WO2015083544A1 - イオン交換膜、ポリマー素子、電子機器、カメラモジュールおよび撮像装置 - Google Patents
イオン交換膜、ポリマー素子、電子機器、カメラモジュールおよび撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015083544A1 WO2015083544A1 PCT/JP2014/080599 JP2014080599W WO2015083544A1 WO 2015083544 A1 WO2015083544 A1 WO 2015083544A1 JP 2014080599 W JP2014080599 W JP 2014080599W WO 2015083544 A1 WO2015083544 A1 WO 2015083544A1
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- exchange resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
- C08J5/2206—Films, membranes or diaphragms based on organic and/or inorganic macromolecular compounds
- C08J5/2275—Heterogeneous membranes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B7/00—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements
- G02B7/02—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses
- G02B7/04—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification
- G02B7/10—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification by relative axial movement of several lenses, e.g. of varifocal objective lens
- G02B7/102—Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements for lenses with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification by relative axial movement of several lenses, e.g. of varifocal objective lens controlled by a microcomputer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/54—Mounting of pick-up tubes, electronic image sensors, deviation or focusing coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/50—Constructional details
- H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
- H04N23/57—Mechanical or electrical details of cameras or camera modules specially adapted for being embedded in other devices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2327/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2327/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08J2327/12—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C08J2327/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2425/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an aromatic carbocyclic ring; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2425/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons
- C08J2425/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of styrene
- C08J2425/06—Polystyrene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2441/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a bond to sulfur or by a heterocyclic ring containing sulfur; Derivatives of such polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2465/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbon-to-carbon link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2465/02—Polyphenylenes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2479/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08J2461/00 - C08J2477/00
- C08J2479/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08J2479/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2481/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Polysulfones; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2481/06—Polysulfones; Polyethersulfones
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B2205/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
- G03B2205/0053—Driving means for the movement of one or more optical element
- G03B2205/0084—Driving means for the movement of one or more optical element using other types of actuators
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B3/00—Focusing arrangements of general interest for cameras, projectors or printers
- G03B3/10—Power-operated focusing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B5/00—Adjustment of optical system relative to image or object surface other than for focusing
Definitions
- the present technology relates to an ion exchange membrane suitable for a polymer element such as a polymer actuator element or a polymer sensor element, and a polymer element, an electronic device, a camera module, and an imaging device using the ion exchange membrane.
- the lens in the camera module is generally moved by using a voice coil motor or a stepping motor as a drive unit.
- a predetermined actuator element as a drive unit.
- An example of such an actuator element is a polymer actuator element (see Patent Document 1).
- the polymer actuator element for example, an ion conductive polymer layer (hereinafter simply referred to as a polymer layer) is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- a polymer actuator element by applying an electric field between a pair of electrodes, ions in the polymer layer move and displacement occurs.
- the operation characteristics of the polymer actuator element such as the displacement amount and the generated force greatly depend on the ion conduction environment.
- the polymer element is also used in a polymer sensor element, an electric double layer capacitor, and the like.
- an ion exchange resin material is used for at least one of the electrode of the polymer element and the polymer layer.
- the ion exchange resin material is used for at least one of the electrode of the polymer element and the polymer layer.
- an ion exchange membrane capable of increasing the functional group density while maintaining strength. It is also desirable to provide a polymer element, an electronic device, a camera module, and an imaging device that can improve the operating characteristics while maintaining reliability by using the ion exchange membrane.
- the ion exchange membrane according to an embodiment (A) of the present technology includes a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- An ion exchange membrane according to an embodiment (B) of the present technology includes an anion exchange resin material and a polymer material having a basic functional group and mixed in the anion exchange resin material. is there.
- a polymer element according to an embodiment of the present technology includes a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers, and at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer is a cation exchange resin material. And a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- An electronic device includes a polymer element having a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers, and at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer is a cation It includes an exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- a camera module includes a lens and a polymer device, and includes a driving device that drives the lens.
- the polymer device includes a pair of electrode layers and a pair of electrode layers. And at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer includes a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material. .
- An imaging apparatus includes a lens, an imaging element that acquires an imaging signal formed by the lens, and a driving device that is configured using a polymer element and drives the lens or the imaging element.
- the polymer element includes a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers, and at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer includes a cation exchange resin material and an acidic functional group. And a polymer material mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- a polymer material having an acidic functional group is mixed in the cation exchange resin material, and the ion of the first embodiment of the present technology (B)
- polymer materials having basic functional groups are mixed in the anion exchange resin material, so that the cation exchange resin material itself, the acidic functional groups and basic functions possessed by the anion exchange resin material itself are included.
- acidic functional groups and basic functional groups derived from the polymer material are present in the ion exchange membrane.
- the ion exchange membrane according to the embodiment (A) of the present technology is used. There will be acidic functional groups derived from the polymeric material.
- the acidic functional group and the basic functional group derived from the polymer material are allowed to exist.
- the number of acidic functional groups and basic functional groups in the membrane can be increased without increasing the functional group density of the exchange resin itself and the anion exchange resin itself. Therefore, it is possible to increase the functional group density while maintaining the strength.
- the ion exchange membrane according to the embodiment (A) of the present technology is used, so that the reliability is maintained. It is possible to improve the operating characteristics. Note that the effects described here are not necessarily limited, and may be any effects described in the present disclosure.
- FIG. 10 It is sectional drawing showing the structure of the polymer element which concerns on one embodiment of this technique. It is sectional drawing showing the polymer element shown in FIG. 1 at the time of no voltage application. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing operation
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer element according to Modification 1.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a configuration of a polymer element according to Modification Example 2.
- FIG. It is a perspective view showing the structure of the electronic device to which the polymer element shown in FIG. 1 etc. is applied. It is the perspective view which represented the electronic device shown in FIG. 8 from the different direction.
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view showing the principal part structure of the imaging device shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the camera module illustrated in FIG. 9. It is a side surface schematic diagram showing the state before operation
- FIG. 14A It is a side surface schematic diagram showing the state before operation of the imaging device shown in FIG. It is a cross-sectional schematic diagram showing the state after operation
- Embodiment Polymer element: an example in which the electrode layer is composed of an ion exchange membrane mixed with a polymer material) 2.
- Modification 1 (example in which the polymer layer is formed of an ion exchange membrane in which polymer materials are mixed) 3.
- Modification 2 (example in which both the electrode layer and the polymer layer are constituted by ion exchange membranes in which polymer materials are mixed) 4).
- Embodiment 5 FIG.
- Application example Application example 1 Application example to an imaging apparatus including a driving device for driving a lens
- Application example 2 Application example to an image pickup apparatus provided with a drive device for driving an image pickup element
- FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional configuration example (ZX cross-sectional configuration example) of a polymer element (polymer element 1) according to an embodiment of the present technology.
- the polymer element 1 has a polymer layer 11 between a pair of electrode layers 12A and 12B, and is applied to, for example, a polymer actuator element or a polymer sensor element.
- the periphery of the polymer element 1 may be covered with an insulating protective film.
- the insulating protective film can be made of, for example, a highly elastic material (for example, polyurethane).
- the polymer layer 11 is made of, for example, an ion conductive polymer compound film impregnated with an ionic substance.
- ionic substance refers to all ions capable of conducting in the polymer layer 11. Specifically, hydrogen ions or metal ions alone, those containing cations and / or anions and polar solvents, or those containing cations and / or anions that are themselves liquid, such as imidazolium salts Means. Examples of the former include a cation and / or anion obtained by solvating a polar solvent, and examples of the latter include an ionic liquid.
- the ionic substance may be an organic substance or an inorganic substance, and the kind thereof is not limited.
- the ionic material may contain a cation or an anion, but here, a case where the ionic material contains a cation will be described.
- examples of the ionic substance containing a cation include various forms such as a simple metal ion, a metal ion and water, an organic cation and water, and an ionic liquid.
- examples of the metal ion include light metal ions such as sodium ion (Na + ), potassium ion (K +), lithium ion (Li + ), and magnesium ion (Mg 2+ ).
- the organic cation include alkyl ammonium ions. Ions contained in the ionic substance exist as hydrates in the polymer layer 11. For this reason, in the polymer element 1, it is preferable that the entire polymer element 1 is sealed in order to prevent evaporation of moisture.
- the ionic liquid contains cations and anions.
- This ionic liquid is a so-called room temperature molten salt, and has flame retardancy and low volatility.
- examples of the ionic liquid include imidazolium ring compounds, pyridinium ring compounds, and aliphatic compounds. It is preferable to use an ionic liquid as the ionic substance.
- a cation exchange resin film having a skeleton made of a fluororesin or a hydrocarbon system can be used as the ion conductive polymer compound film.
- the cation exchange resin membrane include those into which an acidic functional group such as a sulfone (sulfo) group or a carboxyl group has been introduced. Specific examples include polyethylene having an acidic functional group, polystyrene having an acidic functional group, or a fluororesin film having an acidic functional group.
- the fluororesin membrane which has a sulfone group or a carboxyl group is preferable, for example, Nafion (made by DuPont) shown to Chemical formula 1 is mentioned.
- m is an integer of 5 to 7, for example
- Electrode layers 12A, 12B Each of the electrode layers 12A and 12B is made of an ion exchange membrane containing one or more kinds of conductive materials.
- the ion conductive polymer compound film constituting the polymer layer 11 is a cation exchange resin film
- the ion exchange films included in the electrode layers 12A and 12B are cation exchange films.
- the cation exchange membrane includes a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group, which are mixed with each other. Two or more kinds of cation exchange resins having greatly different functional group densities may be mixed to form a cation exchange membrane. Although details will be described later, this makes it possible to increase the functional group density in the ion exchange membrane while maintaining the strength of the ion exchange membrane.
- the molecular weight of the polymer material is, for example, 10,000 or more.
- the cation exchange resin material for example, the same material as the cation exchange resin membrane constituting the polymer layer 11 can be used.
- those having an acidic functional group such as a sulfone group or a carboxyl group introduced using a fluororesin or hydrocarbon as a skeleton can be used.
- Specific examples include polyethylene having an acidic functional group, polystyrene having an acidic functional group, or a fluororesin film having an acidic functional group.
- Nafion manufactured by DuPont
- Nafion is also used for the cation exchange resin material of the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the cation exchange resin material contained in the electrode layers 12A and 12B is, for example, about 0.9 meq / g to 1.5 meq / g, preferably 0.9 meq / g to It is about 1.0 meq / g.
- the ion exchange capacity refers to the total number of ion exchange groups involved in ion exchange per unit amount of wet resin.
- Examples of the polymer material mixed in the cation exchange resin material include PSS (PolystyrenelySulfonate) of Chemical Formula 2. This PSS has a sulfone group as an acidic functional group.
- a polystyrene sulfonic acid derivative may be used, for example, fluorinated polystyrene sulfonic acid may be used.
- polysulfone group a polyvinyl sulfonic acid of Chemical formula 3, a polyether sulfonic acid of Chemical formula 4, a polyether sulfonic acid derivative of Chemical formula 5 or the like may be used.
- n is an integer of 1 to 6, for example, preferably 1.
- n ′ is an integer of 1 to 6, for example, preferably 1.
- polymer material having a sulfonic group for example, a polyimide-based polymer sulfonic acid and a polymer sulfonic acid having a poly (p-phenylene) structure may be used.
- the acidic functional group may be, for example, a carboxyl group, and an example of a polymer material having a carboxyl group is polyacrylic acid of Chemical formula 6.
- the acidic functional group of the cation exchange resin material is a sulfone group
- the acidic functional group of the polymer material is also a sulfone group
- the acidic functional group of the cation exchange resin material is a carboxyl group
- the acidic functional group of the polymer material is also preferably a carboxyl group.
- the density of acidic functional groups in such a polymer material is preferably higher than the density of acidic functional groups in the cation exchange resin material. That is, the IEC of the polymer material is preferably larger than the IEC of the cation exchange resin material.
- the IEC (number of acidic functional groups per unit amount of the polymer material) of the polymer material is, for example, 2 meq / g or more.
- the equivalent mass EW (EW: equivalent weight) of PSS is, for example, about 184 g / eq, and its IEC is about 5.43 meq / g.
- the EW of the fluorinated polystyrene sulfonic acid is, for example, about 238 g / eq, and the IEC thereof is about 4.20 meq / g.
- the EW of the polyimide-based polymer sulfonic acid is, for example, about 288 g / eq, and its IEC is about 3.47 meq / g.
- the EW of the polyether-based polymer sulfonic acid is, for example, about 277 g / eq, and the IEC thereof is about 3.61 meq / g.
- the EW of the polymer sulfonic acid having a poly (p-phenylene) structure is, for example, about 260 g / eq, and the IEC thereof is about 3.85 meq / g.
- the weight ratio of the polymer material is, for example, 5% to 25%. . If the polymer material is less than 5%, it is difficult to sufficiently increase the number of acidic functional groups. If the polymer material is more than 25%, the properties of the cation exchange membrane may be affected.
- the ion exchange membrane containing the cation exchange resin material and the polymer material having an acidic functional group preferably has elasticity, and its Young's modulus is, for example, 0.3 GPa or more.
- conductive material powder for the conductive material included in the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- conductive material powder By binding the conductive material powders with an ion exchange resin material and a polymer material, the flexibility of the electrode layers 12A and 12B can be improved.
- conductive material powder include carbon powder such as ketjen black. Since carbon powder has high conductivity and a large specific surface area, a larger amount of deformation can be obtained.
- a metal powder may be used as the conductive material powder.
- the electrode layers 12A and 12B may have a multilayer structure.
- the electrode layers 12A and 12B have a structure in which an ion exchange membrane containing a conductive material and a metal layer are laminated in order from the polymer layer 11 side. It is preferable. This is because the potential approaches a more uniform value in the in-plane direction of the electrode layers 12A and 12B, and better deformation performance can be obtained.
- the material constituting the metal layer include noble metals such as gold and platinum.
- the thickness of a metal layer is arbitrary, it is preferable that it is a continuous film so that an electric potential may become uniform in electrode layer 12A, 12B.
- the method for forming the metal layer include plating, vapor deposition, and sputtering.
- a metal layer may be formed on the substrate in advance, and this may be transferred from the substrate to the ion exchange membrane to form the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the polymer element 1 of the present embodiment can be manufactured, for example, as follows.
- paints are prepared by mixing the constituent materials of the electrode layers 12A and 12B. Specifically, a conductive material powder, a cation exchange resin material, and a polymer material having an acidic functional group are dispersed in a dispersion medium. Next, this paint is applied to both surfaces of the polymer layer 11 and dried. Thereby, the polymer element 1 is completed. After the constituent materials of the electrode layers 12A and 12B are mixed, they may be formed into a film shape, or the polymer element 1 may be formed by pressure-bonding them to both surfaces of the polymer layer 11.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B schematically show the operation of the polymer element 1 (operation as a polymer actuator element) using a cross-sectional view (ZX cross-sectional view).
- ZX cross-sectional view a cross-sectional view
- the operation of the polymer element 1 will be described, classified according to the type of ionic substance impregnated in the polymer layer 11.
- the polymer element 1 in the state in which no voltage is applied is flat without being curved because the cationic substance is dispersed almost uniformly in the polymer layer 11 (FIG. 2A).
- the voltage function unit 9 in this case, the voltage supply unit shown in FIG. 2B is in a voltage application state (application of the driving voltage Vd is started)
- the polymer element 1 behaves as follows. Show. For example, when a predetermined driving voltage Vd is applied between the electrode layers 12A and 12B so that the electrode layer 12A has a negative potential and the electrode layer 12B has a positive potential (see arrow “+ V” in FIG. 2B). The cation moves to the electrode layer 12A side in a state solvated with the polar solvent.
- the electrode layer 12A side swells and the electrode layer 12B side contracts.
- the polymer element 1 as a whole is curved toward the electrode layer 12B as indicated by the arrow “+ Z” in FIG. 2B.
- the ionic liquid is almost uniformly dispersed in the polymer layer 11 when no voltage is applied, so that the polymer element 1 has the planar shape shown in FIG. 2A.
- the polymer element 1 when a voltage application state is set by the voltage function unit 9 (application of the driving voltage Vd is started), the polymer element 1 exhibits the following behavior. For example, when a predetermined driving voltage Vd is applied between the electrode layers 12A and 12B so that the electrode layer 12A has a negative potential and the electrode layer 12B has a positive potential (see arrow “+ V” in FIG. 2B). The cation in the ionic liquid moves to the electrode layer 12A side.
- the polymer element 1 when the polymer element 1 itself does not perform, for example, a linear motion or a rotational motion, and no acceleration or angular acceleration occurs, no force due to these is applied to the polymer device 1. Therefore, the polymer element 1 has a planar shape without being deformed (curved) (FIG. 2A). Therefore, since the cationic substance is dispersed almost uniformly in the polymer layer 11, no potential difference is generated between the electrode layers 12A and 12B, and the voltage detected in the polymer element 1 is 0 (zero) V. .
- the polymer element 1 when the polymer element 1 is deformed in the positive direction on the Z-axis (electrode layer 12B side), in the polymer layer 11, the electrode layer 12B side contracts and the electrode layer 12A side It will swell. Then, since the cation moves to the electrode layer 12A side in a state solvated with the polar solvent, the cation becomes dense on the electrode layer 12A side, but becomes sparse on the electrode layer 12B side. Therefore, in this case, the polymer element 1 generates a voltage V having a higher potential on the electrode layer 12A side than on the electrode layer 12B side. That is, in this case, as indicated by the arrow “ ⁇ V” in the parentheses in FIG. 2B, the voltage function unit 9 (in this case, the voltmeter) connected to the electrode layers 12A and 12B has a negative polarity. A voltage ( ⁇ V) is detected.
- the polymer element 1 When the polymer element 1 is deformed in the negative direction on the Z axis (on the electrode layer 12A side), on the contrary, in the polymer layer 11, the electrode layer 12A side contracts and the electrode layer 12B side swells. Then, since the cation moves to the electrode layer 12B side in a state solvated with the polar solvent, the cation is in a dense state on the electrode layer 12B side, and is in a sparse state on the electrode layer 12A side. Therefore, in this case, the polymer element 1 generates a voltage V having a higher potential on the electrode layer 12B side than on the electrode layer 12A side. That is, in this case, a positive voltage (+ V) is detected in the voltage function unit 9 (voltmeter) connected to the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the polymer element 1 itself does not perform, for example, a linear motion or a rotational motion, and no acceleration or angular acceleration occurs, the polymer element 1 becomes flat without being deformed (curved). (FIG. 2A). Therefore, since the ionic liquid is dispersed almost uniformly in the polymer layer 11, no potential difference is generated between the electrode layers 12A and 12B, and the voltage detected in the polymer element 1 is 0 (zero) V.
- the electrode layer 12B side contracts and the electrode layer 12A side It will swell.
- the polymer layer 11 is a cation exchange membrane
- the anion cannot be moved by being blocked by the functional group of the polymer layer 11. Therefore, in this case, the polymer element 1 generates a voltage V having a higher potential on the electrode layer 12A side than on the electrode layer 12B side.
- the voltage function unit 9 in this case, the voltmeter connected to the electrode layers 12A and 12B has a negative polarity. A voltage ( ⁇ V) is detected.
- the polymer element 1 When the polymer element 1 is deformed in the negative direction on the Z axis (on the electrode layer 12A side), on the contrary, in the polymer layer 11, the electrode layer 12A side contracts and the electrode layer 12B side swells. Then, for the same reason as described above, the cation in the ionic liquid moves to the electrode layer 12B side. Therefore, in this case, the polymer element 1 generates a voltage V having a higher potential on the electrode layer 12B side than on the electrode layer 12A side. That is, in this case, a positive voltage (+ V) is detected in the voltage function unit 9 (voltmeter) connected to the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the polymer element 1 of the present embodiment also functions as an electric double layer capacitor.
- the ionic substance impregnated in the polymer layer 11 moves and aligns with the surfaces of the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- an electric double layer is formed, and electric charges are stored in that portion, so that it functions as an electric double layer capacitor.
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the structure of the cation exchange resin material 100.
- the sulfone group 100S there are acidic functional groups that release protons, such as the sulfone group 100S.
- the conductivity of the cation 13 in the cation exchange resin material 100 depends on the density of the sulfone groups 100S in the cation exchange resin material 100. As the density of the sulfone group 100S in the cation exchange resin material 100 is higher, that is, as the ion exchange capacity of the cation exchange resin material 100 is larger, the conductivity of the cation 13 is improved.
- FIG. 4 shows the structure of a polymer material (polymer material 14) having a sulfone group (sulfone group 14S) as an acidic functional group.
- FIG. 5 shows the polymer material 14 mixed with the cation exchange resin material 100. Each of the states is schematically represented. In this mixture, the molecules of the polymer material 14 enter between the molecules of the cation exchange resin material 100, and the number of acidic functional groups (sulfone groups) per unit volume compared to the case of the cation exchange resin material 100 alone. Will increase.
- the number of sulfone groups (sulfone groups 14S, 100S) present in the electrode layers 12A, 12B can be increased without increasing the density of the sulfone groups 100S of the cation exchange resin material 100 itself. Therefore, the density of the sulfone groups in the electrode layers 12A and 12B can be increased while maintaining the strength of the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the cation (cation 13) is easily controlled, and the conductivity of the cation is improved.
- the acidic functional group (sulfone group 14S in FIG. 4) derived from the polymer material (polymer material 14 in FIG. 4) is present in the electrode layers 12A and 12B,
- the ion conductivity of the electrode layers 12A and 12B can be improved without reducing the strength of the electrode layers 12A and 12B. Therefore, it is possible to improve the characteristics of the polymer element 1 while maintaining the reliability.
- FIG. 6 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of a polymer element (polymer element 2) according to Modification 1.
- the polymer layer (polymer layer 21) between the electrode layers (electrode layers 22A and 22B) is composed of a cation exchange membrane containing a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group.
- the polymer element 2 has the same configuration as the polymer element 1 of the above-described embodiment, and the operation and effect thereof are also the same.
- the polymer layer 21 is composed of a cation exchange membrane in which a polymer material having an acidic functional group is mixed with a cation exchange resin material.
- the cation exchange resin material and the polymer material the same materials as those described for the electrode layers 12A and 12B of the polymer element 1 can be used.
- the polymer layer 21 includes a polymer material having an acidic functional group, the number of acidic functional groups present in the polymer layer 21 without increasing the density of the acidic functional group in the cation exchange resin material. Can be increased. Therefore, the ion conductivity of the polymer layer 21 can be improved without reducing the strength of the polymer layer 21.
- the polymer layer 21 may be formed by kneading a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material and then stretching the material.
- the electrode layers 22A and 22B only need to contain a conductive material, but it is preferable to use a conductive material powder for the electrode layers 22A and 22B in the same manner as the electrode layers 12A and 12B.
- the electrode layers 12A and 12B are composed of conductive material powders bound together by an ion conductive polymer.
- the conductive material powder for example, a cation exchange resin material contained in the polymer layer 21 can be used.
- the polymer layer 21 is composed of a cation exchange membrane in which a polymer material having an acidic functional group is mixed, so that the reliability of the polymer element 2 is maintained while maintaining the reliability. The characteristics can be improved.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows a cross-sectional configuration of a polymer element (polymer element 3) according to Modification 2.
- the polymer layer 21 is composed of a cation exchange membrane including a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group. Except for this point, the polymer element 3 has the same configuration as the polymer element 1 of the above-described embodiment, and the operation and effect thereof are also the same.
- the electrode layers 12A and 12B and the polymer layer 21 include the cation exchange resin material and the polymer material having an acidic functional group, the ion conductivity of the polymer element 3 compared to the polymer elements 1 and 2 is increased. Will improve. Therefore, the polymer element 3 can further improve its characteristics while maintaining reliability.
- Example 1 PSS was added as a polymer material having an acidic functional group to the coating material for forming the electrode layer. PSS was added so that PSS was 9% by weight of Nafion and PSS. Except for this, a polymer element (Example 1) was produced in the same manner as in the comparative example. Note that the EW of the PSS used here was, for example, about 184 g / eq, and the IEC thereof was about 5.43 meq / g.
- Example 2 PSS was added as a polymer material having an acidic functional group to the coating material for forming the electrode layer. PSS was added so that PSS was 18% by weight of Nafion and PSS. Except for this, a polymer element (Example 2) was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the results of measuring the displacement amount, generated force, and decrease amount of displacement in the dry state of the polymer elements according to Examples 1 and 2 and the comparative example.
- Table 1 shows the results of the polymer elements of Examples 1 and 2, assuming that the displacement amount, generated force, and decrease amount of displacement in the dry state of the polymer element of the comparative example are 100%, respectively.
- the amount of decrease in displacement in the dry state represents the amount of decrease in displacement at a humidity of 30% compared to when the humidity is 50%.
- FIG. 8 and 9 are perspective views showing a schematic configuration of a mobile phone with an imaging function (mobile phone 8) as an example of an electronic apparatus including the imaging device according to Application Example 1 of the polymer element of the above-described embodiment and the like. There is something.
- the two casings 81A and 81B are connected to each other via a hinge mechanism (not shown) so as to be foldable.
- a plurality of various operation keys 82 are arranged on one surface of the casing 81A, and a microphone 83 is arranged at the lower end thereof.
- the operation key 82 is for receiving a predetermined operation by a user (user) and inputting information.
- the microphone 83 is for inputting a user's voice during a call or the like.
- a display portion 84 using a liquid crystal display panel or the like is disposed on one surface of the casing 81B, and a speaker 85 is disposed at the upper end portion thereof.
- various kinds of information such as radio wave reception status, remaining battery level, telephone number of the other party, contents registered as a telephone directory (the telephone number and name of the other party), outgoing call history, incoming call history, etc. Information is displayed.
- the speaker 85 is for outputting the voice of the other party during a call or the like.
- a cover glass 86 is disposed on the other surface of the casing 81A, and the imaging device 20 is provided at a position corresponding to the cover ballast 86 inside the casing 81A.
- the imaging device 20 includes a camera module 40 disposed on the object side (cover glass 86 side) and an imaging element 30 disposed on the image side (inside the casing 81A).
- the imaging element 30 is an element that acquires an imaging signal formed by a lens (a lens 41 described later) in the camera module 40.
- the image pickup device 30 is composed of, for example, an image sensor on which a charge coupled device (CCD: Charge-Coupled Device) or a CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) is mounted.
- CCD Charge-Coupled Device
- CMOS Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor
- FIG. 10 is a perspective view illustrating a schematic configuration example of the imaging device 20
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view illustrating the configuration of the camera module 40 in the imaging device 20.
- the camera module 40 includes a support member 51, a polymer actuator element 531 in order from the image side (the imaging surface 31 side of the imaging element 30) to the object side along the optical axis Z1 (along the positive direction on the Z axis).
- a lens holding member 54, a lens 41, and a polymer actuator element 532 are provided.
- the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 are constituted by the polymer elements 1, 2, and 3. In FIG. 10, the lens 41 is not shown.
- the camera module 40 also includes a fixing member 52, connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B, fixed electrodes 530A and 530B, a pressing member 56, and Hall elements 57A and 57B.
- corresponds to one specific example of the "drive device which drives a lens" (lens drive device) in this technique.
- the support member 51 is a base member (base) for supporting the entire camera module 40.
- the fixing member 52 is a member for fixing one end of each of the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532.
- the fixing member 52 is arranged from the image side (lower side in FIGS. 10 and 11) toward the object side (upper side), the lower fixing member 52D, the center (middle) fixing member 52C, and the upper fixing. It consists of three members of the member 52U for use. Between the lower fixing member 52D and the central fixing member 52C, one end of the polymer actuator element 531 and one end of the fixed electrodes 530A and 530B are respectively sandwiched and arranged.
- the center fixing member 52C is formed with an opening 52C0 for partially sandwiching a part of the lens holding member 54 (a part of a holding part 54B described later). Thereby, a part of the lens holding member 54 can move in the opening 52C0, so that the space can be used effectively and the camera module 40 can be downsized.
- the fixed electrodes 530A and 530B have a driving voltage Vd (described later in FIG. 12A) from a voltage supply unit 59 with respect to the electrode layers in the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 (the electrode layers 12A, 12B, 22A, and 22B described above). , FIG. 12B).
- Each of these fixed electrodes 530A and 530B is made of, for example, gold (Au) or gold-plated metal, and has a U shape.
- the fixed electrodes 530A and 530B sandwich the upper and lower sides (both side surfaces along the Z axis) of the central fixing member 52C, and are parallel to the pair of polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 with fewer wires. It is possible to apply the same voltage to.
- the fixed electrodes 530A and 530B are made of a metal material plated with gold, it is possible to prevent deterioration of contact resistance due to surface oxidation or the like.
- the lens holding member 54 is a member for holding the lens 41, and is made of, for example, a hard resin material such as a liquid crystal polymer.
- the lens holding member 54 is arranged so that the center thereof is on the optical axis Z1, and holds an annular holding portion 54B that holds the lens 41, and holds the holding portion 54B and a connecting member 551A that will be described later. , 551B, 552A, and 552B.
- the holding portion 54 ⁇ / b> B is disposed between drive surfaces described later in the pair of polymer actuator elements 531 and 532.
- Each of the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 has a drive surface (drive surface on the XY plane) orthogonal to the optical axis Z1 of the lens 41, and is arranged so that the drive surfaces face each other along the optical axis Z1.
- These polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 are for driving the lens holding member 54 (and the lens 41) along the optical axis Z1 via connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B, which will be described later.
- the connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B are members for connecting (connecting) each other end of the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 and the end of the connecting portion 54A to each other.
- the connecting members 551A and 551B respectively connect the lower end portion of the connecting portion 54A and the other end of the polymer actuator element 531
- the connecting members 552A and 552B respectively connect the upper end portion of the connecting portion 54A and the polymer.
- the other end of the actuator element 532 is connected.
- Each of these connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B is made of a flexible film such as a polyimide film, for example, and is flexible and has a rigidity (bending rigidity) equal to or less than (preferably the same as) each polymer actuator element 531 and 532. It is desirable to consist of materials. As a result, a degree of freedom in which the connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B are bent in the direction opposite to the bending direction of the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 is created.
- the cross-sectional shape of the cantilever beam composed of the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532 and the connecting members 551A, 551B, 552A, and 552B draws an S-shaped curve.
- the connecting portion 54A can be translated along the Z-axis direction, and the holding portion 54B (and the lens 40) is driven in the Z-axis direction while maintaining a parallel state with respect to the support member 51. It becomes like this.
- a spring constant can be used as the rigidity (bending rigidity).
- FIGS. 12A and 12B schematically show an example of a schematic configuration of the camera module 40 in a side view (ZX side view).
- FIG. 12A shows a state before the operation
- FIG. 12B shows a state after the operation. Each state is shown.
- the lens holding member 54 is driven by the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532, and the lens 41 can move along the optical axis Z1 (see the arrow in FIG. 12B).
- the lens 41 is driven along the optical axis Z1 by the driving device (lens driving device) using the polymer actuator elements 531 and 532. That is, the lens 41 in the camera module 40 moves along the optical axis Z1, and focusing and zooming are performed.
- an imaging apparatus (camera module) according to Application Example 2 of the polymer element of the above-described embodiment and the like will be described.
- the imaging apparatus according to this application example is also built in the mobile phone 8 with an imaging function, for example, as shown in FIGS.
- the imaging device 2 of Application Example 1 uses a polymer element (polymer actuator element) as a lens driving device, whereas the imaging device of this application example drives the imaging device 30 as described below. It is used as a drive device.
- FIG. 13 is a side view (ZX side view) showing a schematic configuration example of the image pickup apparatus (image pickup apparatus 20A) according to this application example.
- the imaging device 20A includes a housing 61 for holding various members on a substrate 60.
- the housing 61 is provided with an opening 611 for disposing the lens 41, and a pair of side wall portions 613A and 613B, and a bottom portion 612 positioned on the substrate 60.
- One end side of a pair of leaf springs 621 and 621 is fixed to the side wall portion 613A, and the image sensor 30 is disposed on the other end side of the leaf springs 621 and 621 via the connection portion 54A and the support portion 64.
- one end side of the polymer actuator element 63 is fixed on the bottom portion 612, and the other end side of the polymer actuator element 63 is fixed to the bottom surface of the support portion 64.
- a hall element 57A is also disposed on the bottom 612, and a hall element 57B is disposed at a position opposite to the hall element 57A on the connecting portion 54A.
- the bottom portion 612, the side wall portion 613A, the leaf springs 621 and 622, the polymer actuator element 63, the support portion 64, and the connection portion 54A are mainly referred to as “driving the image pickup element”. This corresponds to a specific example of “driving device” (imaging device driving device).
- the polymer actuator element 63 is for driving the imaging element 30, and is configured using the polymer elements 1, 2, and 3 according to the above-described embodiment and the like.
- FIGS. 14A and 14B schematically show a part of the imaging device 20A (the above-described imaging device driving device) in a side view (ZX side view), and FIG. 14A shows a state before the operation.
- FIG. 14B shows a state after the operation.
- the imaging apparatus 20A when the driving voltage Vd is supplied from the voltage supply unit (not shown) to the polymer actuator element 63, the other end side of the polymer actuator element 63 is respectively connected to the Z axis according to the principle described above. Curve along the direction.
- the connecting portion 54A is driven by the polymer actuator element 63, and the imaging element 30 can move along the optical axis Z1 of the lens 40 (see the arrow in FIG. 14B).
- the imaging device 30 is driven along the optical axis Z1 of the lens 41 by the driving device (imaging device driving device) using the polymer actuator element 63.
- the driving device imaging device driving device
- zooming are performed by changing the relative distance between the lens 41 and the image sensor 30.
- FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B schematically represent a configuration example of an electronic device (electronic device 7A and FIG. 7B) according to another application example.
- the electronic device 7A (FIG. 15A) includes a polymer sensor element 71 and a signal processing unit 72.
- a signal detected by the deformation of the polymer sensor element 71 is input to the signal processing unit 72, and various signal processes are performed.
- an electronic device 7A for example, a pulse sensor that detects expansion and contraction of blood vessels, a contact position of a finger or the like, a tactile sensor that detects the strength of contact, a bending state associated with page turning of a book or the like is detected. And a bending sensor that detects the movement of a human joint and the like.
- the electronic device 7B (FIG. 15B) includes a signal input unit 73 and a polymer actuator element 74.
- the polymer actuator element 74 is deformed by a signal from the signal input unit 73.
- a catheter etc. are mentioned, for example.
- the technology of the present technology has been described with the embodiment, the modification, and the application example, but the present technology is not limited to the embodiment and the like, and various modifications can be made.
- the shape and material of the polymer element and other members in the imaging device are not limited to those described in the above embodiment, and the laminated structure of the polymer element is also not limited to the above embodiment. It is not limited to what was demonstrated by (1), It can change suitably.
- the electrode layers 12A and 12B and the polymer layer 21 of the polymer element 2 are configured using an anion exchange resin material and a polymer material having a basic functional group.
- the cation exchange membrane containing the polymer material having an acidic functional group or the anion exchange membrane containing a polymer material having a basic functional group described in the above embodiments is a battery such as a secondary battery. It can also be used as a separator.
- the lens driving device of the present technology a lens driving device that mainly drives a lens that is a driving target along the optical axis has been described, but in that case, the lens driving device may drive the lens along a direction orthogonal to the optical axis.
- the driving device of the present technology drives other driving objects such as a diaphragm (see Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2008-259381) and camera shake correction.
- the present invention can also be applied to a driving device or the like.
- the drive device, the camera module, and the imaging device of the present technology can be applied to various electronic devices other than the mobile phone described in the above embodiment.
- this technique can also take the following structures.
- An ion exchange membrane comprising a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- the value of the ion exchange capacity of the polymer material having the acidic functional group is any one of (1) to (3), which is larger than the value of the ion exchange capacity of the cation exchange resin material.
- An ion exchange membrane comprising an anion exchange resin material and a polymer material having a basic functional group and mixed in the anion exchange resin material.
- a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers are provided, and at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer includes a cation exchange resin material and an acidic functional group.
- a polymer element including a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers is provided, and at least one of the pair of electrode layers and the polymer layer includes a cation exchange resin material and an acidic functional group.
- a lens and a driving device configured to use the polymer element and driving the lens, the polymer element having a pair of electrode layers and a polymer layer between the pair of electrode layers.
- At least one of the pair of electrode layers and polymer layer includes a cation exchange resin material and a polymer material having an acidic functional group and mixed in the cation exchange resin material.
- a lens an image sensor that acquires an image signal formed by the lens, and a driving device that is configured using a polymer element and drives the lens or the image sensor.
- An imaging device including a polymer material mixed in a cation exchange resin material.
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Abstract
Description
1.実施の形態(ポリマー素子:電極層が、高分子材料を混在させたイオン交換膜により構成される例)
2.変形例1(高分子層が、高分子材料を混在させたイオン交換膜により構成される例)
3.変形例2(電極層および高分子層共に、高分子材料を混在させたイオン交換膜により構成されている例)
4.実施例
5.適用例
適用例1(レンズを駆動する駆動装置を備えた撮像装置への適用例)
適用例2(撮像素子を駆動する駆動装置を備えた撮像装置への適用例)
その他の適用例
[ポリマー素子1の構成]
図1は、本技術の一実施の形態に係るポリマー素子(ポリマー素子1)の断面構成例(Z-X断面構成例)を表したものである。このポリマー素子1は、一対の電極層12A,12Bの間に高分子層11を有しており、例えばポリマーアクチュエータ素子またはポリマーセンサ素子等に適用されるものである。ポリマー素子1の周囲を、絶縁性の保護膜により覆うようにしてもよい。絶縁性の保護膜は、例えば、高弾性を有する材料(例えば、ポリウレタンなど)により構成することが可能である。
高分子層11は、例えばイオン物質が含浸されたイオン伝導性高分子化合物膜により構成されている。ここで言う「イオン物質」とは、高分子層11内を伝導することが可能なイオン全般を指している。具体的には水素イオンや金属イオン単体、またはそれら陽イオンおよび/または陰イオンと極性溶媒とを含むもの、あるいはイミダゾリウム塩などのそれ自体が液状である陽イオンおよび/または陰イオンを含むものを意味する。前者としては、例えば、陽イオンおよび/または陰イオンに極性溶媒が溶媒和したものが挙げられ、後者としては、例えばイオン液体が挙げられる。
電極層12A,12Bはそれぞれ、1種または2種以上の導電性材料を含むイオン交換膜により構成されている。高分子層11を構成するイオン伝導性高分子化合物膜が陽イオン交換樹脂膜であるとき、電極層12A,12Bに含まれるイオン交換膜は陽イオン交換膜である。本実施の形態では、この陽イオン交換膜が陽イオン交換樹脂材料と酸性官能基を有する高分子材料とを含んでおり、これらが互いに混ざりあっている。互いに官能基密度が大きく異なる2種以上の陽イオン交換樹脂を混合して陽イオン交換膜を構成するようにしてもよい。詳細は後述するが、これにより、イオン交換膜の強度を維持しつつ、イオン交換膜中の官能基密度を高めることが可能となる。高分子材料の分子量は、例えば10000以上である。
本実施の形態のポリマー素子1は、例えば次のようにして製造することができる。
(A.ポリマーアクチュエータ素子として機能する場合の基本動作)
本実施の形態のポリマー素子1では、電極層12A,12Bの間に所定の電位差が生じると、以下の原理にて、高分子層11において変形(湾曲)が生じる。つまり、この場合には、ポリマー素子1がポリマーアクチュエータ素子として機能することになる。以下、このポリマー素子1のポリマーアクチュエータ素子としての動作について、説明する。
また、本実施の形態のポリマー素子1では、逆に、高分子層11が厚み方向と直交する方向(ここではZ軸方向)へ変形(湾曲)すると、以下の原理にて、電極層12Aと電極層12Bとの間に電圧(起電力)が生じる。つまり、この場合には、ポリマー素子1がポリマーセンサ素子(例えば、速度センサや加速度センサ等)として機能することになる。以下、高分子層11に含浸されているイオン物質の種類による場合分けをして、ポリマー素子1の動作について説明する。
また、本実施の形態のポリマー素子1は、電気二重層キャパシタとしても機能する。電極層12A,12B間に所定の電圧を印加すると、高分子層11に含浸されているイオン物質が移動し、電極層12A,12Bの表面に整列する。これにより、電気二重層が形成され、その部分に電荷が蓄えられる結果、電気二重層キャパシタとして機能する。
ここで、本実施の形態のポリマー素子1の電極層12A,12Bに含まれるイオン交換膜の作用について説明する。
図6は、変形例1に係るポリマー素子(ポリマー素子2)の断面構成を模式的に表わしたものである。このポリマー素子2では、電極層(電極層22A,22B)間の高分子層(高分子層21)が、陽イオン交換樹脂材料および酸性官能基を有する高分子材料を含む陽イオン交換膜により構成されている。その点を除き、ポリマー素子2は上記実施の形態のポリマー素子1と同様の構成を有し、その作用および効果も同様である。
図7は、変形例2に係るポリマー素子(ポリマー素子3)の断面構成を模式的に表わしたものである。このポリマー素子3は、電極層12A,12Bに加えて、高分子層21が陽イオン交換樹脂材料および酸性官能基を有する高分子材料を含む陽イオン交換膜により構成されている。その点を除き、ポリマー素子3は上記実施の形態のポリマー素子1と同様の構成を有し、その作用および効果も同様である。
以下、本実施の形態における具体的な実施例について説明する。
まず、ナフィオン(デュポン株式会社製)にイオン液体を含浸させ、高分子層を準備した。一方、電極層を形成するため、導電性材料としてのカーボン粉末と、陽イオン交換樹脂材料としてのナフィオンとを分散媒に分散させて塗料を調製した。その後、この塗料を高分子層の両面に塗布して一対の電極層を形成し、ポリマー素子(比較例)を作製した。ここで用いたナフィオンのEWは1100g/eq程度であり、そのIECは0.9meq/g程度であった。
電極層を形成するための塗料に、酸性官能基を有する高分子材料としてPSSを添加した。PSSは、ナフィオンとPSSのうちPSSが重量比で9%となるように添加した。これ以外は、比較例と同様にしてポリマー素子(実施例1)を作製した。なお、ここで用いたPSSのEWは、例えば184g/eq程度であり、そのIECは5.43meq/g程度であった。
電極層を形成するための塗料に、酸性官能基を有する高分子材料としてPSSを添加した。PSSは、ナフィオンとPSSのうちPSSが重量比で18%となるように添加した。これ以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリマー素子(実施例2)を作製した。
続いて、上記実施の形態および変形例に係るポリマー素子の適用例(撮像装置への適用例;適用例1,2)について説明する。
(携帯電話機8の構成)
図8および図9は、上記実施の形態等のポリマー素子の適用例1に係る撮像装置を備えた電子機器の一例として、撮像機能付き携帯電話機(携帯電話機8)の概略構成を斜視図で表わしたものある。この携帯電話機8では、2つの筐体81A,81B同士が、図示しないヒンジ機構を介して折り畳み自在に連結されている。
図10は、撮像装置20の概略構成例を斜視図で表したものであり、図11は、この撮像装置20におけるカメラモジュール40の構成を分解斜視図で表したものである。
図12A,図12Bはそれぞれ、カメラモジュール40の概略構成例を側面図(Z-X側面図)で模式的に表したものであり、図12Aは動作前の状態を、図12Bは動作後の状態をそれぞれ示している。
続いて、上記実施の形態等のポリマー素子の適用例2に係る撮像装置(カメラモジュール)について説明する。本適用例に係る撮像装置もまた、例えば前述した図8,図9に示したような、撮像機能付き携帯電話機8に内蔵されるようになっている。ただし、適用例1の撮像装置2では、ポリマー素子(ポリマーアクチュエータ素子)をレンズ駆動装置として用いていたのに対し、本適用例の撮像装置では以下説明するように、撮像素子30を駆動するための駆動装置として用いている。
図13は、本適用例に係る撮像装置(撮像装置20A)の概略構成例を、側面図(Z-X側面図)で表したものである。この撮像装置20Aは、基板60上に、各種部材を保持するためのハウジング61を備えている。
図14A,図14Bはそれぞれ、撮像装置20Aの一部(上記した撮像素子駆動装置)を側面図(Z-X側面図)で模式的に表したものであり、図14Aは動作前の状態を、図14Bは動作後の状態をそれぞれ示している。
図15A,図15Bは、その他の適用例に係る電子機器(電子機器7A,図7B)の構成例を、模式的に表したものである。
以上、実施の形態、変形例および適用例を挙げて本技術の技術を説明したが、本技術はこれらの実施の形態等に限定されず、種々の変形が可能である。例えば、ポリマー素子および撮像装置内の他の部材における形状や材料等については、上記実施の形態等で説明したものには限定されず、また、ポリマー素子の積層構造についても、上記実施の形態等で説明したものには限定されず、適宜変更可能である。
(1)陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを備えたイオン交換膜。
(2)前記酸性官能基はスルホン基である前記(1)記載のイオン交換膜。
(3)前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料および前記高分子材料のうち、前記高分子材料の含有量は重量比で5%以上25%以下である前記(1)または(2)記載のイオン交換膜。
(4)前記酸性官能基を有する前記高分子材料のイオン交換容量の値は、前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料のイオン交換容量の値よりも大きい前記(1)乃至(3)のうちいずれか1つに記載のイオン交換膜。
(5)前記高分子材料の分子量は10000以上である前記(1)乃至(4)のうちいずれか1つに記載のイオン交換膜。
(6)陰イオン交換樹脂材料と、塩基性官能基を有すると共に前記陰イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを備えたイオン交換膜。
(7)一対の電極層と、前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを備え、前記一対の電極層および前記高分子層の少なくとも一方は、陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含むポリマー素子。
(8)前記一対の電極層が、導電性材料粉末とともに前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料と前記高分子材料とを含む前記(7)記載のポリマー素子。
(9)前記導電性材料粉末はカーボン粉末である前記(8)記載のポリマー素子。
(10)前記一対の電極層および前記高分子層がいずれも、前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料と前記高分子材料とを含む前記(7)乃至(9)のうちいずれか1つに記載のポリマー素子。
(11)ポリマーアクチュエータ素子として構成されている前記(7)乃至(10)のうちいずれか1つに記載のポリマー素子。
(12)ポリマーセンサ素子として構成されている前記(7)乃至(10)のうちいずれか1つに記載のポリマー素子。
(13)前記高分子層には、イオン物質が含浸されている前記(7)乃至(12)のうちいずれか1つに記載のポリマー素子。
(14)一対の電極層と前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを有するポリマー素子を備え、前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む電子機器。
(15)レンズと、ポリマー素子を用いて構成され、前記レンズを駆動する駆動装置とを備え、前記ポリマー素子は、一対の電極層と、前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを有し、前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含むカメラモジュール。
(16)レンズと、前記レンズにより結像されてなる撮像信号を取得する撮像素子と、ポリマー素子を用いて構成され、前記レンズまたは前記撮像素子を駆動する駆動装置とを備え、前記ポリマー素子は、一対の電極層と、前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを備え、前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む撮像装置。
Claims (16)
- 陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、
酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料と
を備えたイオン交換膜。 - 前記酸性官能基はスルホン基である
請求項1記載のイオン交換膜。 - 前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料および前記高分子材料のうち、前記高分子材料の含有量は重量比で5%以上25%以下である
請求項1記載のイオン交換膜。 - 前記酸性官能基を有する前記高分子材料のイオン交換容量の値は、前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料のイオン交換容量の値よりも大きい
請求項1記載のイオン交換膜。 - 前記高分子材料の分子量は10000以上である
請求項1記載のイオン交換膜。 - 陰イオン交換樹脂材料と、
塩基性官能基を有すると共に前記陰イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料と
を備えたイオン交換膜。 - 一対の電極層と、
前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを備え、
前記一対の電極層および前記高分子層の少なくとも一方は、
陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、
酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む
ポリマー素子。 - 前記一対の電極層が、導電性材料粉末とともに前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料と前記高分子材料とを含む
請求項7記載のポリマー素子。 - 前記導電性材料粉末はカーボン粉末である
請求項8記載のポリマー素子。 - 前記一対の電極層および前記高分子層がいずれも、前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料と前記高分子材料とを含む
請求項7記載のポリマー素子。 - ポリマーアクチュエータ素子として構成されている
請求項7記載のポリマー素子。 - ポリマーセンサ素子として構成されている
請求項7記載のポリマー素子。 - 前記高分子層には、イオン物質が含浸されている
請求項7記載のポリマー素子。 - 一対の電極層と前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを有するポリマー素子を備え、
前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、
陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、
酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む
電子機器。 - レンズと、
ポリマー素子を用いて構成され、前記レンズを駆動する駆動装置とを備え、
前記ポリマー素子は、
一対の電極層と、
前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを有し、
前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、
陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、
酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む
カメラモジュール。 - レンズと、
前記レンズにより結像されてなる撮像信号を取得する撮像素子と、
ポリマー素子を用いて構成され、前記レンズまたは前記撮像素子を駆動する駆動装置とを備え、
前記ポリマー素子は、
一対の電極層と、
前記一対の電極層の間の高分子層とを備え、
前記一対の電極層および高分子層の少なくとも一方は、
陽イオン交換樹脂材料と、
酸性官能基を有すると共に前記陽イオン交換樹脂材料中に混在する高分子材料とを含む
撮像装置。
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