMFLKFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)C FVQMJJQUGGVLEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XCPFSALHURPPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 XCPFSALHURPPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTQBNYCMVZQRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-ethenylphenyl)-trimethoxysilane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 LTQBNYCMVZQRSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNFXPOAMRORRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-octylphenyl) 2-hydroxybenzoate Chemical compound C1=CC(CCCCCCCC)=CC=C1OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O VNFXPOAMRORRJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N (5-benzoylperoxy-2,5-dimethylhexan-2-yl) benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIPYNJLMMFGZSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQSGIPQBQYCRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (6,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC(O)(O)C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 AQSGIPQBQYCRLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002818 (Hydroxyethyl)methacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003067 (meth)acrylic acid ester copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BLKRGXCGFRXRNQ-SNAWJCMRSA-N (z)-3-carbonoperoxoyl-4,4-dimethylpent-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)/C=C(C(C)(C)C)\C(=O)OO BLKRGXCGFRXRNQ-SNAWJCMRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMJIDDGLSSJEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,5-trimethyl-3,3-bis(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)CC)CC(C)CC(C)(C)C1 VMJIDDGLSSJEFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABFCPWCUXLLRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2,4-ditert-butylphenyl)-2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound C(C)(C)(C)C1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(O)(C(CO)(CO)CO)C1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C ABFCPWCUXLLRSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMYCVFRTNVMHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(2-methylbutan-2-ylperoxy)cyclohexane Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC1(OOC(C)(C)CC)CCCCC1 IMYCVFRTNVMHAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CC(C)(C)CC(OOC(C)(C)C)(OOC(C)(C)C)C1 NALFRYPTRXKZPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CCP(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(ethenyl)benzene;1-ethenyl-2-ethylbenzene;styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1.CCC1=CC=CC=C1C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NWUYHJFMYQTDRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Butyleneglycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C VDYWHVQKENANGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-ethenoxyethoxy)-2-ethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC=C AYMDJPGTQFHDSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRSGFPUWHKVFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[1-(1-hydroxypropan-2-yloxy)propan-2-yloxy]-3-methoxypropan-2-ol;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COCC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO GRSGFPUWHKVFJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[2-(2-prop-2-enoyloxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OC(C)COC(C)COCC(C)OC(=O)C=C ZDQNWDNMNKSMHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-2-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C NVZWEEGUWXZOKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethenyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C=C)=C1 JZHGRUMIRATHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methoxyethane-1,2-diol;2-methylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC(O)CO.CC(=C)C(O)=O OGHKVCJFHNKOEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAUKBOOEPYNAGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylprop-2-enyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC(C=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 WAUKBOOEPYNAGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-bis(tert-butylperoxy)butane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(CC)OOC(C)(C)C HQOVXPHOJANJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yloxy 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOOC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C DPGYCJUCJYUHTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FTALTLPZDVFJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethoxyethoxy)ethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOCCOCCOC(=O)C=C FTALTLPZDVFJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC(N2N=C3C=CC=CC3=N2)=C1O LHPPDQUVECZQSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]ethylsulfanyl]ethyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCCSCCOC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 VFBJXXJYHWLXRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGTYTUFKXYPTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzoylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FGTYTUFKXYPTML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUDBVJCTLZTSDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenylbenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C=C XUDBVJCTLZTSDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHBCDAHASFSLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hydroxybenzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NN(O)N=C21 PHBCDAHASFSLMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethenylbenzene Chemical compound COC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 CTHJQRHPNQEPAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethoxysilane Chemical compound COCCO[SiH3] WGRZHLPEQDVPET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound COCCOC(=O)C=C HFCUBKYHMMPGBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFXDUNDBQDXPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl 2-ethylhexaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)C(=O)OOC(C)(C)CC IFXDUNDBQDXPQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HDCMRFUDMYGBFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl 7-methyloctaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)CCCCCC(C)C HDCMRFUDMYGBFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFSCGDQQLKVJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbutan-2-yl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound CCC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RFSCGDQQLKVJEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylethenol Chemical compound OC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLLXMBCBJGATSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PKXHXOTZMFCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3-dimethylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C=C PKXHXOTZMFCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOYKFSOCSXVQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[diethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C DOYKFSOCSXVQAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LZMNXXQIQIHFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methylbut-1-ene Chemical compound CC(C)C=C YHQXBTXEYZIYOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-triethoxysilylpropylurea Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCNC(N)=O LVNLBBGBASVLLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-trimethoxysilylpropan-1-amine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCN SJECZPVISLOESU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QEGAVCABINQYQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[6-benzyl-3,5-bis(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,4,6-trimethylcyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]-2,6-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC1(C)C(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C(C=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C(C)=C1C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 QEGAVCABINQYQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-bromo-1,1,1-trifluorobutane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CCCBr DBCAQXHNJOFNGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylidene-3,5-dioxabicyclo[5.2.2]undeca-1(9),7,10-triene-2,6-dione Chemical compound C1(C2=CC=C(C(=O)OC(=C)O1)C=C2)=O LLLVZDVNHNWSDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXQHJLUVWZNSLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethenyl-2,5-dimethylcyclohexa-1,3-diene Chemical compound CC1(C=C)CC=C(C=C1)C TXQHJLUVWZNSLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCBPVYHMZBWMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene Chemical compound C1C2C(C)CC1C=C2 PCBPVYHMZBWMAZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C SAPGBCWOQLHKKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FIHBHSQYSYVZQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJVIKVWFGPLAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)nonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C YJVIKVWFGPLAFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGDIJTMOHORACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-prop-2-enoyloxynonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PGDIJTMOHORACQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical group CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N AsGa Chemical compound [As]#[Ga] JBRZTFJDHDCESZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWJDJKSHWDHVGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1(=CC=C(C=C1)P(OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C.P(O)(O)O Chemical compound C1(=CC=C(C=C1)P(OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)P(OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C.P(O)(O)O PWJDJKSHWDHVGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001483078 Phyto Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910006404 SnO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(C)COC(=O)C(C)=C ULQMPOIOSDXIGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-methyl-3-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)-2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(C)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C SWHLOXLFJPTYTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [3-[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxy]-2,2-bis[3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyloxymethyl]propyl] 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=CC(CCC(=O)OCC(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)(COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)COC(=O)CCC=2C=C(C(O)=C(C=2)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)=C1 BGYHLZZASRKEJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid methyl ester Natural products COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940121375 antifungal agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003429 antifungal agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RPPBZEBXAAZZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium telluride Chemical compound [Te]=[Cd] RPPBZEBXAAZZJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012986 chain transfer agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004697 chelate complex Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004587 chromatography analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;selanylideneindium Chemical compound [Cu].[In]=[Se] UIPVMGDJUWUZEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cycloheptene Chemical compound C1CCC=CCC1 ZXIJMRYMVAMXQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940069096 dodecene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound C=C.OC(=O)C=C QHZOMAXECYYXGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLANBUKUVIWWGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound OCC(=O)OC=C BLANBUKUVIWWGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl formate Chemical compound C=COC=O GFJVXXWOPWLRNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC=C UIWXSTHGICQLQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl(trimethoxy)silane Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)C=C NKSJNEHGWDZZQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- ZJCFFCAWTLMEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl hexyl carbonate Chemical compound [CH2]COC(=O)OCCCCCC ZJCFFCAWTLMEAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ZNAOFAIBVOMLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZDUWXKXFAIFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PZDUWXKXFAIFOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001841 imino group Chemical group [H]N=* 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003456 ion exchange resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003303 ion-exchange polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000554 ionomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003446 ligand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl 1,3-benzoxazole-2-carboxylate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC(C(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 YDKNBNOOCSNPNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940095102 methyl benzoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N mono-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene Natural products OC1=CC=CC=C1C=C JESXATFQYMPTNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021421 monocrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNCCN PHQOGHDTIVQXHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[3-[dimethoxy(methyl)silyl]propyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound CO[Si](C)(OC)CCCNCCN MQWFLKHKWJMCEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl)aniline Chemical compound CO[Si](OC)(OC)CCCNC1=CC=CC=C1 KBJFYLLAMSZSOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N norbornene Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2CC[C@H]1C=C2 JFNLZVQOOSMTJK-KNVOCYPGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940078552 o-xylene Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 3-(3,5-ditert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SSDSCDGVMJFTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005474 octanoate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxybenzone Chemical compound OC1=CC(OC)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 DXGLGDHPHMLXJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentamethylene Natural products C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001195 polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005650 polypropylene glycol diacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical group C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003902 salicylic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003440 styrenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OC(C)(C)C SJMYWORNLPSJQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 1
- FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(3-isocyanatopropyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](OCC)(OCC)CCCN=C=O FRGPKMWIYVTFIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethoxy-[2-(7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptan-4-yl)ethyl]silane Chemical compound C1C(CC[Si](OC)(OC)OC)CCC2OC21 DQZNLOXENNXVAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003682 vanadium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vinyl benzoate Chemical compound C=COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KOZCZZVUFDCZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/16—Nitrogen-containing compounds
- C08K5/34—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring
- C08K5/3467—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen in the ring having more than two nitrogen atoms in the ring
- C08K5/3477—Six-membered rings
- C08K5/3492—Triazines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L23/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of ethene
- C08L23/08—Copolymers of ethene
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sealing sheet, a solar cell module, and a manufacturing method of the sealing sheet.
- solar cells are attracting attention as a means of generating energy that is clean and free from depletion.
- a solar cell When a solar cell is used outdoors such as a roof portion of a building, it is generally used in the form of a solar cell module.
- Said solar cell module is manufactured by the following procedures, for example. First, protective sheet for solar cell module (front surface side transparent protective member) / sealing layer (sealing sheet) / solar cell element / sealing layer (sealing sheet) / protective sheet for solar cell module (back side protective member) Are laminated in this order to form a laminate. Next, the obtained laminate is pressed and heated to be integrated. Thereafter, the solar cell module is manufactured by crosslinking and curing the sealing sheet.
- the solar cell element further includes an electrode for taking out the generated electric power. Since an increase in resistance or short circuit of the electrode leads to a decrease in the amount of power generation, the electrode is required to have durability that does not deteriorate even after long-term use.
- an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) film is widely used since it is excellent in transparency, flexibility, adhesiveness, and the like (Patent Document 1). reference).
- the sealing sheet for forming the sealing layer is required to have a performance that hardly causes the metal contained in the electrode to move even when a voltage is applied for a long time in an outdoor environment.
- the present inventors diligently studied to provide a sealing sheet having excellent long-term reliability. As a result, the inventors have found that by reducing the amount of copper element contained in the sealing sheet, it is possible to realize a sealing layer in which migration of electrode metal hardly occurs even in long-term use.
- the manufacturing method of the sealing sheet, solar cell module, and sealing sheet shown below is provided.
- a sealing sheet used for sealing a solar cell element It consists of a resin composition containing a crosslinkable resin and copper element, The sealing sheet whose content of the said copper element in the said sealing sheet measured by ICP emission analysis is 1.0 ppb or less with respect to the said sealing sheet whole.
- a sealing sheet, wherein the crosslinkable resin contains at least one selected from an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer and an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer.
- the sealing sheet which further contains the 1 type, or 2 or more types of additive selected from the group which consists of a ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and a heat stabilizer.
- a solar cell module comprising: [11] In the solar cell module according to [10] above, A solar cell module, wherein the solar cell element includes a silver electrode.
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment is used in order to seal a solar cell element, and consists of a resin composition containing a crosslinkable resin and a copper element.
- the content of the said copper element in the said sealing sheet measured by ICP emission analysis is 1.0 ppb or less with respect to the said whole sealing sheet, Preferably it is 0.8 ppb or less, Especially Preferably it is 0.5 ppb or less.
- the content of the copper element in the sealing sheet is not more than the above upper limit value, migration of the electrode metal can be suppressed even during long-term use.
- content of the copper element in the said sealing sheet is 0.001 ppb or more, for example.
- the content of the copper element in the encapsulating sheet can be measured by, for example, wet-decomposing the encapsulating sheet, followed by constant volume with pure water, and ICP emission analysis using an ICP emission analyzer.
- the inventors of the present invention have intensively studied the factors that cause the metal contained in the electrode to migrate in the sealing sheet. As a result, the following knowledge was obtained.
- the sealing layer formed by the sealing sheet is in contact with the electrode and is generally molded from a resin composition containing a crosslinkable resin.
- This resin composition may contain several ppm of a metal element derived from a crosslinkable resin synthesis catalyst and various additives, for example, an aluminum element. Conventionally, such a metal element has been considered to have a small effect on the electrode metal.
- the present inventor has found that the migration of the electrode metal is caused even in a small amount of copper element among metal elements. That is, the present inventors have found for the first time that the copper element mixed in the sealing sheet has an influence on the migration of the electrode metal, and have reached the present invention.
- Crosslinkable resin examples include an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer containing ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a high-density ethylene resin, and a low-density ethylene.
- Epoxy copolymer Ethylene / (meth) ethyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / (meth) methyl acrylate copolymer, ethylene / (meth) propyl propyl copolymer, ethylene / butyl (meth) acrylate Copolymer, ethylene / (meth) acrylic acid hexyl copolymer, ethylene / (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxyethyl copolymer, ethylene / (meth) acrylic acid-2-hydroxypropyl copolymer, ethylene / Ethylene / (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymers such as (meth) acrylic acid glycidyl copolymer; ethylene / (meth) Ethylene / ethylenic unsaturated copolymer such as crylic acid copolymer, ethylene / maleic acid copolymer, ethylene / fumaric acid copolymer, ethylene
- an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer composed of ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, which can be crosslinked with a crosslinking agent such as an organic peroxide, a low density ethylene resin, and a medium density ethylene Resin, ultra-low density ethylene resin, ethylene / cyclic olefin copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / cyclic olefin copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / conjugated polyene Copolymers, ethylene / aromatic vinyl copolymers, olefin resins such as ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / aromatic vinyl copolymers, ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic anhydride copolymers, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / unsaturated
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a low density ethylene resin, an ultra low density ethylene resin, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / conjugated polyene copolymer, ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic anhydride copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / unsaturated carboxylic anhydride copolymer, ethylene / epoxy-containing unsaturated compound copolymer, ethylene / ⁇ -Selected from ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers such as olefin / epoxy-containing unsaturated compound copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer, and ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer. It
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, a low density ethylene resin, an ultra low density ethylene resin, an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin / non-conjugated polyene copolymer, an ethylene / One kind selected from ethylene / unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymer such as ⁇ -olefin / conjugated polyene copolymer, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene / acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene / methacrylic acid copolymer Or it is more preferable to use 2 or more types. Among these, at least one selected from ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymers and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers is particularly preferably used. In the present embodiment, the above-described resins may be used alone or blended.
- the content of the crosslinkable resin in the encapsulating sheet in the present embodiment is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass when the entire resin component contained in the encapsulating sheet is 100% by mass. More preferably, it is 95% by mass or more, and preferably 100% by mass.
- the ⁇ -olefin of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprising ethylene and an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms used as the crosslinkable resin in the present embodiment is usually an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among these, ⁇ -olefins having 10 or less carbon atoms are preferable, and ⁇ -olefins having 3 to 8 carbon atoms are particularly preferable.
- ⁇ -olefins examples include propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-butene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene. , 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and the like. Among these, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 1-octene are preferable because of their availability.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer may be a random copolymer or a block copolymer, but a random copolymer is preferred from the viewpoint of flexibility.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is an aromatic vinyl compound such as styrene, o-methylstyrene, m-methylstyrene, p-methylstyrene, o, p-dimethylstyrene, methoxystyrene, vinylbenzoic acid, vinyl.
- Styrenes such as methyl benzoate, vinyl benzyl acetate, hydroxystyrene, p-chlorostyrene, divinylbenzene; 3-phenylpropylene, 4-phenylpropylene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, cyclic olefins having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, such as , Cyclopentene, cycloheptene, norbornene, 5-methyl-2-norbornene and the like may be used in combination.
- the polymerization of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be carried out by any of the conventionally known gas phase polymerization methods, liquid phase polymerization methods such as slurry polymerization methods, solution polymerization methods, metallocene catalysts, Ziegler-Natta catalysts, Polymerization can be performed using a conventionally known olefin polymerization catalyst such as a vanadium catalyst.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer may be a copolymer comprising ethylene, an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a non-conjugated polyene.
- the ⁇ -olefin is the same as described above, and examples of the non-conjugated polyene include 5-ethylidene-2-norbornene (ENB), 5-vinyl-2-norbornene (VNB), and dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). These non-conjugated polyenes can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer preferably satisfies the following requirements a1 and a2.
- the density of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer measured in accordance with ASTM D1505 is preferably 0.865 g / cm 3 or more and 0.884 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.866 g / cm 3. 3 or more and 0.883 g / cm 3 or less, more preferably 0.866 g / cm 3 or more and 0.880 g / cm 3 or less, and particularly preferably 0.867 g / cm 3 or more and 0.880 g / cm 3 or less.
- the density of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be adjusted by a balance between the content ratio of ethylene units and the content ratio of ⁇ -olefin units. That is, when the content ratio of the ethylene unit is increased, the crystallinity is increased and a high density ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be obtained. On the other hand, when the content ratio of the ethylene unit is lowered, the crystallinity is lowered and an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer having a low density can be obtained.
- the density of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is not more than the above upper limit, the crystallinity is lowered and the transparency can be increased. Furthermore, extrusion molding at low temperature becomes easy, and for example, extrusion molding can be performed at 130 ° C. or lower. For this reason, even if a cross-linking agent is kneaded into the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, the cross-linking reaction in the extruder is prevented from progressing, the generation of gel-like foreign matters on the sealing sheet is suppressed, and the appearance of the sheet is improved. Deterioration can also be suppressed. *
- the density of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is not less than the above lower limit, the crystallization speed of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be increased, so that the sheet extruded from the extruder is not sticky, and cooling Peeling with a roll becomes easy and a sealing sheet can be obtained easily. Further, since stickiness is less likely to occur in the sheet, the occurrence of blocking can be suppressed, and the sheet feedability can be improved. Moreover, since it is fully bridge
- Requirement a2 The melt flow rate (MFR) of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer measured in accordance with ASTM D1238 and at a temperature of 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg is usually 0.1 g / 10 min or more and 50 g / 10 g or less, preferably 2 g / 10 min or more and 40 g / 10 min or less, more preferably 2 g / 10 min or more and 30 g / 10 min or less, further preferably 5 g / 10 min or more and 10 g / 10 min or less. It is.
- the MFR of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be adjusted by adjusting the polymerization temperature during the polymerization reaction, the polymerization pressure, and the molar ratio between the ethylene and ⁇ -olefin monomer concentrations and the hydrogen concentration in the polymerization system. can do.
- the MFR is 0.1 g / 10 min or more and less than 10 g / 10 min
- a sheet can be produced by calendar molding.
- the MFR is 0.1 g / 10 min or more and less than 10 g / 10 min
- the flowability of the resin composition containing the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is low. This is preferable in that the laminating apparatus can be prevented from being soiled by the resin.
- the MFR is 2 g / 10 min or more, preferably the MFR is 10 g / 10 min or more, the fluidity of the resin composition containing the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is improved, and the productivity at the time of sheet extrusion molding is improved. Can be improved.
- the MFR is 50 g / 10 min or less, the molecular weight increases, and therefore, adhesion to a roll surface such as a chill roll can be suppressed. Therefore, peeling is unnecessary, and a sheet having a uniform thickness can be formed. Furthermore, since it becomes a resin composition with “koshi”, a thick sheet of 0.1 mm or more can be easily formed.
- the crosslinking characteristic at the time of laminate molding of the solar cell module is improved, it is possible to sufficiently crosslink and suppress a decrease in heat resistance.
- the MFR is 27 g / 10 min or less, the draw-down during sheet forming can be further suppressed, a wide sheet can be formed, the cross-linking characteristics and heat resistance are further improved, and the best sealing sheet is obtained. Can do.
- the influence of the decomposition of the crosslinking agent is small in the melt extrusion step, so that the MFR is 0.1 g / 10 min or more and less than 10 g / 10 min, preferably A sheet can also be obtained by extrusion molding using a resin composition of 0.5 g / 10 min or more and less than 8.5 g / 10 min.
- a resin composition having an MFR of 0.1 g / 10 min or more and less than 10 g / 10 min is used.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer preferably further satisfies the following requirement a3.
- Requirement a3 The content ratio of the structural unit derived from ethylene contained in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is 80 mol% or more and 90 mol% or less, preferably 80 mol% or more and 88 mol% or less, more preferably 82 mol% or more and 88 mol%. % Or less, more preferably 82 mol% or more and 87 mol% or less.
- the proportion of structural units derived from an ⁇ -olefin having 3 to 20 carbon atoms (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ -olefin unit”) contained in the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is 10 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less, Preferably they are 12 mol% or more and 20 mol% or less, More preferably, they are 12 mol% or more and 18 mol% or less, More preferably, they are 13 mol% or more and 18 mol% or less.
- the resulting sealing sheet has excellent transparency. Further, extrusion molding at a low temperature can be easily performed, and for example, extrusion molding at 130 ° C. or lower is possible. Therefore, even when a cross-linking agent is kneaded into the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer, it is possible to suppress the progress of the cross-linking reaction in the extruder, and a gel-like foreign matter is generated on the sealing sheet. The appearance can be prevented from deteriorating. Moreover, since moderate softness
- the crystallization speed of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer becomes appropriate, so that it is extruded from the extruder.
- the sheet is not sticky, can be easily peeled off by a cooling roll, and a sealing sheet can be obtained efficiently. Further, since no stickiness is generated on the sheet, blocking can be prevented, and the sheet feeding property is good. In addition, a decrease in heat resistance can be prevented.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be produced using a Ziegler compound, a vanadium compound, a metallocene compound or the like as a catalyst. Among them, it is preferable to produce using various metallocene compounds shown below as catalysts.
- the metallocene compound for example, the metallocene compounds described in JP-A-2006-077261, JP-A-2008-231265, JP-A-2005-314680 and the like can be used. However, a metallocene compound having a structure different from the metallocene compounds described in these patent documents may be used, or two or more metallocene compounds may be used in combination.
- the polymerization of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer can be carried out by any of the conventionally known gas phase polymerization methods and liquid phase polymerization methods such as slurry polymerization methods and solution polymerization methods. Preferably, it is carried out by a liquid phase polymerization method such as a solution polymerization method.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 5 g / 10 min to 50 g / 10 min, more preferably 5 g / 10 min to 30 g / 10 min, and still more preferably It is 5 g / 10 min or more and 25 g / 10 min or less.
- MFR melt flow rate
- the MFR of the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer can be adjusted by adjusting the polymerization temperature during the polymerization reaction, the polymerization pressure, and the molar ratio between the monomer concentration and the hydrogen concentration of the polar monomer in the polymerization system. .
- the MFR of the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is measured under conditions of 190 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg in accordance with ASTM D1238.
- the content of vinyl acetate in the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 10% by mass to 47% by mass, and more preferably 13% by mass to 35% by mass.
- the vinyl acetate content can be measured according to JIS K7192: 1999. Specifically, the vinyl acetate content was determined by dissolving the sample in xylene, hydrolyzing the acetate group with an alcohol solution of potassium hydroxide, adding excess sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, and adding dropwise with a standard sodium hydroxide solution. It can be measured by quantification.
- the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably a binary copolymer consisting only of ethylene and vinyl acetate.
- ethylene and vinyl acetate for example, vinyl formate, vinyl glycolate, vinyl propionate, vinyl benzoate.
- a vinyl ester monomer such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, or an acrylic monomer such as a salt or alkyl ester thereof;
- the amount of the copolymer component other than ethylene and vinyl acetate in the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer may be 0.5 mass% or more and 5 mass% or less. preferable.
- the method for producing the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is not particularly limited, and can be produced by a known method. For example, in the presence of a radical generator, at 500 to 4000 atm and 100 to 300 ° C., in the presence or absence of a solvent or a chain transfer agent, ethylene, vinyl acetate, and other copolymerization components as necessary are copolymerized. It can be produced by polymerization.
- an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer or an ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer may be used alone, or may be blended.
- the total amount of ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer and ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is 100 parts by mass.
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is preferably 50 to 99 parts by mass, the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, and the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is preferably More preferably, it is 50 to 98 parts by mass, more preferably 2 to 50 parts by mass of ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer, and still more preferably 50 to 95 parts by mass of ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- the ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer is 5 parts by weight or more and 50 parts by weight or less, and the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer is 5 parts by mass or more 95 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer is less than 25 parts by mass 5 parts by mass or more.
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment may contain a silane coupling agent.
- the content of the silane coupling agent in the sealing sheet is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 2 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 1. 8 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 1.5 parts by mass or less. It can suppress that a bubble generate
- the adhesive strength between the sealing sheet and other members can be made better.
- the silane coupling agent is below the above upper limit, methanol and ethanol generated by hydrolysis derived from the methoxy group and ethoxy group of the silane coupling agent are reduced, and bubbles are more reliably generated in the sealing sheet. Can be suppressed.
- silane coupling agent examples include vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ -methoxyethoxysilane), 2- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-glycidoxypropylmethyl.
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment may contain a crosslinking agent.
- the crosslinking agent preferably used for the encapsulating sheet in this embodiment is an organic material having a half-life temperature of 100 to 170 ° C. for 1 minute from the balance between productivity in extrusion sheet molding and crosslinking speed in laminate molding of a solar cell module. Peroxides are preferred. When the one-minute half-life temperature of the organic peroxide is 100 ° C. or higher, sheet molding can be facilitated and the appearance of the sheet can be improved. In addition, the dielectric breakdown voltage can be prevented from being lowered, moisture permeability can be prevented from being lowered, and adhesiveness is further improved.
- the one-minute half-life temperature of the organic peroxide is 170 ° C. or lower, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the crosslinking rate when the solar cell module is laminated, and thus it is possible to prevent a decrease in the productivity of the solar cell module. Moreover, the heat resistance of a sealing sheet and the fall of adhesiveness can also be prevented.
- Organic peroxides having a 1 minute half-life temperature in the range of 100 to 170 ° C. include dilauroyl peroxide, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, and dibenzoylperoxide.
- Oxide t-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, t-butylperoxyisobutyrate, t-butylperoxymaleic acid, 1,1-di (T-amylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di (t-amylperoxy) cyclohexane, t-amylperoxyisononanoate, t-amylperoxynormal octoate, 1 , 1-Di (t-butylperoxy) -3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 1,1-di (t-butylpero C) Cyclohexane, t-butylperoxyisopropyl carbonate, t-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di (benzoy
- dilauroyl peroxide t-butyl peroxyisopropyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxyisononanoate, t-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexyl carbonate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate It is preferable to use 1 type, or 2 or more types selected from.
- the sealing sheet in the present embodiment has an excellent crosslinking property by containing a crosslinking agent, it is not necessary to go through a two-step bonding process of a vacuum laminator and a crosslinking furnace, and at a high temperature in a short time. Can be completed.
- the content of the crosslinking agent in the sealing sheet is preferably 0.1 parts by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or less, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 2 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crosslinkable resin. Yes, more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 1.5 parts by mass or less.
- the content of the cross-linking agent is not less than the above lower limit value, the deterioration of the cross-linking properties of the sealing sheet is suppressed, the graft reaction of the silane coupling agent to the main chain of the cross-linkable resin is improved, and the heat resistance and adhesion Deterioration can be suppressed. Further, when the content of the cross-linking agent is not more than the above upper limit value, the generation amount of the decomposition product of the cross-linking agent is further reduced, and generation of bubbles in the sealing sheet can be suppressed more reliably. .
- the resin composition constituting the encapsulating sheet in this embodiment may contain one or more additives selected from the group consisting of an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and a heat stabilizer. preferable.
- the content of these additives is preferably 0.005 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crosslinkable resin. By making it within this range, the effect of improving the resistance to constant temperature and humidity, heat cycle resistance, weather resistance stability, and heat resistance stability is sufficiently secured, and the transparency and adhesiveness of the sealing sheet are lowered. Can be prevented.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include 2-hydroxy-4-normal-octyloxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4- Benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers such as carboxybenzophenone and 2-hydroxy-4-N-octoxybenzophenone; 2- (2-hydroxy-3,5-di-t-butylphenyl) benzotriazole, 2- (2-hydroxy- Benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers such as 5-methylphenyl) benzotriazole; one or more selected from salicylic acid ester ultraviolet absorbers such as phenyl salicylate and p-octylphenyl salicylate may be used. it can.
- Examples of the light stabilizer include bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate, poly [ ⁇ 6- (1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) amino-1, 3,5-triazine-2,4-diyl ⁇ ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) imino ⁇ hexamethylene ⁇ (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)
- One or more selected from hindered amine compounds such as imino ⁇ ], hindered piperidine compounds, and the like can be used.
- heat stabilizers examples include tris (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, bis [2,4-bis (1,1-dimethylethyl) -6-methylphenyl] ethyl ester phosphorous acid Tetrakis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) [1,1-biphenyl] -4,4′-diylbisphosphonite, bis (2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) pentaerythritol diphos Phosphite heat stabilizers such as phyto; Lactone heat stabilizers such as the reaction product of 3-hydroxy-5,7-di-tert-butyl-furan-2-one and o-xylene; 3,3 ′ , 3 ", 5,5 ', 5" -hexa-tert-butyl-a, a', a "-(methylene-2,4,6-triyl) tri-p-cresol
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment contains a crosslinking aid.
- the content of the crosslinking aid in the sealing sheet is preferably 0.05 parts by mass or more and 5 parts by mass or less, and 0.1 parts by mass or more and 3 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crosslinkable resin. More preferably, it is more preferably 0.2 parts by mass or more and 2 parts by mass or less. Thereby, it can be set as a moderate crosslinked structure and can improve the heat resistance of a sealing sheet, a mechanical physical property, and adhesiveness.
- a compound having two or more double bonds in the molecule can be used.
- t-butyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, cetyl acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, ethyl carbitol acrylate Monoacrylates such as methoxytripropylene glycol acrylate; monomethacrylates such as t-butyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, cetyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, methoxyethylene glycol methacrylate, methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate; 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1, 6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,9-nonanediol diacrylate, neopentyl glycol diacrylate, Diacrylates such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol diacrylate
- Triacrylate Triacrylate; trimethacrylate such as trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate and trimethylolethane trimethacrylate; tetraacrylate such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate; divinyl aromatic compound such as divinylbenzene and di-i-propenylbenzene; Cyanurates such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate; diallyl compounds such as diallyl phthalate; triallyl compounds; oximes such as p-quinonedioxime and pp′-dibenzoylquinonedioxime; maleimides such as phenylmaleimide One kind or two or more kinds selected can be used.
- triacrylates such as diacrylate, dimethacrylate, divinyl aromatic compound, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tetramethylolmethane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate; trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate, trimethylolethanetri Trimethacrylates such as methacrylate; tetraacrylates such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and tetramethylolmethane tetraacrylate; cyanurates such as triallyl cyanurate and triallyl isocyanurate; diallyl compounds such as diallyl phthalate; triallyl compounds; p-quinonedioxime; selected from oximes such as pp'-dibenzoylquinonedioxime; maleimides such as phenylmaleimide It is preferable to use one kind or two or more kinds. Further, among these, triallyl isocyan
- the crosslinking aid may contain a copper element resulting from the raw material or the manufacturing process, and may increase the copper element in the sealing sheet.
- some triallyl isocyanurates contain a copper element exceeding 0.1 ppm, and when added to a sealing sheet, the copper element content may exceed 1.0 ppb.
- the triallyl isocyanurate is preferably one having an amount of copper element of 0.01 ppm or less. The amount of elemental copper in triallyl isocyanurate can be measured by ICP emission analysis.
- the sealing sheet in the present embodiment may appropriately contain various components other than the components detailed above in a range not impairing the object of the present invention.
- examples include various polyolefins other than the crosslinkable resin, styrene-based, ethylene-based block copolymers, and propylene-based polymers. These may be contained in an amount of 0.0001 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 0.001 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the crosslinkable resin.
- the above additives can be appropriately contained.
- the thickness of the sealing sheet in this embodiment 0.01 mm or more and 2 mm or less are preferable, More preferably, it is 0.05 mm or more and 1.5 mm or less, More preferably, it is 0.1 mm or more and 1.2 mm or less, More preferably, it is 0.00. 2 mm or more and 1 mm or less, particularly preferably 0.3 mm or more and 0.9 mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.3 mm or more and 0.8 mm or less.
- the thickness is within this range, damage to the light-receiving surface side protective member, solar cell element, thin film electrode, etc. in the laminating step can be suppressed, and a high amount of photovoltaic power can be obtained by ensuring sufficient light transmittance. be able to.
- the solar cell module can be laminated at a low temperature.
- the sealing sheet in the present embodiment may have layers such as a hard coat layer for protecting the front surface or the back surface, an adhesive layer, an antireflection layer, a gas barrier layer, and an antifouling layer. If classified by material, layer made of UV curable resin, layer made of thermosetting resin, layer made of polyolefin resin, layer made of carboxylic acid modified polyolefin resin, layer made of fluorine-containing resin, cyclic olefin (co) Examples thereof include a layer made of a polymer and a layer made of an inorganic compound.
- Method for producing sealing sheet Although the manufacturing method of the sealing sheet in this embodiment is not particularly limited, various known molding methods (cast molding, extrusion sheet molding, inflation molding, injection molding, compression molding, calendar molding, etc.) can be employed. is there. In particular, extrusion sheet molding and calendar molding are preferred.
- a crosslinkable resin and, if necessary, one or more additives selected from a silane coupling agent, a crosslinking agent, a crosslinking aid, an ultraviolet absorber, a light stabilizer, and a heat stabilizer prepare.
- content of a copper element is 1.0 ppb or less.
- the content of the copper element contained in one or more selected from the crosslinkable resin and the additive is reduced.
- the content of copper element contained in the crosslinking aid is reduced. More preferably, the content of copper element contained in triallyl isocyanurate is reduced.
- content of the copper element in the sealing sheet in this embodiment can be 1.0 ppb or less.
- a method of reducing the content of copper element contained in a crosslinking aid such as triallyl isocyanurate a method of removing with a ligand (EDTA etc.) that forms a chelate complex with copper, a method of removing with an ion exchange resin Etc.
- the content of the copper element in the crosslinkable resin can be measured, for example, by wet decomposition of the crosslinkable resin, then constant volume with pure water, and ICP emission analysis using an ICP emission analyzer.
- the content of copper element in each additive can be measured, for example, by ICP emission analysis using an ICP emission analyzer.
- Ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymers and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers which are crosslinkable resins, are often polymerized using a high-pressure radical method, a titanium catalyst / metallocene catalyst, and rarely contain copper element.
- a high-pressure radical method a titanium catalyst / metallocene catalyst
- copper element when the content of copper element is large, for example, purification such as deashing operation with acid or alkali, reprecipitation operation with poor solvent, etc., to reduce the content of copper element in the crosslinkable resin. Is preferred.
- various additives may contain the metal element resulting from the raw material and manufacturing process, and increase the quantity of the copper element in a sealing sheet.
- various additives are purified by, for example, a deashing operation with an acid or an alkali or a reprecipitation operation with a poor solvent to reduce the content of copper element in the various additives.
- the decalcification operation with an acid or alkali and the reprecipitation operation with a poor solvent can be generally performed according to a known method.
- a crosslinkable resin and, if necessary, one or more additives selected from silane coupling agents, crosslinking agents, crosslinking assistants, ultraviolet absorbers, light stabilizers, and heat stabilizers Dry blend.
- the obtained mixture is supplied from the hopper to the extruder and melt-kneaded at a temperature lower than the one-hour half-life temperature of the crosslinking agent as necessary.
- a sealing sheet is produced by extrusion from the tip of the extruder into a sheet.
- the molding can be performed by a known method using a T-die extruder, a calendar molding machine, an inflation molding machine or the like.
- seat which does not contain a crosslinking agent may be produced by the said method, and a crosslinking agent may be added to the produced sheet
- melt kneading may be performed at a temperature lower than the one-hour half-life temperature of the lowest crosslinking agent.
- the extrusion temperature range is preferably 100 ° C or higher and 130 ° C or lower.
- the productivity of the sealing sheet can be improved.
- the extrusion temperature is 130 ° C. or lower, gelation is unlikely to occur when the resin composition is formed into a sheet with an extruder to obtain a sealing sheet. Therefore, an increase in the torque of the extruder can be prevented and sheet forming can be facilitated.
- seat the fall of an external appearance can be prevented.
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment is used in order to seal a solar cell element in a solar cell module.
- seat) in this order is mentioned, it is not specifically limited.
- the sealing sheet in this embodiment is used for either one or both of the light receiving surface side sealing sheet and the back surface side sealing sheet.
- the solar cell module 10 includes a plurality of solar cell elements 13, a pair of light-receiving surface side sealing sheet 11 and back surface side sealing sheet 12 that are sealed with the solar cell element 13 interposed therebetween, and a front surface side transparent protective member 14 and a back surface.
- solar cell element 13 examples include silicon-based materials such as single crystal silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon, and III-V and II-VI compound semiconductors such as gallium-arsenic, copper-indium-selenium, and cadmium-tellurium.
- Various solar cell elements such as a system can be used.
- the plurality of solar cell elements 13 are electrically connected in series via an interconnector 16 having a conducting wire and a solder joint.
- Examples of the surface-side transparent protective member 14 include a glass plate; a resin plate formed of acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polyester, fluorine-containing resin, and the like.
- back surface side protection member (back sheet) 15 examples include single or multilayer sheets such as metals and various thermoplastic resin films. Examples thereof include metals such as tin, aluminum, and stainless steel; inorganic materials such as glass; various thermoplastic resin films formed of polyester, inorganic material-deposited polyester, fluorine-containing resin, polyolefin, and the like.
- the back surface side protection member 15 may be a single layer or a multilayer.
- the structure and material of the electrode used for a solar cell module are not specifically limited, In a specific example, it has a laminated structure of a transparent conductive film and a metal film.
- the transparent conductive film is made of SnO 2 , ITO, ZnO or the like.
- the metal film is made of a metal such as silver, gold, copper, tin, aluminum, cadmium, zinc, mercury, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, nickel, and vanadium. These metal films may be used alone or as a composite alloy.
- the transparent conductive film and the metal film are formed by a method such as CVD, sputtering, or vapor deposition.
- the metal contained in the electrode is silver, that is, when the electrode is a silver electrode, a phenomenon that silver migrates in the sealing sheet is particularly likely to occur. Therefore, when an electrode is a silver electrode, the effect of the sealing sheet in this embodiment can be acquired especially effectively.
- the manufacturing method of the solar cell module in this embodiment is not specifically limited, For example, the following method is mentioned.
- a plurality of solar cell elements 13 electrically connected using the interconnector 16 are sandwiched between a pair of light receiving surface side sealing sheets 11 and a back surface side sealing sheet 12, and further, these light receiving surface side sealing sheet sheets 11 and The back side sealing sheet 12 is sandwiched between the front side transparent protective member 14 and the back side protective member 15 to produce a laminate.
- the laminate is heated to receive the light-receiving surface side sealing sheet 11 and the back surface side sealing sheet 12, the light receiving surface side sealing sheet 11 and the front surface side transparent protective member 14, and the back surface side sealing sheet 12 and the back surface side protective member. 15 is bonded.
- a sealing sheet is prepared in advance, and is bonded at a temperature at which the sealing sheet melts.
- a temperature at which the sealing sheet melts For example, at a lamination temperature of 145 to 170 ° C. and a vacuum pressure of 10 Torr or less. Heat for 0.5-10 minutes under vacuum.
- pressurization by atmospheric pressure is performed for about 2 to 30 minutes, and a module having the configuration as described above can be formed.
- the encapsulating sheet has excellent cross-linking properties by containing a specific cross-linking agent, and it is not necessary to go through a two-step bonding process in forming the module, and it can be completed at a high temperature in a short time. And the productivity of the module can be greatly improved.
- the module is produced by heating at 120 to 170 ° C. for 1 to 120 minutes. It is also possible.
- the copper element content of triallyl isocyanurate was 0.01 ppm or less.
- the copper element content of other additives was also 0.01 ppm or less.
- Triallyl isocyanurate was purified before use, and the copper element content was reduced to 0.01 ppm or less.
- extrusion molding is performed from a coat hanger type T die under the condition of a die temperature of 110 ° C., and the roll temperature is 25 ° C. Molding was performed at 0.7 m / min. The maximum thickness tmax of the sheet was 450 ⁇ m. Content of the copper element in the obtained sealing sheet was 1.0 ppb or less.
- Ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer which is a crosslinkable resin ( ⁇ -olefin: 1-butene, density: 0.870 g / cm 3 , MFR: 20 g / 10 min, content ratio of structural units derived from ethylene: 86 mol% , Ratio of structural unit derived from ⁇ -olefin: 14 mol%, synthesized according to Synthesis Example 1 described in paragraph 0178 of WO2012 / 046456.)
- T-Butylperoxy-2 as a crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts by mass -0.7 parts by weight of ethylhexyl carbonate, 0.4 parts by weight of 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane as a silane coupling agent, and 0.2 parts by weight of 2-hydroxy-4-normal-octyloxybenzophenone as an ultraviolet absorber Bis (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate as
- Example 1 A sealing sheet was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that triallyl isocyanurate (copper element content 0.63 ppm, unrefined product) was used as a crosslinking aid. Content of the copper element in the obtained sealing sheet was 7.6 ppb.
- FIG. 2 shows an enlarged photograph of the electrode in which a decrease in resistance was observed. Aggregation called dendrites was observed between the electrodes, confirming that conduction was occurring.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
Abstract
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020177007673A KR20170044176A (ko) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-03 | 밀봉 시트, 태양 전지 모듈 및 밀봉 시트의 제조 방법 |
CN201580051824.4A CN106715571A (zh) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-03 | 密封片、太阳能电池模块以及密封片的制造方法 |
JP2016551674A JP6371403B2 (ja) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-03 | 封止シート、太陽電池モジュールおよび封止シートの製造方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2014200212 | 2014-09-30 | ||
JP2014-200212 | 2014-09-30 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016052070A1 true WO2016052070A1 (fr) | 2016-04-07 |
Family
ID=55630114
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2015/075091 WO2016052070A1 (fr) | 2014-09-30 | 2015-09-03 | Feuille d'étanchéité, module de cellule solaire et procédé de fabrication de feuille d'étanchéité |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JP6371403B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20170044176A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN106715571A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2016052070A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3739002A4 (fr) * | 2018-01-10 | 2022-01-19 | Hangzhou First Applied Material Co., Ltd. | Matériau d'encapsulation photovoltaïque à facteur de transmission de la lumière élevé |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111471405B (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2021-11-19 | 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 | 光伏组件封装胶膜及其制备方法 |
WO2024014812A1 (fr) * | 2022-07-11 | 2024-01-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Composition d'agent de réticulation pour copolymère à base d'oléfine, composition de matériau d'encapsulation pour dispositif photonique la comprenant, et film de matériau d'encapsulation pour dispositif photonique comprenant la composition d'agent de réticulation |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10139496A (ja) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-26 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
JP2003092379A (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置 |
WO2011059009A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | 三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社 | Module de pile solaire à silicium amorphe |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20100180940A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-22 | Weihong Cui | Photovoltaic Module With Stabilized Polymer |
EP2439783B1 (fr) * | 2009-06-05 | 2016-08-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Film d'étanchéité pour cellule solaire et cellule solaire l'utilisant |
JP5801993B2 (ja) * | 2009-09-08 | 2015-10-28 | 株式会社カネカ | イソシアヌレート誘導体の精製方法 |
JP5781282B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-05 | 2015-09-16 | 三井化学東セロ株式会社 | 太陽電池用封止膜、太陽電池モジュール及びその製造方法 |
KR20130067389A (ko) * | 2011-12-14 | 2013-06-24 | 도레이첨단소재 주식회사 | 발전효율이 향상된 태양전지용 봉지재 시트 및 그 제조방법 |
JP6000892B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-13 | 2016-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 封止用樹脂組成物、封止用フィルム、配線基板 |
-
2015
- 2015-09-03 JP JP2016551674A patent/JP6371403B2/ja active Active
- 2015-09-03 CN CN201580051824.4A patent/CN106715571A/zh not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-09-03 WO PCT/JP2015/075091 patent/WO2016052070A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2015-09-03 KR KR1020177007673A patent/KR20170044176A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10139496A (ja) * | 1996-10-31 | 1998-05-26 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
JP2003092379A (ja) * | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-28 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体装置 |
WO2011059009A1 (fr) * | 2009-11-13 | 2011-05-19 | 三井・デュポンポリケミカル株式会社 | Module de pile solaire à silicium amorphe |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3739002A4 (fr) * | 2018-01-10 | 2022-01-19 | Hangzhou First Applied Material Co., Ltd. | Matériau d'encapsulation photovoltaïque à facteur de transmission de la lumière élevé |
US11525043B2 (en) | 2018-01-10 | 2022-12-13 | Hangzhou First Applied Material Co., Ltd. | High light transmittance photovoltaic encapsulating material |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6371403B2 (ja) | 2018-08-08 |
CN106715571A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
JPWO2016052070A1 (ja) | 2017-06-01 |
KR20170044176A (ko) | 2017-04-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP5859633B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5016153B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
KR101738797B1 (ko) | 태양 전지 밀봉재 및 태양 전지 모듈 | |
JP5922232B2 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール | |
JP6267794B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材用樹脂組成物、太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5405699B1 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5964326B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5854473B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5801733B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5830600B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
JP2013229410A (ja) | 太陽電池封止材および太陽電池モジュール | |
US20230040092A1 (en) | Solar cell sealing material and solar cell module | |
JP6166377B2 (ja) | 太陽電池封止用シートセットおよび太陽電池モジュール | |
JP6371403B2 (ja) | 封止シート、太陽電池モジュールおよび封止シートの製造方法 | |
JPWO2016084681A1 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール | |
JP5940661B2 (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール | |
JP2012207144A (ja) | エチレン系樹脂組成物、太陽電池封止材およびそれを用いた太陽電池モジュール | |
JP2016136628A (ja) | 太陽電池モジュール及びその製造方法 | |
WO2016047524A1 (fr) | Corps d'emballage à feuille d'étanchéité et procédé pour stocker une feuille d'étanchéité |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 15845565 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016551674 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177007673 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 15845565 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |