WO2015043061A1 - 一种非调质钢及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种非调质钢及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015043061A1 WO2015043061A1 PCT/CN2013/088383 CN2013088383W WO2015043061A1 WO 2015043061 A1 WO2015043061 A1 WO 2015043061A1 CN 2013088383 W CN2013088383 W CN 2013088383W WO 2015043061 A1 WO2015043061 A1 WO 2015043061A1
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- Prior art keywords
- cooling
- quenched
- temperature
- steel
- tempered steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 185
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000009847 ladle furnace Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010271 silicon carbide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000161 steel melt Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 8
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009865 steel metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
- C21D9/525—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length for wire, for rods
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/001—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of specific alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/56—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering characterised by the quenching agents
- C21D1/60—Aqueous agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D11/00—Process control or regulation for heat treatments
- C21D11/005—Process control or regulation for heat treatments for cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0231—Warm rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
- C21D8/065—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/16—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
- B21B37/76—Cooling control on the run-out table
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/009—Pearlite
Definitions
- the invention relates to a non-quenched and tempered steel and a production process thereof, and belongs to the field of steel metallurgy technology.
- Non-tempered steel refers to mechanical structural steel that can meet performance requirements without quenching and tempering.
- the use of such steel to manufacture parts can eliminate the quenching and tempering heat treatment process, and has the advantages of energy saving, materials, and simple process, which can reduce the environment. Pollution, avoid oxidation, decarburization, deformation, cracking.
- non-tempering non-tempered steel The traditional domestic production of non-tempering non-tempered steel is: electric furnace smelting ⁇ refining ⁇ mold casting ⁇ controlled rolling and cooling.
- the difficulty of this process in production is: Control of steel properties.
- most domestic and foreign manufacturers have improved the chemical properties of non-tempered steel to achieve the control of steel properties.
- studies have shown that it is difficult to achieve non-tempering steel performance requirements simply by component design.
- Shougang Corporation has proposed a new non-quenched and tempered steel production process, which mainly includes: converter smelting, slag tapping, ladle deoxidation alloying, LF ladle refining, feeding S line, ladle bottom blowing argon to achieve Full protection casting, slab temperature control, controlled cooling and rolling steps, wherein in the rolling step, the heating temperature is 1100 ⁇ 1180 ° C, the rolling temperature is 1020 ⁇ 1100 °C, and the finishing temperature is 850 ⁇ 920 °C The relative deformation is 15 ⁇ 35%. After rolling, it is cooled to 600 °C and then slowly cooled to room temperature.
- Non-tempered steel produced by the above process The slow cooling method is difficult to ensure that the temperature of the core and the surface of the steel tends to be uniform in a short period of time. It is easy to cause the strength and toughness of the steel surface and the core to fluctuate greatly, and the mechanical properties are seriously uneven.
- quenching and tempering steel for example, ⁇ 70 ⁇ (pl45mm bar)
- the phenomenon of uneven mechanical properties of the bar surface and the core of the bar is more obvious.
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of surface mechanical properties and core force performance unevenness of the steel produced by the existing non-quenched and tempered steel production process, thereby providing a non-quenched and tempered steel and a production process thereof. Ensure the surface mechanical properties of the finished product and the uniformity of the core mechanical properties.
- the present invention provides a non-quenched and tempered steel which is composed of the following chemical components: carbon 0.35 to 0.47, shoes 0.30 to 0.60, manganese 1.20 to 1.60, chromium 0.00 to 0.30, aluminum 0.010 to 0.030, nickel 0.00. ⁇ 0.10, copper 0.00 ⁇ 0.20, phosphorus 0.000 ⁇ 0.020, sulfur 0.020 ⁇ 0.020, vanadium 0.050 ⁇ 0.250, nitrogen 0.012 ⁇ 0.020, and the balance is iron.
- the non-modulated steel of the present invention consists of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.45 ⁇ 0.47, silicon 0.30 ⁇ 0.50, manganese 1.30 ⁇ 1.60, chromium 0.00 ⁇ 0.20, aluminum 0.010 ⁇ 0.020, nickel 0.00 ⁇ 0.08 , copper 0.00 ⁇ 0.10, monument 0.000 ⁇ 0.010, sulfur 0.00 ⁇ 0.010, vanadium 0.050 ⁇ 0.250, nitrogen 0.012 ⁇ 0.020, and the balance is iron.
- the invention provides a production process of non-quenched and tempered steel, comprising a cooling step performed at least after the finishing rolling step, in which the steel material is cooled by at least two stages of water cooling by alternating strong and weak cooling. So that the core temperature of the steel tends to coincide with the surface temperature for a certain period of time.
- the steel material in the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, in the cooling step, the steel material is cooled by three stages of water passage, wherein the first stage of water cooling is strongly cooled, and the second stage is water cooled. Weak cooling is used, and the third section is cooled by water.
- the strength of the cooling is controlled by controlling the degree of opening of the valve of the water-passing cooling device.
- the cooling step after the steel material is cooled by water penetration, it is lowered by 100 ° C to 400 ° C in 4 to 7 seconds, after the steel is returned to the temperature. Cool down again from 50 °C to 100 °C.
- the opening degree of the first stage valve is controlled to be 30% to 40%, and the opening degree of the second stage valve is 20%, and the third stage valve is opened.
- the degree is 30% ⁇ 40% to ensure that the steel surface temperature is lowered by 100 ° C ⁇ 400 ° C in 4 ⁇ 7 seconds.
- the steel material is cooled and cooled by spray cooling after the steel material is warmed up.
- the steel material is dispersed and placed on a cold bed for air cooling for 10 to 12 minutes.
- the steel materials are stacked and then subjected to a cover cooling.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention further includes a finishing rolling step before the cooling step, in which the temperature of the steel material entering the finishing rolling step is controlled to be ⁇ 850° ⁇ , at the steel temperature Low temperature rolling at 850 ° C ⁇ 900 ° C.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention further includes a smelting step before the finishing rolling step, and the smelting step includes an electric furnace smelting step, a ladle furnace smelting step, and a refining step which are sequentially performed.
- the whole iron smelting is adopted in the electric furnace smelting, the end phosphorus content is ⁇ 0.015%, the end carbon content is 0.03% ⁇ 0.10%, and the end temperature is 1620°C ⁇ 1700°. C.
- silicon carbide and ferrosilicon powder are used for deoxidation in the ladle furnace smelting step and/or the refining step.
- the refining step In the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, in the ladle furnace smelting step, white slag is formed, and the white slag is maintained for not less than 20 minutes. In the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, in the refining step, the refining time is ensured to be not less than 45 minutes, and the hydrogen content is controlled to be less than 1.5 ppm.
- a continuous casting step after the refining step is further included, in which the superheat degree is controlled at 20 to 35 ° C, and the pulling speed is controlled at 0.5. m/min ⁇ 0.6m/min.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention further includes a heating step after the continuous casting step, in which the slab is placed in a heating furnace for heating, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is controlled at 850 ⁇ 30 °C, the heating section temperature is controlled at 1100 ⁇ 30°C, the soaking section temperature is controlled at 1130 ⁇ 30°C, and the soaking section total time is not less than 2 hours.
- the invention provides a production process of non-quenched and tempered steel, which process comprises the following steps in sequence:
- Electric furnace smelting step providing molten iron raw material with desired steel composition, using full iron smelting in the electric furnace smelting, the end phosphorus content is ⁇ 0.015%, the end carbon content is 0.03% ⁇ 0.10%, and the end temperature is 1620°C ⁇ 1700 ° C ;
- heating step wherein the slab generated by the continuous casting step is placed in a heating furnace for heating, wherein the temperature of the preheating section is controlled at 850 ⁇ 30° C., and the temperature of the heating section is controlled at 1100 ⁇ 30° C., the soaking section The temperature is controlled at 1130 ⁇ 30°C, and the total time of the soaking section is not less than 2 hours;
- finishing rolling step wherein the temperature at which the steel material enters the finishing rolling step is ⁇ 850 ° C, and the low temperature rolling is performed at a steel temperature of 850 ° C to 900 ° C;
- Cooling step wherein the steel material is cooled by at least two stages of water passage in a manner of alternating strong and weak cooling so that the core temperature of the steel material and the surface temperature tend to coincide during cooling and cooling.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel changes the manner of cooling before the finish rolling in the production of the non-tempered steel in the past, at least after the finishing rolling step, and the cooling method is changed in the prior art.
- the cooling method with single water cooling or air cooling and strong consistency is used to alternate between strong cooling and weak cooling. Strong cooling can ensure the surface temperature of the steel is rapidly reduced.
- the weak cooling can gradually spread the temperature of the core of the steel to the surface, and then strengthen it.
- the combination of strong and weak cold water cooling method makes the temperature of the steel core and the surface temperature in a short time Convergence ensures uniformity of mechanical properties of the steel and increases production efficiency.
- the steel material is subjected to three-stage water-cooling, wherein the first stage of water-cooling is cooled by strong cooling, and the second section is cooled by water. Weak cooling is used, and the third section is cooled by water. After the finish rolling, the temperature of the steel is higher.
- the first stage is cooled by water
- the surface temperature of the steel is rapidly lowered. Due to the heat transfer, the heat of the core is gradually transferred to the surface after the surface temperature is lowered.
- a weak cooling method is adopted.
- the heat transfer causes the surface temperature to rise, and the surface is cooled again by the strong cooling method. Thereby, the surface heat is quickly taken away, and at this time, the heat transfer causes the surface temperature and the core temperature to converge, thereby ensuring uniformity of mechanical properties.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, in the cooling step, controlling the strength of the cooling by controlling the degree of opening of the valve of the water-passing cooling device, specifically, controlling the opening degree of the first stage valve to be 30% ⁇ 40%, the second valve opening is 20%, the third The opening degree of the segment valve is 30% ⁇ 40%, to ensure that the surface temperature of the steel is lowered by 100 ° C ⁇ 400 ° C in 4 ⁇ 7 seconds.
- the opening degree of the valve the water flow can be controlled, thereby controlling the strong water penetration cooling.
- the degree of weakness is very simple. After the valve is opened for a certain length, the steel is penetrated into the water for water treatment. When the steel is in the process of water penetration, the surface is cooled in all directions, ensuring uniformity of surface cooling.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, in the cooling step, after the steel material is returned to the temperature, the steel material is cooled and cooled by means of spray cooling.
- the method of spray cooling is a favorable supplement for water-cooling.
- the spray cooling can further diffuse the heat of the core to the surface, which ensures the consistency of the core and the surface temperature.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention, after the cooling and cooling, the steel material is dispersed and placed on a cold bed for air cooling for 10 - 12 minutes. After the spray is cooled, the steel is dispersed and placed on a cold bed for air cooling, which can further supplement the spray cooling, so that the surface heat is further lost.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel provided by the present invention after the air cooling, stacking the steel materials and performing cover cooling.
- Cover cold is a way of slow cooling.
- the steel is stacked and then cold-sealed, and cooled by water-cooling, spray cooling and air cooling. After the method, the surface temperature of the steel has reached the same level as the core temperature. At this time, the cooling rate is lowered by the cover cooling method, which is beneficial to improve the microstructure of the steel.
- the production process of the non-quenched and tempered steel ensures that the refining time is not less than 45 minutes and the hydrogen content is controlled to be less than 1.5 ppm in the refining step, and the refining process effectively controls the hydrogen content, which may be more Good solution to the risk of hydrogen cracking in subsequent steels; More time is available to make the ingredients more uniform; Give the inclusions more full floating time, effectively solve the problem of inclusion control, and make the finished product more pure.
- the superheat degree is strictly controlled at 20 ⁇ 35 ° C
- the pulling speed is controlled at 0.5 m / min ⁇ 0.6 m / min
- the low superheat of continuous casting ensures the quality of the slab.
- the non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the production process provided by the invention has a metallographic structure of 500 times and a ferrite and pearlite, and the actual grain size (100 times) is rated as 10 to 11 according to GB/T6394.
- the grain is fine and uniform, and the difference from the core to the edge is not more than 1.5.
- the mechanical properties of the steel surface and the core are uniform.
- the strength and toughness fluctuation from the core to the edge are small, which can effectively avoid the surface processing of general materials. After the larger, the mechanical properties can not meet the shortcomings of the use requirements.
- the difference from the core to the edge hardness is less than 30HB, which can effectively avoid the adverse effects on the tool and the processing when the hardness changes greatly, and the inclusion content is low and the purity is better. high.
- the core of the present invention is to improve the quality of the steel by substantially controlling the properties of the steel surface and the core by controlling the rolling and controlling the cooling step after rolling.
- Specific cooling controls include:
- the steel material is cooled by at least two stages of water passage in a manner of alternating strong and weak cooling, so that the core temperature of the steel material tends to coincide with the surface temperature in a certain time, specifically, after finish rolling
- the steel material is cooled by three stages of water passage, wherein the first section is cooled by water and cooled by strong cold, the second section is cooled by water, and the third section is cooled by water, and the concrete is cooled by water.
- the intensity of the cooling is controlled by controlling the degree of opening of the valve through the water cooling device.
- the strong cooling generally means cooling with a cooling rate of ⁇ 7 ° C / S; and the weak cooling means cooling with a cooling rate of 2-4 O / S.
- the cooling control is performed by the above method (especially, water-cooling), and the manner of cooling before the finish rolling in the production of the conventional non-quenched and tempered steel is changed, at least the cooling step is set after the finishing rolling step, and the cooling method is changed.
- a single water-cooling or air-cooling method with uniform strength is used to alternate between strong cooling and weak cooling, and strong cooling can ensure that the surface temperature of the steel is rapidly reduced, and the weak cooling can gradually spread the temperature of the steel core to the surface. Then, the strong cooling is carried out, so that the heat is quickly dissipated. According to the actual needs, the strong cooling and the weak cooling can be alternately performed multiple times.
- the combination of strong and weak cold water cooling means the temperature of the steel core in a short time.
- the temperature of the surface tends to be uniform, thereby ensuring the uniformity of the mechanical properties of the steel and improving the production efficiency.
- the subsequent joint control of spray cooling, air cooling and hood cooling causes the core temperature to continuously scatter to the surface, and the surface temperature is continuously taken away, and the combination of the above cooling methods makes the cooling rate comparison.
- the cover is cooled, so that the surface temperature of the steel is consistent with the core temperature, the cooling rate is not too fast, and the comprehensive mechanical properties are improved.
- Figure 1 is a metallographic picture of a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the production method of the present invention at a magnification of 500 times;
- Figure 2 is a photograph reflecting the grain size of a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the production method of the present invention
- Fig. 3 is a view showing the inclusion of non-tempered steel produced by the production method of the present invention.
- the embodiment provides a method for producing non-quenched and tempered steel, comprising a finishing rolling step and a cooling step after finishing rolling, wherein in the finishing rolling step, the temperature at which the control bar enters the finishing rolling step is ⁇ 850° ⁇ , low-temperature rolling at a bar temperature of 850 °C ⁇ 900 °C; after rolling, the steel is subjected to three-stage water-cooling through a professionally controllable water-cooling equipment. Cold, the second stage of water cooling uses weak cooling, and the third stage of water cooling uses strong cooling.
- the water flow rate is controlled by controlling the degree of opening of the valve of the water-passing cooling device, thereby controlling the cooling strength.
- the first section of the valve opening is 30% ⁇ 40%
- the second section of the valve opening is 20%
- the third section of the valve opening is 30% ⁇ 40%, to ensure that the bar surface temperature is reduced by 150 ° within 5s C ⁇ 400 °C, after the bar is returned to temperature, the bar is cooled by 50 °C ⁇ 100 °C by spray cooling, so that the heat is quickly dissipated, then the bar is dispersed and placed on a cold bed with air cooling. The method is cooled for 10-12 minutes, and finally the lower cooling bed will cool the bar stacking cover.
- the production method of the non-quenched and tempered steel of the embodiment is such that the rod is cooled by three stages of water-passing, wherein the first section of the water is cooled by strong cooling, the second section is cooled by water, and the third section is watered. Cool and use strong cold. After the finish rolling, the bar temperature is higher, and the first section is cooled by water, so that the surface temperature of the bar is rapidly lowered. Due to the heat transfer, the core heat is gradually turned to the surface after the surface temperature is lowered.
- the weak cooling method in order to transfer the heat of the core to the surface as much as possible, the weak cooling method is adopted in the second stage of water-cooling, so that more time is reserved for heat transfer to the core during the cooling process, after weak cooling, The heat transfer causes the surface temperature to rise, and the surface is quickly cooled by the strong cooling method, so that the surface heat is quickly taken away. At this time, the heat transfer causes the surface temperature and the core temperature to converge, thereby ensuring the mechanical properties. Uniformity. Example 2
- the present embodiment provides a method for producing non-quenched and tempered steel, which is a further improvement based on the embodiment 1, and further includes, in relation to the embodiment 1, a smelting step before the finishing rolling step, the smelting step
- the steps include an electric furnace smelting step, a ladle furnace smelting step, and a refining step.
- the whole iron smelting is adopted, and the phosphorus content before tapping is strictly controlled.
- the end carbon content is 0.03% ⁇ 0.10%
- the end temperature is 1670 °C ⁇ 1700 °C.
- the electric furnace smelting can better control the slag operation than the traditional converter smelting.
- the ladle furnace (LF furnace) smelting step silicon carbide and ferrosilicon powder are used for deoxidation, and lime is added to make white slag.
- the white slag is kept for not less than 20 minutes, so that the white slag can completely remove inclusions.
- degassing is carried out to ensure that the hydrogen content is controlled below 1.5 ppm, and the refining time is not less than 45 minutes.
- the present embodiment provides a method for producing non-quenched and tempered steel, which is a further improvement based on the embodiment 1 or 2.
- the continuous casting step and the heating step are improved, the continuous casting step and the heating step Both are located after the refining step and before the rolling step and the water-cooling step.
- the molten iron in the tundish is introduced into the crystallizer through the intrusive nozzle, thereby avoiding the problem of easy introduction of air when introduced through the conventional nozzle, and argon gas is blown at the joint of the immersion nozzle and the tundish to avoid Air enters the tundish, the superheat is strictly controlled at 23 ⁇ 35 °C, the pulling speed is controlled at 0.5m/min ⁇ 0.6m / min, continuous casting Low superheat and low pulling speed ensure the quality of the slab.
- the temperature at the cutting after continuous casting is controlled at ⁇ 820 °C. After cutting, the surface of the slab should be inspected manually to ensure that there are no obvious defects.
- the slab is taken at a low magnification to ensure that the slab has no cracks and no shrinkage holes.
- the looseness is not more than grade 3.
- the requirement is to ensure the surface of the subsequently rolled bar and the low-quality.
- the preheating section is 850 ⁇ 30°C, and the heating section is 1100. ⁇ 30 ° C, 1130 ⁇ 30 ° C in the soaking section, to ensure that the total heat period is not less than 2 hours.
- the metallographic structure of the non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the production method provided by the embodiment is 500 times at a magnification of ferrite and pearlite (shown in FIG. 1), the actual grain size (100 times), according to GB/
- the T6394 has a rating of about 10 (shown in Figure 2).
- the grain is fine and uniform.
- the difference from the core to the edge is not more than 1.5.
- the mechanical properties of the steel surface and the core are uniform.
- the strength and toughness fluctuate from the core to the edge. It is very small, which can effectively avoid the shortcomings of the general material after the surface processing amount is large, the mechanical properties can not meet the requirements of use.
- the difference from the core to the edge hardness is less than 30HB, which can effectively avoid the tool and processing caused by the hardness change. Adverse effects, and low inclusion content, high purity ( Figure 3).
- This example provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 1, which consists of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.35, silicon 0.30, manganese 1.60, chromium 0.20, aluminum 0.02, nickel 0.10, copper 0.20, phosphorus 0.015, sulfur 0.02, vanadium 0.05, nitrogen 0.012, and the balance is iron.
- This embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 1, which is composed of the following chemical components: carbon 0.47, silicon 0.40, manganese 1.40, chromium 0.10, aluminum 0.030, copper 0.10, phosphorus 0.02, sulfur 0.02, vanadium 0.05, nitrogen 0.020, and the balance is iron.
- This embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Embodiment 1, It consists of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.40, silicon 0.50, manganese 1.50, chromium 0.30, aluminum 0.010, nickel 0.08, copper 0.08, phosphorus 0.01, ⁇ 1 0.025, vanadium 0.15, nitrogen 0.018, and the balance iron.
- This embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 2, which is composed of the following chemical components: carbon 0.46, silicon 0.60, manganese 1.20, aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.10, copper 0.20, phosphorus 0.008, sulfur 0.023, vanadium 0.080, nitrogen 0.020, and the balance is iron.
- This embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 2, which is composed of the following chemical components: carbon 0.46, silicon 0.55, manganese 1.25, chromium 0.00 to 0.10, aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.05 , copper 0.08, phosphorus 0.010, sulfur 0.10, vanadium 0.080, nitrogen 0.012, and the balance is iron.
- This embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 2, which is composed of the following chemical components: carbon 0.38, silicon 0.40, manganese 1.28, chromium 0.08, aluminum 0.015, nickel 0.06, copper. 0.15, phosphorus 0.025, sulfur 0.040, vanadium 0.050, nitrogen 0.019, and the balance is iron.
- the examples provide a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 3, which consists of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.39, silicon 0.58, manganese 1.50, chromium 0.15, aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.09, copper 0.16 , phosphorus 0.030, sulfur 0.050, vanadium 0.080, nitrogen 0.019, and the balance is iron.
- the embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 3, which is composed of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.47, silicon 0.58, manganese 1.48, chromium 0.25, Aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.09, copper 0.15, sulfur 0.020, vanadium 0.250, nitrogen 0.020, and the balance iron.
- the embodiment provides a non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the method described in Example 3, which is composed of the following chemical composition: carbon 0.38, silicon 0.58, manganese 1.28, chromium 0.25, aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.08, phosphorus 0.020 Sulfur 0.020, vanadium 0.250, nitrogen 0.015, and the balance is iron.
- the metallographic structure at a magnification of 500 times of the core is both ferrite and pearlite (as shown in Fig. 1), and the actual grain size (100 times), according to GB
- the /T6394 rating is 10 ⁇ 11 (as shown in Figure 2), the grain is small, uniform, the difference from the core to the edge is not more than 1.5, the mechanical properties of the steel surface and the core are uniform, from the core to the edge
- the strength and toughness fluctuations are very small, which can effectively avoid the shortcomings of the general material after the surface processing amount is large, the mechanical properties can not meet the requirements of use, and the hardness difference from the core to the edge is less than 30HB, which can effectively avoid the tool when the hardness changes greatly.
- the adverse effects of processing, and low inclusion content, high purity (as shown in Figure 3).
- the mechanical property data of the above Examples 4-12 are shown in Table 1 below.
- Table 1 the non-quenched and tempered steel produced by the production method provided by the present invention has yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, and surface shrinkage.
- the comprehensive mechanical properties such as rate and impact absorption work are excellent, and it can be seen from the performance data in Table 1 that the production method provided by Example 3 of the present invention, and the chemical composition of the steel is carbon 0.47, silicon 0.58, manganese 1.48. , chromium 0.25, aluminum 0.025, nickel 0.09, copper 0.15, sulfur 0.020, vanadium 0.250, nitrogen 0.020, and balance iron, this example has the best overall mechanical properties, ie, the overall mechanical properties of Example 11 are the best.
- This embodiment provides a versatile non-quenched and tempered steel production method which starts with a smelting step including an electric furnace smelting step, a ladle furnace smelting step, and a refining step which are sequentially performed.
- a smelting step including an electric furnace smelting step, a ladle furnace smelting step, and a refining step which are sequentially performed.
- the electric furnace smelting step the whole iron smelting is adopted, the phosphorus content before tapping is strictly controlled ⁇ 0.015%, the end carbon content is 0.03% ⁇ 0.10%, and the end temperature is 1670°C - 1700°C.
- the electric furnace smelting can be more than the traditional converter smelting. Good control of slag operation.
- the ladle furnace (LF furnace) smelting step silicon carbide and ferrosilicon powder are used for deoxidation, and lime is added to make white slag.
- the white slag is kept for not less than 20 minutes, so that the white slag can completely remove the inclusions.
- the refining furnace (VD furnace) smelting step degassing is carried out to ensure that the hydrogen content is controlled below 1.5 ppm, and the refining time is not less than 45 minutes.
- the continuous casting step is carried out after the refining step.
- the molten iron in the tundish is introduced into the crystallizer through the intrusive nozzle, avoiding the introduction through the conventional nozzle It is easy to introduce air.
- argon gas is blown at the joint between the immersion nozzle and the tundish to prevent air from entering the tundish.
- the superheat is strictly controlled at 23 ⁇ 35 °C, and the pulling speed is controlled at 0.5m/min ⁇ 0.6. m/ min, the low superheat and continuous drawing speed of continuous casting ensure the quality of the slab.
- the temperature at the cutting after continuous casting is controlled at ⁇ 820 °C. After cutting, the surface of the slab should be inspected manually to ensure that there are no obvious defects.
- the slab is taken at a low magnification to ensure that the slab has no cracks and no shrinkage holes.
- the looseness is not more than grade 3.
- the requirement is to ensure the surface of the subsequently rolled bar and the low-quality.
- the preheating section is 850 ⁇ 30°C. 1100 ⁇ 30°C
- the soaking section is 1130 ⁇ 30°C
- the total time of the soaking section is not less than 2 hours.
- a finishing rolling step and a cooling step are performed; in the finishing rolling step, the temperature at which the bar is controlled to enter the finishing rolling step is ⁇ 850 ° C, and the bar temperature is at 850 ° C to 900 ° C.
- Low-temperature rolling after rolling, the steel is subjected to three-stage water-cooling through a professionally controllable water-cooling equipment. The first stage of water-cooling uses strong cooling, the second stage of water-cooling uses weak cooling, and the third stage wears cold. Water cooling uses strong cooling.
- the water flow rate is controlled by controlling the degree of opening of the valve of the water-passing cooling device, thereby controlling the cooling strength.
- the first-stage valve opening degree is 30% to 40%
- the second stage The valve opening is 20%
- the third valve opening is 30% ⁇ 40%, which can reduce the surface temperature of the bar from 150 °C to 400 °C within 5s.
- the bar is cooled from 50 °C to 100 °C, so that the heat is quickly dissipated.
- the bar is dispersed and placed on a cold bed and cooled by air cooling for 10-12 minutes. Finally, the bar is cooled by a superheated cover.
- the rod is subjected to three-stage water-cooling, wherein the first stage of water-cooling adopts strong cooling, the second stage of water-cooling adopts weak cooling, and the third section adopts water-cooling. Strong cold.
- the bar temperature is higher, and the first section is cooled by water, so that the surface temperature of the bar is rapidly lowered. Due to the heat transfer, the core heat is gradually turned to the surface after the surface temperature is lowered. Pass, in order to make The heat of the core is transferred to the surface as much as possible, and the weak cooling method is adopted in the second stage of water-cooling so that more time is reserved for heat transfer to the core during cooling, and after weak cooling, the heat is transferred to the surface.
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Abstract
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- 2013-12-03 WO PCT/CN2013/088383 patent/WO2015043061A1/zh active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104046914A (zh) | 2014-09-17 |
US20160230247A1 (en) | 2016-08-11 |
JP2016540881A (ja) | 2016-12-28 |
EP3050994A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
CN104046914B (zh) | 2015-11-18 |
EP3050994A4 (en) | 2017-04-05 |
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