WO2014148430A1 - 電線及びコイル - Google Patents
電線及びコイル Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014148430A1 WO2014148430A1 PCT/JP2014/057129 JP2014057129W WO2014148430A1 WO 2014148430 A1 WO2014148430 A1 WO 2014148430A1 JP 2014057129 W JP2014057129 W JP 2014057129W WO 2014148430 A1 WO2014148430 A1 WO 2014148430A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- electric wire
- copper
- resistance
- frequency
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/30—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form with arrangements for reducing conductor losses when carrying alternating current, e.g. due to skin effect
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
- H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
- H01F27/2823—Wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F5/00—Coils
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
- H05B6/02—Induction heating
- H05B6/36—Coil arrangements
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electric wires and coils used at high frequencies.
- an electric wire having a volume resistivity higher than that of a copper wire is smaller than that of a copper wire in a specific frequency range where the high-frequency resistance is equal to or smaller than that of the copper wire by utilizing the fact that the proximity effect loss is smaller than that of the copper wire. It is also known to use an electric wire having a high volume resistivity (see, for example, Patent Document 6). In addition, formulation of resistance by proximity effect is being studied (for example, see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- JP 2009-129550 A Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. Sho 62-76216 JP 2005-108654 A International Publication No. 2006/046358 JP 2002-150633 A International Publication No. 2012/023378
- Patent Document 6 although the frequency range in which the AC resistance is equal to or less than that of the copper wire is defined, the value of the frequency itself is not defined. For this reason, when designing an electric wire or a coil, it may be difficult to determine whether the AC resistance can be equal to or smaller than that of a copper wire at the frequency used, and it may be difficult to design the electric wire or the coil.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electric wire and a coil whose alternating current resistance can be equal to or less than that of a copper wire and can be easily designed, and an electric wire that can be easily designed. Is to provide a design method.
- the radius of the wire is smaller than the skin depth, and the AC resistance value of the wire at the frequency at which the wire is used is the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the entire wire and the cross-sectional area of the first layer of the wire to the DC resistance value of the wire.
- An electric wire that is defined to be equal to or more than the sum of the DC resistance value of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire is provided.
- a single-layer structure having a first layer made of a material having a lower conductivity than copper, or a two-layer structure in which a second layer made of copper is formed around the first layer.
- the electric wire has a radius smaller than the skin depth, and the AC resistance value of the electric wire at the frequency at which the electric wire is used is the cross-sectional area of the entire electric wire and the cross-sectional area of the first layer of the electric wire.
- an electric wire which is a single layer structure having a first layer made of a material having a lower conductivity than copper, or a second layer made of copper around the first layer.
- the wire AC radius is smaller than the skin depth, and the AC resistance value of the wire at the frequency at which the wire is used is the DC resistance value of the wire.
- a method of designing an electric wire that is designed to be equal to or greater than the sum of the value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of the first layer and the direct current resistance value of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire.
- alternating current resistance can be reduced or equivalent to a copper wire, and the electric wire and coil which can be designed easily, and the design method of the electric wire which can design this electric wire easily Can be provided.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electric wire according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a graph for explaining the skin depth according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view for explaining the skin effect of the electric wire.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing calculated values of the relationship between the frequency of the electric wire and the AC resistance according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged graph of a part of FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing calculated values and actual measurement values of the relationship between the frequency of the electric wire and the AC resistance according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a graph showing measured values obtained by enlarging a part of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of an electric wire according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing a calculated value and an actual measurement value of the relationship between the frequency of the electric wire and the AC resistance according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing actual measurement values obtained by enlarging a part of FIG.
- the electric wire 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is made of a wire having a lower conductivity than copper, and the radius a of the electric wire 1 is smaller than the skin depth, and the electric wire 1 is used.
- the AC resistance value of the electric wire 1 at a frequency is determined to be equal to or greater than the sum of the DC resistance value of the electric wire 1 and the DC resistance value of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1.
- the current density on the conductor surface is the highest, and the current density decreases exponentially from the conductor surface toward the conductor center. This is called the skin effect.
- the depth at which the current density obtained by multiplying the current density on the conductor surface by 1 / e is defined as the “skin depth”. e is the base of the natural logarithm and 1 / e is about 0.37.
- the frequency at which the electric wire 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is used is appropriately set according to the specifications of each product, and is not particularly limited. For example, it may be about 1 kHz to 1 MHz, or about 10 kHz to 100 kHz. In the case of an IH cooker, it may be about 20 kHz to 100 kHz. If it is a product that uses the commercial power supply frequency as it is in Japan, the United States, Europe, China, etc., it may be about 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
- the diameter of the electric wire 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is preferably about 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm, but is not particularly limited.
- copper alloys such as brass, phosphor bronze, silicon bronze, copper / beryllium alloy, and copper / nickel / silicon alloy can be used.
- brass is an alloy (Cu—Zn) containing copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), and may contain a small amount of elements other than copper and zinc.
- Silicon bronze is an alloy (Cu—Sn—Si) containing copper, tin (Sn) and silicon (Si), and may contain a small amount of elements other than copper, tin and silicon.
- Phosphor bronze is an alloy (Cu—Sn—P) containing copper, tin and phosphorus (P), and may contain a small amount of elements other than copper, tin and phosphorus.
- These copper alloy wires may be plated with tin, copper, chromium (Cr), or the like.
- the electric wire 1 may have various shapes such as a rectangular shape in addition to a cylindrical shape.
- covered on the outer periphery of the aluminum (Al) wire may be sufficient.
- the diameter of the entire CCA line is preferably about 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm, but is not particularly limited.
- the cross-sectional area of the copper layer is greater than 0 and 30% or less, preferably about 3% to 15%, more preferably about 3% to 10% with respect to the cross-sectional area of the entire wire including the aluminum wire and the copper layer. More desirably, it is about 3% to 5%.
- the AC resistance can be reduced.
- the aluminum wire for example, electrical aluminum (EC aluminum) or an Al—Mg—Si based alloy (JIS6000 series) aluminum alloy can be used.
- an eddy current flows in the conductor due to the magnetic flux in the conductor, and the eddy current increases the AC resistance as a skin effect.
- an eddy current flows in the conductor by the external magnetic flux, and the eddy current increases the AC resistance as a proximity effect.
- the AC resistance R ac per unit length of the electric wire or coil can be expressed by the following formula (1).
- R s is the resistance of the strand per unit length including an increase due to the skin effect
- R p is the resistance of the strand per unit length due to the proximity effect.
- R s and R p are expressed by the following formulas (2) and (3).
- j is an imaginary unit
- ⁇ is a circular ratio
- ⁇ is an angular frequency
- ⁇ 0 is a vacuum permeability
- a is a wire radius
- J n represents an nth-order first-order Bessel function
- ⁇ is a coefficient representing the strength of the magnetic field acting on the wire.
- the resistance of the coil or electric wire is proportional to the length of the conductor constituting the coil or electric wire, and inversely proportional to the number of conductors constituting the coil or electric wire. Therefore, when the length of the conductor is 1 and the number of conductors is N, the AC resistance of the coil or the wire is expressed by the following equation (5).
- the loss of the coil having the number N of strands, the number T of turns, and the length of the conductor of each turn l i is expressed by the following formula (7).
- i 0 is a wire current.
- ⁇ is represented by the following equation (9).
- H i by assuming a wire or a coil shape, calculation and using the finite element method is obtained by calculation using the Ampere law, and the like.
- the wire 1 having a conductivity lower than that of copper is used, and the radius a of the electric wire 1 is smaller than the skin depth. Is defined to be equal to or greater than the sum of the direct current resistance of the electric wire 1 and the direct current resistance of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1.
- the electric conductivity of the electric wire 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention is ⁇ 1 [ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ], and the electric conductivity of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1 is ⁇ 2 [ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ], a coefficient representing the strength of the magnetic field acting on the electric wire 1 is ⁇ [m ⁇ 1 ], the circularity is ⁇ , the radius of the electric wire 1 and the copper wire is a [m], and the vacuum permeability AC resistance of the electric wire 1 at the frequency to be used, where the magnetic susceptibility is ⁇ 0 [H / m], the number of conductors constituting the electric wire 1 is N [number], and the length of the conductor constituting the electric wire 1 is l [m].
- R [ ⁇ ] is defined so as to satisfy the following expression (17).
- the frequency f [kHz] at this time satisfies the following formula (18).
- the AC resistance at the frequency at which the electric wire or the coil is used, the AC resistance may be equal to or less than that of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire. it can. Furthermore, the AC resistance at the frequency at which the electric wire 1 or coil is used can be defined using the DC resistance of the electric wire and the DC resistance of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire. Can be designed more easily.
- Example 4 and 5 show a coil in which copper or aluminum is used, and an enamel wire having an outer diameter of 0.4 mm and a finished diameter of 0.43 mm is twisted and wound on a bobbin having an inner diameter of 20.0 mm for 42 turns.
- the results obtained by calculating the AC resistance of (2) to (5) and (9) are shown.
- the conductivity of copper was calculated as 5.80 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1
- the conductivity of aluminum was calculated as 3.70 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1 .
- the value of ⁇ was 5.6 mm ⁇ 1 .
- Al coil the DC resistance of the aluminum coil
- Cu coil the copper coil
- the AC resistance of the Al coil is greater than the AC resistance of the Cu coil.
- the AC resistances of the Al coil and the Cu coil coincide with each other at R 1 .
- the proximity effect loss is dominant, and the magnitude of the AC resistance is reversed.
- the AC resistance of the Al coil and the Cu coil coincides with R 2 at the frequency f 2 .
- the proximity effect is greater than that of copper, so the AC resistance of the Al coil is greater than the AC resistance of the Cu coil.
- the frequency f1 shifts to the lower frequency side as the strand diameter increases or the number of turns increases.
- Frequency f 1 as shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the frequency f 1 of the formula (15). Further, by making the radius a of the electric wire 1 according to the embodiment of the present invention smaller than the skin depth, the frequency f defined by the above equation (18) is higher than the frequency f 2 on the high frequency side shown in FIG. Also lower. Therefore, since the frequency f is defined to be equal to or higher than the frequency f 1 and lower than the frequency f 2 , the AC resistance can be equal to or less than that of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the results of measuring the AC resistance of the manufactured Al coil and Cu coil with an LCR meter.
- FIG. 6 also shows the calculated value of the AC resistance of the Cu coil and the Al coil calculated by the equation (5).
- the conductivity of copper was calculated as 5.80 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1
- the conductivity of aluminum was calculated as 3.70 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1 .
- the shape factor ⁇ was determined to be 5.6 mm ⁇ 1 for both coils from the comparison between the calculated value and the measured value according to Equation (5).
- the direct current resistance of the Cu coil is 47.9 m ⁇
- the direct current resistance of the Al coil is 79.4 m ⁇
- the direct current resistance of the Cu coil is lower than the direct current resistance of the Al coil.
- the AC resistance increases as the frequency increases, and the AC resistance of the Cu coil and the AC resistance of the Al coil coincide at a certain frequency.
- the AC resistance is higher than the AC resistance of the Al coil.
- the frequency when the AC resistance of the Al coil coincides with the AC resistance of the Cu coil is 39 kHz, and the AC resistance at that time is 131 m ⁇ .
- the AC resistance R 1 calculated by the sum of the DC resistances according to the equation (16) is 127 m ⁇ , and it was confirmed that the AC resistance R 1 was in good agreement with the actually measured AC resistance. Further, the frequency f 1 calculated by the equation (15) was 38.8 kHz, and it was confirmed that it was in good agreement with the actually measured frequency.
- Design method of electric wires and coils As an example of the electric wire and coil design method according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a wire material having a conductivity lower than that of copper is selected. Furthermore, the radius of the wire is smaller than the skin depth, and the AC resistance of the wire at the frequency at which the wire or coil is used is the sum of the DC resistance of the wire and the DC resistance of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the wire. Design as above.
- the electric wire and coil design method can be designed based on the direct current resistance of the electric wire and the direct current resistance of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire, It is possible to easily design and manufacture an electric wire and a coil whose AC resistance can be equal to or less than that of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire. Note that the above-described electric wire and coil design method can be automatically performed using hardware resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage device.
- CPU central processing unit
- the electric wire 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention has an inner layer (first layer) 2 and an outer layer (second layer) 3 formed around the inner layer 2, and the inner layer 2 is made of copper.
- the outer layer 3 is a two-layered wire made of a material having a lower conductivity than copper.
- the electric wire 1 which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is that the radius a of the electric wire 1 is smaller than skin depth, and the alternating current resistance value of the electric wire 1 in the frequency where the electric wire 1 is used is the direct current resistance of the electric wire 1.
- the frequency at which the electric wire 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is used is appropriately set according to the specifications of each product, and is not particularly limited. For example, it may be about 1 kHz to 1 MHz, or about 10 kHz to 100 kHz. In the case of an IH cooker, it may be about 20 kHz to 100 kHz. If it is a product that uses the commercial power supply frequency as it is in Japan, the United States, Europe, China, etc., it may be about 50 Hz to 60 Hz.
- the diameter of the electric wire 1 according to the second embodiment of the present invention is preferably about 0.05 mm to 0.6 mm, but is not particularly limited.
- a wire constituting the electric wire 1 a copper clad aluminum (CCA) wire in which copper (Cu) as the outer layer 3 is uniformly coated on the outer periphery of the aluminum (Al) wire as the inner layer 2 can be used.
- the cross-sectional area of the copper layer which is the outer layer 3 is greater than 0 and 30% or less, preferably about 3% to 15%, more preferably 3% with respect to the cross-sectional area of the entire wire including the aluminum wire and the copper layer. About 10%, more preferably about 3% to 5%.
- the AC resistance can be reduced.
- the aluminum wire as the inner layer 2 for example, electrical aluminum (EC aluminum) or an Al—Mg—Si alloy (JIS6000 series) aluminum alloy can be used.
- the electric wire 1 may be a copper pipe enriched with an insulator as the inner layer 2.
- the insulator include resin and air.
- the expressions (1) to (11) described in the first embodiment of the present invention can be applied.
- an electric wire having a two-layer structure in which the radius is a, the radius of the inner layer 2 is b, the conductivity of the outer layer 3 is ⁇ 2 , and the conductivity of the inner layer 2 is ⁇ 1 is used.
- the direct current resistance is represented by the following equation (19).
- P L according to Non-Patent Document 2 is expressed by the following equation (20).
- the high-frequency resistance R ac2 of the coil using the wire having the radius a and the conductivity ⁇ 2 is expressed by the following equations (21) and (22).
- the frequency f 1 and the high frequency resistance R 1 at this time are expressed by the following equations (24) and (25), respectively.
- R of the coil with two different wires of sigma 2 of wire ac1 when R ac2 are equal, the resistance value is, the inner layer of the DC resistance to the wire cross-sectional area and the wire of the wire of the two-layer structure It was found that the value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the cross-sectional areas of 2 and the sum of the DC resistance values of copper wires having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wires were found.
- an electric wire made of a uniform material is expressed as a case where the radius b of the inner layer 2 is equal to the radius a of the entire electric wire. That is, the following expressions (26) and (27) are obtained, and the expressions (15) and (15) of the frequency f 1 and the high-frequency resistance R 1 for the electric wire 1 in the case of the single-layer structure according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 16).
- the outer layer 3 is made of copper
- the inner layer 2 is made of a two-layer structure having a lower conductivity than copper.
- the radius a is smaller than the skin depth
- the AC resistance value of the wire 1 at the frequency at which the wire 1 or coil is used, and the DC resistance value of the wire 1 is multiplied by the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the entire wire 1 and the cross-sectional area of the inner layer 2.
- the thickness of the outer layer 3 of the electric wire 1 may be equal to 0. In that case, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the entire electric wire 1 and the cross-sectional area of the inner layer 2 is equal to 1.
- the electric conductivity of the inner layer 2 of the electric wire 1 having a two-layer structure is ⁇ 1 [ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ]
- the electric conductivity of copper is ⁇ 2 [ ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 1 ]
- the magnetic field acting on the electric wire 1 Is a coefficient representing the strength of the wire, ⁇ is [m ⁇ 1 ]
- the circumference is ⁇
- the radius of the inner layer 2 is b [m]
- the radius of the electric wire 1 is a [m]
- the permeability of the vacuum is ⁇ 0 [H / m].
- the number of conductors constituting the electric wire 1 is N [pieces]
- the length of the conductor constituting the electric wire 1 is l [m]
- the AC resistance R [ ⁇ ] of the electric wire 1 at the used frequency is It is defined to satisfy equation (28).
- the AC resistance has the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire at the frequency at which the electric wire 1 and the coil are used. It can be equivalent to or less than copper wire. Furthermore, the AC resistance at the frequency at which the two-layered electric wire 1 or coil is used can be defined using the DC resistance of the electric wire 1 and the DC resistance of a copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1. Since it can do, the electric wire 1 and a coil can be designed more simply.
- Example 9 and 10 four enamel wires made of copper or CCA having an outer diameter of 0.6 mm and a finished diameter of 0.63 mm are twisted, and a coil of 42 turns is wound on a bobbin having an inner diameter of 20 mm.
- the results of measuring AC resistance with an LCR meter are shown.
- FIG. 9 also shows calculated resistance values of the copper wire coil (hereinafter also referred to as “Cu coil”) and the CCA wire coil (hereinafter also referred to as “CCA coil”) calculated by the above formula (5).
- Cu coil copper wire coil
- CCA coil CCA wire coil
- the electrical conductivity of copper was calculated as 5.8 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1
- the electrical conductivity of aluminum was calculated as 3.7 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ mm ⁇ 1
- the shape factor ⁇ was determined to be 2.4 mm ⁇ 1 for both coils from the comparison between the calculated value and the measured value according to Equation (5).
- the direct current resistance of the Cu coil is 47.4 m ⁇
- the direct current resistance of the CCA coil is 69.9 m ⁇
- the direct current resistance of the Cu coil is lower than the direct current resistance of the CCA coil.
- the AC resistance increases as the frequency increases, and the AC resistance of the Cu coil and the AC resistance of the CCA coil coincide with each other at a certain frequency. Is higher than the AC resistance of the CCA coil.
- the frequency when the AC resistance of the CCA coil coincides with the AC resistance of the Cu coil is 27.3 kHz, and the AC resistance is 131 m ⁇ .
- the AC resistance R 1 is calculated by the equation (27) is 130Emuomega, it was confirmed that matches well with actual measured AC resistance. Further, the frequency f 1 calculated by the equation (26) was 28.0 kHz, and it was confirmed that it was in good agreement with the actually measured frequency.
- a wire material is selected in which the outer layer 3 is made of copper and the inner layer 2 is made of a material having lower conductivity than copper. Furthermore, the radius of the electric wire 1 becomes smaller than the skin depth, and the AC resistance of the electric wire at the frequency at which the electric wire 1 or the coil is used becomes the DC resistance value of the electric wire 1 to the cross-sectional area of the entire electric wire 1 and the inner layer 2 of the electric wire 1. It is designed to be equal to or greater than the sum of the value obtained by multiplying the ratio of the cross-sectional areas and the direct current resistance value of the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1.
- the direct current resistance of the electric wire 1 and the radius of the outer layer 3, the radius of the inner layer 2, and the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1 are used. Since it can be designed based on the direct current resistance, the electric wire 1 and the coil that can reduce or reduce the alternating current resistance to the copper wire having the same shape and outer diameter as the electric wire 1 can be easily designed and manufactured. Note that the above-described electric wire 1 and coil design method can be automatically performed using hardware resources such as a central processing unit (CPU) and a storage device.
- CPU central processing unit
- the electric wire of the present invention includes a high-frequency transformer, a motor, a reactor, a choke coil, an induction heating device, a magnetic head, a high-frequency power supply cable, a DC power supply unit, a switching power supply, an AC adapter, an eddy current detection type displacement sensor / flaw detection sensor,
- the present invention can be used in the electronic equipment industry including the manufacturing industry of various devices such as IH cooking heaters, non-contact power feeding devices, and high-frequency current generators.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Non-Insulated Conductors (AREA)
- Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
また、近接効果による抵抗の定式化が検討されている(例えば、非特許文献1~2参照。)
[電線及びコイル]
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る電線1は、図1に示すように、銅よりも導電率の低い線材からなり、電線1の半径aが表皮深さよりも小さく、電線1が使用される周波数における電線1の交流抵抗値が、電線1の直流抵抗値と、電線1と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上に規定されている。
よって、導電率がσ1、σ2の異なる2種類の線材を用いたコイルの交流抵抗Rac1、Rac2は以下の式(12)、(13)で表される。
ここで、Rac1、Rac2の値が等しいと仮定すると、以下の式(14)が得られる。
このときの周波数f1、及び交流抵抗R1はそれぞれ以下の式(15)、(16)で表される。
このように、導電率がσ1、σ2の異なる2種類の線材を用いたコイルの交流抵抗Rac1、Rac2が等しいとき、その抵抗はそれらのコイルの直流抵抗の和に等しいことが見出された。
このときの周波数f[kHz]は、以下の式(18)を満たす。
図4及び図5は、材質が銅又はアルミニウムの、外径が0.4mmで、仕上がり径が0.43mmのエナメル線を9本撚り、内径が20.0mmのボビンに、42ターン巻いたコイルの交流抵抗を、式(2)~(5)及び(9)を用いて計算した結果を示す。
本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る電線及びコイルの設計方法の一例としては、銅よりも導電率の低い線材を選択する。更に、電線の半径が表皮深さよりも小さくなり、電線やコイルが使用される周波数における電線の交流抵抗が、電線の直流抵抗と、電線と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗の和以上となるように設計する。
[電線及びコイル]
本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る電線1は、図8に示すように、内層(第1層)2及び内層2の周囲に外層(第2層)3が形成され、内層2が銅よりも導電率の低い物質からなり、外層3が銅からなる二層構造の線材である。そして、本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る電線1は、電線1の半径aが表皮深さよりも小さく、電線1が使用される周波数における電線1の交流抵抗値が、電線1の直流抵抗値に電線1全体の断面積と電線の内層2の断面積の比を乗じた値と、電線1と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上に規定されている。
図9及び図10に、外径が0.6mmで、仕上がり径が0.63mmである材質が銅、またはCCAのエナメル線を4本撚り、内径が20mmのボビンに、42ターン巻いたコイルの交流抵抗をLCRメーターで測定した結果を示した。図9には、上記式(5)により計算される銅線コイル(以下、「Cuコイル」ともいう)とCCA線コイル(以下、「CCAコイル」ともいう)の抵抗計算値も示した。ただし、銅の導電率は5.8×104Ω-1・mm-1、アルミニウムの導電率は3.7×104Ω-1・mm-1、として計算した。また、形状因子αは式(5)による計算値と測定値の比較から、両方のコイルで2.4mm-1と求めた。
本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る電線1及びコイルの設計方法の一例としては、外層3が銅からなり、内層2が銅よりも導電率の低い物質からなる線材を選択する。更に、電線1の半径が表皮深さよりも小さくなり、電線1やコイルが使用される周波数における電線の交流抵抗が、電線1の直流抵抗値に電線1全体の断面積と電線1の内層2の断面積の比を乗じた値と、電線1と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上となるように設計する。
上記のように、本発明は第1及び第2の実施の形態によって記載したが、この開示の一部をなす論述及び図面はこの発明を限定するものであると理解すべきではない。この開示から当業者には様々な代替実施の形態、実施例及び運用技術が明らかとなろう。
本発明の電線は、高周波変圧器、モータ、リアクトル、チョークコイル、誘導加熱装置、磁気ヘッド、高周波給電ケーブル、DC電源ユニット、スイッチング電源、ACアダプタ、渦電流検出方式等の変位センサ・探傷センサ、IHクッキングヒータ、非接触給電装置又は高周波電流発生装置等の種々の装置の製造業を含む電子機器産業に利用可能である。
2…内層
3…外層
Claims (6)
- 銅よりも導電率の低い物質からなる第1層を有する一層構造、又は前記第1層の周囲に銅からなる第2層が形成された二層構造を有する電線であって、
前記電線の半径が表皮深さよりも小さく、
前記電線が使用される周波数における前記電線の交流抵抗値が、前記電線の直流抵抗値に電線全体の断面積と電線の第1層の断面積の比を乗じた値と、前記電線と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上に規定されていることを特徴とする電線。 - 前記電線が一層構造であるとき、前記電線が使用される周波数における前記電線の交流抵抗値が、前記電線の直流抵抗値と、前記電線と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上に規定されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の電線。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載された電線を使用したことを特徴とするコイル。
- 電線の設計方法であって、
銅よりも導電率の低い物質からなる第1層を有する一層構造、又は前記第1層の周囲に銅からなる第2層が形成された二層構造の線材を用い、
前記電線の半径が表皮深さよりも小さく、且つ前記電線が使用される周波数における前記電線の交流抵抗値が、前記電線の直流抵抗値に電線全体の断面積と電線の第1層の断面積の比を乗じた値と、前記電線と同じ形状及び外径である銅線の直流抵抗値の和以上となるように設計することを特徴とする電線の設計方法。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US14/777,964 US9859032B2 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-03-17 | Electric wire for reducing AC resistance to be equal to or less than copper wire |
EP14770299.7A EP2977994A4 (en) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-03-17 | Wire and coil |
CN201480016903.7A CN105051833B (zh) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-03-17 | 电线及线圈 |
JP2015506766A JP6062035B2 (ja) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-03-17 | 電線及びコイル |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013055394 | 2013-03-18 | ||
JP2013-055394 | 2013-03-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014148430A1 true WO2014148430A1 (ja) | 2014-09-25 |
Family
ID=51580109
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2014/057129 WO2014148430A1 (ja) | 2013-03-18 | 2014-03-17 | 電線及びコイル |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9859032B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2977994A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6062035B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN105051833B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2014148430A1 (ja) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020087735A (ja) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-04 | キヤノン電子管デバイス株式会社 | 回転陽極x線管 |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR3059142A1 (fr) * | 2016-11-18 | 2018-05-25 | Continental Automotive France | Dispositif d'actionnement electromagnetique |
DE102017211543A1 (de) * | 2017-07-06 | 2019-01-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Modularer Mehrpegelenergiewandler |
ES2751695A1 (es) * | 2018-10-01 | 2020-04-01 | Bsh Electrodomesticos Espana Sa | Dispositivo de aparato de cocción por inducción |
EP3713050B1 (en) * | 2019-03-22 | 2022-05-25 | ABB Schweiz AG | Induction motor |
Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6276216A (ja) | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 高周波電線 |
JP2002150633A (ja) | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 磁気ヘッド装置 |
JP2005108654A (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Canon Inc | リッツ線、それを用いた励磁コイルおよび誘導加熱装置 |
WO2006046358A1 (ja) | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Shinshu University | 高周波コイルを備えた機器 |
JP2009129550A (ja) | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Totoku Electric Co Ltd | クラッド電線、リッツ線、集合線およびコイル |
WO2012023378A1 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | 株式会社フジクラ | 電線、コイル、電線の設計装置及び電気モータ |
US20120125651A1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Timothy Raymond Pearson | Method and apparatus for reduction of skin effect losses in electrical conductors |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3096577A (en) * | 1956-01-12 | 1963-07-09 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Method of making aluminum clad copper wire |
FR1428517A (fr) * | 1964-11-26 | 1966-02-18 | Organes de transmission d'énergie électrique à absorption sélective | |
FR2233685B1 (ja) * | 1973-06-12 | 1977-05-06 | Josse Bernard | |
US4256945A (en) * | 1979-08-31 | 1981-03-17 | Iris Associates | Alternating current electrically resistive heating element having intrinsic temperature control |
US5574260B1 (en) * | 1995-03-06 | 2000-01-18 | Gore & Ass | Composite conductor having improved high frequency signal transmission characteristics |
CN201075311Y (zh) * | 2007-09-14 | 2008-06-18 | 曹秉华 | 一种电线电缆 |
EP2071588A3 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2011-11-23 | Alcatel Lucent | Bi-material radio frequency transmission line and the associated manufacturing method |
-
2014
- 2014-03-17 CN CN201480016903.7A patent/CN105051833B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-17 US US14/777,964 patent/US9859032B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-17 JP JP2015506766A patent/JP6062035B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2014-03-17 WO PCT/JP2014/057129 patent/WO2014148430A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2014-03-17 EP EP14770299.7A patent/EP2977994A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6276216A (ja) | 1985-09-30 | 1987-04-08 | 株式会社フジクラ | 高周波電線 |
JP2002150633A (ja) | 2000-11-07 | 2002-05-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 磁気ヘッド装置 |
JP2005108654A (ja) | 2003-09-30 | 2005-04-21 | Canon Inc | リッツ線、それを用いた励磁コイルおよび誘導加熱装置 |
WO2006046358A1 (ja) | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Shinshu University | 高周波コイルを備えた機器 |
JP2009129550A (ja) | 2007-11-20 | 2009-06-11 | Totoku Electric Co Ltd | クラッド電線、リッツ線、集合線およびコイル |
WO2012023378A1 (ja) | 2010-08-20 | 2012-02-23 | 株式会社フジクラ | 電線、コイル、電線の設計装置及び電気モータ |
US20120125651A1 (en) * | 2010-11-18 | 2012-05-24 | Timothy Raymond Pearson | Method and apparatus for reduction of skin effect losses in electrical conductors |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
C. R. SULLIVAN: "Aluminum Windings and Other Strategies for High-Frequency Magnetics Design in an Era of High Copper and Energy Costs", IEEE TRANS. ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 23, no. 4, 2008, pages 2044 - 2051 |
C. R. SULLIVAN: "Computationally Efficient Winding Loss Calculation with Multiple Windings, Arbitrary waveforms, and Two-Dimensional or Three-Dimensional Field", IEEE TRANS. ON POWER ELECTRONICS, vol. 16, no. 1, 2001, pages 142 - 150, XP011043532 |
See also references of EP2977994A4 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2020087735A (ja) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-04 | キヤノン電子管デバイス株式会社 | 回転陽極x線管 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2977994A4 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
US9859032B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
CN105051833A (zh) | 2015-11-11 |
CN105051833B (zh) | 2017-03-15 |
EP2977994A1 (en) | 2016-01-27 |
US20160276051A1 (en) | 2016-09-22 |
JPWO2014148430A1 (ja) | 2017-02-16 |
JP6062035B2 (ja) | 2017-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9425662B2 (en) | Electric wire, coil, device for designing electric wire, and electric motor | |
JP5266340B2 (ja) | 高周波電線及び高周波コイル | |
JP6062035B2 (ja) | 電線及びコイル | |
JP6194369B2 (ja) | 高周波用電線およびコイル | |
JP5407004B2 (ja) | 電線及びコイル | |
JP2012147670A5 (ja) | ||
WO2015046153A1 (ja) | 高周波電線および高周波コイル | |
JP2012169288A5 (ja) | ||
CN105556619B (zh) | 用于运输交流电的方法和铠装电力电缆 | |
JP5668097B2 (ja) | 電線およびコイル | |
Wojda et al. | Copper-clad aluminum windings as an alternative conductor for high-power electric vehicle wireless charging | |
Um et al. | Modeling of frequency-dependent winding losses in solid and litz-wire toroidal inductors |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 201480016903.7 Country of ref document: CN |
|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 14770299 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2015506766 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14777964 Country of ref document: US |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2014770299 Country of ref document: EP |