WO2015080687A1 - Innovation in the propulsion assist system of the vehicles driven by pedalling - Google Patents

Abstract

Invention; is about a new propulsion assist system enabling to cover the same distance faster by spending less energy in the bicycles, pedaloes and similar vehicles run by pedalling.

Description

DESCRIPTION

INNOVATION IN THE PROPULSION ASSIST SYSTEM OF THE VEHICLES

DRIVEN BY PEDALLING

TECHNICAL FIELD

Invention; is concerned with a new propulsion assist system enabling to cover the same distance faster by spending less energy in the bicycles, pedaloes and similar vehicles run by pedalling.

PRIOR ART

Cycling efficiency

While the energy expenditure of a gasoline car is 700 calories per kilometer and kg, this value is 200 calories for a bike. A walking human energy expenditure is approximately 750 calories per kg and km.

While 4-5 km is covered in an hour with normal walking, this speed can up to 15-35 km/h. this bike -35 speed 15 are possible. Increase in the prevalence of bicycle known as non-polluting and most economical means of transportation is important. Bike is also an ideal vehicle as depletion of energy resources.

The best way to compare the energy and efficiency of the transport systems is to calculate the energy consumption per kg in a km. A walking man consumes about 3000 joules (750 calories) energy per kg in one km. This value for bicycles is around 800 joules (200 calories) per kg in 1 km.

Bike which is useful in many ways is a very efficient means of transportation. Considering the environmental pollution and depletion of oil on earth, the benefits of the bicycle will take over.

If we inspect the powertrain parts of a rider on a bike; Wheels

Bicycle can have 2, 3 or 4 units of wheels. One in the front and may be two in the back. The unicycles are generally used for demonstration and acrobatics in the circus.

Chainwheel

It is essential that the power we give as soon as we we push the pedal be transferred to the chain as much as possible without loss. The biggest factors that play a role in the less power loss are. Force applied to the pedal is transmitted to the rear wheel via chainwheel crankset, chain and rear sprocket, The materials used in the bars are usually aluminum or carbon. Gears are made of steel or aluminum.

Central shaft

This is the part that provides the connection between the crank arms. It allows the pedals to be moved synchronizedly. It has a rigid structure. It allows the circular movement of the pedals.

In the mid shaft and chainwheel have great importance in cycling, because it is the first part in the muscle power transmission path. It is a very important point that the power produced as soon as the pedal is pushed should be transferred to the chain as much as possible without loss.. The biggest factor playing a role in less loss of power is the hardness of the chainwheel and . central shaft assembly. This ensures constant rotation of the axis as much as possible. The moment when the hardness outstands while using is the time when the chain is at the right-most position. Chainwheel - central shaft not providing enough resistance to power given by pedal- may move 0,5-1 mm to the right. In normal use, this event which may be tolerated with minor, adjustments on the front derailleur and in fact it is a non-significant event in amateur sports is vital in races where the difference is measured by seconds.

There rectangular input central shaft models with 8 teeth and 10 teeth on the market. Primarily, there are two dimensions to be considered. Firstly, The diameter of the central shaft bed of the frame is 73mm usually in the bikes made in 1968 or bikes made in U.S.A. The second measure, which is required for convenient operation system, is the length of the central shaft. The rectangular input shafts are between 107-113mm, and these values vary between 113-126mm in the input shaft with eight and ten teeth. Quadrilateral input shaft are common in the market.

Shaft length issue is an issue that requires a lot of attention. There are two reasons for this. First, which is also considered to include the other reason is the condition called the chain line. The ideal chain line is the line that brings . the third small gear rubles together with the largest chainwheel in the same line. That is, when a 113mm. shaft is replaced with a 121mm. shaft this line naturally slides to the right. This may result in failure chain's working properly.

Central shafts are sensitive products although they are now produced closed. In particular, since central shafts are at the bottom point where all the pipes (tubes) of the bicycle are connected, water drops are formed due to condensation inside the tubes after cold weather rides. In the Ease of installation also comes to the fore in closed systems. Things to consider before installing the central shaft are that of the center pivot bearing shaft should be clean, especially no lathe turnings on the shaft and grooves where shaft cover, will be mounted. Likewise, the bearing should be cleaned when the central shaft is changed or after removed to be maintained. Chainwheel need to be removed before central shaft. Therefore, the screws of chainwheel are removed with alien keys. Then the chainwheel extractor tool is mounted into the screw socket. The next step after removing the chainwheel is to remove the mid-shaft. To do. this, firstly the threads of the mid-shaft mounting tool need to be placed onto the teeth of the mid-shaft cover on the left side of the bike and then turn it. The cover on the left is called BSA, and used in 99% of the central shafts, and it is unscrewed by turning counterclockwise direction. Italian grooves are rarely encountered in bikes, and the direction of the cover is inverse. After the cover is removed, the same procedure is required on the other side to remove the body of the central shaft, but this time with clockwise opening.

The same process is applied inversely in the central shaft assembly. The first part to be mounted is the central shaft body. Central shaft body and its threads should be lubricated first. If the bearing has been cleaned, the body is placed by turning counterclockwise from the right side of the Ebetor (L/R phrases already exist on the central shaft) in the opposite direction it. In the future to prevent to hear sound, etc. teeth of the mid-shaft cover should be lubricated with grease / dry oil thoroughly. The cover is attached from the left side by turning it clockwise. The torque applied is an important point during the installation process. If you do not have a key with indicator "quite tight" installation should be performed. After the mid-shaft is placed, chainwheel installation is in the sequence. The final procedure is only to place the screws of the chainwheel into their sockets again and to tighten them. However, the point to be noted here is that absolutely need oil is used, that is, the gap between the chainwheel and central shaft should be dry.

Bottom bracket

It is the part that bears bottom bracket axle. It is in the proper shape and size of the central shaft. The sizes of bottom brackets in the bicycles sold in the market are usually the same.

Gear equipment

Cycling gears are employed to provide increased efficiency according to the slope, to increase the speed of the bike and to climb the ramps more easily. Today, the gear systems we have collected under the name of gearbox can roughly be divided into two groups. It consists of front and rear derailleurs, and there are two gear control levers around the handlebar to control them. One of them allows you to control the rear gears, and the other front gears, and when the speed increases according to your pedal revolution (60-100 min. speed) gear is shifted up, and the gear is shifted down when the speed decreases.

The small gear (1.) from the 3-gear set in the front gear is the main gear required for uphill. Pre-intermediate gear (2) is ideal for straight roads. Pre-large gear (3) is for the speed.

The largest gear in the rear derailleur is the uphill gear, when it gets smaller the flat road gear is reached and the smallest gear is the speed gear. In another aspect the main gears in the front have as many different options as the rear gears, briefly three main gears have 3 x 7 = 21 gears on a bike with 7 rear gears.

They are also used in the speed systems in the bottom bracket. Since these systems contain common ratios, bicycles do not require front gear shifter or a few chain wheel sprockets. Gear system turns into an extremely robust system consisting of a single front and rear gear. Since there is only one sprocket in the front and rear, chain obsolescence disappears due to lateral movement of chain while shifting gears.

Especially on straight roads, bike is a very effective means of transportation. It is possible to ride long distances using less power. Longdistance bicycle races and long tours can be made as a pleasurable pastime. While riding a bike for a few hours is an exhilarating experience for the trained persons, it is considered as a sweaty, tiring and discomfortable activity for the untrained people. In places with slopes, it becomes more difficult to ride a bicycle, so people prefer cars and motorcycles. However, the use of bicycle that is cheap, reliable, quiet, easily controlled, surrounded by nature and making an environmental journey possible, and enabling us to do exercise should be facilitated and its prevalence should be increased.

ELECTRIC BICYCLES

Electric bikes (e-bikes) are the bicycles that have created an alternative sensitive the environment to the transportation problem of cycling short distances within the city. The number of electric and regular bicycles is increasing rapidly with the rise in gasoline prices. These bikes are widely used to go to work from home, traveling and to go to school.

The electric bikes on the market are 250W and over in general. The greater power means the greater the electric bike motors. There are electric bikes with engines starting from 500W up to 1000W. The larger an engine is, the more power is consumed and the greater battery is required. A large motor and a larger battery will increase weight significantly. Their rough images and the fact that they are manufactured in 4-5 times weights of a normal bike weight constitute a very serious obstacle in front of the ability to go with pedaling when battery runs out of charge.

The motor in the wheel hub or in the bottom bracket axle, this lightweight provides these light vehicles with the ability to move using the energy in the battery. They are administered by the control panel or the buttons on the handlebars.

The front wheel designed by using hub motors allow you to turn your old bicycle into an electric bike. Both your revolving strength and revolving number of cycles are considered, and when you have made an automatic choice, you feel that the system runs as a whole. All this information is displayed in multifunctional odometer, a visual part of the system.

Electric motors used in electric bicycleare not different from those used in other vehicles. That is, electric bicycles, solar vehicles, electric scooters and many more light electric vehicles use Hub engines. The most important rationale behind the choice of these engines is that they do not require an additional transmission mechanism. However, since the requirement for the power over 180 watts makes a big battery also mandatory. Thus, it makes a bike as heavy as a motorcycle. Assistive Electric Bicycle

In assistive electric bicycles, the effort a cyclist spend will be reduced through the assist from the electric motor while pedaling continues. A significant portion of energy is met by the assistive motor while a portion of the energy required to achieve the advancement of bicycle is provided by the cyclist. In these assistive bikes, hub motor can be used in wheel hubs as well as the the systems to ensure the rotation of the pedal, hence rotation of front gear set can be used. Thus, the motor which will assist in accordance with the pedaling , speed will facilitate the cyclist's work and increase the speed. However, when the electric motor is not assisted by batteries or battery is dead, riders will spend the extra force to rotate the engine in addition to the energy required to move the vehicle. When we do not want to benefit from the assist system or the battery is dead, the extra power we spend to rotate the electric motor will make it difficult to ride a bike.

The same situation applies in the hub motor bikes. Adding the extremely weighing bike, riding will be very difficult when the the battery runs out.

WORM-GEARS

The most commonly used gears whose axis do not overlap are the worm-gear sprockets. These gears are the main gear types used particularly in the reduction gears as they can operate flicker-free, quietly at very large reduction ratios and at very high speeds. In worm-gear pair, the axis of the worm is located in tangential position to the gear. One of the biggest advantages of this type of gear is that if the pitch angle is less than 50, these gears can operate as self-locking. In other words, if rotational movement is not transferred through the worm but gear, worm does not reverse. So you do not need to use the brakes in some applications (eg, a vehicle with a little worm- gear reducer with a pitch angle less than 50 in the motor output and a wheeled vehicle being driven uphill does not move backwards even if it does not have a brake after the engine stops). This prevents the direct use of worm gears in cycling. The worm gears that will assist the pedal does not allow the pedal to move in its direction, and thus, the rider cannot rotate the pedal.

Worm gears are manufectured as right or left according to the operating status with 1 , 2, 3, 4, and may be more starts. The reduction ratio in the worm gears is proportional to the start number of the screw (the number of stages on the screw). Maximum reduction ratio can be obtained from one-start worm gears. As the number of the start (step) on the worm gear increases, the reduction ratio is reduced at the same rate. It is possible to achieve high reduction with worm gears in a very small area. The system is simple, durable and economical. It is widely applied in many fields. Bearing rotatable in one direction (locked)

While the one-way locked roller transmits the one-way movement to the . shaft bearings, it allows the shaft to rotate in the opposite direction. For example, they are often used in model cars and paper feeders of printers.

TECHNICAL INFORMATION

Among the battery to be used for electric bicycles: Lead Acid Batteries (SLA), Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) Batteries, Nickel Metal Hydride (NiMH) batteries, Lithium Ion (Li-ion) batteries, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LiFeP04) batteries can be stated.

The propulsion assist system we have explained in our patent document with the application number TR2013/03543 consists of more parts for power, transmission. The installation of parts increases labor costs and maintenance costs. Since it is not a one-piece structure, some difficulties arise in mounting on a bike. Combining with clamps requires care and experience. In addition, mechanical intervention is required to deactivate the system when the battery runs out.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention is about of the more economical use of the power and energy applied for the movement of a bike and a propulsion assist system facilitating pedaling without losing pedaling property.

In the propulsion assist system; the crank which passes through the reduction gear, a part of warm-gear mechanism integrated with electric motor, and the bicycle crank is the same part. Electric motor integrated with worm gear mechanism and bottom bracket axle that is integrated with worm gear mechanism forms a unitary system. Thus, reducing the number of parts used in the assembly, system has been made more compact and electric motor power is transferred directly to the central shaft with the worm gear mechanism without any more parts. Clamp system is not required to secure the motor on the bike. Instead, it is mounted on the covers of the bottom bracket. It has become extremely easy for an average cyclist to apply the new propulsion assist system on the bicycle s/he owns.

Since the wormgear mechanism generaly include locking device in the opposite direction as a working principle, it is impossible to be rotated by reduction gear. A one-way selflocking roll bearing connecting reduction gear to the bottom bracket axle has been mounted so that a rider can rotate the pedal. The fact that worm gear mechanism has an opposite direction self-locking device will prevent the breakage or damage of bearing nails and when the electric motor is not active, the cyclist will not have to spend power to rotate the electric motor

The reduction ratio in worm gear mechanism is determined by the number of teeth in the reduction gear and in the number of start (number of stages) and the number of teeth on the worm gear. Worm gear has been produced with two different number of starts(two different stage systems). The worm gear with at least one start, preferably containing two-starts revolves the reduction gear connected to the bottom bracket axle wirh one-way locked bearing. The different gear ratios can be easily obtained through the movement mechanism of the worm on the wedge on the motor shaft by applying the desired stage on the reduction gear. The levels are selected by moving the worm gear formed with at least two starts on the motor shaft the to provide the appropriate reduction rate in normal driving fast driving or driving uphill.

PROVISIONS OF FIGURES

Figure 1. Assembled Overview

Figure 2. Detailed View

Figure 3. Drive Assist System Interior View

Figure 4. Interior View of Drive Assist System in Different Perspectives Figure 5. View from the Casette and Central shaft

Figure 6. View of Engine and Connection Section of Drive Assist System Figure 7. Perspective view of Motor and Connection Part of Drive Assist

System Equivalents for the specified track number of figures are given below.

1. Electric Motor

2. The motor shaft

3. Worm

4. Movement Mechanism

5. Reduction Gear

6. Locked bearing

7. Central shaft

8. Casette

9. Casette cover

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention consists of an electric motor (1), a motor shaft (2), the worm screw having at least two-start and at least two stages (3), a drive mechanism (3.1) that can ensure forward and reverse motion at least one tooth the worm screw (3) on the motor shaft (2), a reduction gear (4), , a one way locked bearing (5) connecting reduction gear (4)to the central shaft (6), central shaft (6), the cassette (7) and the casette cover (8) parts.

In the invention, a portion of the required power is transmitted from the electric motor through transmission system elements (1) and with the propulsion assist, driving enjoyment is ensured as in the electric bikes, instead of shifting the gas latch and with thrust.

Invention is an integral structure with an electric motor (1) the system formed with the improved worm gear mechanism mounted on the bottom bracket with the central shaft (6) by interlocking to the cassette(7) that bears central shaft(6). It is possible to mount this structure on any kind of bikes. After the chainwheel, crank arm, cassette and central shaft on the bike crankset bottom bracket have been removed, the propulsion assist system that has become combined with the central shaft(6) and cassette(7) is mounted into the bottom bracket. The system consisting of an electric motor (1), a worm gear (3) and a reduction gear (4) is an integrated structure unified with the centershaft (6) and cassette (7). Chainwheel and pedal arm are mounted onto the system and pedal is mounted on the chainwheel and crank arm.

There is a one-way operable locked bearing(5) connecting the reduction gear (4) with central shaft (6). Since in general it is impossible to move in the opposite direction in worm gear redactors, this one way locked bearing (5) allows to pedal. Moreover, the rider will not be obliged to apply force to turn the electric motor when the propulsion assist systems is n. ot employed. If a rider wants to pedal reverse, this movement will be blocked by the worm gear system, and the nail parts of the one-way locked bearing (5) will not be damaged. While the one way rotatable locked bearing (5) allows the movement of the pedal, it enables the pushing assist system to assist to the pedal movement, and worm gear mechanism becomes available for the propulsion assist system. The fact that the movement of worm gear is hindered by by the reductor gear will prevent damage to the nail of the one way locked bearing (5). Central shaft (6) is located in the bearings in the container of worm gear system, which is one of the constituent parts of the propulsion assist system, within the bottom bracket of the bicycle (or cassette). Suitable metal selection, hardening procedures and resistance in sufficient thickness are performed for central shaft(6). Worm screw (3), as in the other products on the market, is placed in the bearings in the container of the worm system.

In the invention, the obligation of securing the electric motor (1 ) to the frame of the bike using the clamp has been eliminated. The newly designed propulsion assist system (6) is a system integrated with central shaft and cassette (7) , and it is mounted rigidly bilaterally to the central hub of the bicycle (8) with the help of the cassette covers. This powerful connection is sufficient for fixing the propulsion assist system on the bicycle.

The invention also includes a movement mechanism (3.1 ) that adjusts the rotation speed of the reduction gear (4) of the electric motor (1 ) by moving the worm screw(3),which runs as the trigger mechanism for increased torque to be transferred to the pedal without changing the speed of the engine in order to use the motor power efficiently, at least one tooth forward and backward. The worm screw (3) has a screw structure formed with at least two stages (the number of start on the worm screw is like the continuation of at least two different screws each other and are converted into a single screw). Though it seems like a single screw, the number of start is different on both sides of the screw. Both sides of the worm screw (3) are consistent with the reduction gear teeth. The displacement of worm screw (3) on the reduction gear will also modify the contacting stage of the of the worm screw(3) with reduction gear (4). For example, if we make the the endless screw (3) from two different starts (stages), and if these stages become two-stage and three-stage, while the two- stage part contacts reduction gear and maintains rotation, if 100 rpm tries to rotate the pedal, and three- stage part rotates reduction gear (4), 100x2/3 = 66.6 rpm will try to rotate the pedal. Through this process the torque of the electric motor (1 ) can be increased to make a greater contribution to the effort that users spend by reducing the pedaling speed in uphill areas. The movement mechanism (3.1 ) can set which part of the worm screw (3) contacting the reduction gear (4) to operate thanks to at least one stage forward stage and one stage backward gap via the wedge connection where electric motor (1 ) connects with worm screw (3).

If worm screw (3) is formed from a single stage instead of at least two different levels, the system also runs. However, the efficiency will be low as the gear system lacks.

Propulsion assist system can be implemented without making structural changes on the existing structure of the bike and is compatible with the bottom bracket of the bicycles sold in the market. Employing the existing gears, the force transferred from the propulsion assist system and the pedal power can be efficiently converted into motion. In addition, as less energy will be required with the new propulsion assist system (4), smaller batteries that wil not increase the weight of the bike can be used. By reducing the effort required to ride uphill, it makes the bike ride enjoyable. In non-slope areas, by activating the trigger system to contribute to the acceleration, the number of teeth of the worm screw(3)contacting the reduction gear (4) is reduced. Thus, increasing the speed transmitted to the pedal it will contribute the cyclist to ride faster. The invention is the propulsion assist system for new vehicles run by pedaling without changing the current structure of bicycles, that is, without involving in the motorcycle class and damaging the sport utility of bikes.

Claims

C L A I M S

It is the propulsion assist system for vehicles driven by rotating the pedal, and characterized in that it comprises an electric motor (1), worm screw with at least two different levels (3), reduction gear (4), one-way locked bearing (5), a central shaft (6 ) passing through the reduction gear (4) and locked bearing (5) and a cassette (7) bearing central shaft (6).

It is the central shaft(6) mentioned in Claim 1 , and it is characterized in that it is the part passing through both thebottom bracket and center of the reduction gear (4) and locked bearing (5), the elements of the propulsion assist system.

It is the central shaft(6) mentioned in Claim 1 , and it is characterized in that it integrates the cycling pedal system with the system consisting of an electric motor (1), a worm screw with at least two different levels (3), a reduction gear (4) and one-way locked ball bearings (5).