WO2015097842A1 - 回転電機システム - Google Patents
回転電機システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015097842A1 WO2015097842A1 PCT/JP2013/085036 JP2013085036W WO2015097842A1 WO 2015097842 A1 WO2015097842 A1 WO 2015097842A1 JP 2013085036 W JP2013085036 W JP 2013085036W WO 2015097842 A1 WO2015097842 A1 WO 2015097842A1
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- Prior art keywords
- power
- rotating
- electrical machine
- rotating electrical
- converter
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 34
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
- F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
- F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
- H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
- H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
- H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
- H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine system.
- the kinetic energy of a fluid medium such as air or seawater is converted into rotational energy by a wing, and the rotational energy is transmitted to the generator via a rotating mechanism such as a shaft or a gearbox. Converts kinetic energy of fluid media to electrical energy. The generated electrical energy is converted into a power system frequency by a power converter, and output as power to the power system.
- Patent Document 2 Furthermore, there are a technique described in Patent Document 2 and a technique described in Patent Document 3 as a method for suppressing fluctuations in generated power caused by fluctuations in kinetic energy of a fluid medium that is input.
- JP 2005-45849 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-134892 JP 2011-137393 A
- the wing is installed in an upwind type wind turbine that operates by generating power by being positioned on the windward side of the support structure member such as a tower with respect to the wind direction.
- an upwind type wind turbine that operates by generating power by being positioned on the windward side of the support structure member such as a tower with respect to the wind direction.
- downwind wind turbines that perform power generation operation by being located on the leeward side of the support structure member such as a tower.
- the amount of energy that is converted from the kinetic energy of the fluid medium to the rotational energy of the blades depends on the velocity change of the flow velocity flowing into and out of the blade. Regardless of the upwind type or downwind type, the flow velocity around the support structure member such as a tower is disturbed by the influence of the support structure member, so the rotational energy converted when the wing passes around the support structure member is Decrease. This is generally called the tower shadow effect.
- the flow velocity disturbed by the support structure members such as towers upstream of the blades is used as the input of the blades, so the rotational energy is greatly reduced by the effect, and the normal wind speed is about 5%. It is known to decrease by about 20% below.
- This tower shadow effect fluctuates the input torque input to the rotating shaft, causing shaft torsion and vibration of the rotating mechanism and deteriorating the service life of components constituting the rotating mechanism. Moreover, since the electric energy output from the generator also fluctuates, the power output to the power system also fluctuates, which may reduce power quality.
- components that can be applied to one or a plurality of wind power generation systems and ocean current power generation systems suppress shaft torsion caused by a change in kinetic energy of a fluid medium such as wind or ocean current, and constitute a rotation mechanism Even when the kinetic energy that becomes the input of the power generation system fluctuates, the overcharge and overdischarge of the energy storage device in the direct current part of the power converter that controls the generator is suppressed, and the output
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rotating electrical machine system that can suppress fluctuations in electric power.
- a rotating electrical machine system is a rotating electrical machine system in which a rotating machine rotates through a rotating mechanism rotated by blades to generate electric power, and includes an energy storage device that stores the generated electric power. It is characterized in that the electric power leveled is output in a time width corresponding to the number of blades and the rotational speed thereof.
- Permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine system Command value calculation logic of permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine system A figure explaining the time change of the calculated command value Command value calculation logic when the power converter that controls the rotating machine is torque control Secondary excitation type rotating electrical machine system Command value calculation logic for secondary excitation type rotating electrical machine system Rotating electrical machine system with built-in power converter in the rotor Command value calculation logic of a rotating electrical machine system with a built-in power converter in the rotor Further, a rotating electrical machine system according to another embodiment Schematic of downwind type windmill
- FIG. 1 shows the overall configuration of the rotating electrical machine system according to the present embodiment.
- the rotational energy of the wing (14) is transmitted to the rotating machine (7) through the shaft (12) of the rotating mechanism.
- the rotational energy may be transmitted to the rotating machine (7) via a speed increaser, a plurality of rotating shafts and joints, and the effects of the present invention are exhibited even if they are installed.
- the rotor (10) of the rotating machine (7) has a permanent magnet embedded therein, and the stator winding (9) and the rotor (10) of the stator (8) of the rotating machine (7) rotate by rotating. AC power is generated according to the rotation speed.
- the forward converter (3) of the power converter (2) is electrically connected to the stator winding (9), and the generated AC power is converted into DC power by the forward converter (3).
- the forward converter (3) is connected to the inverse converter (4) through a DC power storage device such as a smoothing capacitor (5), and is converted into a commercial frequency such as 50 Hz and 60 Hz by the inverse converter (4). It is output to the electric power system (1).
- FIG. 1 illustrates the case where the rotor (10) of the rotating machine (1) is configured by a permanent magnet
- the rotor may be magnetized by supplying DC power to the winding, and is not limited thereto.
- Any rotating electrical machine system in which AC power depending on the rotational speed of the rotating mechanism generated in the machine is supplied to the power system (1) via the power converter (2) can be regarded as the same as the present embodiment. .
- the control device (6) for controlling the power converter (2) includes the rotating machine (7) and the AC / DC converter (3) so that a desired power is generated from the rotating machine (7) according to the rotation speed. Control the current and voltage between the power converters (2).
- the control device (6) that controls the power converter (2) controls the DC voltage of the smoothing capacitor (5) to be substantially constant by the inverse converter (4).
- the power input to the smoothing capacitor (5) by the action of the forward converter (3) is changed from the action of the inverse converter (4) controlling the DC voltage of the smoothing capacitor (5) to be substantially constant. Without being stored in the power system (1).
- the loss due to the operation of the rotating machine (7) and the power converter (2) is not included.
- the forward converter (3) and the reverse converter (4) of the power converter (2) in the rotating electrical machine system are both constituted by an AC / DC converter, and perform both AC and DC power conversion.
- One AC / DC converter (corresponding to the inverse converter (3) described above) controls the power of the AC unit according to the active power command or torque command, and the other AC / DC converter (described above)
- the forward converter (corresponding to the forward converter (4)) controls the power of the direct current section in accordance with the direct current section voltage command value, and any AC / DC converter controls the reactive power of the alternating current section as necessary.
- control method for these active power, reactive power, and direct current section voltage will not affect the manifestation of the effect of the present invention, so the description thereof will be omitted.
- active power command value or the torque command for the AC power fluctuation for the tower shadow effect Only the method for calculating the value and the method for calculating the DC part voltage command value for making the power output to the power system substantially constant will be described in detail.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a command value calculation block for obtaining the above-described effects of the present invention.
- the rotation speed ( ⁇ ) signal from the rotation speed detector (13) is input to the low-pass filter (15), and the fluctuation period component not caused by the tower shadow effect such as noise is removed. Thereby, the high frequency component by the play in machining of the component of a rotation mechanism can be removed.
- the low-pass filter (15) is not essential.
- the rotational speed ( ⁇ ) signal processed by the low-pass filter (15) is input to the input torque estimation device (16).
- the input torque estimating device (16) calculates the rotational speed change rate from the rotational speed ( ⁇ ) signal and the rotational speed ( ⁇ ) signal before one sampling. Also, the load torque of the rotating machine is calculated by dividing the measured value (P in ) of the rotating machine generated by the control device (19) of the power converter that controls the AC side by the rotation speed ( ⁇ ) signal. The input torque that is input to the rotating mechanism is estimated from the rate of change in the rotational speed, the load torque of the rotating machine, and the inertia constant of the parts that constitute the rotating mechanism that is set in advance. An active power command (P in * ) for the power converter that controls the AC side is calculated by multiplying the estimated input torque by the filtered rotational speed ( ⁇ ). Active power command (P in *) is input to the AC side converter control apparatus for controlling (19) and subsequent leveling generated power computation unit (17) and DC voltage calculation unit (18).
- the leveled generated power calculation device calculates the level of generated power output to the power system by statistically processing the input for the time width corresponding to the number of constituent blades (14) and their rotational speed. . For example, when the rotation speed is X [min -1 ] with three blades, the tower shadow effect occurs at a time interval of 1 / (3X) [min], so the input signal corresponding to this time width (P in ) Is averaged sequentially to calculate the leveled power generation command value (P out * ).
- the moving average time width is fixed to a time width corresponding to the lower limit of the operating speed range of the rotating electrical machine system in order to reduce the calculation load for sequentially changing the moving average time width. Also good.
- the power system can be obtained by sequentially moving and averaging a fixed number of input samplings equal to or more than the time width obtained by converting the time required for one blade to rotate at the lower limit of the operating speed range of the rotating machine per blade.
- the leveled generated power command value to be output is calculated.
- the calculated leveled generated power command value (P out * ) is input to the DC voltage calculation device (18).
- the level of the calculated generated power is determined to be a level that is completely leveled.
- the calculated value of the generated power may be made uniform even a little more than the active power command value (P in * ) of the source. If smoothing processing is performed, the effect of stabilizing the power output to the power system can be obtained.
- the description computed leveling power generation command value is (P out *) is active power command value (P in *) based on was computed, based on the active power command value (P in *) is controlled in place You may calculate using the measured value of the electric power actually converted by the converter (3).
- the DC voltage calculation device (18) calculates the difference ⁇ P between the control cycle generated power command value (P in * ) and the leveled generated power command value (P out * ) for each moving average time width, The DC voltage command value (V * ) is calculated using it. The calculated DC voltage command value (V * ) is input to the control device (20) of the power converter that controls the DC side.
- the power converter (3) for controlling the AC side and the power converter (4) for controlling the DC side are respectively connected to the AC side control device (19) and the DC side control provided in the power converter control device (6).
- the AC control side operates following the torque fluctuation input to the rotating mechanism, thereby suppressing the shaft torsional vibration due to the tower shadow effect, and suppressing the input to the power converter.
- the DC control side can operate to make the output to the power system substantially constant by charge / discharge control of the DC section.
- FIG. 3 shows the behavior of the calculation value in the above-described control device.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic view of a downwind type wind turbine that receives the wind 102 from the side opposite to the wing 14 of the nacelle 103.
- the wing 14 passes in the vicinity of the tower 101, the wind received by the wing is disturbed, and a tower shadow effect occurs in which the lift is reduced.
- the wind turbulence is not only in the back of the tower, but also around it.
- it is necessary to consider the influence of the rotation range with a width that is roughly symmetrical.
- the following configuration is conceivable as a controller of a wind power plant having a large number of windmills.
- Windmill group control (farm controller): Controls the total output of the windmill group. For the total output value, the output command value of the power to be output to each wind turbine is calculated from the sum of the predicted output values from the anemometer of each wind turbine and the output command value of the host system operator.
- Windmill controller In order to control the output of the windmill from the output command value from the host controller (farm controller) and the current wind speed and anemometer information, control the windmill nacelle direction and blade angle to control the windmill. Controls rotation and output.
- ⁇ Converter controller Operates the generator in accordance with the given power command.
- the effect of input fluctuations due to tower shadows becomes particularly noticeable by performing power output control that prioritizes the suppression of shaft torsion.
- the power supplied to the power system follows the amount of energy supplied from the wings after the energy storage device installed in the direct current section of the power converter becomes a buffer. If there is a large input fluctuation that cannot be absorbed by the buffer, the fluctuation may be output directly to the power system. In order to cope with this, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the energy storage device.
- a power command value output to the power system is calculated in advance at an optimal leveling period in accordance with a predictable input fluctuation that occurs periodically.
- Electric power generated by the rotating machine is output to the electric power system after leveling the electric power generated by the number of blades and the time width according to the rotation speed.
- the optimum leveling cycle is preferably a multiple of one third of the rotation cycle, which is the time for one blade rotation.
- Example 1 is the AC side power converter is described for the case of operating in accordance with power generation command (P in *), in order to follow directly to the input torque fluctuation of the rotating mechanism, the generated power control on the AC side power converter Instead, torque control may be performed, and the control device (19) of the AC side power converter may control the load torque of the rotating machine (7) with the torque command value (Tin *) as an input.
- the control logic of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 can be rearranged as shown in FIG.
- the measurement value input from the control device (19) of the AC power converter to the input torque estimation device (16) is the load torque (Tin) estimated from the electrical measurement value.
- the torque command value (Tin *) calculated so as to suppress the shaft twist by the input torque estimating device (16) is directly input to the control device (19) of the AC power converter.
- the difference between load torque and input torque can be measured directly by measuring the torsional displacement of the shaft with a shaft torsion sensor such as light or a strain gauge without estimating the load torque. You can also. In that case, a shaft twist sensor is installed instead of the rotation speed detector (13), and the torque measurement value is directly input to the input torque estimation device (16).
- the stator winding (9) shown in FIG. 5 is electrically connected to the power system (1), and a rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator depending on the frequency of the power system and the stator winding (9).
- the power converter (2) generates AC power corresponding to the difference (generally called slip (s)) between the physical rotational speed of the rotor (10) and the rotational speed of the rotating magnetic field of the stator (21). )
- slip ring (22) to the rotor winding (11) can be applied to a wound secondary excitation rotating electrical machine system that generates electric power.
- the input energy input to the rotor (10) according to the slip (s) is uniquely distributed to the stator (8) and the rotor (10), and energy is exchanged. Is also uniquely determined by the slip (s). Therefore, the power converter for controlling the AC side (3), the power provided stator windings in response to the slip (s) from (9) to the power system (1) P in * / ( 1-s ) To control the power provided from the power converter (3) to the rotor winding (10). Therefore, the command value calculation block for obtaining the effect of the present invention shown in FIG. 2 needs to be rearranged as shown in FIG. 6 in consideration of the slip (s).
- a slip calculator (23) is newly added, and the slip (s) is calculated from the rotation speed ( ⁇ ) signal measured by the rotation speed detector (13).
- the shaft output computing unit (25) of the rotating machine calculates the power generation output (P in ), and the input torque estimating device ( 16).
- P in * the power generation output
- P in * the input torque estimating device
- the DC voltage calculation unit (18) is power generation command value (P in *) and leveling power generation command The calculation is performed based on the difference between the values (P out * ), but the specific calculation contents are slightly different from those in the first embodiment.
- the power supplied to the power system (1) is the sum of the power from the stator winding (9) and the power from the power converter (4) controlling the DC side. It will be a thing.
- Power provided from the previously described stator winding (9) to the power system (1) is a P in * / (1-s ), the total power output to the power system (1) is leveling power generation command Since it is necessary to make the value (P out * ), the DC voltage command value (V * ) is calculated based on the difference between them.
- the rotors of the two wound secondary excitation generators shown in FIG. 7 are connected so as to rotate coaxially, and the power converter (2) is mounted on the rotor, whereby the winding shown in FIG.
- the present invention can also be applied to a rotating electrical machine system that does not require the brush (21) and the slip ring (22) in the linear secondary excitation generator system.
- the point that the energy input / output to / from the rotating machine is uniquely determined according to the slip is the same as that of the winding type secondary excitation rotating electrical machine system, but the rotating machine (7) and the auxiliary rotating machine (26) are each wound.
- the number of poles of the rotating machine (7) may be different, and the sliding (s) of the rotating machine (7) and the sliding (s') of the auxiliary rotating machine (26) must be considered.
- the slip calculator (23) calculates a slip (s) and a slip (s') according to the number of winding poles of each rotating machine, and an axis output calculator (25) and a stator output calculator. Enter in (24). Since the power generation output of the auxiliary rotating machine is also necessary for input torque estimation, the power generation output (P in ') is input to the shaft output calculator (25) from the control device (20) of the power converter that controls the DC side. In addition, since the command value to the control device (19) of the AC side power converter needs to be coordinated with the command value to the auxiliary rotating machine, the leveled generated power command value (P out * ) is It inputs also to a stator output calculating unit (24).
- the DC voltage command value (V * ) calculated based on the difference between the generated power command value (P in * ) and the leveled generated power command value (P out * ) is used to control the DC side. It inputs into the control apparatus (20) of a converter.
- FIG. 9 shows an overall configuration of a rotating electrical machine system showing another embodiment according to the present invention.
- This is a configuration in which a rotational speed detector (31) is newly provided on the blade side with respect to the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine system of FIG.
- the shaft rotational phase of the rotational mechanism at the position where the rotational speed detector is provided is known. Can do.
- the input torque estimation device (16) the input torque is determined from the difference in shaft rotation phase and the torsion spring constant of the shaft. The estimation system can be improved. Further, since the strength of direct shaft torsion can be determined, it is possible to calculate the generated power command value (P in * ) for controlling the torsion strength at a constant level or keeping it within a constant fluctuation range.
- the tower shadow effect is almost the same for any wing. It can be regarded as the same as the input torque fluctuation when crossing. As a result, it is expected that the calculation processing is divided and the speed of the control is increased by using the past calculation values at the rotational symmetry point of the blade rotation phase.
- Embodiments 1 to 4 described above relate to a rotating electrical machine system in which the input torque to the generator depends on the natural environment such as wind power or ocean current, and the load output from the rotating electrical machine to the rotating mechanism as a reaction force of the generated power.
- This is a description of device configurations such as a control device necessary for variable torque control and constant output control of generated power output to the power system, and a detection device necessary for control.
- the generator is controlled so that the electric output of the generator is increased by the power converter connected to the generator. There is a way to do it. As a result, the load torque that is the reaction force of the input torque of the generator also increases, and as a result, the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism can be reduced.
- the generator is controlled so that the electric output of the generator is decreased by the power converter connected to the generator. As a result, the load torque that is the reaction force of the input torque of the generator is also reduced, and as a result, the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism can be increased.
- the rotational speed of the rotating mechanism is kept constant, thereby suppressing the shaft torsional resonance.
- the rotational speed is always kept constant according to the increase / decrease in the rotational speed, so that when the input torque from the blade to the rotational mechanism increases and the rotational speed of the rotational mechanism increases.
- the load torque in the direction opposite to the input torque is increased so that the rotation speed is reduced, and the input torque from the blade to the rotation mechanism is decreased and the rotation speed of the rotation mechanism is decreased, the rotation speed is reduced.
- the load torque fluctuation in the direction opposite to the input torque fluctuation due to the tower shadow effect is always applied to the rotating mechanism. This corresponds to repeatedly applying a shaft torsion load to the shaft. For this reason, the problem which accelerates
- a fluctuation countermeasure method 2 other than the embodiment for example, by controlling charging / discharging of the power storage device provided in the DC unit of the power converter according to the increase / decrease in the generator output, the increase / decrease in the generator output is controlled.
- a method 3 for dealing with fluctuations other than the embodiment for example, several specific windmills are selected from the windmills according to the driving situation of a plurality of windmills, and the blade angle (pitch angle) of the selected windmills is selected. There is a method of controlling the blade rotation speed and leveling the total output of a plurality of wind turbines by controlling.
- a plurality of wind turbines are indispensable for leveling the generated power output to the power system by the above-described fluctuation coping control method 3, and a control device that controls the plurality of wind turbines and those Therefore, the cost of the power generation system is increased.
- the configuration described in the embodiment that solves the above-described problem can be applied to a single wind power generation system or ocean current power generation system. Even if the kinetic energy that is the input of the power generation system fluctuates, the shaft torsion caused by changes in the kinetic energy of the medium and the tower shadow effect is suppressed, the life of the components that make up the rotation mechanism is extended, and It is possible to provide a rotating electrical machine system capable of leveling output power without causing overcharge and overdischarge of an energy storage device in a direct current section of a power converter that controls the machine.
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Abstract
Description
2 電力変換器
3、4 (個別の)電力変換器
5 直流部平滑コンデンサ
6 電力変換器制御装置
7 回転機
8 固定子
9 固定子巻線
10 回転子
11 回転子巻線
12 回転軸もしくはシャフト
13 回転速度検出器
14 翼(3枚翼)
15 ローパスフィルタ
16 入力トルク推定装置
17 平準化発電電力演算装置
18 直流電圧演算装置
19 交流側制御装置
20 直流側制御装置
21 ブラシ
22 スリップリング
23 すべり演算器
24 固定子出力演算器
25 回転機の軸出力演算器
26 補助回転機
27 補助回転機の固定子
28 補助回転機の固定子巻線
29 補助回転機の回転子
30 補助回転機の回転子巻線
31 翼側回転速度検出器
ω 回転速度
Pin 回転機の発電電力 計測値
Pin * 発電電力指令値
Pout * 平準化発電電力指令値
V 直流電圧計測値
V* 直流電圧指令値
Tin 回転機のトルク計測値もしくは制御装置内演算値
Tin * トルク指令値
s 回転機のすべり
s’ 補助回転機のすべり
Claims (11)
- 翼によって回転される回転機構を介して回転機が回転し発電する回転電機システムであって、
前記発電された電力を貯蔵するエネルギー貯蔵装置を有し、
前記発電された電力を前記翼の枚数と回転速度に応じた時間幅で平準化処理した電力を出力することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1に記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記回転機が発電する電力を交流から直流に変換し前記エネルギー貯蔵装置に貯蔵する第一の変換器と、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置に貯蔵された電力を直流から交流に変換し電力系統に出力する第二の変換器と、
前記回転機に備えられた回転速度検出器と、
前記回転速度検出器の検出した回転速度の変化率に基づき、前記第一の変換器の出力指令値を決定する制御装置を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1に記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記回転機が発電する電力を交流から直流に変換し前記エネルギー貯蔵装置に貯蔵する第一の変換器と、
前記エネルギー貯蔵装置に貯蔵された電力を直流から交流に変換し電力系統に出力する第二の変換器と、
前記第一の変換器への出力指令値を、前記翼の枚数とその回転速度に基づき決定した時間幅で平準化処理した値に基づき、前記第二の変換器への指令値を算出する制御装置を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項2に記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記翼により前記回転機構に加えられる入力トルクの変動に追従するように前記第一の変換器が変換する電力を制御する制御装置を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 翼によって回転される回転機構を介して回転機が回転する回転電機システムであって、
前記翼、若しくは前記回転機構、若しくは前記回転機のいずれか一つ以上の回転軸に回転速度検出器を備え、
前記回転速度検出器で検出した回転速度検出値の差分から、若しくは前記回転速度検出値を用いて算出される回転速度変化率から回転機構の入力トルクを推定する入力トルク推定装置を備え、
前記推定された入力トルクに基づき、もしくは前記推定された入力トルクに前記回転速度を乗じることで推定される発電出力に基づき、前記回転機から出力される発電出力を制御する電力変換器の交流側制御装置を備え、
前記推定された発電出力を入力として、前記翼の枚数と前記回転速度に応じた時間幅分の入力を平準化処理することで電力系統に出力する発電電力を演算する平準化発電電力演算装置を備え、
前記演算された平準化発電電力と前記推定された発電機出力から、前記電力変換器の直流部に設置されたエネルギー貯蔵装置の充電電圧指令値を演算する直流電圧演算装置を備え、
前記演算された充電電圧指令値に基づき前記電力変換器のエネルギー貯蔵装置の充電電圧を制御する前記電力変換器の直流側制御装置を備えることを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項5に記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記回転機の回転軸に第一の回転速度検出器を備え、
前記翼の回転軸に、若しくは前記回転機構の増速機の回転軸に第二の回転速度検出器を備え、
それぞれの前記回転速度検出器で検出された回転速度信号を積分処理し、前記回転速度検出器が具備された位置の回転角位相を算出し、算出した回転角位相から軸捩れ若しくは軸捩れを補正するトルク指令値を算出することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記翼の枚数と回転速度に応じた時間幅に、前記回転機が発電した電力を逐次移動平均し、電力系統に出力する発電電力指令値を演算する制御装置を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記時間幅は、前記回転機の運転速度範囲の下限値の回転速度において、翼が1回転するのに要する時間を翼1枚あたりに換算した時間以上の固定時間幅であることを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の回転電機システムであって、
前記翼の上流に前記翼の支持構造物を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の回転電機システムであって、
先行する翼に対する指令値演算値を、それ以降の翼に用いて制御する制御装置を有することを特徴とする回転電機システム。
- 3枚の翼と、
前記翼により駆動され発電する回転機と、
前記回転機が発電した電力を変換し系統に供給する、平滑コンデンサを備えた電力変換器と、
を有する風力発電設備の運転方法であって、
前記翼の回転周期の3分の1の時間の倍数の時間単位で、
電力系統に出力する電力を平滑化処理することを特徴とする
風力発電設備の運転方法。
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EP3089353A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
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