WO2014202570A1 - Stabilized soluble pre-fusion rsv f polypeptides - Google Patents

Stabilized soluble pre-fusion rsv f polypeptides Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014202570A1
WO2014202570A1 PCT/EP2014/062655 EP2014062655W WO2014202570A1 WO 2014202570 A1 WO2014202570 A1 WO 2014202570A1 EP 2014062655 W EP2014062655 W EP 2014062655W WO 2014202570 A1 WO2014202570 A1 WO 2014202570A1
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Prior art keywords
rsv
amino acid
fusion
seq
mutation
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PCT/EP2014/062655
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French (fr)
Inventor
Johannes Petrus Maria Langedijk
Anders KRARUP
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Crucell Holland B.V.
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Priority to SG11201510216RA priority Critical patent/SG11201510216RA/en
Priority to CA2914792A priority patent/CA2914792C/en
Application filed by Crucell Holland B.V. filed Critical Crucell Holland B.V.
Priority to MX2015017771A priority patent/MX362792B/en
Priority to US14/899,531 priority patent/US10294279B2/en
Priority to EP14731940.4A priority patent/EP3010931B1/en
Priority to AU2014283334A priority patent/AU2014283334B2/en
Priority to CN201480034307.1A priority patent/CN105408348B/en
Priority to JP2016520435A priority patent/JP6679475B2/en
Priority to BR112015031509-7A priority patent/BR112015031509B1/en
Priority to AP2015008893A priority patent/AP2015008893A0/en
Priority to KR1020167000649A priority patent/KR102313153B1/en
Priority to NZ714594A priority patent/NZ714594B2/en
Priority to EA201690031A priority patent/EA034653B1/en
Publication of WO2014202570A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014202570A1/en
Priority to PH12015502735A priority patent/PH12015502735A1/en
Priority to IL243053A priority patent/IL243053B/en
Priority to ZA2015/09140A priority patent/ZA201509140B/en
Priority to HK16112203.0A priority patent/HK1223949A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • C07K14/08—RNA viruses
    • C07K14/115—Paramyxoviridae, e.g. parainfluenza virus
    • C07K14/135—Respiratory syncytial virus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
    • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12—Antivirals
    • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N7/00—Viruses; Bacteriophages; Compositions thereof; Preparation or purification thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
    • C07K2319/70—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction
    • C07K2319/73—Fusion polypeptide containing domain for protein-protein interaction containing coiled-coiled motif (leucine zippers)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18522—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
    • C12N2760/00011—Details
    • C12N2760/18011—Paramyxoviridae
    • C12N2760/18511—Pneumovirus, e.g. human respiratory syncytial virus
    • C12N2760/18534—Use of virus or viral component as vaccine, e.g. live-attenuated or inactivated virus, VLP, viral protein
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2999/00—Further aspects of viruses or vectors not covered by groups C12N2710/00 - C12N2796/00 or C12N2800/00
    • C12N2999/002—Adverse teaching

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of medicine.
  • the invention in particular relates to recombinant pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides and uses thereof, e.g. in immunogenic compositions.
  • Respiratory syncytial virus is an enveloped non-segmented negative- strand RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus.
  • RSV Respiratory syncytial virus
  • the most severe disease occurs particularly in premature infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals.
  • RSV is the most common respiratory tract pathogen, accounting for approximately 50% of the hospitalizations due to respiratory infections, with a peak of hospitalization occurring at 2-4 months of age. It has been reported that almost all children have been infected by RSV by the age of two. Repeated infection during lifetime is attributed to ineffective natural immunity.
  • the level of RSV disease burden, mortality and morbidity in the elderly are second only to those caused by non-pandemic influenza A infections.
  • RSV To infect a host cell, RSV, like other enveloped viruses such as influenza virus and HIV, require fusion of the viral membrane with a host cell membrane.
  • RSV conserved fusion protein
  • the conserved fusion protein fuses the viral and host cell cellular membranes.
  • the RSV F protein initially folds into a "pre-fusion" conformation.
  • the metastable structure has recently been solved in complex with a stabilizing neutralizing antibody Fab fragment (McLellan et al., Science 340(6136): ! 1 13-7, 2013).
  • the pre-fusion conformation undergoes refolding and conformational changes to its "post-fusion" conformation (McLellan, J.
  • the RSV F protein is a metastable protein that drives membrane fusion by coupling irreversible protein refolding to membrane juxtaposition by initially folding into a metastable form (pre-fusion conformation) that subsequently undergoes discrete/stepwise conformational changes to a lower energy conformation (post-fusion conformation).
  • a vaccine against RSV infection is not currently available, but is desired.
  • Vaccine candidates based on the RSV F protein have failed due to problems with e.g. stability, purity, reproducibility, and potency.
  • crystal structures have revealed a large conformational change between the pre-fusion and post-fusion states. The magnitude of the rearrangement suggested that only a portion of antibodies directed to the post- fusion conformation of RSV-F will be able to cross react with the native conformation of the pre-fusion spike on the surface of the virus.
  • the present invention provides stable, recombinant, pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) polypeptides, i.e. recombinant RSV F polypeptides that are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation.
  • RSV F polypeptides of the invention comprise at least one epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are soluble.
  • the invention also provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention and vectors comprising such nucleic acid molecules.
  • the invention also relates to compositions, preferably immunogenic compositions, comprising a RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, and to the use thereof in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein, in particular use thereof as a vaccine.
  • the invention also relates to methods for inducing an anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule encoding said RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule.
  • the induced immune response is characterized by neutralizing antibodies to RSV and/or protective immunity against RSV.
  • the invention relates to a method for inducing neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein antibodies in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an immunogenic composition comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule encoding said RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule.
  • RSV neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus
  • FIG. 3 A) Superdex200 gel filtration chromatogram of the eluate PreF N67I E161P S215P, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 91) from the ion-exchange column. B) SDS-PAGE analysis of the prefusion F protein containing peak from the SEC chromatogram under reducing conditions. C) NativePAGE analysis of purified RSV prefusion F protein (SEQID NO: 91 , Lane 2) compared to purified RSV prefusion F double mutant (SEQ ID NO: 21 , Lane 1).
  • FIG. 4 VNA titers of mice at week 6 after a prime boost at week 0 and 4 with immunogens and doses according to Table 14.
  • FIG. 5 VNA titers of cotton rats at week 7 after a prime boost at week 0 and 4 with immunogens and doses according to Table 15.
  • FIG. 6 Lung and nose viral load at 5 days after i.n. RSV challenge.
  • the fusion protein (F) of the respiratory syncictial virus (RSV) is involved in fusion of the viral membrane with a host cell membrane, which is required for infection.
  • the RSV F mRNA is translated into a 574 amino acid precursor protein designated FO, which contains a signal peptide sequence at the N-terminus (e.g. amino acid residues 1-26 of SEQ ID NO: 1) that is removed by a signal peptidase in the endoplasmic reticulum.
  • FO is cleaved at two sites
  • the Fl domain (amino acid residues 137-574) contains a hydrophobic fusion peptide at its N-terminus and the C-terminus contains the transmembrane (TM) (amino acid residues 530-550) and cytoplasmic region (amino acid residues 551-574).
  • the F2 domain (amino acid residues 27- 109) is covalently linked to Fl by two disulfide bridges.
  • the F1 -F2 heterodimers are assembled as homotrimers in the virion.
  • a vaccine against RSV infection is not currently available, but is desired.
  • One potential approach to producing a vaccine is a subunit vaccine based on purified RSV F protein.
  • the purified RSV F protein is in a conformation which resembles the conformation of the pre-fusion state of RSV F protein, that is stable over time, and can be produced in sufficient quantities.
  • the RSV F protein needs to be truncated by deletion of the transmembrane (TM) and the cytoplasmic region to create a soluble secreted F protein (sF).
  • the anchorless soluble F protein is considerably more labile than the full-length protein and will readily refold into the post-fusion end-state. In order to obtain soluble F protein in the stable pre-fusion conformation that shows high expression levels and high stability, the pre-fusion conformation thus needs to be stabilized.
  • the GCN4-pII peptide in which the amino acid sequence of the GCN4 Leucine zipper was substituted with Isoleucine residues at every a and d position of the heptad, was shown to form a triple stranded parallel alpha-helical coiled coil (Harbury et al., Science 262: 1401-1407 (1993)).
  • This fibritin domain or 'Foldon' is derived from T4 fibritin and was described earlier as an artificial natural trimerization domain (Letarov et al., Biochemistry Moscow 64: 817-823 (1993); S-Guthe et al., J. Mol. Biol. 337: 905-915. (2004)).
  • these efforts have not resulted in stable pre-fusion RSV-F protein.
  • these efforts have not yet resulted in candidates suitable for testing in humans.
  • the present invention now provides recombinant stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, i.e. RSV F polypeptides that are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation.
  • RSV F polypeptides that are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention are in the pre-fusion conformation, i.e. they comprise (display) at least one epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein.
  • An epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein is an epitope that is not presented in the post- fusion conformation.
  • RSV F protein may contain epitopes that are the same as those on the RSV F protein expressed on natural RSV virions, and therefore may provide advantages for eliciting protective neutralizing antibodies.
  • the polypeptides of the invention comprise at least one epitope that is recognized by a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 54, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 55, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 56 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 62, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 63, and a light chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 64 (hereafter referred to as CR9501) and/or a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 58, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 59, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 60 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 66, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain CDR3 region of
  • CR9501 and CR9502 comprise the heavy and light chain variable regions, and thus the binding specificities, of the antibodies 58C5 and 30D8, respectively, which have previously been shown to bind specifically to RSV F protein in its pre-fusion conformation and not to the post- fusion conformation (see WO2012/006596).
  • the recombinant pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise at least one epitope that is recognized by at least one pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody as described above and are trimeric.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention comprise an Fl domain and an F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation, as compared to wild-type Fl and F2 domains, selected from the group consisting of:
  • the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of:
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 67 and/or a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 215.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides thus comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 67 and/or a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 215, and at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
  • the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215, and wherein the polypeptides further comprise at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acids, linking the Fl domain and F2 domain.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention thus comprise an Fl domain and an F2 domain, and a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acid residues, linking said Fl domain to said F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (E161P, E161Q) or E161G);
  • the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215.
  • the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 (N/T67I) into I and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215 into P (S215P).
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention comprise a truncated Fl domain.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention thus comprise a truncated Fl domain and a F2 domain, and optionally a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acid residues, linking said truncated Fl domain to said F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
  • the polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215.
  • the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 (N/T67I) into I and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215 into P (S215P).
  • the polypeptides of the invention thus comprise at least one stabilizing mutation in the Fl and/or F2 domain as compared to the RSV Fl and/or F2 domain in a wild-type RSV F protein.
  • RSV exists as a single serotype having two antigenic subgroups: A and B.
  • the amino acid sequences of the mature processed F proteins of the two groups are about 93% identical.
  • the amino acid positions are given in reference to the sequence of RSV F protein from the A2 strain (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • the wording "the amino acid at position "x" of the RSV F protein thus means the amino acid corresponding to the amino acid at position "x" in the RSV F protein of the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the amino acid positions of the F protein are to be numbered with reference to the numbering of the F protein of the A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1 by aligning the sequences of the other RSV strain with the F protein of SEQ ID NO: 1 with the insertion of gaps as needed.
  • An amino acid according to the invention can be any of the twenty naturally occurring (or 'standard' amino acids) or variants thereof, such as e.g. D-amino acids (the D-enantiomers of amino acids with a chiral center), or any variants that are not naturally found in proteins, such as e.g. norleucine.
  • the standard amino acids can be divided into several groups based on their properties. Important factors are charge, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, size and functional groups. These properties are important for protein structure and protein-protein interactions.
  • amino acids have special properties such as cysteine, that can form covalent disulfide bonds (or disulfide bridges) to other cysteine residues, proline that induces turns of the polypeptide backbone, and glycine that is more flexible than other amino acids.
  • Table 17 shows the abbreviations and properties of the standard amino acids.
  • the mutations can be made to the protein by routine molecular biology procedures.
  • the mutations according to the invention preferably result in increased expression levels and/or increased stabilization of the pre-fusion SV F
  • polypeptides as compared RSV F polypeptides that do not comprise these mutation(s).
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are full length.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are soluble.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a heterologous trimerization domain linked to said truncated Fl domain.
  • a heterologous trimerization domain to the C-terminal amino acid residue of a truncated Fl domain, optionally combined with a linking sequence linking the Fl and F2 domain and the stabilizing mutation(s)
  • RSV F polypeptides show high expression and that bind to pre-fusion-specific antibodies, indicating that the polypeptides are in the pre-fusion conformation.
  • the RSV F polypeptides are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation, i.e. even after processing of the polypeptides they still bind to the pre-fusion specific antibodies CR9501 and/or CR9502, indicating that the pre-fusion specific epitope is retained.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise one or more further mutations (as compared to the wild-type RSV F protein), selected from the group consisting of:
  • the one or more further mutations are selected from the group consisting of:
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in combination with D489C or E487C.
  • D486C amino acid residue D on position 486 into C
  • E487C amino acid residue D486C
  • double mutations to two extra cysteine residues result in an inter- subunit disulfide bridge between the Fl proteins to establish a covalent bond between the protomers and to stabilize the pre-fusion RSV F structure.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise at least two mutations (as compared to a wild-type RV F protein). In certain embodiments, the polypeptides comprise at least three mutations.
  • polypeptides comprise at least four, five or six mutations.
  • the heterologous trimerization domain comprises the amino acid sequence EKKIEAIEKKIEAIEKKIEA (SEQ ID NO: 3). In certain other embodiments, the heterologous trimerization domain comprises the amino acid sequence
  • GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 4).
  • the polypeptides of the invention comprise a truncated Fl domain.
  • a "truncated" Fl domain refers to a Fl domain that is not a full length Fl domain, i.e. wherein either N-terminally or C-terminally one or more amino acid residues have been deleted.
  • at least the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail have been deleted to permit expression as a soluble ectodomain.
  • the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 495 of the RSV F protein (referring to SEQ ID NO: 1), i.e. the C-terminal part of the Fl domain starting from amino acid residue 496 (referring to SEQ ID NO: 1) has been deleted. In certain other embodiments, the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 513 of the RSV F protein.
  • the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491 , 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 , 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521 , 522, 523, 524 or 525.
  • the trimerization domain is linked to amino acid residue 495 of the RSV Fl -domain. In certain embodiments, the trimerization domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 and is linked to amino acid residue 495 of the RSV Fl domain. In certain other embodiments, the trimerization domain is linked to amino acid residue 513 of the RSV Fl domain. In certain embodiments, the trimerization domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 3 and is linked to amino acid residue 513 of the RSV Fl domain.
  • the Fl domain which is optionally truncated, and the F2 domain are linked by a linking sequence, linking the C-terminal amino acid of the F2 domain to the N-terminal amino acid of the (optionally truncated) F2 domain.
  • the linking sequence comprises from 1-10 amino acid residues, preferable from 2-9 amino acid residues, preferably from 3-8 amino acid residues, preferably from 4-7 amino acid residues, more preferably the linker comprises 5 or 6 amino acid residues.
  • Numerous conformationally neutral linkers are known in the art that can be used according to the invention without disrupting the conformation of the pre-fusion RVS F polypeptides.
  • the linker comprises the amino acid sequence GSGSG (SEQ ID NO: 5).
  • the Fl domain and/or the F domain are from an RSV A strain. In certain embodiments the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
  • the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 69.
  • the Fl domain and/or the F domain are from an RSV B strain. In certain embodiments the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV B strain of SEQ ID NO: 2.
  • the Fl and F2 domain are from the same RSV strain.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are chimeric polypeptides, i.e. comprising Fl and F2 domains that are from different RSV strains.
  • the level of expression of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention is increased, as compared to a full length wild-type RSV F polypeptide or a wild- type ectodomain (i.e. without the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region) without the mutation(s).
  • the level of expression is increased at least 5-fold, preferably up to 10-fold. In certain embodiments, the level of expression is increased more than 10-fold.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention are stable, i.e. do not readily change into the post-fusion conformation upon processing of the polypeptides, such as e.g. purification, freeze-thaw cycles, and/or storage etc.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention have an increased stability upon storage a 4°C as compared to a RSV F polypeptide without the mutation(s).
  • the polypeptides are stable upon storage at 4°C for at least 30 days, preferably at least 60 days, preferably at least 6 months, even more preferably at least 1 year.
  • stable upon storage it is meant that the polypeptides still display the at least one epitope specific for the a pre-fusion specific antibody (e.g. CR9501) upon storage of the polypeptide in solution (e.g. culture medium) at 4° C for at least 30 days, e.g. as determined using a method as described in Example 8 or 10.
  • the polypeptides display the at least one pre-fusion specific epitope for at least 6 months, preferably for at least 1 year upon storage of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides at 4°C.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention have an increased stability when subjected to heat, as compared to RSV F polypeptides without said mutation(s).
  • the pre-fusion REV F polypeptides are heat stable for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of 55° C, preferably at 58° C, more preferably at 60° C
  • heat stable it is meant that the polypeptides still display the at least one pe-fusion specific epitope after having been subjected for at least 30 minutes to an increased temperature (i.e. a temperature of 55°C or above), e.g. as determined using a method as described in Example 9.
  • the polypeptides display the at least one pre-fusion specific epitope after being subjected to 1 to 6 freeze-thaw cycles in an appropriate formulation buffer.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide of the invention comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 90-94. In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide of the invention consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 90-94.
  • nucleotide sequences are provided from 5' to 3' direction, and amino acid sequences from N-terminus to C-terminus, as custom in the art.
  • the encoded polypeptides according to the invention further comprise a leader sequence, also referred to as signal sequence or signal peptide, corresponding to amino acids 1-26 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 69.
  • a leader sequence also referred to as signal sequence or signal peptide, corresponding to amino acids 1-26 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 69.
  • the polypeptides according to the invention do not comprise a leader sequence.
  • the polypeptides comprise a HIS-Tag.
  • polyhistidine-tag is an amino acid motif in proteins that consists of at least five histidine (H) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein, which is generally used for purification purposes.
  • the polypeptides do not comprise a HIS-Tag. According to the invention, it has surprisingly been shown that when the HIS -tag is deleted the level of expression and the stability are increased as compared to polypeptides with a HIS-tag.
  • the present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the RSV F polypeptides according to the invention.
  • the nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides according to the invention are codon-optimized for expression in mammalian cells, preferably human cells. Methods of codon-optimization are known and have been described previously (e.g. WO 96/09378).
  • a sequence is considered codon-optimized if at least one non-preferred codon as compared to a wild type sequence is replaced by a codon that is more preferred.
  • a non- preferred codon is a codon that is used less frequently in an organism than another codon coding for the same amino acid
  • a codon that is more preferred is a codon that is used more frequently in an organism than a non-preferred codon.
  • the frequency of codon usage for a specific organism can be found in codon frequency tables, such as in
  • non-preferred codon preferably most or all non-preferred codons
  • codons that are more preferred.
  • most frequently used codons in an organism are used in a codon-optimized sequence. Replacement by preferred codons generally leads to higher expression.
  • nucleic acid molecules can encode the same polypeptide as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code. It is also understood that skilled persons may, using routine techniques, make nucleotide substitutions that do not affect the polypeptide sequence encoded by the nucleic acid molecules to reflect the codon usage of any particular host organism in which the polypeptides are to be expressed. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, a "nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence" includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that encode the same amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and RNA may or may not include introns.
  • Nucleic acid sequences can be cloned using routine molecular biology techniques, or generated de novo by DNA synthesis, which can be performed using routine procedures by service companies having business in the field of DNA synthesis and/or molecular cloning (e.g. GeneArt, GenScripts, Invitrogen, Eurofins).
  • the invention also provides vectors comprising a nucleic acid molecule as described above.
  • a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention thus is part of a vector.
  • Such vectors can easily be manipulated by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, and can for instance be designed for being capable of replication in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells.
  • many vectors can be used for transformation of eukaryotic cells and will integrate in whole or in part into the genome of such cells, resulting in stable host cells comprising the desired nucleic acid in their genome.
  • the vector used can be any vector that is suitable for cloning DNA and that can be used for transcription of a nucleic acid of interest. Suitable vectors according to the invention are e.g.
  • adenovectors such as e.g. Ad26 or Ad35, alphavirus, paramyxovirus, vaccinia virus, herpes virus, retroviral vectors etc.
  • Ad26 or Ad35 alphavirus
  • paramyxovirus paramyxovirus
  • vaccinia virus vaccinia virus
  • herpes virus retroviral vectors etc.
  • retroviral vectors etc.
  • the person skilled in the art is capable of choosing suitable expression vectors, and inserting the nucleic acid sequences of the invention in a functional manner.
  • Host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules encoding the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides form also part of the invention.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides may be produced through recombinant DNA technology involving expression of the molecules in host cells, e.g. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, tumor cell lines, BHK cells, human cell lines such as HEK293 cells, PER.C6 cells, or yeast, fungi, insect cells, and the like, or transgenic animals or plants.
  • the cells are from a multicellular organism, in certain embodiments they are of vertebrate or invertebrate origin.
  • the cells are mammalian cells.
  • the cells are human cells.
  • the production of a recombinant proteins, such the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention, in a host cell comprises the introduction of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide in expressible format into the host cell, culturing the cells under conditions conducive to expression of the nucleic acid molecule and allowing expression of the polypeptide in said cell.
  • the nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein in expressible format may be in the form of an expression cassette, and usually requires sequences capable of bringing about expression of the nucleic acid, such as enhancer(s), promoter, polyadenylation signal, and the like.
  • enhancer(s) promoter
  • polyadenylation signal and the like.
  • Promoters can be constitutive or regulated, and can be obtained from various sources, including viruses, prokaryotic, or eukaryotic sources, or artificially designed.
  • Cell culture media are available from various vendors, and a suitable medium can be routinely chosen for a host cell to express the protein of interest, here the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides.
  • the suitable medium may or may not contain serum.
  • a "heterologous nucleic acid molecule” (also referred to herein as 'transgene') is a nucleic acid molecule that is not naturally present in the host cell. It is introduced into for instance a vector by standard molecular biology techniques.
  • a transgene is generally operably linked to expression control sequences. This can for instance be done by placing the nucleic acid encoding the transgene(s) under the control of a promoter. Further regulatory sequences may be added. Many promoters can be used for expression of a transgene(s), and are known to the skilled person, e.g. these may comprise viral, mammalian, synthetic promoters, and the like.
  • a non-limiting example of a suitable promoter for obtaining expression in eukaryotic cells is a CMV-promoter (US 5,385,839), e.g. the CMV immediate early promoter, for instance comprising nt. -735 to +95 from the CMV immediate early gene enhancer/promoter.
  • a polyadenylation signal for example the bovine growth hormone polyA signal (US 5,122,458), may be present behind the transgene(s).
  • several widely used expression vectors are available in the art and from commercial sources, e.g.
  • pcDNA and pEF vector series of Invitrogen pMSCV and pTK-Hyg from BD Sciences, pCMV-Script from Stratagene, etc, which can be used to recombinantly express the protein of interest, or to obtain suitable promoters and/or transcription terminator sequences, polyA sequences, and the like.
  • the cell culture can be any type of cell culture, including adherent cell culture, e.g. cells attached to the surface of a culture vessel or to microcarriers, as well as suspension culture.
  • adherent cell culture e.g. cells attached to the surface of a culture vessel or to microcarriers
  • suspension culture Most large-scale suspension cultures are operated as batch or fed-batch processes because they are the most straightforward to operate and scale up.
  • continuous processes based on perfusion principles are becoming more common and are also suitable.
  • Suitable culture media are also well known to the skilled person and can generally be obtained from commercial sources in large quantities, or custom-made according to standard protocols. Culturing can be done for instance in dishes, roller bottles or in bioreactors, using batch, fed-batch, continuous systems and the like. Suitable conditions for culturing cells are known (see e.g.
  • the invention further provides compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, as described above.
  • the invention thus provides compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide that displays an epitope that is present in a pre-fusion conformation of the RSV F protein but is absent in the post-fusion conformation.
  • the invention also provides compositions comprising a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, encoding such pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide.
  • the invention further provides immunogenic compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, as described above.
  • the invention also provides the use of a stabilized pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, according to the invention, for inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject. Further provided are methods for inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, according to the invention. Also provided are pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, and/or vectors, according to the invention for use in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject. Further provided is the use of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, and/or nucleic acid molecules, and/or vectors according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for use in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, or vectors of the invention may be used for prevention (prophylaxis) and/or treatment of RSV infections.
  • the prevention and/or treatment may be targeted at patient groups that are susceptible RSV infection.
  • patient groups include, but are not limited to e.g., the elderly (e.g. > 50 years old, > 60 years old, and preferably > 65 years old), the young (e.g. ⁇ 5 years old, ⁇ 1 year old), hospitalized patients and patients who have been treated with an antiviral compound but have shown an inadequate antiviral response.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules and/or vectors according to the invention may be used e.g. in stand-alone treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition caused by RSV, or in combination with other prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatments, such as (existing or future) vaccines, antiviral agents and/or monoclonal antibodies.
  • the invention further provides methods for preventing and/or treating RSV infection in a subject utilizing the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules and/or vectors according to the invention.
  • a method for preventing and/or treating RSV infection in a subject comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, as described above.
  • a therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of a polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule or vector, that is effective for preventing, ameliorating and/or treating a disease or condition resulting from infection by RSV.
  • Prevention encompasses inhibiting or reducing the spread of RSV or inhibiting or reducing the onset, development or progression of one or more of the symptoms associated with infection by RSV.
  • Amelioration as used in herein may refer to the reduction of visible or perceptible disease symptoms, viremia, or any other measurable manifestation of RSV infection.
  • the invention may employ pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable means that the carrier or excipient, at the dosages and concentrations employed, will not cause any unwanted or harmful effects in the subjects to which they are administered.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients are well known in the art (see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, A. R. Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Company [ 1990]; Pharmaceutical Formulation Development of Peptides and Proteins, S. Frokjaer and L.
  • the RSV F polypeptides, or nucleic acid molecules preferably are formulated and administered as a sterile solution although it may also be possible to utilize lyophilized preparations.
  • Sterile solutions are prepared by sterile filtration or by other methods known per se in the art. The solutions are then lyophilized or filled into pharmaceutical dosage containers.
  • the pH of the solution generally is in the range of pH 3.0 to 9.5, e.g. pH 5.0 to 7.5.
  • the RSV F polypeptides typically are in a solution having a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, and the composition may also contain a salt.
  • Optionally stabilizing agent may be present, such as albumin.
  • detergent is added.
  • the RSV F polypeptides may be formulated into an injectable preparation.
  • a composition according to the invention further comprises one or more adjuvants.
  • adjuvants are known in the art to further increase the immune response to an applied antigenic determinant.
  • adjuvant and “immune stimulant” are used.
  • an adjuvant is used to enhance an immune response to the RSV F polypeptides of the invention.
  • suitable adjuvants include aluminium salts such as aluminium hydroxide and/or aluminium phosphate; oil-emulsion compositions (or oil-in-water compositions), including squalene-water emulsions, such as MF59 (see e.g. WO 90/14837);
  • saponin formulations such as for example QS21 and Immunostimulating Complexes (ISCOMS) (see e.g. US 5,057,540; WO 90/03184, WO 96/1 171 1, WO 2004/004762, WO 2005/002620); bacterial or microbial derivatives, examples of which are monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), 3-0- deacylated MPL (3dMPL), CpG-motif containing oligonucleotides, ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins or mutants thereof, such as E. coli heat labile enterotoxin LT, cholera toxin CT, and the like; eukaryotic proteins (e.g.
  • compositions of the invention comprise aluminium as an adjuvant, e.g. in the form of aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, aluminium potassium phosphate, or combinations thereof, in concentrations of 0.05 - 5 mg, e.g. from 0.075-1.0 mg, of aluminium content per dose.
  • the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides may also be administered in combination with or conjugated to nanoparticles, such as e.g. polymers, liposomes, virosomes, virus-like particles.
  • nanoparticles such as e.g. polymers, liposomes, virosomes, virus-like particles.
  • the pre-fusion F polypeptides may be combined with, encapsidated in or conjugated to the nanoparticles with or without adjuvant. Encapsulation within liposomes is described, e.g. in US 4,235,877. Conjugation to macromolecules is disclosed, for example in US 4,372,945 or US 4,474,757.
  • compositions do not comprise adjuvants.
  • the invention provides methods for making a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), comprising providing a composition according to the invention and formulating it into a pharmaceutically acceptable composition.
  • RSV respiratory syncytial virus
  • the term "vaccine” refers to an agent or composition containing an active component effective to induce a certain degree of immunity in a subject against a certain pathogen or disease, which will result in at least a decrease (up to complete absence) of the severity, duration or other manifestation of symptoms associated with infection by the pathogen or the disease.
  • the vaccine comprises an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide and/or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule, which results in an immune response against the F protein of RSV.
  • it may be a combination vaccine that further comprises other components that induce an immune response, e.g. against other proteins of RSV and/or against other infectious agents.
  • the administration of further active components may for instance be done by separate administration or by administering combination products of the vaccines of the invention and the further active components.
  • compositions may be administered to a subject, e.g. a human subject.
  • the total dose of the RSV F polypeptides in a composition for a single administration can for instance be about 0.01 ⁇ g to about 10 mg, e.g. 1 g— 1 mg, e.g. 10 ⁇ g - 100 g. Determining the recommended dose will be carried out by experimentation and is routine for those skilled in the art.
  • compositions according to the invention can be performed using standard routes of administration.
  • Non-limiting embodiments include parenteral administration, such as intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transcutaneous, or mucosal administration, e.g. intranasal, oral, and the like.
  • a composition is administered by intramuscular injection.
  • the skilled person knows the various possibilities to administer a composition, e.g. a vaccine in order to induce an immune response to the antigen(s) in the vaccine.
  • a subject as used herein preferably is a mammal, for instance a rodent, e.g. a mouse, a cotton rat, or a non-human-primate, or a human.
  • the subject is a human subject.
  • the polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, vectors, and/or compositions may also be administered, either as prime, or as boost, in a homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimen.
  • a boosting vaccination is performed, typically, such a boosting vaccination will be administered to the same subject at a time between one week and one year, preferably between two weeks and four months, after administering the composition to the subject for the first time (which is in such cases referred to as 'priming vaccination').
  • the administration comprises a prime and at least one booster administration.
  • polypeptides of the invention may be used as diagnostic tool, for example to test the immune status of an individual by establishing whether there are antibodies in the serum of such individual capable of binding to the polypeptide of the invention.
  • the invention thus also relates to an in vitro diagnostic method for detecting the presence of an RSV infection in a patient said method comprising the steps of a) contacting a biological sample obtained from said patient with a polypeptide according to the invention; and b) detecting the presence of antibody- polypeptide complexes.
  • the invention further provides a method for stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation of an RSV F polypeptide, comprising introducing one or more mutations in a RSV Fl domain, as compared to the wild-type RSV Fl domain, wherein the one or more mutations are selected from the group consisting of:
  • the mutation in the HRA region is at position 161.
  • the mutation in the HRA region is at position 173.
  • the mutation in the HRA region is at position 182.
  • the introduction of two cysteine residues is at position 486 and
  • the introduction of two cysteine residues is at position 486 and 487.
  • Stabilized pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides obtainable and/or obtained by such method also form part of the invention, as well as uses thereof as described above.
  • stabilized variants of soluble pre-fusion F protein were designed by stabilizing the two main regions that initiate refolding.
  • the first strategy was to arrest the fusion peptide in its position and prevent it from getting released from the head region by fixing and joining the F1-F2 domains by a short loop. Release of the fusion peptide can be prevented by re-establishing a covalent connection of the N- terminus of Fl to C-terminus of F2.
  • linkers As shown in this example, several different linkers have been tried. The insertion of a 5 amino acid loop between Fl and F2, in particular comprising the amino acid sequence GSGSG (SEQ ID NO: 5), was most successful.
  • the other unstable region is the second heptad repeat (HRB) region that forms the trimeric helical stem region in pre-fusion F protein.
  • HRB second heptad repeat
  • TM transmembrane domain
  • the fully processed mature RSV-F ectodomain was fused C-terminally to different trimerization domains and at different positions (i.e. the Fl domain was truncated at different amino acid residues).
  • trimerization domains were linked to the RSV Fl domain, which was truncated at different positions. Trimerization domains that were tested included the Fibritin motif (comprising the amino acid sequence: GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 4), and the "Fibritin long" motif, a longer, N-terminal extended Fibritin domain which includes its natural helical regions (comprising the amino acid sequence:
  • SSLQGDVQALQEAGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL SEQ ID NO: 6
  • Isoleucine Zipper domains (IZ) (Suzuki et al, Protein Engineering 11 : 1051 -1055 (1998)), comprising the amino acid sequence: IEAIEKK (SEQ ID NO: 7).
  • Isoleucine Zipper L
  • Isoleucine Zipper SEQ ID NO: 8
  • Isoleucine Zipper SEQ ID NO: 3
  • IZ domains are comparable in structure to GCN4, however, the IZ domains are not natural sequences but designed to be optimal trimerization domains and therefore more stable.
  • Construct F18 comprised the Fibritin trimerization domain (SEQ ID NO: 4) linked to amino acid residue 513 of the Fl domain.
  • Construct F19 comprised the Fibritin trimerization domain (SEQ ID NO: 4) linked to amino acid residue 499 of the Fl domain.
  • Construct F20 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8) linked to amino acid residue 516 of the Fl domain and comprising additional modifications in HRB to optimize the hydrophobic nature of the heptad positions and facilitate in-frame fusion with the IZ domain.
  • Construct F21 also comprised Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8), but linked to amino acid residue 501 of the Fl domain and without additional modifications in the HRB region.
  • Construct F22 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8) linked to amino acid residue 495 of the Fl domain and comprising additional modifications in HRB.
  • Construct F23 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) linked to amino acid residue 495.
  • Construct F46 also comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) but linked to a longer RSV-F ectodomain, i.e. the Fl domain was truncated after amino acid residue 513.
  • S Isoleucine Zipper
  • CR9501 comprises the binding regions of the antibodies referred to as 58C5 in WO2012/006596.
  • the constructs were cloned into pCDNA2004 or generated by standard methods widely known within the field involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR and sequenced.
  • the expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies).
  • the cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C0 2 .
  • the culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use.
  • CR9503 monoclonal antibody
  • CR9503 which comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of the RSV F antibody Motavizumab
  • the approximate expression levels of the pre-fusion RSV F protein constructs were assessed using CR9503, an anti-human IR-dye conjugated secondary antibody (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE) or a HRP conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA).
  • the protein quantities were then estimated using a dilution series of purified RSV standard protein, either by eye or using the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system.
  • constructs were made in which the fusion peptide at the N-terminus of Fl was fixed by fusion to the C-terminus of the F2 domain. All constructs comprised a His-tag.
  • constructs were made including constructs in which both furin cleavage sites were mutated resulting in a soluble F protein that still contained the p27 peptide (i.e. F12, F15.1 , and F17).
  • the 27 residue region (P27 loop) that is cleaved from the precursor FO was replaced by an alternative closed loop: either by replacing the region of RSV-F by the 'homologous' region of PIV-5 F, the prefusion F protein that had been produced and crystallized successfully (F25), or by replacing the region by a minimal (GS)n loop that would bridge the termini of F2 and Fl (F24), or by replacing the region by the central conserved region of RSV-G (F26).
  • Homology modeling of RSV-F based on PIV-5 and in silico measurements resulted in the choice of a minimal loop of 5 amino acid residues between residues 108 and 136.
  • Gly (G) and Ser (S) residues were chosen which are flexible and polar and have a high chance to be accommodated (F24). Additionally, F137 was mutated to S because the local modifications caused by the loop could displace the hydrophobic F and cause instabilities. This is shown below. Also the R106 is mutated to Q and 27 residues (109-135) are replaced by GSGSG.
  • PAANNQAR GSGSGR 136 SLGFLLGVG As shown in Table 2, all variants showed no or very low expression except for the variant with the short GSGSG loop (F24) which showed a much higher expression (44 g ml) compared to wild type RSV F construct, i.e. a similar construct, without said linker (Fl 1). F24 which was trimeric, however, was unstable upon storage like all the other variants with a C-terminal Fibritin trimerization motif. All variants contained a HIS-tag.
  • Example 8 Storage stability as determined in Example 8. *Heat stability as determined in Example 9. Expression level as determined by Western blotting (described in Example 1)
  • Antibody binding is defined as binding on the day of harvest (as described in Example 8;
  • GCN4 II is a trimerization domain that is used successfully for stabilizing the pre-fusion trimer of parainfluenza type 5 (Yin et al., Nature 439:38-44, 2006) and has also been tried by others to stabilize RSV pre-fusion F (as disclosed in e.g. WO2010/149743, WO2010/14975, WO2009/079796, WO2010/158613).
  • the GCN4II trimerization domain was evaluated and compared with the constructs that contain the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) or the Fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 4) domain (results shown in Table 6). These variants were also compared with annther modifications, i.e. a short linker based on a single Lysine and the L512K mutation. All variants contained a HIS-tag.
  • ND not determined; Expression level determined as described in Example 1. Heat stability determined as described in Example 9. Nomenclature of mutations based on wt sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).
  • Table 8 shows the results of the expression and stability of F24 variants. All variants were of RSV type A2, with fibritin motif, GSGSG linker; termination point 513, no HIS-tag. Table 8. Expression and stability of A2_F24- (SEQ ID NO: 19) variants
  • variants are variants of F24-: type A2, fibritin motif, GSGSG linker; termination point 513, binding to all Mabs, no HIS-tag (SEQ ID NO: 19).
  • variants are variants of A2_F24_N67I +S215P type A2, fibritin motif, GSGSG linker;
  • + means ⁇ 10% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days; ++ means ⁇ 5% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days; +++ means 0% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days.
  • D479N and E487R triple mutants express at somewhat lower levels because the single mutants were also among the lowest of the selected mutations (Table 8). Because of the stabilizing effect of the N67I+S215P mutation, additional mutations that are unstable as single mutants, resulted in stable pre-fusion F variants when they were added to the A2 F24 N67I+S215P background. Some very illustrative examples are the triple mutants with the additional VI 85N, G 184N or E487N which showed high expression but low stability as single mutants (Table 8) but showed even higher expression and were highly stable when added to the A2_F24 N67I+S215P background.
  • Stabilizing mutations also stabilize RSV-F protein from other strains and also in processed F variant.
  • Protein expression (concentration in the supernatant of transiently transfected cells) was measured by Quantitative Octet method.
  • Stabilizing mutations also stabilize full length RSV-F protein.
  • Stability was assessed by heat treatment of the HEK293T cells for 5 - 10 minutes at 46, 55.3, 60 "C.
  • the previously identified stabilizing point mutations were also stabilizing in the full length F protein.
  • the increase in expression level was less pronounced but showed the same trend. This may be caused by the different background the mutations were introduced in but may also be caused by the different quantification method (FACS versus Western blot) and a biological maximum of expression due to recycling of surface proteins.
  • Introduction of the linking sequence (or short loop) increased expression and stability and the point mutations did so too.
  • the point mutations were not or hardly synergistic with the short loop (similar as to what we found for the soluble protein (Table 9-11)
  • Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration measured after storage at 4C for 5 andlO days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9501 antibody, NA - data not available: no CR9501 binding was detected.
  • soluble pre- fusion F protein sF
  • the first strategy was to prevent the refolding of the HRA region into a coiled coil.
  • the second strategy was to construct disulfide bridges N-terminal to HRB to prevent the relocation of the HRB to form the six helix bundle by docking onto the HRA coiled coil.
  • CR9501 comprises the binding regions of the antibodies referred to as 58C5 in WO2012/006596.
  • the constructs were synthesized and codon-optimized at Gene Art (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). The constructs were cloned into pCDNA2004 or generated by standard methods widely known within the field involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR and sequenced.
  • the expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies). The cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C ( 3 ⁇ 4. The culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use.
  • the amino acid mutations that stabilize the pre-fusion conformation of the RSV F protein can be grouped into different categories that stabilize the conformation in different manners.
  • the region between residue 160 and 215 has to transform from an assembly of helices, loops and strands to a long continuous helix.
  • This region demonstrates the most dramatic structural transition. Part of this region actually has the highest alpha-helix prediction.
  • the actual helical structures in the pre- fusion crystal structure are shown below in grey highlights. This whole region is transformed into one large helix when it refolds to the post- fusion conformation. In the bottom sequence the residues are highlighted in grey with the highest helix prediction based on Agadir (http://agadir.crg.es/).
  • the sequence of residues 150 - 212 of RSV-F is shown above.
  • the secondary structures of the top line are indicated by h (for helix) and s (for strands) based on the crystal structure. Helices are highlighted with grey shading.
  • the bottom line is the same sequence in which the helices are shaded grey based on the helix propensity of the sequence.
  • the regions that need optimization are the loop regions in between the secondary structural elements (helices and strands) in the labile HRA of pre-fusion RSV-F.
  • Residue 161 has a high B-factor which reflects high mobility (and suggests instability);
  • residue Glul61 was replaced by Pro to reduce the negative repulsion and stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding, or residue Glul61 was replaced by Gin to reduce the negative charge repulsion, or residue Glul61 was replaced by Gly because it allows a broader range of dihydral angles.
  • residue Serl73 was replaced by Pro to stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding.
  • residue Thrl74 was replaced by Pro to stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding.
  • the Ramachandran plot shows that the amino acid residue 182 in the turn between B3 and B4 also has bad/unfavourable dihydral angles. Optimization of this position could increase the stability of the turn and stabilize the B-hairpin.
  • the Brookhaven database was searched for a structurally homologous B-hairpin from a stable protein that does not refold in order to find a residue that could replace the unfavourable Serl82.
  • a high structural homology was discovered with a turn in a B-hairpin of a putative electron transfer protein that had a Proline at the homologous 182 position (PDB code 3me8). According to the alignment shown below, the substitution of Serl 82 by Pro is a good structural solution to stabilize this turn and prevent it from refolding.
  • Cystine bridge formation in the bottom of the head region between residues 486, 487, 489 The negatively charged amino acid residues 486, 487 and 489 are part of a switch mechanism that controls the transition between the pre-fusion and post-fusion RSV-F structure. Mutation of Glu487 to Gin will impair this switch and stabilize contact between the protomers in the trimer. These same residue positions can also be used to engineer disulfide bridges between the protomers. Mutations of 2 residues by cysteines as described above will reduce the negative charge repulsion and allow disulfide bridges that will further stabilize the prefusion trimer.
  • variants are variants of A2_F24 type A2 that contain a fibritin motif and GSGSG linker between Fl and F2; termination point 513, (SEQ ID NO: 19).
  • Stability is expressed as % protein concentration measured by Qoctet (Example 10) after storage at 4C or 5 -30 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9502 antibody. NA: data not available: no CR9502 binding was detected..ND : Not determined
  • Protein expression (concentration in the supernatant of transiently transfected cells) was measured by Quantitative Octet method.
  • Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration measured by Qoctet (Example 10) after storage at 4C for 5 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9501 antibody. ND : Not determined
  • the E161P mutation also showed a high increase in expression levels in the processed RSV-F protein.
  • the E161P mutation resulted in prefusion F variants with high expression levels and high stability. Cystine bridge formation in the bottom of the head region between residues 486, 487, 489
  • the negatively charged amino acid residues 486, 487 and 489 are part of a switch mechanism that controls the transition between the pre-fusion and post-fusion RSV-F structure. Mutation of Glu487 to Gin will impair this switch and stabilize contact between the protomers in the trimer (previous patent POO). These same residue positions can also be used to engineer disulfide bridges between the protomers. Mutations of 2 residues to cysteines of which one is a negatively charged residue 486, 486 or 489, will reduce the negative charge repulsion and allow disulfide bridges that will further stabilize the prefusion trimer. Several of such variants were tested for expression level and stability of the prefusion conformation (Table 16).
  • variants are variants of A2_F24- type A2 that contain a fibritin motif and GSGSG linker between Fl and F2; termination point 513, (SEQ ID NO: 19).
  • Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration by Qoctet (Example 10) measured after storage at 4C or 5 -30 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9502 antibody. ND : Not determined
  • the variant with the cysteine mutations at position 486 and 487 expressed to the highest level and expression level was 14 times higher compared with the unstablized variant without the N67I and S215P mutation. Stability of the protein in the supernatant reasonable and still contained 79 % pre- fusion conformation. Higher stability may be reached when the protein is purified. Stability may not have reached 100% because not 100% of the cysteines were connected inter-protomeric as shown in example 4 and 5.
  • Clear difference between the two proteins could be observed when analyzed reduced and non-reduced. Reduced both proteins migrate as a monomeric species around 55 kDa. Non-reduced the vast majority of the DM is still found as a monomer while the DM+CC predominant species is much higher and predominantly trimeric. This proves that substitution of residue 486 and 487 to cysteine results in a trimer with predominantly inter-protomeric disulfide bridges.
  • culture supernatants from transiently transfected cells were analyzed in a NativePAGE Bis-Tris gel system (Life Technologies). Subsequently the gels were blotted using the iBlot technolog according to the manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies).
  • RSV F protein specific antibody CR9503 (sequences given below in Table 18) was used as primary probe for the detection of pre-fusion RSV F protein and followed by a HRP conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) or a IRDye800CW conjugated affinity purified anti-human IgG (rabbit) (Rockland Immunochemicals, GilbertsviUe, PA).
  • the blots were developed with either standard film (Codak) or using the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system.
  • Expression plasmids encoding the recombinant pre-fusion RSV F protein were generated by standard methods widely known within the art, involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR.
  • the expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies, Renfreshire, UK).
  • the cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured in a shaking incubator for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C0 2 .
  • the culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use.
  • the recombinant polypeptides were purified by a 2-step purification protocol applying a cat-ion exchange column for the initial purification and subsequently a superdex200 column for the polishing step to remove residual contaminants.
  • the culture supernatant was diluted with 2 volumes of 50 mM NaOAc pH 5.0 and passed over a 5 ml HiTrap Capto S column at 5 ml per minute.
  • the verification of the pre-fusion conformation of the expressed polypeptides according to the invention was done using the octet technology using the pre-fusion specific antibodies CR9501 or CR9502, or the non-conformation specific antibody CR9503, which comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of the commercially available antibody Motavizumab.
  • the antibodies were biotinylated by standard protocols and immobilized on streptavidin biosensors (ForteBio, Portsmouth, UK). The procedure was as follows. After equilibration of the sensors in kinetic buffer ( ForteBio) for 60s the chips were transferred to PBS with 5 ug/ml of the desired antibody. The loading was carried out for 250s.
  • the stabilizing potential of introduced features into the RSV F polypeptides was estimated by heat stress. For that purpose culture supernatant from transiently trans fected cells or purified protein was heated using a range of temperatures. The samples were subsequently cooled on ice to prevent further heat induced conformational changes and probed using the CR9501 antibody on the octet technology platform as described in Example 11. The responses obtained at end of the association phase at the different temperatures were plotted as a function of the temperature and fitted by non-linear regression using the Prism software. This resulted in an estimation of the temperature where the antibody binding level is 50% of the maximum and this value could be used to compare different constructs in terms of pre-fusion heat stability.
  • the measurement was done on the day of supernatant harvest (dayl) and after storage of the supernatant at 4C for 5 days or longer.
  • the difference in the concentration determined with the CR9501 or CR9502 was used as a screening tool to identify mutations capable of stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation. A construct was deemed stable if less than 20% decrease of measured concentration was observed at day 5.
  • the data analysis was done using the ForteBio Data Analysis 6.4 software (ForteBio).
  • mice immunized with pre-fusion F showed higher VNA titers than mice immunized with post- fusion RSV F.
  • Table 19 Immunization scheme
  • the pre-fusion F polypeptides according to the invention are able to induce a strong protective immune response that reduced viral load in the lung and even in the nose.
  • amino acid sequence of several of the pre-fusion RSV F constructs is given below. It is noted that the amino acid numbering in the different constructs described herein is based on the wild-type sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1), which means that all amino acids from position 1 to and including position 108 of the pre-fusion constructs correspond to the amino acid positions 1-108 of the wild-type sequence, whereas the numbering of the amino acids from position 138 to the end is shifted 22 amino acids, i.e. LBS in the wild-type sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) corresponds to LI 16 in all the pre-fusion constructs. This is due to the fact that a deletion has been made in the pre-fusion constructs i.e.
  • the numbering used with respect to the specific mutations according to the invention refers to the position of the amino acid in the wild type sequence.
  • RSV F protein A2 full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1)
  • RSV F protein Bl full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2)
  • RVFCDTMNSLTLPS EVSLCNTDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTA
  • F8 RSV A2, wt ectodomain (SEQ ID NO: 13)
  • Fll RSV Bl, wt ectodomain (SEQ ID NO: 14)
  • RVFCDTMNSLTLPS EVSLCNTDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTA
  • F24 RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 18)
  • A2 F24 RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 19)
  • F24- RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 20)
  • F24-N67I+S215P RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 22)
  • A2_F24 N67I+E92D RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 23)
  • A2 F24 E92D+S215P A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 29)
  • F24-E92D+S215P RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 30)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K508E A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 31)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+E487N A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 34)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+D486N A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 35)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K465E A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 36)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K465Q A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 37)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+K421N A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 39)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K209Q A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 40)
  • A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K201Q A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 41)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+V185N A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 42)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+N175P A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 44)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+E92D A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 45)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+K77E A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 47)
  • A2 F24 N67I+S215P+S46G A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 48)
  • A2 F24 RSV S46G A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 49)
  • A2 F24 RSV K465Q A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 50)
  • A2_F24 RSV N67I A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 51)
  • A2 F24 RSV E92D A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 52)

Abstract

The present invention provides stable pre-fusion respiratory syncitial virus (RSV) F polypeptides, immunogenic compositions comprising said polypeptides and uses thereof for the prevention and/or treatment of RSV infection.

Description

Stabilized soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides
The present invention relates to the field of medicine. The invention in particular relates to recombinant pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides and uses thereof, e.g. in immunogenic compositions.
Background of the invention
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an enveloped non-segmented negative- strand RNA virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Pneumovirus. Worldwide, it is estimated that 64 million RSV infections occur each year resulting in 160.000 deaths (WHO Acute Respiratory Infections Update September 2009). The most severe disease occurs particularly in premature infants, the elderly and immune-compromised individuals. In children younger than 2 years, RSV is the most common respiratory tract pathogen, accounting for approximately 50% of the hospitalizations due to respiratory infections, with a peak of hospitalization occurring at 2-4 months of age. It has been reported that almost all children have been infected by RSV by the age of two. Repeated infection during lifetime is attributed to ineffective natural immunity. The level of RSV disease burden, mortality and morbidity in the elderly are second only to those caused by non-pandemic influenza A infections.
To infect a host cell, RSV, like other enveloped viruses such as influenza virus and HIV, require fusion of the viral membrane with a host cell membrane. For RSV the conserved fusion protein (RSV F protein) fuses the viral and host cell cellular membranes. In current models, based on paramyxovirus studies, the RSV F protein initially folds into a "pre-fusion" conformation. The metastable structure has recently been solved in complex with a stabilizing neutralizing antibody Fab fragment (McLellan et al., Science 340(6136): ! 1 13-7, 2013). During cell entry, the pre-fusion conformation undergoes refolding and conformational changes to its "post-fusion" conformation (McLellan, J. Virol 85(15):7788-96, 2010; Swanson, PNAS 108(23):9619-24, 201 1). Thus, the RSV F protein is a metastable protein that drives membrane fusion by coupling irreversible protein refolding to membrane juxtaposition by initially folding into a metastable form (pre-fusion conformation) that subsequently undergoes discrete/stepwise conformational changes to a lower energy conformation (post-fusion conformation).
These observations suggest that pre-fusion and post-fusion RSV F protein are antigenically distinct (Calder, L. J. et al. Virology 271, 122-131 (2000)).
A vaccine against RSV infection is not currently available, but is desired. Vaccine candidates based on the RSV F protein have failed due to problems with e.g. stability, purity, reproducibility, and potency. As indicated above, crystal structures have revealed a large conformational change between the pre-fusion and post-fusion states. The magnitude of the rearrangement suggested that only a portion of antibodies directed to the post- fusion conformation of RSV-F will be able to cross react with the native conformation of the pre-fusion spike on the surface of the virus. Accordingly, efforts to produce a vaccine against RSV have focused on developing vaccines that contain pre-fusion forms of RSV F protein (see, e.g., WO20101149745, WO2010/1149743, WO2009/1079796, WO2012/158613). However, these efforts have not yet yielded stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides that could be used as candidates for testing in humans.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides stable, recombinant, pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) polypeptides, i.e. recombinant RSV F polypeptides that are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation. The RSV F polypeptides of the invention comprise at least one epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein. In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are soluble. The invention also provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention and vectors comprising such nucleic acid molecules.
The invention also relates to compositions, preferably immunogenic compositions, comprising a RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, and to the use thereof in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein, in particular use thereof as a vaccine. The invention also relates to methods for inducing an anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune response in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule encoding said RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule. Preferably, the induced immune response is characterized by neutralizing antibodies to RSV and/or protective immunity against RSV. In particular aspects, the invention relates to a method for inducing neutralizing anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) F protein antibodies in a subject, comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of an immunogenic composition comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule encoding said RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule. Brief description of the Figures
FIG.l : Reduced and non-reduced SDS-PAGE with RSV pre-Fusion DM = Double mutant ( 67I+S215P = SEQ ID NO:21) and DM+CC = Double mutant + DE486CC = SEQ ID NO:94). FIG .2: NativePAGE analysis of supernatants from Lane 2: DM = Double mutant (N67I+S215P = SEQ ID NO 21) and Lane 1 : DM+CC = Double mutant + DE486CC = SEQ ID NO: 94).
FIG. 3: A) Superdex200 gel filtration chromatogram of the eluate PreF N67I E161P S215P, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 91) from the ion-exchange column. B) SDS-PAGE analysis of the prefusion F protein containing peak from the SEC chromatogram under reducing conditions. C) NativePAGE analysis of purified RSV prefusion F protein (SEQID NO: 91 , Lane 2) compared to purified RSV prefusion F double mutant (SEQ ID NO: 21 , Lane 1).
FIG. 4: VNA titers of mice at week 6 after a prime boost at week 0 and 4 with immunogens and doses according to Table 14.
FIG. 5: VNA titers of cotton rats at week 7 after a prime boost at week 0 and 4 with immunogens and doses according to Table 15.
FIG. 6: Lung and nose viral load at 5 days after i.n. RSV challenge.
Detailed description of the invention
The fusion protein (F) of the respiratory syncictial virus (RSV) is involved in fusion of the viral membrane with a host cell membrane, which is required for infection.The RSV F mRNA is translated into a 574 amino acid precursor protein designated FO, which contains a signal peptide sequence at the N-terminus (e.g. amino acid residues 1-26 of SEQ ID NO: 1) that is removed by a signal peptidase in the endoplasmic reticulum. FO is cleaved at two sites
(between amino acid residues 109/1 10 and 136/137) by cellular proteases (in particular furin, or furin-like)) removing a short glycosylated intervening sequence (also referred to a p27 region, comprising the amino acid residues 110 to 136, and generating two domains or subunits designated Fl and F2. The Fl domain (amino acid residues 137-574) contains a hydrophobic fusion peptide at its N-terminus and the C-terminus contains the transmembrane (TM) (amino acid residues 530-550) and cytoplasmic region (amino acid residues 551-574). The F2 domain (amino acid residues 27- 109) is covalently linked to Fl by two disulfide bridges. The F1 -F2 heterodimers are assembled as homotrimers in the virion.
A vaccine against RSV infection is not currently available, but is desired. One potential approach to producing a vaccine is a subunit vaccine based on purified RSV F protein. However, for this approach it is desirable that the purified RSV F protein is in a conformation which resembles the conformation of the pre-fusion state of RSV F protein, that is stable over time, and can be produced in sufficient quantities. In addition, for a subunit-based vaccine, the RSV F protein needs to be truncated by deletion of the transmembrane (TM) and the cytoplasmic region to create a soluble secreted F protein (sF). Because the TM region is responsible for membrane anchoring and trimerization, the anchorless soluble F protein is considerably more labile than the full-length protein and will readily refold into the post-fusion end-state. In order to obtain soluble F protein in the stable pre-fusion conformation that shows high expression levels and high stability, the pre-fusion conformation thus needs to be stabilized.
Stabilization of another paramyxovirus F protein in the pre-fusion conformation has been successfully accomplished for parainfluenza type 5 (PIV5). Yin et al. (Nature 439: 38-44 (2006)) thus stabilized the pre-fusion structure of PIV-5 F protein by mutation of the furin cleavage site in Fo which blocked processing into Fl and F2. Furthermore, the transmembrane (TM) and cytoplasmic domain were replaced by a well-known helical trimerization domain: GCN4pII. This domain forms a trimeric helical coiled coil structure and is a modification of the natural dimeric helical coiled coil peptide GCN4 (O'Shea et al., Science 243: 538-542 (1989)). The GCN4-pII peptide, in which the amino acid sequence of the GCN4 Leucine zipper was substituted with Isoleucine residues at every a and d position of the heptad, was shown to form a triple stranded parallel alpha-helical coiled coil (Harbury et al., Science 262: 1401-1407 (1993)).
For the stabilization of RSV F in the pre-fusion conformation, the same strategy has been tried, i.e. mutation of the furin cleavage site and fusion of the RSV-F ectodomain to a GCN4pII trimerization domain (as disclosed in e.g.WO2010/149743, WO2010/149745, WO2009/079796, WO2012/158613) or to the fibritin trimerization domain (McLellan et al., Nature Struct. Biol.17: 2-248-250 (2010); McLellan et al., Science 340(6136): 11 13-7 (2013)). This fibritin domain or 'Foldon' is derived from T4 fibritin and was described earlier as an artificial natural trimerization domain (Letarov et al., Biochemistry Moscow 64: 817-823 (1993); S-Guthe et al., J. Mol. Biol. 337: 905-915. (2004)). However, these efforts have not resulted in stable pre-fusion RSV-F protein. Moreover, these efforts have not yet resulted in candidates suitable for testing in humans.
The present invention now provides recombinant stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, i.e. RSV F polypeptides that are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation. In the research that led to the present invention, several modification steps were introduced and/or combined in order to obtain said stable soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides. The stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention are in the pre-fusion conformation, i.e. they comprise (display) at least one epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein. An epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein is an epitope that is not presented in the post- fusion conformation. Without wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the pre-fusion conformation of RSV F protein may contain epitopes that are the same as those on the RSV F protein expressed on natural RSV virions, and therefore may provide advantages for eliciting protective neutralizing antibodies.
The polypeptides of the invention comprise at least one epitope that is recognized by a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 54, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 55, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 56 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 62, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 63, and a light chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 64 (hereafter referred to as CR9501) and/or a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 58, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 59, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 60 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 66, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 68 (referred to as CR9502). CR9501 and CR9502 comprise the heavy and light chain variable regions, and thus the binding specificities, of the antibodies 58C5 and 30D8, respectively, which have previously been shown to bind specifically to RSV F protein in its pre-fusion conformation and not to the post- fusion conformation (see WO2012/006596).
In certain embodiments, the recombinant pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise at least one epitope that is recognized by at least one pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody as described above and are trimeric.
The stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention comprise an Fl domain and an F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation, as compared to wild-type Fl and F2 domains, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 161 ;
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 182; (c) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 173; and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C).
In certain embodiments, the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (E161P, E161Q) or E161G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 182 into P (S182P);
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue S, T or N on position 173 into P (S 173P); and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C).
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 67 and/or a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 215.
In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides thus comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 67 and/or a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 215, and at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 161 ;
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 182; (c) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 173; and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C). In certain embodiments, the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise an Fl domain and a F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215, and wherein the polypeptides further comprise at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (E161P,
E161Q) or E161G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 182 into P (S182P);
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue S, T or N on position 173 into P (S 173P); and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C
(D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C). In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acids, linking the Fl domain and F2 domain.
In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention thus comprise an Fl domain and an F2 domain, and a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acid residues, linking said Fl domain to said F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation selected from the group consisting of: (a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (E161P, E161Q) or E161G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 182 into P (S182P);
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue S, T or N on position 173 into P (S 173P), and (d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C) In certain embodiments, the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215. In certain embodiments, the stable pre- fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 (N/T67I) into I and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215 into P (S215P).
In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention comprise a truncated Fl domain.
In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention thus comprise a truncated Fl domain and a F2 domain, and optionally a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acid residues, linking said truncated Fl domain to said F2 domain, wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one further mutation selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (E161P,
E161Q) or E161G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 182 into P (S182P);
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue S, T or N on position 173 into P (S 173P); and (d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C) In certain embodiments, the polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215. In certain embodiments, the stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 (N/T67I) into I and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215 into P (S215P).
According to the invention, the polypeptides of the invention thus comprise at least one stabilizing mutation in the Fl and/or F2 domain as compared to the RSV Fl and/or F2 domain in a wild-type RSV F protein. It is known that RSV exists as a single serotype having two antigenic subgroups: A and B. The amino acid sequences of the mature processed F proteins of the two groups are about 93% identical. As used throughout the present application, the amino acid positions are given in reference to the sequence of RSV F protein from the A2 strain (SEQ ID NO: 1). As used in the present invention, the wording "the amino acid at position "x" of the RSV F protein thus means the amino acid corresponding to the amino acid at position "x" in the RSV F protein of the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1. Note that, in the numbering system used throughout this application 1 refers to the N-terminal amino acid of an immature FO protein (SEQ ID NO: 1) When a RSV strain other than the A2 strain is used, the amino acid positions of the F protein are to be numbered with reference to the numbering of the F protein of the A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1 by aligning the sequences of the other RSV strain with the F protein of SEQ ID NO: 1 with the insertion of gaps as needed. Sequence alignments can be done using methods well known in the art, e.g. by CLUSTALW, Bioedit or CLC Workbench. An amino acid according to the invention can be any of the twenty naturally occurring (or 'standard' amino acids) or variants thereof, such as e.g. D-amino acids (the D-enantiomers of amino acids with a chiral center), or any variants that are not naturally found in proteins, such as e.g. norleucine. The standard amino acids can be divided into several groups based on their properties. Important factors are charge, hydrophilicity or hydrophobicity, size and functional groups. These properties are important for protein structure and protein-protein interactions. Some amino acids have special properties such as cysteine, that can form covalent disulfide bonds (or disulfide bridges) to other cysteine residues, proline that induces turns of the polypeptide backbone, and glycine that is more flexible than other amino acids. Table 17 shows the abbreviations and properties of the standard amino acids.
It will be appreciated by a skilled person that the mutations can be made to the protein by routine molecular biology procedures. The mutations according to the invention preferably result in increased expression levels and/or increased stabilization of the pre-fusion SV F
polypeptides as compared RSV F polypeptides that do not comprise these mutation(s).
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are full length.
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are soluble.
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides further comprise a heterologous trimerization domain linked to said truncated Fl domain. According to the invention, it was shown that by linking a heterologous trimerization domain to the C-terminal amino acid residue of a truncated Fl domain, optionally combined with a linking sequence linking the Fl and F2 domain and the stabilizing mutation(s), RSV F polypeptides are provided that show high expression and that bind to pre-fusion-specific antibodies, indicating that the polypeptides are in the pre-fusion conformation. In addition, the RSV F polypeptides are stabilized in the pre-fusion conformation, i.e. even after processing of the polypeptides they still bind to the pre-fusion specific antibodies CR9501 and/or CR9502, indicating that the pre-fusion specific epitope is retained.
In further embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise one or more further mutations (as compared to the wild-type RSV F protein), selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 46;
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 77;
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 80;
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 92;
(e) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 184;
(f) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 185;
(g) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 201 ;
(h) a mutation ofthe amino acid residue on position 209;
(i) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 421 ;
G) a mutation ofthe amino acid residue on position 426;
(k) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 465;
(1) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 486;
(m)a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 487; and
(n) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 508.
In preferred embodiments, the one or more further mutations are selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 46 into G (S46G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 77 into E ( 77E); (c) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 80 into E (K80E);
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 92 into D (E92D);
(e) a mutation of the amino acid residue G on position 184 into N (G184N);
(f) a mutation of the amino acid residue V on position 185 into N (VI 85N);
(g) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 201 into Q (K201Q);
(h) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 209 into Q (K209Q);
(i) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 421 into N (K421N);
(j) a mutation of the amino acid residue N on position 426 into S (N426S);
(k) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 465 into E or Q (K465Q);
(1) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into N (D486N);
(m)a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into Q, N or I (E487Q N/I); and
(n) a mutation of the amino acid residue K on position 508 into E (K508E).
As described above, in certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in combination with D489C or E487C. These double mutations to two extra cysteine residues result in an inter- subunit disulfide bridge between the Fl proteins to establish a covalent bond between the protomers and to stabilize the pre-fusion RSV F structure.
It is again noted that for the positions of the amino acid residues reference is made to SEQ ID NO: 1. A skilled person will be able to determine the corresponding amino acid residues in F proteins of other RSV strains.
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides comprise at least two mutations (as compared to a wild-type RV F protein). In certain embodiments, the polypeptides comprise at least three mutations.
In certain embodiments, the polypeptides comprise at least four, five or six mutations.
In certain embodiments, the heterologous trimerization domain comprises the amino acid sequence EKKIEAIEKKIEAIEKKIEA (SEQ ID NO: 3). In certain other embodiments, the heterologous trimerization domain comprises the amino acid sequence
GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 4).
As described above, in certain embodiments the polypeptides of the invention comprise a truncated Fl domain. As used herein a "truncated" Fl domain refers to a Fl domain that is not a full length Fl domain, i.e. wherein either N-terminally or C-terminally one or more amino acid residues have been deleted. According to the invention, at least the transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail have been deleted to permit expression as a soluble ectodomain.
In certain other embodiments, the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 495 of the RSV F protein (referring to SEQ ID NO: 1), i.e. the C-terminal part of the Fl domain starting from amino acid residue 496 (referring to SEQ ID NO: 1) has been deleted. In certain other embodiments, the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 513 of the RSV F protein. In certain embodiments, the Fl domain is truncated after amino acid residue 486, 487, 488, 489, 490, 491 , 492, 493, 494, 495, 496, 497, 498, 499, 500, 501 , 502, 503, 504, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 512, 513, 514, 515, 516, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521 , 522, 523, 524 or 525.
In certain embodiments, the trimerization domain is linked to amino acid residue 495 of the RSV Fl -domain. In certain embodiments, the trimerization domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 4 and is linked to amino acid residue 495 of the RSV Fl domain. In certain other embodiments, the trimerization domain is linked to amino acid residue 513 of the RSV Fl domain. In certain embodiments, the trimerization domain comprises SEQ ID NO: 3 and is linked to amino acid residue 513 of the RSV Fl domain.
As described above, in certain embodiments, the Fl domain, which is optionally truncated, and the F2 domain are linked by a linking sequence, linking the C-terminal amino acid of the F2 domain to the N-terminal amino acid of the (optionally truncated) F2 domain. In certain embodiments, the linking sequence (or linker) comprises from 1-10 amino acid residues, preferable from 2-9 amino acid residues, preferably from 3-8 amino acid residues, preferably from 4-7 amino acid residues, more preferably the linker comprises 5 or 6 amino acid residues. Numerous conformationally neutral linkers are known in the art that can be used according to the invention without disrupting the conformation of the pre-fusion RVS F polypeptides. In preferred embodiments, the linker comprises the amino acid sequence GSGSG (SEQ ID NO: 5).
In certain embodiments, the Fl domain and/or the F domain are from an RSV A strain. In certain embodiments the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 1.
In certain embodiments, the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV A2 strain of SEQ ID NO: 69.
In certain embodiments, the Fl domain and/or the F domain are from an RSV B strain. In certain embodiments the Fl and/or F2 domain are from the RSV B strain of SEQ ID NO: 2.
In certain embodiments, the Fl and F2 domain are from the same RSV strain. In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides are chimeric polypeptides, i.e. comprising Fl and F2 domains that are from different RSV strains.
In certain embodiments, the level of expression of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention is increased, as compared to a full length wild-type RSV F polypeptide or a wild- type ectodomain (i.e. without the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region) without the mutation(s). In certain embodiments the level of expression is increased at least 5-fold, preferably up to 10-fold. In certain embodiments, the level of expression is increased more than 10-fold.
The pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention are stable, i.e. do not readily change into the post-fusion conformation upon processing of the polypeptides, such as e.g. purification, freeze-thaw cycles, and/or storage etc.
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention have an increased stability upon storage a 4°C as compared to a RSV F polypeptide without the mutation(s). In certain embodiments, the polypeptides are stable upon storage at 4°C for at least 30 days, preferably at least 60 days, preferably at least 6 months, even more preferably at least 1 year. With "stable upon storage", it is meant that the polypeptides still display the at least one epitope specific for the a pre-fusion specific antibody (e.g. CR9501) upon storage of the polypeptide in solution (e.g. culture medium) at 4° C for at least 30 days, e.g. as determined using a method as described in Example 8 or 10. In certain embodiments, the polypeptides display the at least one pre-fusion specific epitope for at least 6 months, preferably for at least 1 year upon storage of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides at 4°C.
In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the invention have an increased stability when subjected to heat, as compared to RSV F polypeptides without said mutation(s). In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion REV F polypeptides are heat stable for at least 30 minutes at a temperature of 55° C, preferably at 58° C, more preferably at 60° C With "heat stable" it is meant that the polypeptides still display the at least one pe-fusion specific epitope after having been subjected for at least 30 minutes to an increased temperature (i.e. a temperature of 55°C or above), e.g. as determined using a method as described in Example 9.
In certain embodiments, the polypeptides display the at least one pre-fusion specific epitope after being subjected to 1 to 6 freeze-thaw cycles in an appropriate formulation buffer.
In certain preferred embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide of the invention comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 90-94. In certain embodiments, the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide of the invention consists of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 90-94.
As used throughout the present application nucleotide sequences are provided from 5' to 3' direction, and amino acid sequences from N-terminus to C-terminus, as custom in the art.
In certain embodiments, the encoded polypeptides according to the invention further comprise a leader sequence, also referred to as signal sequence or signal peptide, corresponding to amino acids 1-26 of SEQ ID NO: 1 , SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 69. This is a short (typically 5-30 amino acids long) peptide present at the N-terminus of the majority of newly synthesized proteins that are destined towards the secretory pathway. In certain embodiments, the polypeptides according to the invention do not comprise a leader sequence.
In certain embodiments, the polypeptides comprise a HIS-Tag. A His-Tag or
polyhistidine-tag is an amino acid motif in proteins that consists of at least five histidine (H) residues, often at the N- or C-terminus of the protein, which is generally used for purification purposes.
In certain embodiments, the polypeptides do not comprise a HIS-Tag. According to the invention, it has surprisingly been shown that when the HIS -tag is deleted the level of expression and the stability are increased as compared to polypeptides with a HIS-tag. The present invention further provides nucleic acid molecules encoding the RSV F polypeptides according to the invention.
In preferred embodiments, the nucleic acid molecules encoding the polypeptides according to the invention are codon-optimized for expression in mammalian cells, preferably human cells. Methods of codon-optimization are known and have been described previously (e.g. WO 96/09378). A sequence is considered codon-optimized if at least one non-preferred codon as compared to a wild type sequence is replaced by a codon that is more preferred. Herein, a non- preferred codon is a codon that is used less frequently in an organism than another codon coding for the same amino acid, and a codon that is more preferred is a codon that is used more frequently in an organism than a non-preferred codon. The frequency of codon usage for a specific organism can be found in codon frequency tables, such as in
http://www.kazusa.or.jp/codon. Preferably more than one non-preferred codon, preferably most or all non-preferred codons, are replaced by codons that are more preferred. Preferably the most frequently used codons in an organism are used in a codon-optimized sequence. Replacement by preferred codons generally leads to higher expression.
It will be understood by a skilled person that numerous different polynucleotides and nucleic acid molecules can encode the same polypeptide as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code. It is also understood that skilled persons may, using routine techniques, make nucleotide substitutions that do not affect the polypeptide sequence encoded by the nucleic acid molecules to reflect the codon usage of any particular host organism in which the polypeptides are to be expressed. Therefore, unless otherwise specified, a "nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence" includes all nucleotide sequences that are degenerate versions of each other and that encode the same amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and RNA may or may not include introns.
Nucleic acid sequences can be cloned using routine molecular biology techniques, or generated de novo by DNA synthesis, which can be performed using routine procedures by service companies having business in the field of DNA synthesis and/or molecular cloning (e.g. GeneArt, GenScripts, Invitrogen, Eurofins).
The invention also provides vectors comprising a nucleic acid molecule as described above. In certain embodiments, a nucleic acid molecule according to the invention thus is part of a vector. Such vectors can easily be manipulated by methods well known to the person skilled in the art, and can for instance be designed for being capable of replication in prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic cells. In addition, many vectors can be used for transformation of eukaryotic cells and will integrate in whole or in part into the genome of such cells, resulting in stable host cells comprising the desired nucleic acid in their genome. The vector used can be any vector that is suitable for cloning DNA and that can be used for transcription of a nucleic acid of interest. Suitable vectors according to the invention are e.g. adenovectors, such as e.g. Ad26 or Ad35, alphavirus, paramyxovirus, vaccinia virus, herpes virus, retroviral vectors etc. The person skilled in the art is capable of choosing suitable expression vectors, and inserting the nucleic acid sequences of the invention in a functional manner.
Host cells comprising the nucleic acid molecules encoding the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides form also part of the invention. The pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides may be produced through recombinant DNA technology involving expression of the molecules in host cells, e.g. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, tumor cell lines, BHK cells, human cell lines such as HEK293 cells, PER.C6 cells, or yeast, fungi, insect cells, and the like, or transgenic animals or plants. In certain embodiments, the cells are from a multicellular organism, in certain embodiments they are of vertebrate or invertebrate origin. In certain embodiments, the cells are mammalian cells. In certain embodiments, the cells are human cells. In general, the production of a recombinant proteins, such the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides of the invention, in a host cell comprises the introduction of a heterologous nucleic acid molecule encoding the polypeptide in expressible format into the host cell, culturing the cells under conditions conducive to expression of the nucleic acid molecule and allowing expression of the polypeptide in said cell. The nucleic acid molecule encoding a protein in expressible format may be in the form of an expression cassette, and usually requires sequences capable of bringing about expression of the nucleic acid, such as enhancer(s), promoter, polyadenylation signal, and the like. The person skilled in the art is aware that various promoters can be used to obtain expression of a gene in host cells.
Promoters can be constitutive or regulated, and can be obtained from various sources, including viruses, prokaryotic, or eukaryotic sources, or artificially designed.
Cell culture media are available from various vendors, and a suitable medium can be routinely chosen for a host cell to express the protein of interest, here the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides. The suitable medium may or may not contain serum.
A "heterologous nucleic acid molecule" (also referred to herein as 'transgene') is a nucleic acid molecule that is not naturally present in the host cell. It is introduced into for instance a vector by standard molecular biology techniques. A transgene is generally operably linked to expression control sequences. This can for instance be done by placing the nucleic acid encoding the transgene(s) under the control of a promoter. Further regulatory sequences may be added. Many promoters can be used for expression of a transgene(s), and are known to the skilled person, e.g. these may comprise viral, mammalian, synthetic promoters, and the like. A non-limiting example of a suitable promoter for obtaining expression in eukaryotic cells is a CMV-promoter (US 5,385,839), e.g. the CMV immediate early promoter, for instance comprising nt. -735 to +95 from the CMV immediate early gene enhancer/promoter. A polyadenylation signal, for example the bovine growth hormone polyA signal (US 5,122,458), may be present behind the transgene(s). Alternatively, several widely used expression vectors are available in the art and from commercial sources, e.g. the pcDNA and pEF vector series of Invitrogen, pMSCV and pTK-Hyg from BD Sciences, pCMV-Script from Stratagene, etc, which can be used to recombinantly express the protein of interest, or to obtain suitable promoters and/or transcription terminator sequences, polyA sequences, and the like.
The cell culture can be any type of cell culture, including adherent cell culture, e.g. cells attached to the surface of a culture vessel or to microcarriers, as well as suspension culture. Most large-scale suspension cultures are operated as batch or fed-batch processes because they are the most straightforward to operate and scale up. Nowadays, continuous processes based on perfusion principles are becoming more common and are also suitable. Suitable culture media are also well known to the skilled person and can generally be obtained from commercial sources in large quantities, or custom-made according to standard protocols. Culturing can be done for instance in dishes, roller bottles or in bioreactors, using batch, fed-batch, continuous systems and the like. Suitable conditions for culturing cells are known (see e.g. Tissue Culture, Academic Press, Kruse and Paterson, editors (1973), and R.I. Freshney, Culture of animal cells: A manual of basic technique, fourth edition (Wiley-Liss Inc., 2000, ISBN 0-471 -34889-9)).
The invention further provides compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, as described above. The invention thus provides compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide that displays an epitope that is present in a pre-fusion conformation of the RSV F protein but is absent in the post-fusion conformation. The invention also provides compositions comprising a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, encoding such pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide. The invention further provides immunogenic compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, as described above. The invention also provides the use of a stabilized pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, according to the invention, for inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject. Further provided are methods for inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject, comprising administering to the subject a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a nucleic acid molecule, and/or a vector, according to the invention. Also provided are pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, and/or vectors, according to the invention for use in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject. Further provided is the use of the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, and/or nucleic acid molecules, and/or vectors according to the invention for the manufacture of a medicament for use in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein in a subject.
The pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, or vectors of the invention may be used for prevention (prophylaxis) and/or treatment of RSV infections. In certain embodiments, the prevention and/or treatment may be targeted at patient groups that are susceptible RSV infection. Such patient groups include, but are not limited to e.g., the elderly (e.g. > 50 years old, > 60 years old, and preferably > 65 years old), the young (e.g. < 5 years old, < 1 year old), hospitalized patients and patients who have been treated with an antiviral compound but have shown an inadequate antiviral response. The pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules and/or vectors according to the invention may be used e.g. in stand-alone treatment and/or prophylaxis of a disease or condition caused by RSV, or in combination with other prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatments, such as (existing or future) vaccines, antiviral agents and/or monoclonal antibodies.
The invention further provides methods for preventing and/or treating RSV infection in a subject utilizing the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules and/or vectors according to the invention. In a specific embodiment, a method for preventing and/or treating RSV infection in a subject comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector, as described above. A therapeutically effective amount refers to an amount of a polypeptide, nucleic acid molecule or vector, that is effective for preventing, ameliorating and/or treating a disease or condition resulting from infection by RSV. Prevention encompasses inhibiting or reducing the spread of RSV or inhibiting or reducing the onset, development or progression of one or more of the symptoms associated with infection by RSV. Amelioration as used in herein may refer to the reduction of visible or perceptible disease symptoms, viremia, or any other measurable manifestation of RSV infection.
For administering to subjects, such as humans, the invention may employ pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, a nucleic acid molecule and/or a vector as described herein, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient. In the present context, the term "pharmaceutically acceptable" means that the carrier or excipient, at the dosages and concentrations employed, will not cause any unwanted or harmful effects in the subjects to which they are administered. Such pharmaceutically acceptable carriers and excipients are well known in the art (see Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, A. R. Gennaro, Ed., Mack Publishing Company [ 1990]; Pharmaceutical Formulation Development of Peptides and Proteins, S. Frokjaer and L. Hovgaard, Eds., Taylor & Francis [2000]; and Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, 3rd edition, A. ibbe, Ed., Pharmaceutical Press [2000]). The RSV F polypeptides, or nucleic acid molecules, preferably are formulated and administered as a sterile solution although it may also be possible to utilize lyophilized preparations. Sterile solutions are prepared by sterile filtration or by other methods known per se in the art. The solutions are then lyophilized or filled into pharmaceutical dosage containers. The pH of the solution generally is in the range of pH 3.0 to 9.5, e.g. pH 5.0 to 7.5. The RSV F polypeptides typically are in a solution having a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable buffer, and the composition may also contain a salt. Optionally stabilizing agent may be present, such as albumin. In certain embodiments, detergent is added. In certain embodiments, the RSV F polypeptides may be formulated into an injectable preparation.
In certain embodiments, a composition according to the invention further comprises one or more adjuvants. Adjuvants are known in the art to further increase the immune response to an applied antigenic determinant. The terms "adjuvant" and "immune stimulant" are used
interchangeably herein, and are defined as one or more substances that cause stimulation of the immune system. In this context, an adjuvant is used to enhance an immune response to the RSV F polypeptides of the invention. Examples of suitable adjuvants include aluminium salts such as aluminium hydroxide and/or aluminium phosphate; oil-emulsion compositions (or oil-in-water compositions), including squalene-water emulsions, such as MF59 (see e.g. WO 90/14837);
saponin formulations, such as for example QS21 and Immunostimulating Complexes (ISCOMS) (see e.g. US 5,057,540; WO 90/03184, WO 96/1 171 1, WO 2004/004762, WO 2005/002620); bacterial or microbial derivatives, examples of which are monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL), 3-0- deacylated MPL (3dMPL), CpG-motif containing oligonucleotides, ADP-ribosylating bacterial toxins or mutants thereof, such as E. coli heat labile enterotoxin LT, cholera toxin CT, and the like; eukaryotic proteins (e.g. antibodies or fragments thereof (e.g. directed against the antigen itself or CDla, CD3, CD7, CD80) and ligands to receptors (e.g. CD40L, GMCSF, GCSF, etc), which stimulate immune response upon interaction with recipient cells. In certain embodiments the compositions of the invention comprise aluminium as an adjuvant, e.g. in the form of aluminium hydroxide, aluminium phosphate, aluminium potassium phosphate, or combinations thereof, in concentrations of 0.05 - 5 mg, e.g. from 0.075-1.0 mg, of aluminium content per dose.
The pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides may also be administered in combination with or conjugated to nanoparticles, such as e.g. polymers, liposomes, virosomes, virus-like particles. The pre-fusion F polypeptides may be combined with, encapsidated in or conjugated to the nanoparticles with or without adjuvant. Encapsulation within liposomes is described, e.g. in US 4,235,877. Conjugation to macromolecules is disclosed, for example in US 4,372,945 or US 4,474,757.
In other embodiments, the compositions do not comprise adjuvants.
In certain embodiments, the invention provides methods for making a vaccine against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), comprising providing a composition according to the invention and formulating it into a pharmaceutically acceptable composition. The term "vaccine" refers to an agent or composition containing an active component effective to induce a certain degree of immunity in a subject against a certain pathogen or disease, which will result in at least a decrease (up to complete absence) of the severity, duration or other manifestation of symptoms associated with infection by the pathogen or the disease. In the present invention, the vaccine comprises an effective amount of a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide and/or a nucleic acid molecule encoding a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide, and/or a vector comprising said nucleic acid molecule, which results in an immune response against the F protein of RSV. This provides a method of preventing serious lower respiratory tract disease leading to hospitalization and the decrease in frequency of complications such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis due to RSV infection and replication in a subject. The term "vaccine" according to the invention implies that it is a pharmaceutical composition, and thus typically includes a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, carrier or excipient. It may or may not comprise further active ingredients. In certain embodiments it may be a combination vaccine that further comprises other components that induce an immune response, e.g. against other proteins of RSV and/or against other infectious agents. The administration of further active components may for instance be done by separate administration or by administering combination products of the vaccines of the invention and the further active components.
Compositions may be administered to a subject, e.g. a human subject. The total dose of the RSV F polypeptides in a composition for a single administration can for instance be about 0.01 μg to about 10 mg, e.g. 1 g— 1 mg, e.g. 10 μg - 100 g. Determining the recommended dose will be carried out by experimentation and is routine for those skilled in the art.
Administration of the compositions according to the invention can be performed using standard routes of administration. Non-limiting embodiments include parenteral administration, such as intradermal, intramuscular, subcutaneous, transcutaneous, or mucosal administration, e.g. intranasal, oral, and the like. In one embodiment a composition is administered by intramuscular injection. The skilled person knows the various possibilities to administer a composition, e.g. a vaccine in order to induce an immune response to the antigen(s) in the vaccine. A subject as used herein preferably is a mammal, for instance a rodent, e.g. a mouse, a cotton rat, or a non-human-primate, or a human. Preferably, the subject is a human subject.
The polypeptides, nucleic acid molecules, vectors, and/or compositions may also be administered, either as prime, or as boost, in a homologous or heterologous prime-boost regimen. If a boosting vaccination is performed, typically, such a boosting vaccination will be administered to the same subject at a time between one week and one year, preferably between two weeks and four months, after administering the composition to the subject for the first time (which is in such cases referred to as 'priming vaccination'). In certain embodiments, the administration comprises a prime and at least one booster administration.
In addition, the polypeptides of the invention may be used as diagnostic tool, for example to test the immune status of an individual by establishing whether there are antibodies in the serum of such individual capable of binding to the polypeptide of the invention. The invention thus also relates to an in vitro diagnostic method for detecting the presence of an RSV infection in a patient said method comprising the steps of a) contacting a biological sample obtained from said patient with a polypeptide according to the invention; and b) detecting the presence of antibody- polypeptide complexes.
The invention further provides a method for stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation of an RSV F polypeptide, comprising introducing one or more mutations in a RSV Fl domain, as compared to the wild-type RSV Fl domain, wherein the one or more mutations are selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a stabilizing mutation in the HRA region between the secondary structure elements in pre-fusion F that are transformed to one large coiled coil in post fusion F; and (b) introduction of two cysteine residues close to the 3-fold axis at the bottom of the pre- fusion RSV-F head N-terminal to the pre-fusion stem (residues 493 - 525), N- terminal of HRB) that covalently cross-link the Fl subunits in the trimer.
In certain embodiments, the mutation in the HRA region is at position 161.
In certain embodiments, the mutation in the HRA region is at position 173.
In certain embodiments, the mutation in the HRA region is at position 182.
In certain embodiments, the introduction of two cysteine residues is at position 486 and
489.
In certain embodiments, the introduction of two cysteine residues is at position 486 and 487.
Stabilized pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides obtainable and/or obtained by such method also form part of the invention, as well as uses thereof as described above.
The invention is further explained in the following examples. The examples do not limit the invention in any way. They merely serve to clarify the invention.
Examples
EXAMPLE 1
Preparation of stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides - linkers and trimerization domains
In the co-pending patent application PCT/EP2014/058353, stabilized variants of soluble pre-fusion F protein (sF) were designed by stabilizing the two main regions that initiate refolding. The first strategy was to arrest the fusion peptide in its position and prevent it from getting released from the head region by fixing and joining the F1-F2 domains by a short loop. Release of the fusion peptide can be prevented by re-establishing a covalent connection of the N- terminus of Fl to C-terminus of F2. As shown in this example, several different linkers have been tried. The insertion of a 5 amino acid loop between Fl and F2, in particular comprising the amino acid sequence GSGSG (SEQ ID NO: 5), was most successful.
The other unstable region is the second heptad repeat (HRB) region that forms the trimeric helical stem region in pre-fusion F protein. Deletion of the transmembrane domain (TM) in the soluble F protein further destabilizes this region, which was compensated by the addition of different heterologous trimerization domains. The fully processed mature RSV-F ectodomain was fused C-terminally to different trimerization domains and at different positions (i.e. the Fl domain was truncated at different amino acid residues).
Several constructs were made based on either RSV A2 or Bl strains. Different trimerization domains were linked to the RSV Fl domain, which was truncated at different positions. Trimerization domains that were tested included the Fibritin motif (comprising the amino acid sequence: GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 4), and the "Fibritin long" motif, a longer, N-terminal extended Fibritin domain which includes its natural helical regions (comprising the amino acid sequence:
SSLQGDVQALQEAGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 6), that were added to the RSV Fl domain in frame (in register) with the presumed heptad repeat of the HRB region.
Further constructs that were made comprised heptad ideal helical trimeric coiled coils, or Isoleucine Zipper domains (IZ) (Suzuki et al, Protein Engineering 11 : 1051 -1055 (1998)), comprising the amino acid sequence: IEAIEKK (SEQ ID NO: 7). According to the invention different IZ domains were used, referred to as Isoleucine Zipper (L), comprising the amino acid sequence: (I)EKKIEAIEKKIEAIEKKIEAIEAIEKKIEA (SEQ ID NO: 8) and Isoleucine Zipper (S), comprising the amino acid sequence EKKIEAIEK IEAIEKKIEA (SEQ ID NO: 3).
These IZ domains are comparable in structure to GCN4, however, the IZ domains are not natural sequences but designed to be optimal trimerization domains and therefore more stable.
Further constructs were made with other known trimerization domains:
GCN4II
EDKIEEILSKIYHIENEIARI KLIGEA (SEQ ID NO: 9)
Optimized GCN4II
EDKVEELLS IYHIENRIARIEKLVGEA (SEQ ID NO: 10)
Matrilin -1 (long version)
EEDPCECKSrVKFQTKVEELiNTLQQKLEAVAKRIEALEN II (SEQ ID NO: 1 1) Matrillin- 1 short version that only contains zipper domain:
EELINTLQQKLEAVAKRIEALENKII (SEQ ID NO: 12) The following constructs were made:
Construct F18 comprised the Fibritin trimerization domain (SEQ ID NO: 4) linked to amino acid residue 513 of the Fl domain.
Construct F19 comprised the Fibritin trimerization domain (SEQ ID NO: 4) linked to amino acid residue 499 of the Fl domain.
Construct F20 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8) linked to amino acid residue 516 of the Fl domain and comprising additional modifications in HRB to optimize the hydrophobic nature of the heptad positions and facilitate in-frame fusion with the IZ domain. Construct F21 also comprised Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8), but linked to amino acid residue 501 of the Fl domain and without additional modifications in the HRB region.
Construct F22 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (L) domain (SEQ ID NO: 8) linked to amino acid residue 495 of the Fl domain and comprising additional modifications in HRB.
Construct F23 comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) linked to amino acid residue 495.
Construct F46 also comprised the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) but linked to a longer RSV-F ectodomain, i.e. the Fl domain was truncated after amino acid residue 513.
All constructs comprised a HIS-tag.
The constructs were tested for expression levels, storage stability and antibody binding with the antibody CR9501. The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chain variable regions, and of the heavy and light chain CDRs of this antibody are given below. CR9501 comprises the binding regions of the antibodies referred to as 58C5 in WO2012/006596.
The constructs were synthesized and codon-optimized at Gene Art (Life Technologies,
Carlsbad, CA). The constructs were cloned into pCDNA2004 or generated by standard methods widely known within the field involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR and sequenced. The expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies). The cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C02. The culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use. Supernatants from day 5 were evaluated for F protein expression by western blot using the monoclonal antibody CR9503, which comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of the RSV F antibody Motavizumab (referred to as CR9503). The approximate expression levels of the pre-fusion RSV F protein constructs were assessed using CR9503, an anti-human IR-dye conjugated secondary antibody (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE) or a HRP conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). The protein quantities were then estimated using a dilution series of purified RSV standard protein, either by eye or using the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system. To evaluate construct stability and to identify positive or negative stabilizing effects of introduced trimerization motifs, the constructs capable of binding CR9501 were treated at a range of temperatures from 45-65 °C for 30 minutes to test the stability of the CR9501 epitope. This procedure is described in detail in Example 9. The results are summarized in Table 1.
Table 1. Expression and stability of RSV F constructs with different trimerization motifs
Description
RSV Trimerization Termination Expression
Protein motif Modifications point (ug/ml) Stability*
F18 Fibritin None 513 2 unstable
F19 Fibritin None 499 0 N D
Isoleucine 502 509 516
F20 zipper (L) He 516 0 N D
Isoleucine
F21 zipper (L) None 501 0 N D
Isoleucine K483E +
F22 zipper (L) E488K 495 0 N D
Isoleucine
F23 zipper (S) None 495 0.3 1 stable
Isoleucine Did not
F46 zipper (S) None 513 express N D
* Stability is defined as c escribed in Example 8; ND: Not determined,
1 Expression level deterr tiined by Western Blot as described in Example 1. As can be seen in Table 1 , the only constructs that were expressed were the Fibritin variant (F18) and F23. Although F18 was trimeric and showed expression, it was unstable upon storage at 4° C. In contrast, F23 was stable at 4° C, binds to the pre-fusion-specific antibodies, but appeared to be monomeric. Therefore, both variants Fl 8 and F23 were used to optimize for both stability and trimerization.
Next, several constructs were made in which the fusion peptide at the N-terminus of Fl was fixed by fusion to the C-terminus of the F2 domain. All constructs comprised a His-tag. Several constructs were made including constructs in which both furin cleavage sites were mutated resulting in a soluble F protein that still contained the p27 peptide (i.e. F12, F15.1 , and F17). In other constructs the 27 residue region (P27 loop) that is cleaved from the precursor FO was replaced by an alternative closed loop: either by replacing the region of RSV-F by the 'homologous' region of PIV-5 F, the prefusion F protein that had been produced and crystallized successfully (F25), or by replacing the region by a minimal (GS)n loop that would bridge the termini of F2 and Fl (F24), or by replacing the region by the central conserved region of RSV-G (F26). Homology modeling of RSV-F based on PIV-5 and in silico measurements resulted in the choice of a minimal loop of 5 amino acid residues between residues 108 and 136. As a linker, Gly (G) and Ser (S) residues were chosen which are flexible and polar and have a high chance to be accommodated (F24). Additionally, F137 was mutated to S because the local modifications caused by the loop could displace the hydrophobic F and cause instabilities. This is shown below. Also the R106 is mutated to Q and 27 residues (109-135) are replaced by GSGSG.
PAANNRARREAPQYMNYTINTTKNL VSISKKRKRR!36FLGFLLGVG
PAANNQAR GSGSGR136SLGFLLGVG As shown in Table 2, all variants showed no or very low expression except for the variant with the short GSGSG loop (F24) which showed a much higher expression (44 g ml) compared to wild type RSV F construct, i.e. a similar construct, without said linker (Fl 1). F24 which was trimeric, however, was unstable upon storage like all the other variants with a C-terminal Fibritin trimerization motif. All variants contained a HIS-tag.
Table 2. Expression and stability of RSV F constructs with different F1-F2 linkers
Figure imgf000036_0001
* Stability is defined as described in Example 8. Expression level determined as described Example 1.
Next, the most favorable modifications were combined to find the optimal pre-fusion F polypeptides. Combinations were made of variants with the GSGSG loop, C-terminal truncation of Fl, and the addition of either fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 4) or the Isoleucin Zipper (S) motif (SEQ ID NO: 3)(see Table 3). Table 3. Expression and stability of RSV F constructs with combinations of optimizations according to Tables 1 and 2.
Figure imgf000037_0001
ND is not determined
* Storage stability as determined in Example 8. *Heat stability as determined in Example 9. Expression level as determined by Western blotting (described in Example 1)
Addition of the GSGSG-loop always increased the expression of functional constructs as well as the heat stability of the protein. Combination of the GSGSG-loop with the truncated F and isoleucine zipper (S) motif (F43, F47) showed good expression, heat stability and good stability upon storage at 4 °C. However, these variants were still monomeric. The isoleucine zipper (S) trimerization motif showed higher expression with a F variant that was C-terminally truncated F at position 495 (compare F43 with F56 and F23 with F46). In contrast, for variants with the Fibritin trimerization domain a truncation at position 513 showed high expression compared to truncation at position 495 which showed no expression (compare F24 with F44).
Because the HIS-tag could interfere with the native folding of the trimers, variants were made without the HIS-tag for the Fibritin and the isoleucine zipper (S) variant (Table 4). Table 4. Expression and stability of RSV F constructs with and without HIS-tag
Figure imgf000038_0001
* Storage stability determined as described in Example 8; Heat stability determined as described in Example 9; ND: not determined.
Strikingly, deletion of the HIS-tag increased expression in F47. Moreover, for F47 it increased the trimeric content slightly and for F24 it only increased the expression level moderately.
Next, several alternative trimerization domains and truncations were tested in combination with the GSGSG-loop stabilized F variant (F47) (see Table 5). All variants have a GSGSG-loop and contain a HIS-tag.
Table 5. Expression and stability of SV F variants with alternative trimerization domains
Figure imgf000039_0001
Antibody binding is defined as binding on the day of harvest (as described in Example 8;
+ indicates binding; - indicates no binding.
Expression level is determined as described in Example 1. ND: not determined
Only the matrillin 1 domain (Dames-SA et. al., Nat. Strac. Biol., 5(8), 1998) that contains both the N-terminal zipper domain and the C-terminal part with the cysteine residues that can potentially form inter trimeric disulfide bridges was found to enable higher expression levels than F47 (Table 5, Matrillin long). Moreover, the variant with the Matrillin long trimerization motif shows trimeric F proteins. However, the product did not bind to the pre-fusion specific Mab CR9501 and also showed hexameric species which makes the Matrillin 1 trimerization domain not suitable for production of trimeric native F protein. None of the matrillin-based or the GCN4II based zipper motifs showed increased expression or stability relative to F47 (Table 5, Matrillin short, GCN4II optimized). Again, truncation at 495 results in higher expression levels. Addition of a GCN4 motif which contained an optimized trigger sequence showed no expression.
GCN4 II is a trimerization domain that is used successfully for stabilizing the pre-fusion trimer of parainfluenza type 5 (Yin et al., Nature 439:38-44, 2006) and has also been tried by others to stabilize RSV pre-fusion F (as disclosed in e.g. WO2010/149743, WO2010/14975, WO2009/079796, WO2010/158613). The GCN4II trimerization domain was evaluated and compared with the constructs that contain the Isoleucine Zipper (S) domain (SEQ ID NO: 3) or the Fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 4) domain (results shown in Table 6). These variants were also compared with annther modifications, i.e. a short linker based on a single Lysine and the L512K mutation. All variants contained a HIS-tag.
Table 6. Expression and stability of RSV F variants with GCN4II, L512K and p27 replacement amino acid linker (K) between Fl and F2)
Figure imgf000040_0001
Storage stability determined as described in Example 8; Expression levels determined as described in Example 1 ; Heat stability determined as described in Example 9; ND: not determined. The short linkage between Fl and F2 appears to be comparable to the GSGSG loop. Addition of the GCN4II motif does not result in any F protein expression in any of the tested constructs (i.e. the RSV A2 F sequence described in WO2010/149743 or WO2010/149745, the RSV A2 F sequence used according to the invention, nor the RSV Bl F sequence).
It was shown that the introduction of these two types of modifications, i.e. introduction of a linking sequence and the heterologous trimerization domain, was not enough to enable the expression of stable trimeric pre-fusion F protein. Apart from the two main regions of instability that were stabilized, i.e. the HRB and the fusion peptide, as described above, other regions in the pre-fusion F protein also contribute and/or accommodate the dramatic refolding to post-fusion F, and more positions in the sequence can be optimized to stop the pre-fusion F protein from refolding. Therefore, different amino acid residues in the HRA and HRB domain and in all domains that contact these regions in pre-fusion F were mutated to increase the pre-fusion structure stability, as described in the following Examples. EXAMPLE 2
Preparation of stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides - stabilizing mutations
Because the trimeric content (for construct F47) and storage stability (for construct F24) was not optimal, further variants were made that contained point mutations to increase expression levels, stability and native trimeric structure. The results are shown in Table 7 and 8. Table 7. Expression and stability of F47- variants
Figure imgf000042_0001
ND: not determined; Expression level determined as described in Example 1. Heat stability determined as described in Example 9. Nomenclature of mutations based on wt sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1).
All constructs are variants of F47- : type A2, Isoleucin Zipper (S) motif (SEQ ID NO: 3), GSGSG linker; termination point 495, no HIS-tag (SEQ ID NO: 16). As shown in Table 7, many mutations increased the expression of F47-, but only the variant F47 S46G also showed a higher level of trimers besides the high expression.
Table 8 shows the results of the expression and stability of F24 variants. All variants were of RSV type A2, with fibritin motif, GSGSG linker; termination point 513, no HIS-tag. Table 8. Expression and stability of A2_F24- (SEQ ID NO: 19) variants
Expression Storage
RSV Protein (ug/ml) Endpoint Association phase
A2_F24 5,3 69 ND
A2_F24 K508E 5,3 64 ND
A2_F24 K498E 1,7 ND ND
A2_F24 E487I 25,0 10 ND
A2 F24 E487K 7,1 ND ND
A2_F24 E487N 42,4 22 ND
A2_F24 E487P 12,8 46 ND
A2_F24 E487Q* 14,8 50 ND
A2_F24 E487R 8,7 59 ND
A2_F24 E487S 6,7 46 ND
A2 F24 E487Y 10,5 36 ND
A2_F24 D486N 31,2 19 ND
A2_F24 D479N 5,2 ND ND
A2_F24 D479K 1,5 62 ND
A2_F24 E472Q 1,9 ND ND
A2 F24 E472K 0,9 ND ND
A2_F24 K465E 14,8 76 ND
A2_F24 K465Q* 13,6 92 Not stable
A2_F24 E463K 3,1 ND ND
A2_F24 E463Q 6,0 ND ND
A2_F24 G430S 4,8 ND ND
A2_F24 N428R 5,2 35 ND
A2_F24 N426S 18,6 71 ND
A2_F24 K421N 9,2 75 ND
A2_F24 E328K 9,5 21 ND
A2_F24 T311S 3,5 70 ND
A2_F24 1309V 11,3 69 ND
A2_F24 D269V 0,0 ND ND
A2_F24 S215P* 18,7 99 Stable
A2_F24 K209Q 31,4 63 ND
A2_F24 V207P 3,3 79 ND
A2_F24 I206P 5,4 55 ND
A2_F24 L204P 5,9 ND ND
A2_F24 L203P 0,8 ND ND
A2_F24 Q202P 4,4 ND ND
A2_F24 K201Q 21,3 62 ND
A2_F24 D194P 1,9 ND ND
A2_F24 L193P 6,5 42 ND
A2_F24 V192P 0,6 32 ND
A2_F24 185N 50,2 38 ND
A2_F24 GV184EG 3,5 ND ND
A2_F24 G184N 59,8 37 ND
A2_F24 V178P 14,8 23 ND
A2 F24 A177P 2,0 ND ND
A2_F24 K176M 14,7 58 ND
A2_F24 K176E 0,7 ND ND A2 F24 175P 34,3 55 ND
A2_F24 S169P 0,5 ND ND
A2_F24 K168P 0,1 ND ND
A2_F24 K166P 12,3 45 N D
A2_F24 V157P 0,2 ND ND
A2_F24 E92D 47,4 94 Not stable
A2_F24 K85E 1,1 ND ND
A2_F24 K80E 51,9 60 N D
A2_F24 K77E 22,4 ND ND
A2_F24 N67I* 89,8 101 Stable
A2_F24 157V ND ND
A2_F24 VI56IV 16,5 54 N D
A2_F24 S46G* 40,7 96 Not stable
The *marked constructs were tested for trimerization and were all found to be trimeric Expression level determined as described in Example 1. Endpoint stability is shown here as the percentage of pre-fusion antibody binding (CR9501) after 5 days of storage at 4°C relative to day 1 ; Association phase stability is determined as described in Example 10.
Many mutations increased the expression of A2_F24-. For most mutations there was an apparent correlation between improved expression in F47- background (Table 7) and A2 F24- background (Table 8). N67I had more positive impact on F expression in A2_F24- background. The most significant increase in expression was obtained with the single point mutations: S46G, S215P. N67I, K80E, E92D, D486N, G184N, V185N, E487N, N175P, K209Q, E487I, E487Q, K77E, K201Q, N426S and K465Q. In the initial screening using the endpoint stability assay (Example 8) the variants with the highest expression showed the best stability upon storage as well (E92D, K465Q, K465E, N426S, S46G, S215P and 67I). To evaluate if these mutations indeed were stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation, culture supernatants were diluted to 5 and 10 μg/ml based on quantitative western results and these were stored up to 33 days at 4°C. As single point mutants only N67I and S215P were completely stable over time (see Example 10). Subsequently, several mutations that showed high expression and good stability of the pre-fusion conformation were combined to evaluate whether the stabilizations were additive or had a possible synergistic effect (Table 9). Table 9. Expression and stability of variants of A2_F24 with two additional mutations.
Figure imgf000045_0001
Storage stability refers to the association phase analysis illustrated in Example 10.
Expression level was determined as described in Example 1.
All variants are variants of F24-: type A2, fibritin motif, GSGSG linker; termination point 513, binding to all Mabs, no HIS-tag (SEQ ID NO: 19).
When the previously identified point mutations were combined very interesting synergistic effects could be observed especially in terms of expression levels with the combinations involving N67I as the most potent. All produced double mutants where either N67I and S215P was included were stable after more than 30 days storage at 4 °C (Example 10). Strikingly, the mutation N67I was found to have the strongest effect on expression levels of pre- fusion F when included in the double mutants. Next, combinations with the S215P mutations resulted in a reasonable expression. Combination of N67I with S215P was selected since it led to a very high expression level, and because both point mutations were stable upon storage.
Additionally it was observed that both N67I and S215P had the ability to stabilize some of the mutants that as single mutations were unstable indicating that the region where these two mutations are found is central for the conformation changes the protein undergoes during the transition to the post- fusion conformation.
It thus has been shown that at least some mutations resulted in increased expression levels and increased stabilization of the pre-fusion RSV protein. It is expected that these phenomena are linked. The mutations described in this Example all resulted in increased production of pre-fusion F polypeptides. Only a selection of these polypeptides remained stable upon long storage (see Example 10). The stability assay that was used is based on the loss of the pre-fusion specific CR9501 epitope in the top of the pre-fusion F protein in a binding assay and it may not be sensitive enough to measure all contributions to stability of the whole protein. The mutation for which only increased expression is observed are therefore (very likely stabilizing) potential mutations that can be combined with other stabilizing mutations to obtain a pre-fusion F construct with high stability and high expression levels.
Next, it was verified whether the N67I - S215P double mutation, like the single mutations, was able to stabilize point mutations that as single mutants were deemed unstable based on the criteria used. Extra mutations were selected based on the favorable expression levels and stability according to Table 8. Triple mutant RSV-F variants were constructed and tested for expression levels and stability (Table 10). Table 10. Expression and stability of variants of F24_N67I +S215P with one additional mutation.
Figure imgf000047_0001
All variants are variants of A2_F24_N67I +S215P type A2, fibritin motif, GSGSG linker;
termination point 513, binding to all Mabs, no HIS-tag (SEQ ID NO: 21).
* stability refers to the association phase analysis illustrated in Example 10.
+ means <10% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days; ++ means <5% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days; +++ means 0% loss of CR9501 binding after 5 days.
Again, an additive effect on the expression levels was observed. As expected D479N and E487R triple mutants express at somewhat lower levels because the single mutants were also among the lowest of the selected mutations (Table 8). Because of the stabilizing effect of the N67I+S215P mutation, additional mutations that are unstable as single mutants, resulted in stable pre-fusion F variants when they were added to the A2 F24 N67I+S215P background. Some very illustrative examples are the triple mutants with the additional VI 85N, G 184N or E487N which showed high expression but low stability as single mutants (Table 8) but showed even higher expression and were highly stable when added to the A2_F24 N67I+S215P background.
Stabilizing mutations also stabilize RSV-F protein from other strains and also in processed F variant.
Several mutations that showed high expression and good stability of the pre-fusion conformation were applied to RSV F proteins of other strains and were applied to a RSV A2 F variant without furin cleavage site mutations (F18: SEQ ID NO 71) to evaluate whether the modifications are a universal solution to stabilize RSV prefusion F (Table 1 1).
Table 11. Expression and stability of variants of A2_F18 with additional mutations and F from strain Bl (SEQ ID NO: 2) and type A CL57-v224 (SEQ ID NO: 69).
Figure imgf000049_0001
Protein expression (concentration in the supernatant of transiently transfected cells) was measured by Quantitative Octet method.
* Relative expression is normalized to expression of A2_F24_N67I, S215P, E487Q (seq ID #33) ** Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration measured after storage at 4C for 5 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9501 antibody. NA - data not available: no CR9501 binding was detected. When the previously identified point mutations were introduced in A2_F18 (SEQ ID NO. 71), the stability and expression levels were very similar compared with the single chain F24 (SEQ ID NO. 21) variant that contained a short loop between Fl and F2. Again, synergism was observed showing higher expression and stability when mutations were added to variants that contained the N67I or the double mutation N67I, S215P. The double point mutation N67I, S215P did not only stabilize the pre-fusion F of the A2 strain but also pre-fusion of of B l and CL57- v224 strain (Table 11).
Stabilizing mutations also stabilize full length RSV-F protein.
Several mutations that showed high expression and good stability of the pre-fusion conformation in the soluble version of RSV-F corresponding to the ectodomain, were applied to the full length RSV-F protein. The mutations were introduced in full length RSV-F with or without furin cleavage site mutations. No trimerization domain was fused to these variants (Table 12).
Table 12. Expression and stability of variants of full length versions of A2_F18 and A2_F24 with additional mutations.
RSV F protein variant* Attributes
SEQ ID No Expression, fold
Amino acid substitutions Fl, F2 linker increase** Heat-stability***
1
None (F A2 wildtype, full length) none 1 -
N67I none 1.4 N.D.
S215P none 1.4 N.D.
E92D none 1.4 N.D.
N67I, K465Q none 1.4 N.D.
N67I, S46G none 0.2 N.D.
N67I, E92D none 1.4 N.D.
N67I, K80E none 2.3 N.D.
N67I, G184N none 1.5 N.D.
N67I, V185N none 1.4 N.D.
N67I, E487Q none 2.5 N.D.
N67I, S215P,V185N none 2.7 N.D.
N67I, S215P,K508E none 3.0 N.D.
N67I, S215P,K80E none 3.1 N.D.
N67I, S215P,K465Q none 2.9 N.D.
80
N67I, S215P none 2.4 ++
N67I, S215P, G184N none
7.6 ++
N67I, S215P, E92D 82 none 6.8 N.D.
N67I, S215P, S4SG 88 none
6.8 +
N67I, S215P, D486N 86 none
5.9 +++
N67I, S215P, E487Q 84 none 6.2 N.D.
N67I, S215P, S46G, K66E none
12.1 +++
N67I, S215P, D486N, K56E none
9.2 +++
N67I, S215P, S46G, E92D, K66E none
11.8 +++
N67I, S215P, S46G, E487Q, K66E none 11.0 +++
N67I, S215P, S46G, D486N, K66E none 10.5 +++
N67I, S215P, D486N, K66E, 176V none 7.2 +++
N67I, S215P, S46G, K66E, 176V none 9.7 +++
N67I, S215P, S46G, K80E none 4.5 N.D.
N67I+S215P+G184N+K80E+E92D+E487Q+S46G none 9.1 N.D.
Q_GSGSG_S
None 3.8 -
N67I, S215P 81 Q_GSGSG_S 6.2 N.D.
N67I, S215P, G184N Q_GSGSG_S
7.2 ++ N67I, S215P, E92D 83 Q_GSGSG_S 5.9 N.D.
N67I, S215P, S46G 89 Q_GSGSG_S
5.3 ++
N67I, S215P, D486N 87 Q_GSGSG_S
5.2 +++
N67I, S215P, E487Q 85 Q_GSGSG_S 4.6 N.D.
N67I, S215P, S46G, K66E Q_GSGSG_S 11.7 +++
N67I, S215P, D486N, K66E Q_GSGSG_S
13.8 +++
N67I, S215P, D486N, K66E, 176V Q_GSGSG_S 6.8 +++
N67I+S215P+G184N+K80E+E92D+E487Q+S46G Q_GSGSG_S 3.6 N.D.
Expression level determined using FACS. N.D. - not determined. *all variants are based on RSV A2 F protein sequence. ** comparing to wild type protein, fold increase of MFI on 9503.
Stability was assessed by heat treatment of the HEK293T cells for 5 - 10 minutes at 46, 55.3, 60 "C.
*** legend for the stability readout
- decrease in binding to prefusion - specific Mab CR9501 binding after 46 "C (e.g. wild type)
+ slight decrease of CR9501 binding after 46°C but not to same strong extent as wild type
++ no change in CR9501 binding up to 60 °C, at 60 ° C some decrease in CR9501 binding
+++ no change in CR9501 binding at 60 °C
The previously identified stabilizing point mutations were also stabilizing in the full length F protein. The increase in expression level was less pronounced but showed the same trend. This may be caused by the different background the mutations were introduced in but may also be caused by the different quantification method (FACS versus Western blot) and a biological maximum of expression due to recycling of surface proteins. Introduction of the linking sequence (or short loop) increased expression and stability and the point mutations did so too. The point mutations were not or hardly synergistic with the short loop (similar as to what we found for the soluble protein (Table 9-11)
Because the point mutation at position 67 had such positive effect on expression level and stability, all amino acid substitutions were tested for this position to study whether the most optimal were chosen or whether these positions can be improved. (Table 13) Table 13. Full substitution analysis of expression and stability for position 67 in the A2 F24 background.
Figure imgf000053_0001
* Relative expression - protein concentration was measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9503 antibody and expressed relative to concentration of A2_F24 (SEQ ID #19)
** Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration measured after storage at 4C for 5 andlO days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9501 antibody, NA - data not available: no CR9501 binding was detected.
As shown in Table 13, primarily hydrophobic residues and particularly He, Leu and Met at position 67 were able to increase expression and stability. He is the residue that increased expression and stability most. Residues Glu and Gin, the smallest residue Gly and the positively charged residues Arg and Lys had the most destabilizing effect at position 67 on the prefusion conformation. EXAMPLE 3
Preparation of stable pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides according to the present invention
In the research that led to the present invention, further stabilized variants of soluble pre- fusion F protein (sF) were designed by stabilizing the two main regions that initiate refolding. The first strategy was to prevent the refolding of the HRA region into a coiled coil. The second strategy was to construct disulfide bridges N-terminal to HRB to prevent the relocation of the HRB to form the six helix bundle by docking onto the HRA coiled coil.
The constructs were tested for expression levels, storage stability and antibody binding with the antibody CR9501. The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chain variable regions, and of the heavy and light chain CDRs of this antibody are given below. CR9501 comprises the binding regions of the antibodies referred to as 58C5 in WO2012/006596.
The constructs were synthesized and codon-optimized at Gene Art (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, CA). The constructs were cloned into pCDNA2004 or generated by standard methods widely known within the field involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR and sequenced. The expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies). The cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C(¾. The culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use.
Supernatants from day 5 were evaluated for F protein expression by western blot using the monoclonal antibody CR9503, which comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of the RSV F antibody Motavizumab (referred to as CR9503). The approximate expression levels of the pre-fusion RSV F protein constructs were assessed using CR9503, an anti-human IR-dye conjugated secondary antibody (Li-Cor, Lincoln, NE) or a HRP conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA). The protein quantities were then estimated using a dilution series of purified RSV standard protein, either by eye or using the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system. To evaluate construct stability and to identify positive or negative stabilizing effects of introduced trimerization motifs, the constructs were tested for binding to prefusion - specific antibodies after 5, 14 or 30 days of storage at 4 °C This procedure is described in detail in Example 10.
Next, the most favorable modifications were combined to find the optimal pre-fusion F polypeptides. Combinations were made of variants with the GSGSG loop, C-terminal truncation of Fl , and the addition of fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 4). Variants were made that contained point mutations to increase expression levels, stability and native trimeric structure. All variants were of RSV type A2, with fibritin motif, GSGSG linker; termination point 513, no HlS-tag.
According to the invention, the amino acid mutations that stabilize the pre-fusion conformation of the RSV F protein can be grouped into different categories that stabilize the conformation in different manners.
Amino acid residues 16 L 173, 174, 182 and 214
In order to refold from the pre-fusion to the post-fusion conformation, the region between residue 160 and 215 has to transform from an assembly of helices, loops and strands to a long continuous helix. This region demonstrates the most dramatic structural transition. Part of this region actually has the highest alpha-helix prediction. The actual helical structures in the pre- fusion crystal structure are shown below in grey highlights. This whole region is transformed into one large helix when it refolds to the post- fusion conformation. In the bottom sequence the residues are highlighted in grey with the highest helix prediction based on Agadir (http://agadir.crg.es/). It is clear from this comparison that the C-terminal part that is maintained in a beta-hairpin, a connecting loop and a helix in the pre-fusion conformation (residues 187- 202) has a high tendency to form a alpha-helix. 150 160 170 180 190 200 210
SGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYΪDKQLtPIVNKQSC
Hhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhh sssssss ssssssss hhhhh hhhhh
SGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSAELSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSC
Underlined residues have bad angles according to Ramachandran-plot.
The sequence of residues 150 - 212 of RSV-F is shown above. On the second line the secondary structures of the top line are indicated by h (for helix) and s (for strands) based on the crystal structure. Helices are highlighted with grey shading. The bottom line is the same sequence in which the helices are shaded grey based on the helix propensity of the sequence.
The regions that need optimization are the loop regions in between the secondary structural elements (helices and strands) in the labile HRA of pre-fusion RSV-F.
One of the positions in HRA that needs optimization in order to stabilize the pre-fusion conformation of RSV-F is position 161 in the turn between helices 2 (residues 148-157) and 3 (residues 163-172). There are several reasons why optimization of this position could increase the stability of this region:
- The turn positions the negative charge of Glul61 close to the negative charge of Glul63 resulting in destabilizing negative repulsion;
- The Ramachandran plot shows that residue 161 has bad/unfavourable dihydral angles;
- Residue 161 has a high B-factor which reflects high mobility (and suggests instability);
- Residues 160 - 172 display high helix propensity. In this example, residue Glul61 was replaced by Pro to reduce the negative repulsion and stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding, or residue Glul61 was replaced by Gin to reduce the negative charge repulsion, or residue Glul61 was replaced by Gly because it allows a broader range of dihydral angles.
For the region of a2 - turn - a3 (residues 153 - 168), the Brookhaven database was searched for a structurally homologous helix-turn-helix from a stable protein that does not refold in order to find a residue that could replace the unfavourable Glul61. A high structural homology was discovered with a turn in a helix-turn-helix of several proteins that all had a Proline at the homologous 161 position (PDB codes 2hgs, 3kal, 2o2z, 2zk3, and 2zqp). According to the alignment shown below, the substitution of Glul61 by Pro is a good structural solution to stabilize this turn and prevent it from refolding.
AVSKVLHLEGEVNKIK RSV-F HRA 153 - 168
KVQQELSRPGMLEMLL 2hgs
KIQQELAKPGVLERFV 3kal
SVLPNLLVPGICEAIK 2o2z avSKVLH-LEGEVNKIK RSV-F HRA 153 - 168
ikT PLVDdLPGAEEAMS lzk3
AVSKVLH-LEGEVNKIK RSV-F HRA 153 - 168
IMQILVTvVfALEKLSK 2zqp
In certain embodiments, residue Serl73 was replaced by Pro to stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding. In certain embodiments, residue Thrl74 was replaced by Pro to stabilize the turn and prevent it from refolding.
The Ramachandran plot shows that the amino acid residue 182 in the turn between B3 and B4 also has bad/unfavourable dihydral angles. Optimization of this position could increase the stability of the turn and stabilize the B-hairpin. For the region of B3 - turn - B4 (residues 177-189), the Brookhaven database was searched for a structurally homologous B-hairpin from a stable protein that does not refold in order to find a residue that could replace the unfavourable Serl82. A high structural homology was discovered with a turn in a B-hairpin of a putative electron transfer protein that had a Proline at the homologous 182 position (PDB code 3me8). According to the alignment shown below, the substitution of Serl 82 by Pro is a good structural solution to stabilize this turn and prevent it from refolding.
AWSlSNgV-SVLT
WVLsjElQiKDYI
Cystine bridge formation in the bottom of the head region between residues 486, 487, 489 The negatively charged amino acid residues 486, 487 and 489 are part of a switch mechanism that controls the transition between the pre-fusion and post-fusion RSV-F structure. Mutation of Glu487 to Gin will impair this switch and stabilize contact between the protomers in the trimer. These same residue positions can also be used to engineer disulfide bridges between the protomers. Mutations of 2 residues by cysteines as described above will reduce the negative charge repulsion and allow disulfide bridges that will further stabilize the prefusion trimer.
Variants were made that contained point mutations that stabilize the turns between the secondary structural elements in the HRA region of RSV-F pre-fusion protein to increase stability and expression levels of the prefusion conformation. The results are shown in Table 14. Table 14. Expression and stability of A2_F24- (SEQ ID NO: 19) variants
Figure imgf000059_0001
All variants are variants of A2_F24 type A2 that contain a fibritin motif and GSGSG linker between Fl and F2; termination point 513, (SEQ ID NO: 19).
Stability is expressed as % protein concentration measured by Qoctet (Example 10) after storage at 4C or 5 -30 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9502 antibody. NA: data not available: no CR9502 binding was detected..ND : Not determined
Of the single point mutations, substitution of position 173, 182 and especially 161 to Proline resulted in higher expression levels and stability. Removing the charge of residue 161 did stabilize the proteins but did not increase expression levels. The same point mutations had a similar effect in a stabilized pre-fusion F sequence that contained the additional stabilizing N67I and S215P mutation. Mutation of residue 182, 173 and especially 161 to Proline showed the highest increase in stability and expression levels. The E161P mutations that showed high expression and good stability of the pre-fusion conformation was also applied to soluble RSV A2 F ectodomain variants without furin cleavage site mutations (F18: SEQ ID NO 71) to evaluate whether the modifications are a universal solution to stabilize RSV pre-fusion F (Table 15).
Table 15. Expression and stability of variants of A2_F18 (SEQ ID No: 71) with additional mutations
Figure imgf000060_0001
Protein expression (concentration in the supernatant of transiently transfected cells) was measured by Quantitative Octet method.
* Relative expression is normalized to expression of A2_F24_N67I, SUSP, E487Q (seq ID #33)
** Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration measured by Qoctet (Example 10) after storage at 4C for 5 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9501 antibody. ND : Not determined
The E161P mutation also showed a high increase in expression levels in the processed RSV-F protein. When combined with stabilizing point mutations at e.g. position 67, 215 and 487, the E161P mutation resulted in prefusion F variants with high expression levels and high stability. Cystine bridge formation in the bottom of the head region between residues 486, 487, 489
The negatively charged amino acid residues 486, 487 and 489 are part of a switch mechanism that controls the transition between the pre-fusion and post-fusion RSV-F structure. Mutation of Glu487 to Gin will impair this switch and stabilize contact between the protomers in the trimer (previous patent POO). These same residue positions can also be used to engineer disulfide bridges between the protomers. Mutations of 2 residues to cysteines of which one is a negatively charged residue 486, 486 or 489, will reduce the negative charge repulsion and allow disulfide bridges that will further stabilize the prefusion trimer. Several of such variants were tested for expression level and stability of the prefusion conformation (Table 16).
Table 16. Expression and stability of A2_F24- (SEQ ID NO: 19) variants
Figure imgf000062_0001
All variants are variants of A2_F24- type A2 that contain a fibritin motif and GSGSG linker between Fl and F2; termination point 513, (SEQ ID NO: 19).
Stability - is expressed as % protein concentration by Qoctet (Example 10) measured after storage at 4C or 5 -30 days, relatively to the day of harvest. The concentrations were measured by Quantitative Octet method using CR9502 antibody. ND : Not determined
In the metastable F24 background (SEQ ID NO: 19), only a disulfide bridge between residues 486 and 487 resulted in a pre fusion protein with reasonable expression and stability. Because inter-protomeric disulfides need a correct alignment of opposing side-chains, the disulfide connectivity may be more successful in a more stable F protein compared to the metastable F24 variant. Therefore, several of the disulfides were also engineered in the F24 variant that contained the 2 stabilizing mutations N67I and S215P. Indeed, in the stabilized background the proteins with engineered disulfides expressed to much higher levels. Again, the variant with the cysteine mutations at position 486 and 487 expressed to the highest level and expression level was 14 times higher compared with the unstablized variant without the N67I and S215P mutation. Stability of the protein in the supernatant reasonable and still contained 79 % pre- fusion conformation. Higher stability may be reached when the protein is purified. Stability may not have reached 100% because not 100% of the cysteines were connected inter-protomeric as shown in example 4 and 5.
EXAMPLE 4
Western blotting
Culture supernatants were run reduced on 4-12% (w/v) Bis-Tris NuPAGE gels (Life
Technology) and blotted using the iBlot technology (Life Technology). The blots were probed with CR9503 (sequences given below in Table 18) and developed with either a conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) or a IRDye800CW conjugated affinity purified anti-human IgG (rabbit) (Rockland Immunochemicals, GilbertsviUe, PA). In Figure 1 , the expression of DM = Double mutant (N67I+S215P = SEQID 21 ) and
DM+CC = Double mutant + DE486CC = SEQID 94) can be seen. Clear difference between the two proteins could be observed when analyzed reduced and non-reduced. Reduced both proteins migrate as a monomeric species around 55 kDa. Non-reduced the vast majority of the DM is still found as a monomer while the DM+CC predominant species is much higher and predominantly trimeric. This proves that substitution of residue 486 and 487 to cysteine results in a trimer with predominantly inter-protomeric disulfide bridges. EXAMPLE 5
NativePAGE
For initial determination of the multimeric state of the pre-fusion F polypeptides according to the invention, culture supernatants from transiently transfected cells were analyzed in a NativePAGE Bis-Tris gel system (Life Technologies). Subsequently the gels were blotted using the iBlot technolog according to the manufacturer's instructions (Life Technologies). An RSV F protein specific antibody CR9503 (sequences given below in Table 18) was used as primary probe for the detection of pre-fusion RSV F protein and followed by a HRP conjugated mouse anti-human IgG (Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA) or a IRDye800CW conjugated affinity purified anti-human IgG (rabbit) (Rockland Immunochemicals, GilbertsviUe, PA). The blots were developed with either standard film (Codak) or using the Odyssey CLx infrared imaging system. Figure 2 shows the NativePAGE analysis of supernatants from Lane 2: DM = Double mutant (N67I+S215P = SEQID 21) and Lane 1: DM+CC = Double mutant +
DE486CC = SEQID 5A) Both the DM and the DM+CC are primarily trimeric on native page showing that the introduction of disulphides may not lead to intertrimeric cross-linking. Since the DM+CC expresses less well than the DM the missing monomer (arrow) may be due to the fact that it is below the limit of detection.
EXAMPLE 6
Expression of pre-fusion F protein
Expression plasmids encoding the recombinant pre-fusion RSV F protein were generated by standard methods widely known within the art, involving site-directed mutagenesis and PCR. The expression platform used was the 293Freestyle cells (Life Technologies, Renfreshire, UK). The cells were transiently transfected using 293Fectin (Life Technologies) according to the manufacturer's instructions and cultured in a shaking incubator for 5 days at 37°C and 10% C02. The culture supernatant was harvested and spun for 5 min at 300 g to remove cells and cellular debris. The spun supernatant was subsequently sterile filtered using a 0.22 um vacuum filter and stored at 4°C until use.
EXAMPLE 7
Purification of pre-fusion RSV F protein
The recombinant polypeptides were purified by a 2-step purification protocol applying a cat-ion exchange column for the initial purification and subsequently a superdex200 column for the polishing step to remove residual contaminants. For the initial ion-exchange step the culture supernatant was diluted with 2 volumes of 50 mM NaOAc pH 5.0 and passed over a 5 ml HiTrap Capto S column at 5 ml per minute. Subsequently the column was washed with 10 column volumes (CV) of 20 mM NaOAc, 50mM NaCl, 0.01% (v/v) tween20, pH 5 and eluted 2 CV of 20 mM NaOAc, 1M NaCl, 0.01% (v/v) tween20, pH 5. The eluate was concentrated using a spin concentrator and the protein was further purified using a superdex200 column using 40mM Tris, 500mM NaCl, 0.01 % (v/v) tween20, pH 7.4 as running buffer. In Figure 3A the chromatogram from the gel filtration column is shown and the dominant peak contains the pre-fusion RSV F protein. The fractions containing this peak were again pooled and the protein concentration was determined using OD280 and stored a 4°C until use. In Figure 3B a reduced SDS-PAGE analysis of the final protein preparation is shown and as can be seen the purity was >95%. The identity of the band was verified using western blotting and protein F specific antibodies (not shown). Next, the purified protein was tested on NativePAGE and compared with a reference stable trimeric prefusion F protein (SEQID NO: 21) (Fig 3C). EXAMPLE 8
Endpoint stability assay
The verification of the pre-fusion conformation of the expressed polypeptides according to the invention was done using the octet technology using the pre-fusion specific antibodies CR9501 or CR9502, or the non-conformation specific antibody CR9503, which comprises the heavy and light chain variable regions of the commercially available antibody Motavizumab. The antibodies were biotinylated by standard protocols and immobilized on streptavidin biosensors (ForteBio, Portsmouth, UK). The procedure was as follows. After equilibration of the sensors in kinetic buffer ( ForteBio) for 60s the chips were transferred to PBS with 5 ug/ml of the desired antibody. The loading was carried out for 250s. Subsequently another equilibration step was included for 200s in kinetic buffer. Lastly the chips were transferred to the expression culture supernatant containing the pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides and the total binding signal after 1200s was recorded. This phase is also referred to as the association phase. This was done immediately after harvest (day 1) as well as 5 days later (day 5) and the difference in the CR9501 binding was used as a screening tool to identify mutations capable of stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation. A construct was deemed stable if less than 20% loss of binding was observed at day 5 it was deemed stable and if not it was deemed unstable. Stable constructs could then undergo a more stringent stability test if needed. The data analysis was done using the ForteBio Data Analysis 6.4 software (ForteBio). EXAMPLE 9
Heat stability assay
The stabilizing potential of introduced features into the RSV F polypeptides was estimated by heat stress. For that purpose culture supernatant from transiently trans fected cells or purified protein was heated using a range of temperatures. The samples were subsequently cooled on ice to prevent further heat induced conformational changes and probed using the CR9501 antibody on the octet technology platform as described in Example 11. The responses obtained at end of the association phase at the different temperatures were plotted as a function of the temperature and fitted by non-linear regression using the Prism software. This resulted in an estimation of the temperature where the antibody binding level is 50% of the maximum and this value could be used to compare different constructs in terms of pre-fusion heat stability.
EXAMPLE 10
Association phase stability assay
To assess the stability of various point mutations the octet binding assay was developed by using association phase analysis. The CR9501 antibody or CR9502 antibody was used as probes for the prefusion conformation of the RSV-F protein. To reduce potential concentration bias of the endpoint assay, the data points were used from the entire association phase of the experiment. The data were compensated for the amount of bound antibody on the chip. The measurements were done at days 1 , 5 and 33, and the shapes of the curves from the three days were compared. If identical curves were obtained the construct was deemed stable and if not, unstable. EXAMPLE 11 Quantitative Octet
To measure concentration of the pre-fusion RSV F protein in cell culture supernatants, quantitative Octet-based method was used. The CR9501 and CR9503 antibodies were biotinylated by standard protocols and immobilized on Streptavidin biosensors (ForteBio, Portsmouth, UK). Afterwards, the coated biosensors were blocked in mock cell culture supernatant. Quantitative experiment was performed as follows: temperature 30C, shaking speed 1000 rpm, time of the assay 300 sec. Concentration of the protein in the cell culture supernatant was calculated using standard curve. The standard curve was prepared for each coated antibody using the A2_F24_N67I+S215P (SEQ ID# 21) protein, diluted in mock cell culture supernatant. The measurement was done on the day of supernatant harvest (dayl) and after storage of the supernatant at 4C for 5 days or longer. The difference in the concentration determined with the CR9501 or CR9502 was used as a screening tool to identify mutations capable of stabilizing the pre-fusion conformation. A construct was deemed stable if less than 20% decrease of measured concentration was observed at day 5. The data analysis was done using the ForteBio Data Analysis 6.4 software (ForteBio).
EXAMPLE 12
Preclinical evaluation of prefusion F immunogenicity To evaluate the immunogenicity of a stabilized pre-fusion RSV F (A2F24,N67I, S215P)
(SEQ ID NO: 21) we immunized mice according to Table 19 with 0.5 or 5 ug in a prime - boost regimen at week 0 and week 4. As shown in Figure 4, mice immunized with pre-fusion F showed higher VNA titers than mice immunized with post- fusion RSV F. Table 19. Immunization scheme
Figure imgf000069_0001
Next, cotton rats were immunized with two different doses of RSV-F in either the post- fusion or the pre-fusion conformation (Table 20). Animals were immunized i.m. at week 0 and week 4. Figure 5 demonstrates high neutralizing antibody titers at the day of challenge (week7).
Table 20. Groups, immunogen and dose for immunogenicity evaluation and efficacy in cotton rats
Figure imgf000070_0001
Five days after challenge the lung and nose viral load was measured (see Figure 6).
As shown, the pre-fusion F polypeptides according to the invention are able to induce a strong protective immune response that reduced viral load in the lung and even in the nose.
Table 17. Standard amino acids, abbreviations and properties
Amino Acid 3-Lettei 1-Letter Side chain Side chain charge (pH 7.4) polarity
alanine Ala A non-polar Neutral arginine Arg R polar Positive asparagine Asn N polar Neutral aspartic acid Asp D polar Negative cysteine Cys C non-polar Neutral glutamic acid Glu E polar Negative glutamine Gin Q polar Neutral glycine Gly G non-polar Neutral histidine His H polar positive(10%) neutral(90%) isoleucine He I non-polar Neutral leucine Leu L non-polar Neutral lysine Lys K polar Positive methionine Met M non-polar Neutral phenylalanine Phe F non-polar Neutral
proline Pro P non-polar Neutral serine Ser S polar Neutral threonine Thr T polar Neutral tryptophan Trp w non-polar Neutral tyrosine Tyr Y polar Neutral valine Val V non-polar Neutral
Table 18. Amino acid sequences of antibodies CR9501 and CR9502
Figure imgf000072_0001
The amino acid sequence of several of the pre-fusion RSV F constructs is given below. It is noted that the amino acid numbering in the different constructs described herein is based on the wild-type sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1), which means that all amino acids from position 1 to and including position 108 of the pre-fusion constructs correspond to the amino acid positions 1-108 of the wild-type sequence, whereas the numbering of the amino acids from position 138 to the end is shifted 22 amino acids, i.e. LBS in the wild-type sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1) corresponds to LI 16 in all the pre-fusion constructs. This is due to the fact that a deletion has been made in the pre-fusion constructs i.e. the insertion of the GSGSG linker the actual numbering in Fl is not the same between constructs. Thus, the numbering used with respect to the specific mutations according to the invention, e.g. S215P, refers to the position of the amino acid in the wild type sequence. Sequences
RSV F protein A2 full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 1)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKNKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNRARRELPRFMNYTLN
NAK TNVTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAVV
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNA
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC V
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG T
KCTASNKNRGII TFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYD
PLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAV
GLLLYCKARSTPVTLSKDQLSGINNIAFSN
RSV F protein Bl full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 2)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKETKCNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTPAANNRARREAPQYMNYTIN
TTKNLNVSISKKRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYINNQLLPIVNQQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAG
VTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQL
PIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSN
RVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTA
SNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVF
PSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRRSDELLHNVNTGKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIWLLSLIAIGLLL
YCKAKNTPVTLS DQLSGI NIAFSK
SEQ ID NO: 3
EK IEAIEK IEAIEKKIEA
SEQ ID NO: 4
GYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL SEQ ID NO: 5
GSGSG
F8: RSV A2, wt ectodomain (SEQ ID NO: 13)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTLN
NAK TNVTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAW
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKN RLLEITREFSV A
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC V
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG T
KCTASNKNRGII TFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYV KQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYD
PLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHHHHHHHH
Fll: RSV Bl, wt ectodomain (SEQ ID NO: 14)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKETKCNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTPAAN RARREAPQYMNYTIN
TTKNLNVSISKKRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN QLLPIVNQQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSV AG
VTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQL
PIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSN
RVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTA
SNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVF
PSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIRRSDELLHHHHHHHH
F47: RSV A2, linker stabilized, IZ(S) (SEQ ID NO: 15)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVEK IEAIEK KIEAIEKKIEAGGIEGRHHHHHHHH
F47-: RSV A2, linker stabilized, IZ(S) (SEQ ID NO: 16)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVEK IEAIEK
KIEAIEKKIEAGG
F43: RSV Bl, linker stabilized, IZ(S) (SEQ ID NO: 17)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKET CNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKY NAVTELQLLMQNTPAANNQARGSGSGRSLGFLL
GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEV IKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIVNQQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVEKKIEAIEK
KIEAIEKKIEAGGIEGRHHHHHH
F24: RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 18)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS NIKET CNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKY NAVTELQLLMQNTPAANNQARGSGSGRSLGFLL GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIV QQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEG NLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLA
FIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGRHHHHHH
A2 F24: RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 19)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24-: RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 20)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKETKCNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTPAA NQARGSGSGRSLGFLL
GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIV QQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR A2_F24 N67I+S215P: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 21)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24-N67I+S215P: RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 22)
MELLIHRLSAIFLTLAINALYLTSSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSRGYFSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTP AANNQ ARG S GS GRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYr QL
LPIVNQQSCRIPNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPI
TNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIK
EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDI
FNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN GV
DTVSVGNTLYYV KLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRR
SDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVR DGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+E92D: RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 23)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA FIPvKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVPvKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24- N67I+E92D RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 24)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQNTPAA QARGSGSGRSLGFLL
GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIV QQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLA
FIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+K465Q RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 25)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGQSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24- N67I+K465Q RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 26)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTP AANNQ ARG S GS GRSLGFLLG VGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYINNQL LPIVNQQSCRIPNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPI TNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIK
EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDI
FNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN GV
DTVSVGNTLYYV KLEGQNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRR
SDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVR DGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S46G RSV A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ DD NO: 27)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPAT NQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24- N67I+S46G RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 28)
MELLIHRLSAIFLTLAINALYLTSSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSRGYFGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQNTPAA QARGSGSGRSLGFLL
GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIV QQSCRISNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEG NLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLA
FIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 E92D+S215P: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 29)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
F24-E92D+S215P: RSV Bl, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 30)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS
NIKET CNGTDTKVKLIKQELDKY NAVTDLQLLMQNTPAA QARGSGSGRSLGFLL
GVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN
QLLPIWQQSCRIPNIETVIEFQQ NSRLLEINREFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLIND
MPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCN
TDIFNSKYDCKIMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLA
FIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K508E: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 31)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRESDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR A2_F24 N67I+S215P+E487I: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 32)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDIFDASISQVNEKINQSLAF
IRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+E487Q: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 33)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK NRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYV KQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDQFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+E487N: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 34)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSD FDASISQVNEKINQSLA FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+D486N: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 35)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEV LCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSNEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K465E: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 36)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGESLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K465Q: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 37)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGQSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+N426S: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 38)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASSKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+K421N: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 39)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT NQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK NRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKT CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K209Q: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 40)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS NIKKIKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q LLPIV QQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24 N67I+S215P+K201Q: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 41)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYIDQQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+V185N: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 42)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGNSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR A2_F24 N67I+S215P+G184N: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 43)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSN VSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSV AGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+N175P: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 44)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTPKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+E92D: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 45)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPAT NQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR A2 F24 N67I+S215P+K80E: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 46)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIEQELD YKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATN QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+K77E: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 47)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKIELIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATN QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSF SIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24 N67I+S215P+S46G: A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 48)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPPvDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24: RSV S46G A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 49)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEV LCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24: RSV K465Q A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 50)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQ
LLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGQSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2_F24: RSV N67I A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 51)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
A2 F24: RSV E92D A2, linker stabilized, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 52)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSISNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFLGGIEGR
RSV F protein CL57-v224 full length sequence (SEQ ID NO: 69)
MELPILKTNAITTILAAVTLCFASSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKENKCNGTDAKVKLIKQELD YKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAA RARRELPRFMNYTLN
NT VTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAW
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKN RLLEITREFSV A
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC V
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNIDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNV VGKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLLLIAV
GLFLYCKARSTPVTLSKDQLSGINNIAFSN Ectodomain, RSV CL57-v224 (SEQ ID NO: 70)
MELPILKTNAITTILAAVTLCFASSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKENKCNGTDAKVKLIKQELD YKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAA RARRELPRFMNYTLN
NT VTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAW
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKN RLLEITREFSV A
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC V
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNIDIF PKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELL
PreF, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 71)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK NKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT NRARRELPRFMNYTLN
NAK TNVTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAW
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSISNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSV A
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC V
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG T
KCTASNKNRGII TFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYV KQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYD
PLVFPSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLL
STFL
PreF N67I S215P, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 72)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSKKRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I S215P, RSV Bl, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 73)
MELLIHRLSAIFLTLAINALYLTSSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSRGYFSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTPAA RARREAPQYMNYTIN
TTKNLNVSISKKRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKNALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN QLLPIVNQQSCRIPNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINREFSV AG
VTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQL
PIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSN
RVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDIFNSKYDCKF TSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTA
SNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYV KLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVF
PSDEFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIRRSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL
RSV N67I S215P, RSV CL57-v224, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 74)
MELPILKTNAITTILAAVTLCFASSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDAKVKLIKQELD YKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAA RARRELPRFMNYTLN
NT VTLS KRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAW
SLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKN RLLEITREFSV A
GVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYW
QLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKV
QSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNIDIFNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreFL N67I S215P, RSV Bl, fibritin, Loop (SEQ ID NO: 22)
MELLIHRLS AIFLTLAINALYLTS S QNITEEF YQ STC S AVSRGYF S ALRTG WYT S VITIELS NIKEIKCNGTDT VKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQNTP AA Q ARG S GS GRSLGFLLG VGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKNALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIN QL LPIVNQQSCRIPNIETVIEFQQKNSRLLEINPvEFSVNAGVTTPLSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPI
TNDQKKLMSSNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPIYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNIK
EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQADTCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVSLCNTDI
FNSKYDC IMTSKTDISSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN GV
DTVSVGNTLYYV KLEGKNLYVKGEPIINYYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRR
SDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVR DGEWVLLSTFL
PreFL N67I S215P, RSV CL57-v224, fibritin, Loop (SEQ ID NO: 75)
MELPILKTNAITTILAAVTLCFASSQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKEIKCNGTDAKVKLIKQELD YKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAA QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGIAVSKVLHLEGEV KIKSALLSTNKAWSLSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQL
LPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKN RLLEITREFSV AGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPI
TNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSII EEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNT
KEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEV LCNIDI
FNPKYDCKIMTSKTDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYG TKCTASN NRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKG
VDTVSVGNTLYYV QEGKSLYV GEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQV EK iQSLAFIR
KSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLSTFL
PreF N67I S215P E487Q, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 76)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSKKRKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NNRLLEITREFSV AG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDQFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIR SDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL PreF N67I S215P K201N, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 77)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDNQLLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I S215P E92D, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO:78)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPATN RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I S215P D486N, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 79)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP LVFPSNEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS TFL
Fwt N67I S215P, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 80)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEV LCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNV AVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVG
LLLYCKARSTPVTLS DQLSGINNIAFSN
Fsl N67I S215P, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 81)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATN QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVGLLLYCB ARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN
NIAFSN Fwt N67I S215P E92D, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 82
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPATN RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKIKSALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNV AVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVG
LLLYCKARSTPVTLS DQLSGINNIAFSN
Fsl N67I S215P E92D, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 83)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTDLQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSN VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVGLLLYCB ARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN
NIAFSN
Fwt N67I S215P E487Q, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 84)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP LVFPSDQFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIR SDELLHNVNAV STTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAV GLLLYCKARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN IAFSN
Fsl N67I S215P E487Q, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 85)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATN QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDQFDASISQVNEKINQSLA
FIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVGLLLYCKARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN
NIAFSN
Fwt N67I S215P D486N, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 86)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATN RARRELPRFMNYTLN
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSNEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNV AVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVG
LLLYCKARSTPVTLS DQLSGINNIAFSN Fsl N67I S215P D486N, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 87)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LI QELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT QARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEV IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN
VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN
KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSNEFDASISQVNE INQSLA
FIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVGLLLYCKARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN
NIAFSN
Fwt N67I S215P S46G, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 88)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNRARRELPRFMNYTLNN
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVG
LLLYCKARSTPVTLS DQLSGINNIAFSN
Fsl N67I S215P S46G, membrane-bound RSV F, A2, (SEQ ID NO: 89)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLGALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNQARGSGSGRSLGFLLG
VGSAIASGVAVSKVLHLEGEVN IKSALLSTN AWSLSNGVSVLTS VLDLKNYID Q
LLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQKNNRLLEITREFSVNAGVTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDM
PITNDQKKLMSNNVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYVVQLPLYGVIDTPCW LHTSPLCTT
NT EGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETC VQSNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCN VDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTKCTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSN KGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDPLVFPSDEFDASISQVNE INQSLA FIRKSDELLHNVNAVKSTTNIMITTIIIVIIVILLSLIAVGLLLYC ARSTPVTLSKDQLSGIN NIAFSN
CR9501 heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 53):
QVQLVQSGPGLVKPSQTLALTCNVSGASINSD YYWTWIRQRPGGGLEWIGHISYTGNT YYTPSL SRLSMSLETSQSQFSLRLTSVTAADSAVYFCAACGAYVLISNCGWFDSWGQG TQVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSW SGALTSGVHTF P AVLQ S S GLYS LS SWT VP S S SLGTQTYICNVNHKP SNTKVDKKVEPKS C
CR9501 light chain (SEQ ID NO: 61):
EIVMTQSPSSLSASIGDRVTITCQASQDISTYLNWYQQKPGQAPRLLIYGASNLETGVPSR FTGSGYGTDFSVTISSLQPEDIATYYCQQYQYLPYTFAPGTKVEI RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDE QL SGTASWCLLNNFYPREAKVQW VDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLS KADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC
CR9502 heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 57):
EVQLLQSGAELK PGASVKISCKTSGFTFSGHTIAWVRQAPGQGLEWMGWVSTN GNT EYAQKIQGRVTMTMDTSTSTVYMELRSLTSDDTAVYFCAREWLVMGGFAFDHWGQGT LLTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFP AVLQSSGLYSLSSWTVPSSSLGTQTYICNV HKPSNTKVDKRVEPKSC
CR9502 light chain (SEQ ID NO: 65):
QSVLTQASSVSVAPGQTARITCGA NIGSQNVHWYQQKPGQAPVLWYDDRDRPSGIP DRFSGSNSGNTATLTISRVEAGDEADYYCQVWDSSRDQAVIFGGGTKLTVLGQPKAAPS VTLFPPSSEELQAN ATLVCLISDFYPGAVTVAWKADSSPVKAGVETTTPS QS KYA ASSYLSLTPEQWKSHRSYSCQVTHEGSTVEKTIAPTECS PreF N67I E161P S215P E4870, RSV A2, fibritin (SEP ID NO; 90)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLPGEV KI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDQFDASISQV EKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I E161P S215P. RSV A2. fibritin iSEO ID NO; 91)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNRARRELPRFMNYTLNN
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLPGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I S173P S215P, RSV A2, fibritin (SEQ ID NO: 92)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLPTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ NRLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQKKLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS TFL
PreF N67I S182P S215P, RSV A2, fibritin (SEP ID NO: 93)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIK IKCNGTDAKI LIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPAT RARRELPRFMNYTL
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LPNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIV KQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQ RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS VQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSDEFDASISQVNEKINQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL
PreF N67I S215P D486C E487C. RSV A2. fibritin iSEO ID NO: 94)
MELLILKANAITTILTAVTFCFASGQNITEEFYQSTCSAVSKGYLSALRTGWYTSVITIELS
NIKKIKCNGTDAKIKLIKQELDKYKNAVTELQLLMQSTPATNNRARRELPRFMNYTLNN
AKKTNVTLSK RKRRFLGFLLGVGSAIASGVAVS VLHLEGEVNKI SALLSTNKAWS
LSNGVSVLTSKVLDLKNYIDKQLLPIVNKQSCSIPNIETVIEFQQK RLLEITREFSVNAG
VTTPVSTYMLTNSELLSLINDMPITNDQ KLMS NVQIVRQQSYSIMSIIKEEVLAYWQ
LPLYGVIDTPCWKLHTSPLCTTNTKEGSNICLTRTDRGWYCDNAGSVSFFPQAETCKVQ
SNRVFCDTMNSLTLPSEVNLCNVDIFNPKYDCKIMTS TDVSSSVITSLGAIVSCYGKTK
CTASNKNRGIIKTFSNGCDYVSNKGVDTVSVGNTLYYVNKQEGKSLYVKGEPIINFYDP
LVFPSCCFDASISQVNEKTNQSLAFIRKSDELLSAIGGYIPEAPRDGQAYVRKDGEWVLLS
TFL

Claims

Claims
1. A recombinant pre-fusion respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Fusion (F) polypeptide, comprising at least one epitope that is specific to the pre-fusion conformation F protein, wherein the at least one epitope is recognized by a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 54, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 55, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 56 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 62, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 63, and a light chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 64 and/or a pre-fusion specific monoclonal antibody, comprising a heavy chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 58, a heavy chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 59, a heavy chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 60 and a light chain CDRl region of SEQ ID NO: 66, a light chain CDR2 region of SEQ ID NO: 67, and a light chain CDR3 region of SEQ ID NO: 68, wherein the polypeptide comprises an Fl domain and an F2 domain, and wherein the polypeptides comprise at least one mutation, as compared to wild-type Fl and F2 domains, selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 161 ;
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 182;
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 173; and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C).
2. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 1 , wherein the polypeptide is trimeric.
3. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the least one mutation is selected from the group consisting of:
(a) a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 161 into P, Q or G (El 6 IP, E161Q) or E161G);
(b) a mutation of the amino acid residue S on position 182 into P (S182P);
(c) a mutation of the amino acid residue S, T or N on position 173 into P (S 173P); and
(d) a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 486 into C (D486C) in
combination with a mutation of the amino acid residue D on position 489 into C (D489C) or a mutation of the amino acid residue E on position 487 into C (E487C).
4. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the polypeptide further comprises a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 67 and/or a mutation of the amino acid residue on position 215.
5. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 4, wherein the polypeptide comprise a mutation of the amino acid residue N or T on position 67 and/or a mutation of amino acid residue S on position 215.
6. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the polypeptide comprises a linking sequence comprising from 1 to 10 amino acids, linking the Fl domain and F2 domain.
7. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to anyone of the preceding claims, wherein the polypeptide comprises a truncated Fl domain.
8. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 7, wherein the polypeptide comprises a heterologous trimerization domain linked to said truncated Fl domain
9. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 8, wherein the heterologous
trimerization domain comprises the amino acid sequence
GYIPEAPRDGQAYVR DGEWVLLSTFL (SEQ ID NO: 4).
10. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to claim 12, wherein the trimerization domain is linked to amino acid residue 513 of the RSV F protein.
1 1. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the Fl domain and/or the F2 domain are from an RSV A strain.
12. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the preceding claims 1 -15, wherein the Fl domain and/or the F2 domain are from an RSV B strain.
13. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the polypeptide comprises an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 90 - SEQ ID NO: 94.
14. Nucleic acid molecule encoding a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any one of the preceding claims 1-13.
15. Nucleic acid molecule according to claim 14, wherein the nucleic acid molecule has been codon-optimized for expression in mammalian cells.
16. Vector comprising a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 14 or claim 15.
17. Composition comprising a pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the claims 1-13, a nucleic acid molecule according to claim 14 or claim 1 and/or a vector according to claim 16.
18. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the claims 1-13, a nucleic acid
molecule according to claim 14 or claim 15 and/or a vector according to claim 16 for use in inducing an immune response against RSV F protein.
19. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the claims 1-13, a nucleic acid
molecule according to claim 14 or claim 15 and/or a vector according to claim 16 for use as a vaccine.
20. Pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide according to any of the claims 1-13, a nucleic acid
molecule according to claim 14 or claim 15 and/or a vector according to claim 16 for use in the prophylaxis and/or treatment of RSV infection.
PCT/EP2014/062655 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion rsv f polypeptides WO2014202570A1 (en)

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JP2016520435A JP6679475B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptide
MX2015017771A MX362792B (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion rsv f polypeptides.
US14/899,531 US10294279B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides
EP14731940.4A EP3010931B1 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion rsv f polypeptides
AU2014283334A AU2014283334B2 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides
CN201480034307.1A CN105408348B (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 Stabilized soluble pre-fusion RSV F polypeptides
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BR112015031509-7A BR112015031509B1 (en) 2013-06-17 2014-06-17 RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS (RSV) FUSION POLYPEPTIDE (F) RECOMBINANT PRE-FUSION AND COMPOSITION INCLUDING IT
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