WO2014021750A1 - A mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network - Google Patents
A mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2014021750A1 WO2014021750A1 PCT/SE2012/051113 SE2012051113W WO2014021750A1 WO 2014021750 A1 WO2014021750 A1 WO 2014021750A1 SE 2012051113 W SE2012051113 W SE 2012051113W WO 2014021750 A1 WO2014021750 A1 WO 2014021750A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mobile device
- base station
- imbalanced region
- quality
- signals
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/02—Arrangements for optimising operational condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/20—Monitoring; Testing of receivers
- H04B17/27—Monitoring; Testing of receivers for locating or positioning the transmitter
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/30—Monitoring; Testing of propagation channels
- H04B17/309—Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters
- H04B17/318—Received signal strength
- H04B17/327—Received signal code power [RSCP]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/02—Resource partitioning among network components, e.g. reuse partitioning
- H04W16/06—Hybrid resource partitioning, e.g. channel borrowing
- H04W16/08—Load shedding arrangements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/30—TPC using constraints in the total amount of available transmission power
- H04W52/32—TPC of broadcast or control channels
- H04W52/325—Power control of control or pilot channels
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
- H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control], power saving or power classes
- H04W52/04—TPC
- H04W52/18—TPC being performed according to specific parameters
- H04W52/24—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters
- H04W52/243—TPC being performed according to specific parameters using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters taking into account interferences
- H04W52/244—Interferences in heterogeneous networks, e.g. among macro and femto or pico cells or other sector / system interference [OSI]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Definitions
- the invention relates to a mobile communications network, and in particular relates to methods for determining when a mobile device is located within an imbalanced region (or a part of an imbalanced region) between two base stations in a network, and to mobile devices and network nodes implementing those methods.
- a low- or lower-power node for example a picocell, microcell or femtocell base station
- LPN low- or lower-power node
- a traffic hot spot within the coverage area of a high- or higher- power node, for example a macrocell base station, to better serve nearby mobile devices.
- a high- or higher- power node for example a macrocell base station
- Deploying a low power node in a traffic hot spot may significantly reduce the load in the macro or other higher-power cell covering the area.
- the network 2 is shown as comprising a low power node 4 (e.g. picocell or microcell base station) placed within the coverage area of a macrocell base station 6.
- a radio network controller RNC 8 which in turn connects to a core network 10.
- the border 12 of the LPN cell is determined by the downlink (DL) signal strength or quality as measured by a mobile communications device 12 (also known as a user equipment - UE).
- the border 12 occurs at the point where the downlink signal strength or quality from the LPN 4 is the same as the downlink signal strength or quality from the macrocell base station 6.
- the LPN 4 has a much lower transmit power level compared to the macrocell base station 6, the cell border 12 is much closer to the LPN 4 than the macrocell base station 6.
- the base station transmit power difference is irrelevant and the UE 14 would be best served by the base station to which it has the lowest path loss.
- the cell border should be somewhere near the equal-distance point between the two base stations 4, 6 since at the equal-distance points the path loss from the UE 14 to both base stations 4, 6 is approximately equal.
- the region 16 between the UL 'border' and DL border 12 is often referred to as the imbalanced region 16.
- the UL from the UE 14 would generally be better served by the low-power node 4 (as it is closer to the UE 14 than the macrocell base station 6), but the DL would be better served by the macrocell base station 6.
- a UE 14 in the imbalanced region 16 will generally be served by the macrocell base station 6, meaning that the UE 14 cannot take advantage of the better UL to the LPN 4.
- a further problem with UEs 14 in the imbalanced region 16 is that UL transmissions by a UE 14 to the macrocell base station 6 can cause interference at the LPN 4 (particularly where the UE 14 is close to the DL border 12).
- conventional handover decisions based on DL signal quality may result in the traffic-uptake of the LPN 4 being less than desired by the network operator.
- a number of techniques and solutions are available for UEs 14 that can be used to improve the communications performance of UEs 14 that are located in the imbalanced region 16 of a network 2.
- the range of the LPN 4 can be effectively extended by a UE 14 applying an offset to the measurements of downlink signal quality from the LPN 4, and using the adjusted downlink signal quality measurement in cell selection decisions (which means that the UE 14 can be served by the LPN 4 while it is in at least a portion of the imbalanced region 16).
- a form of soft handover can be used in which the macrocell base station 6 remains as the serving cell for the UE 14 when it is in the imbalanced region 16, but the UE 14 establishes a data connection with both the macrocell base station 6 and the LPN 4.
- Other techniques and solutions will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
- a method of operating a mobile device in a heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising obtaining measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and analysing the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the method can further comprise the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
- the method can further comprise the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is no longer in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
- the method can alternatively or additionally comprise the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
- the signal transmitted by the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations comprises a message indicating whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the signal transmitted by the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations is a measurement report that comprises the obtained measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and the second base station and the mobile device.
- the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
- the step of obtaining can comprise measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
- the mobile device can determine the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel by reading the broadcast system information from each base station, the broadcast system information indicating the power at which the respective base station transmits its control channel, for example a common pilot channel.
- the step of obtaining can comprise measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
- the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
- the method can further comprise the step of determining the offset value from signals received in a control channel from the first and/or second base stations.
- the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and the step of analysing comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold.
- the imbalanced region is defined as the region where (i) the quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the first base station is equal to or greater than the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the second base station.
- a computer program product comprising computer-readable code embodied therein, the computer-readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is configured to perform any of the methods defined above.
- a mobile device for use in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the mobile device comprising a processing module configured to obtain measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device and to analyse the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- a processing module configured to perform the steps contained in the above-defined methods.
- a method of operating a node in a heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising receiving a signal from a mobile device in the network; and analysing the received signal to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the signal indicates one of (i) the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; (ii) the mobile device is no longer located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; or (iii) the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
- the received signal can comprise a message that indicates measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and wherein the step of analysing comprises analysing the measurements to determine whether the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the downlink transmission powers for the first and second base stations.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
- the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and the step of analysing comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds, and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold.
- the imbalanced region can be defined as the region where (i) the quality of downlink signals from the second base station exceeds the quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the first base station exceeds the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the second base station.
- the method can further comprise the steps of determining the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the one of the first and second base stations from the received signal; and receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the other one of said first and second base stations; and wherein the step of analysing comprises analysing the quality of the uplink channels from the mobile device to the first and second base stations to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
- the method can further comprise the steps of determining the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the one of the first and second base stations that is the base station serving the mobile device; and receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the other one of said first and second base stations; and wherein the step of analysing comprises comparing the determined time of receipt and the received time of receipt to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the step of analysing can comprise determining that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region when the mobile device is being served by the second base station and the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the first base station is before the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the second base station.
- the method can further comprise the step of initiating an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
- the method can further comprise the step of initiating an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
- the node can be one of the first base station, second base station or a radio network controller associated with one or both of the first base station and the second base station.
- a computer program product comprising computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is configured to perform the method described above with respect to the network node.
- a node for use in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the node comprising a transceiver module configured to receive a signal from a mobile device in the network; and a processing module configured to analyse the received signal to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
- the node has a processing module configured to perform the steps contained in the above-defined methods of operating a node.
- the node may be one of the first base station, second base station or a radio network controller associated with one or both of the first base station and the second base station.
- Figure 1 is an illustration of a network
- Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a user equipment
- Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a network node
- Figure 4 is a block diagram of a user equipment
- Figure 5 is a block diagram of a base station
- Figure 6 is a block diagram of a radio network controller
- Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a user equipment according to a first specific embodiment
- Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a user equipment according to a second specific embodiment
- Figure 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a node in the network.
- a picocell base station within the coverage area of a macrocell base station it will be appreciated that the teachings of this application are applicable to any type of heterogeneous deployment of nodes (e.g. a picocell base station within the coverage area of a microcell base station, a microcell base station within the coverage area of a macrocell base station, or a femtocell base station within the coverage area of any of a picocell, microcell or macrocell base station).
- nodes e.g. a picocell base station within the coverage area of a microcell base station, a microcell base station within the coverage area of a macrocell base station, or a femtocell base station within the coverage area of any of a picocell, microcell or macrocell base station.
- a low- power node 4 such as a picocell base station, microcell base station or a femtocell base station
- a higher-power node 6 such as a macrocell base station.
- these solutions are often provided at the expense of increased resource consumption in the nodes of the network 2.
- the methods described herein provide a way to determine when it is appropriate to activate these solutions for a particular UE 14.
- the methods provide a way of determining when the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region, or, in some embodiments, when the UE 14 is in part of the imbalanced region up to the end of a 'range extension' region (as set by an offset value that is applied to the signal quality measurements for transmissions between the UE 14 and the LPN 4).
- the flow chart of Figure 2 shows an exemplary method of operating a mobile device (UE) 14 in a heterogeneous network 2.
- a first base station e.g. picocell base station 4
- a second base station e.g. macrocell base station 6
- these measurements are analysed to determine whether the mobile device 14 is in an imbalanced region 16 or part of an imbalanced region 16 between the first and second base stations 4, 6.
- the flow chart of Figure 3 shows an exemplary method of operating a node in the network 2, such as picocell base station 4, macrocell base station 6 and/or RNC 8.
- a signal is received from a mobile device 14. This signal is analysed in step 97 to determine whether the mobile device 14 is in an imbalanced region 16 or part of an imbalanced region 16 between first and second base stations 4, 6.
- the UE 14 ideally should not continuously inform the network 2 of the experienced quality of its measured cells or of its position in relation to an imbalanced region 16.
- UEs 14 are configured to notify the network 2 when they have entered or left the imbalanced region 16 or the specified part of the imbalanced region 16 (i.e. the range extension region).
- the network 2 will have full awareness of which UEs 14 are located in an imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and therefore which UEs 14 could gain from appropriate solutions for managing heterogeneous networks.
- UEs 14 are configured to inform the network 2 of their location with respect to an imbalanced region 16 or part of the imbalanced region 16 at the start of a data transmission. In this embodiment, the amount of additional signalling is minimised since UEs 14 only transmit a measurement report or location indicator when there is data to be transmitted.
- FIG 4 shows a UE 14 that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below.
- the UE 14 comprises a processing module 30 that controls the operation of the UE 14.
- the processing module 30 is connected to a receiver or transceiver module 32 with associated antenna(s) 34 which are used to receive signals from a base station 4, 6 in the network 2.
- the user equipment 14 also comprises a memory module 36 that is connected to the processing module 30 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the UE 14, including data received from the network 2.
- Figure 5 shows a base station 4, 6 (called a Node B in UMTS) that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below.
- the base stations 4, 6 are considered to comprise the same components.
- the base station 4, 6 comprises a processing module 40 that controls the operation of the base station 4, 6.
- the processing module 40 is connected to a transceiver module 42 with associated antenna(s) 44 which are used to transmit signals to, and receive signals from, user equipments 14 in the network 2.
- the base station 4, 6 also comprises a memory module 46 that is connected to the processing module 40 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the base station 4, 6.
- the base station 4, 6 also includes components and/or circuitry 48 for allowing the base station 4, 6 to exchange information with the RNC 8 (which is typically via the lub interface).
- FIG 6 shows a radio network controller (RNC) 8 that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below.
- the RNC 8 comprises a processing module 50 that controls the operation of the RNC 8.
- the processing module 50 is connected to components and/or circuitry 52 for allowing the RNC 8 to exchange information with the base stations 4, 6 with which it is associated (which is typically via the lub interface), and components or circuitry 54 for allowing the RNC 8 to exchange information with the core network 10 (which is typically via the lu-CS and/or lu-PS interface).
- the RNC 8 also comprises a memory module 56 that is connected to the processing module 50 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the RNC 8. It will be appreciated that, for simplicity, only components of the UE 14, Node B 4, 6 and RNC 8 required to illustrate the methods described below are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
- step 101 the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and nearby base stations 4, 6. For the purposes of this method, it is assumed that the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and at least one of a picocell base station 4 and an overlying macrocell base station 6. It is also assumed at step 101 that the UE 14 is not yet in the imbalanced region 16. If the UE 14 is already in the imbalanced region 16, the method can alternatively commence at step 109. In step 101 the UE 14 preferably measures the quality of downlink signals from at least one of the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6. The signals are received by the antenna(s) 34 and receiver module 32 in the UE 14 and passed to the processing module 30 for the processing module 30 to determine the quality measurements.
- the downlink signals received by the UE 14 can be the common pilot channel (CPICH), and the quality measurement can be the CPICH received signal code power (RSCP) and/or the CPICH EJN 0 (which is the ratio of the received energy per pseudorandom noise (PN) chip for the CPICH to the total received power spectral density at the UE 14).
- CPICH common pilot channel
- RSCP CPICH received signal code power
- PN pseudorandom noise
- the UE 14 analyses the measurements to determine if the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region 16.
- the imbalanced region 16 is the region in a heterogeneous network deployment between a higher-power node 6 and a lower-power node 4 where, for a UE 14 in this region 16, the higher-power node 6 is the strongest or best cell for the DL to the UE 14, but the lower-power node 4 is the strongest or best cell for the UL from the UE 14.
- the imbalanced region 16 can be defined as any location x where the following relationship is satisfied:
- F represents the DL quality measurement at location x from a particular cell (either in terms of RSCP or E c /N 0 in dB with regards to the CPICH), and P d iff is the difference (in dB) in the transmission power of the macrocell base station 6 CPICH and the picocell base station 4 CPICH.
- the threshold for the UL border can be set as Pdiff+ ⁇ , where ⁇ can be a small positive or negative number and is used to account for the difference in total interference levels experienced by the picocell CPICH versus the macrocell CPICH.
- the value for ⁇ may be predetermined.
- P d i ff is straight forward to calculate in the UE 14 since the primary CPICH transmission power for each of the base stations 4, 6 is communicated to the UE 14 via one of the broadcast system information messages. The original purpose of this signalling is so that the UE 14 can estimate the pathloss from each of the base stations 4, 6 which enables the UE to perform random access.
- the U E 14 can use the following relationship in step 103:
- the range extension region forms a subset of the full imbalanced region 16 (i.e. RE ⁇ P diff ).
- the picocell range can be expanded all the way up to the UL border.
- expanding the picocell range beyond the imbalanced region 16 can be desirable, i.e. RE > P diff .
- the amount of range extension to be applied to a particular low-power cell i.e.
- the value of RE is communicated to the UE 14 so that it can be used in cell selection/reselection decisions (when the UE 14 is in a CELL_FACH state) or in triggering the issue of a measurement report to the network 2 (when the U E 14 is in a CELL_DCH state).
- CELL_DCH the hand over is event triggered by the UE 14 (event 1 d in section 10.3.7.39 in 3GPP specification 25.331 , v10.8, June 2012). and the UE 14 must therefore be aware of any bias or offset used for the cell reselection, typically denoted the Cell Individual Offset (CIO).
- CIO Cell Individual Offset
- the hand over is UE centred and therefore the UE 14 must know any bias or offset, typically denoted qOffsetl sn or qOffset2sn, for the camping cell reselection.
- the UE 14 will be aware of the value of RE when step 103 is to be performed.
- the imbalanced region 16 can be defined in terms of the pathgain on the UL from the UE 14 to the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6. In this case, the imbalanced region 16 can be defined as any location x where the following relationship is satisfied
- the function G represents the pathgain at location x for a particular cell in dB
- P d iff is the difference in the CPICH transmission power of the macrocell base station 6 and the picocell base station 4.
- the pathgain G on the UL is the inverse of the DL pathloss from a base station 4, 6 to the UE 14, and so the pathgain G can be calculated by the UE 14 as the measured DL CPICH RSCP for a cell divided by the CPICH transmission power for that cell.
- RE is the amount of offset to be applied to quality measurements of the DL signals from the picocell base station 4.
- the imbalanced region 16 can alternatively be defined using a combination of DL signal quality F and the pathgain G (for example the imbalanced region 16 could correspond to any location x where x: 0 ⁇ F maC ro(x) - Fp iC o(x) ⁇ Pdiff and 0 ⁇ Gp iC o(x) - G maC ro(x) ⁇ Pdiff).
- the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can correspond to a location x where:
- x a ⁇ F pico (x) ⁇ b (5) with a being a lower threshold and b being an upper threshold.
- the values of a and b can be optimised according to the power with which the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 transmit the CPICH.
- a network operator can identify the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region according to equation (1) or (2) by using a test mobile device to measure the signal quality at a number of locations in the network coverage area. Then, the network operator can obtain the upper bound b and lower bound a on Fp iC o(x) based on the measurement data collected by the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region.
- the upper and lower bounds can be stored in the RNC 8 and used to classify whether UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region based on the UE's measurement Fp iC o(x).
- the mean of the lowest 10-percentile of Fp iC o(x) measurements from the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can be used as the value of a and the mean of the highest 10-percentile of Fp iC o(x) measurements from the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can be used as the value of b.
- step 105 it is determined in step 105 whether the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region). In other words, it is determined whether the UE 14 is now in the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region) whereas previously it was outside the region. If the UE 14 has not entered the region, the method returns to step 101 and repeats.
- this message is a measurement report that contains the signal quality measurements made by the UE 14 on the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (and optionally the signal quality measurements of any other nearby cells).
- a new event identity ID can be defined for the event of the UE 14 entering the imbalanced region 16, and on occurrence of the event the UE 14 can be configured to transmit the required message or measurement report.
- a node in the network 2 can process the signal quality measurements in the measurement report to determine whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
- the transmission of the message or measurement report itself can indicate to the network 2 that the UE 14 is in the specified region (e.g. the imbalanced region 16 or part of the imbalanced region 16 between the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6) - i.e. the UE 14 can be configured to only send the message or measurement report when it has entered the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
- step 109 the UE 14 continues to measure the quality of the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6. These measurements are then analysed in step 1 11 to determine if the UE 14 is still in the imbalanced region 16. It will be appreciated that the implementation of steps 109 and 11 1 is similar, if not the same as, steps 101 and 103 described above.
- step 1 13 it is determined whether the UE 14 is still in the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region). If the UE 14 is still in the region, the method returns to step 109. If it is determined that the UE 14 is no longer in the region, the method moves to step 1 15 in which a measurement report or other message is sent to the network 2 by the UE 14 indicating that the UE 14 is no longer in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
- the measurement report can indicate the signal quality measurements for the nearby cells 4, 6, the measurement report can be a dedicated message that is only sent when the UE 14 has left the region. Once the message or measurement report has been sent to the network 2, the method returns to step 101.
- this embodiment has the drawback that messages or measurement reports will be transmitted by the UE 14 when there is no data being transmitted by the UE 14 (for example when the UE is in CELL_FACH state or in DTX/DRX in the CELL_DCH state), resulting in some signalling overhead, it provides the advantage that the network 2 (for example the RNC 8) has full knowledge of exactly which and how many UEs 14 are located in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region at all times. Therefore the lead time required to set up or implement a certain heterogeneous network solution can be minimised, since it can already be in place before any upcoming data transmission. Furthermore, this knowledge enables the network 2 to implement more complex solutions where, for example, the number of UEs 14 in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and/or different states of the UEs 14 are taken into account.
- FIG. 8 A method of operating a UE 14 according to a second embodiment is shown in Figure 8.
- the operation of the UE 14 is shown as two processes, the first corresponding to steps 121-125 and the second corresponding to steps 127-133. These processes can operate generally simultaneously in the UE 14.
- step 121 of Figure 8 the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and one or more nearby base stations 4, 6.
- Step 121 can be implemented in the same way as step 101 of the first embodiment.
- step 123 The signal quality measurements are then analysed in step 123 to determine if the UE 14 is in the specified region (i.e. the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region). Again, this step can be implemented in the same way as step 103 above.
- step 125 an indication of whether the UE 14 is in the specified region is stored in the memory module 36 of the UE 14. The method then returns to step 121 and repeats.
- Step 127 it is determined whether a data transmission from the UE 14 is to be initiated.
- This data transmission may be the transmission of data by the UE 14 in a random access channel (RACH) or a transmission in response to a paging message sent to the UE 14 from the network 2.
- Step 127 repeats until there is data to be transmitted.
- step 129 in which it is determined whether the UE 14 is in the specified region.
- the processing module 30 of the UE 14 can retrieve the indication stored in the memory module 36 in step 125 and determine from the indication if the UE 14 is in the specified region or not.
- this message can also indicate that the UE 14 is about to begin data transmission.
- this message can be a measurement report that contains the signal quality measurements made by the UE 14 on the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (and optionally the signal quality measurements of any other nearby cells).
- a node in the network 2 can process the signal quality measurements in the measurement report to determine whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
- the transmission of the message itself can indicate to the network 2 that the UE 14 is in the specified region - i.e. the UE 14 can be configured to only send the message when it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and it is about to initiate data transmission.
- step 133 the UE 14 initiates the data transmission.
- step 129 If in step 129 it is determined that the UE 14 is not in the specified region, the method can move directly to step 133 in which the UE 14 initiates the data transmission (i.e. no specific message or measurement report is transmitted by the UE 14 in this case).
- steps 131 and 133 can occur in the order shown in Figure 8, or they can occur at the same or substantially the same time, or even in the opposite order to that shown in Figure 8.
- this embodiment has a drawback in that it does not provide much, if any, time for the network 2 to implement a heterogeneous network solution before the UE 14 starts transmitting data, it does provide the advantage that there is little increase in the signalling overhead as messages or measurement reports are only sent when really needed.
- the report can be sent with, just before or just after the first data transmission, which means that the network 2 can implement a heterogeneous network solution or technique in response to that report before any further data transmissions by the UE 14.
- the inter-arrival time for uplink data relating to a web application in the UE 14 may be of the order of several seconds.
- the initial data transmission can be sent with the measurement report, and the network can initiate a communication improving technique to better serve the UE's subsequent data transmissions.
- One example of a suitable technique in this instance is soft handoff (SHO).
- traffic-activated triggers for UEs 14 that are in the CELL_FACH state (in which it is more important to maintain a low signalling overhead and therefore only transmit a traffic activated trigger after the UE PRACH ramps up for UL transmissions and/or upon responding to paging to the UE 14 for DL transmissions).
- traffic-activated triggers for a UE 14 in the CELL_FACH state, it is not certain that there will be any data transmission while the UE is in the imbalanced region or range extension region. However, an exception could be for UEs 14 that are in the CELL_FACH state that have ongoing data transmissions. In this case, the use of location-activated triggers ( Figure 7) may be justified.
- UEs 14 that are in the CELL_DCH state are largely synonymous with ongoing data transmissions (or imminent transmissions) and in this case it will be appreciated that it is preferred to use location-activated triggers (i.e. the Figure 7 embodiment) to guarantee the best performance.
- the added overhead from the trigger event reports is insignificant in comparison to the relatively large payload data that is required to be transmitted and/or received by the UE 14 for it to be in the CELL_DCH state in the first place.
- traffic activated triggering can be used instead (since the 'UE entered imbalanced region' measurement report in step 107 of Figure 7 will not be triggered).
- the UE 14 can continue using the location-activated triggers (in which case the UE 14 will operate from step 109 in Figure 7).
- a UE 14 can be configured to operate according to just one or both of the methods described above. In the latter cases, the UE 14 can be configured to select the method to use based on the current radio resource control (RRC) state of the UE 14 (i.e. CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH).
- RRC radio resource control
- the UE 14 preferably determines whether it is in the imbalanced or range extension regions on the basis of measurements of the downlink signal quality from the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6, it will be appreciated that it is possible to determine whether the UE 14 is in the specified region based on measurements of the quality of the uplink from the UE 4 to the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6.
- pathgain measurements of UL transmissions from the UE 14 can be made at both the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6.
- the pathgain measurements could then be communicated to the UE 14 so that the UE 14 can determine whether it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4).
- this approach requires coordination between the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 (including making the non-serving base station aware of the scrambling code used by the UE 14 so that the non-serving base station can despread the UL transmission (e.g. DPCCH)).
- Figure 9 shows a method of operating a node in the network 2 according to the above embodiments.
- the node could be any one or more of the lower-power (picocell) base station 4, higher-power (macrocell) base station 6 or RNC 8.
- step 141 the node receives a signal, for example a measurement report or other message, from a UE 14.
- a signal for example a measurement report or other message
- the node is a base station 4, 6, the signal will be received wirelessly from the UE 14 using antenna(s) 44 and transceiver module 42.
- the node is an RNC 8
- the signal will be received wirelessly from the UE 14 at one of the base stations 4, 6 and passed by that base station 4, 6 to the RNC 8 through the lub interface.
- the node analyses the signal to determine whether the UE 14 is in a specified region (i.e. an imbalanced region or a range extension region) between the macrocell base station 6 and the picocell base station 4.
- the signal may comprise a measurement report or other message that has been transmitted by the UE 14 in accordance with the methods shown in Figures 7 and 8.
- the measurement report or message may comprise measurements of the quality of the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (or the measurements of pathgain G if calculated and/or used by the UE 14), so this step can comprise the node determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced or range extension region using one of the relationships defined in equations (1)-(5).
- step 143 can comprise the node determining the type of measurement report received from the UE 14.
- the UE 14 can be configured by the node (e.g. RNC 8) to periodically send measurement reports to the RNC 8 corresponding to the received CPICH power (CPICH RSCP) or computed pathloss values for the serving and neighbouring cells.
- the RNC 8 can process the CPICH RSCP measurements in the measurement reports according to any of equations (1)-(4) to determine whether the UE 14 is located in the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region. In the case of pathloss measurements, if the pathloss to the macrocell base station 6 is greater than to the picocell base station 4 and the UE 14 is being served by the macrocell base station 6, then the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16.
- the node can make the determination based on measurements of the quality of UL transmissions from the UE 14 (e.g. measurements, such as the pathgain, of the dedicated physical control channel, DPCCH, from the UE 14).
- measurements such as the pathgain, of the dedicated physical control channel, DPCCH
- the signal received in step 141 will be the UL transmission from the UE 14, and the base station will determine the pathgain from the received signal.
- the base station will also receive a signal from the other one of the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 indicating the signal quality (e.g. pathgain) of the UL transmission at that base station.
- Step 143 can then comprise the base station determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region from the UL quality measurements using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4).
- the signal received in step 141 can be a signal from one or both of the picocell base station 4 or macrocell base station 6 indicating the measurements of the quality of the uplink from the UE 14 by those base stations.
- Step 143 can then comprise the RNC 8 determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region from those measurements using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4).
- step 143 If the UE 14 is determined in step 143 to be in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region, the method passes to step 147 in which the node initiates an action to improve the communication performance of the UE 14 while it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region. The method then returns to step 141 where the node awaits another signal from the UE 14.
- the UE 14 can send small amounts of data to the network 2 and the UE 14 has data to send to the network 2, the UE 14 can send a measurement report or other signal to the macrocell base station 6 along with the data
- the method returns to step 141 where the node awaits another signal from the UE 14. If an action or technique has previously been activated by the node or other part of the network 2 to improve the communication performance of the UE 14, then the method can proceed to step 141 via step 149 in which the active action or technique is deactivated. In this way, the action or technique will only be used while the UE 14 is in the most appropriate part of the network 2 (i.e. in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region), and therefore not consume resources unnecessarily.
- step 143 there is a further alternative implementation of step 143 in which the node determines whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region without requiring any specific action by the UE 14.
- both the macrocell base station 6 and picocell base station 4 listen for and record the time when the UE RACH ramps up (i.e. when they detect a RACH transmission from the UE). That is, when a UE 14 wants to initiate the transmission of data, it transmits a RACH preamble sequence, initially at a relatively low power.
- the serving base station e.g.
- the macrocell base station 6 receives the RACH preamble sequence, the serving cell responds with an acquisition indicator (Al) over an AICH (Al channel) which indicates the resources on the E-DCH to be used by the UE 14. If the UE 14 does not receive an Al in response to the transmission of a RACH preamble sequence, it retransmits the sequence at a higher power level. The UE 14 continues gradually increasing the power level of the transmitted RACH preamble sequence (called preamble ramping) until it receives a reply from the serving base station.
- preamble ramping the power level of the transmitted RACH preamble sequence
- the pathloss to the picocell base station 4 will be less than the pathloss to the macrocell base station 6, so the picocell base station 4 should detect a RACH transmission from the UE 14 before the macrocell base station 6.
- the macrocell base station 6 hears the RACH transmission first, it is an indication that the UE 14 has left the imbalanced region 16.
- the picocell base station 4 hears the ramp up first (i.e.
- the non-serving base station can be informed of the set of RACH preamble sequences that are used by the serving base station, and the non-serving base station will be configured to perform RACH detection using these preamble sequences in addition to the regular RACH detection it does for UEs 14 associated with its own cell. This may require the non- serving base station to include components or other hardware in the form of correlators tuned to the serving cell preamble sequences.
- a low-latency connection between the base stations is also required so that the non-serving cell can signal to the serving cell when it hears the RACH ramp up.
- the base stations 4, 6, RNC 8 and/or UE 14 can be configured to implement the methods described above using suitable software or firmware, or by providing the base station 4, 6, RNC 8 and/or UE 14 with a suitably configured processor, processing module, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.
- ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
- FPGA field-programmable gate array
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Quality & Reliability (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
Abstract
There is provided a method of operating a mobile device in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising obtaining measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and analysing the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
Description
A mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mobile communications network, and in particular relates to methods for determining when a mobile device is located within an imbalanced region (or a part of an imbalanced region) between two base stations in a network, and to mobile devices and network nodes implementing those methods. Background
Heterogeneous networks are an efficient network deployment solution for satisfying the ever-increasing demand of mobile broadband services. In a heterogeneous network, a low- or lower-power node (LPN), for example a picocell, microcell or femtocell base station, is placed in a traffic hot spot within the coverage area of a high- or higher- power node, for example a macrocell base station, to better serve nearby mobile devices. Deploying a low power node in a traffic hot spot may significantly reduce the load in the macro or other higher-power cell covering the area.
The traffic uptake of an LPN however may be somewhat limited. This is due to the transmit power difference between a macro base station (BS) and an LPN. This is illustrated in Figure 1 . In Figure 1 , the network 2 is shown as comprising a low power node 4 (e.g. picocell or microcell base station) placed within the coverage area of a macrocell base station 6. Each of the LPN 4 and macrocell base station 6 are connected to a radio network controller (RNC) 8, which in turn connects to a core network 10. As downlink signal strength or quality is used as a basis for triggering a hand over between base stations, the border 12 of the LPN cell is determined by the downlink (DL) signal strength or quality as measured by a mobile communications device 12 (also known as a user equipment - UE). The border 12 occurs at the point where the downlink signal strength or quality from the LPN 4 is the same as the downlink signal strength or quality from the macrocell base station 6. As the LPN 4 has a much lower transmit power level compared to the macrocell base station 6, the cell border 12 is much closer to the LPN 4 than the macrocell base station 6. However from the uplink (UL) perspective, the base station transmit power difference is irrelevant and the UE 14 would be best served by the base station to which it has the lowest path loss. Thus, for the UL, the cell border should be somewhere near the
equal-distance point between the two base stations 4, 6 since at the equal-distance points the path loss from the UE 14 to both base stations 4, 6 is approximately equal.
The region 16 between the UL 'border' and DL border 12 is often referred to as the imbalanced region 16. In the imbalanced region, the UL from the UE 14 would generally be better served by the low-power node 4 (as it is closer to the UE 14 than the macrocell base station 6), but the DL would be better served by the macrocell base station 6. However, as cell selection is determined on the basis of the DL signal quality, a UE 14 in the imbalanced region 16 will generally be served by the macrocell base station 6, meaning that the UE 14 cannot take advantage of the better UL to the LPN 4.
A further problem with UEs 14 in the imbalanced region 16 is that UL transmissions by a UE 14 to the macrocell base station 6 can cause interference at the LPN 4 (particularly where the UE 14 is close to the DL border 12).
In addition, conventional handover decisions based on DL signal quality may result in the traffic-uptake of the LPN 4 being less than desired by the network operator. A number of techniques and solutions are available for UEs 14 that can be used to improve the communications performance of UEs 14 that are located in the imbalanced region 16 of a network 2. For example, the range of the LPN 4 can be effectively extended by a UE 14 applying an offset to the measurements of downlink signal quality from the LPN 4, and using the adjusted downlink signal quality measurement in cell selection decisions (which means that the UE 14 can be served by the LPN 4 while it is in at least a portion of the imbalanced region 16). In another example, a form of soft handover can be used in which the macrocell base station 6 remains as the serving cell for the UE 14 when it is in the imbalanced region 16, but the UE 14 establishes a data connection with both the macrocell base station 6 and the LPN 4. Other techniques and solutions will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Although many of these techniques or solutions are successful in improving the performance of the UE 14 in the imbalanced region 16, they require actions by the nodes 4, 6, 8 in the network 2 and/or additional signalling to be established with the UE 14, which consumes resources in the network 2. Thus, these techniques and solutions
should only be initiated and used when they are needed or likely to be beneficial to the UE 14 (i.e. when the UE 14 is within the imbalanced region 16).
Summary
Therefore, there is a need for methods for determining when a UE 14 is located within the imbalanced region 16 (or a part of the imbalanced region 16) between two base stations 4, 6 in a network 2 and mobile devices and network nodes configured to implement those methods. According to a first aspect, there is provided a method of operating a mobile device in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising obtaining measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and analysing the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations. If following a determination that the mobile device is not located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the mobile device is subsequently determined to be located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the method can further comprise the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
If following a determination that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the mobile device is subsequently determined not to be located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the method can further comprise the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is no longer in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
In the event that it is determined in the step of analysing that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device, the method can alternatively or additionally comprise
the step of transmitting a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region. In some embodiments, the signal transmitted by the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations comprises a message indicating whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations. In other embodiments, the signal transmitted by the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations is a measurement report that comprises the obtained measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and the second base station and the mobile device. In some implementations, the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
Alternatively, the step of obtaining can comprise measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
In either of the two alternatives above, the mobile device can determine the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel by reading the broadcast system information from each base station, the broadcast system information indicating the power at which the respective base station transmits its control channel, for example a common pilot channel.
In another alternative, the step of obtaining can comprise measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
In a yet further alternative, the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
In these latter two alternatives, the method can further comprise the step of determining the offset value from signals received in a control channel from the first and/or second base stations. In a further alternative implementation, the step of obtaining comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and the step
of analysing comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold. Preferably, the imbalanced region is defined as the region where (i) the quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the first base station is equal to or greater than the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the second base station.
According to a second aspect, there is provided a computer program product, comprising computer-readable code embodied therein, the computer-readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is configured to perform any of the methods defined above.
According to a third aspect, there is provided a mobile device for use in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the mobile device comprising a processing module configured to obtain measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device and to analyse the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
Various embodiments of the mobile device are also provided that have a processing module configured to perform the steps contained in the above-defined methods. According to a fourth aspect, there is provided a method of operating a node in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising receiving a signal from a mobile device in the network; and analysing the received signal to determine whether the
mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
In some embodiments, the signal indicates one of (i) the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; (ii) the mobile device is no longer located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; or (iii) the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
In particular embodiments, the received signal can comprise a message that indicates measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and wherein the step of analysing comprises analysing the measurements to determine whether the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
In some implementations, where the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
In alternative implementations, where the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device or measurements of the pathgain from the mobile device to each base station derived from the measurements of the quality of the downlink signals, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to
the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the downlink transmission powers for the first and second base stations.
In other alternative implementations, where the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
In yet further alternative implementations, where the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device or measurements of the pathgain from the mobile device to each base station derived from the measurements of the quality of the downlink signals, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
In a further alternative, the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and the step of analysing comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds, and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold. The imbalanced region can be defined as the region where (i) the quality of downlink signals from the second base station exceeds the quality of downlink signals from the
first base station, and (ii) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the first base station exceeds the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device at the second base station. In alternative embodiments, where the signal is a signal sent in an uplink channel from the mobile device to one of the first and second base stations, the method can further comprise the steps of determining the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the one of the first and second base stations from the received signal; and receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the other one of said first and second base stations; and wherein the step of analysing comprises analysing the quality of the uplink channels from the mobile device to the first and second base stations to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
In these embodiments, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel. Alternatively, the step of analysing can comprise determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station. In further alternative embodiments, where the signal is a signal sent in an uplink channel from the mobile device to one of the first and second base stations that is the
base station serving the mobile device, the method can further comprise the steps of determining the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the one of the first and second base stations that is the base station serving the mobile device; and receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the other one of said first and second base stations; and wherein the step of analysing comprises comparing the determined time of receipt and the received time of receipt to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
In this alternative embodiment, the step of analysing can comprise determining that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region when the mobile device is being served by the second base station and the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the first base station is before the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the second base station.
In any of the above embodiments, if it is determined in the step of analysing that the mobile device has entered or is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the method can further comprise the step of initiating an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
In any of the above embodiments, if it is determined in the step of analysing that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device, the method can further comprise the step of initiating an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
In any of the above embodiments, the node can be one of the first base station, second base station or a radio network controller associated with one or both of the first base station and the second base station.
According to a fifth aspect, there is provided a computer program product comprising computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is configured to perform the method described above with respect to the network node.
According to a sixth aspect, there is provided a node for use in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the node comprising a transceiver module configured to receive a signal from a mobile device in the network; and a processing module configured to analyse the received signal to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
Various embodiments of the node are provided that have a processing module configured to perform the steps contained in the above-defined methods of operating a node. In particular embodiments, the node may be one of the first base station, second base station or a radio network controller associated with one or both of the first base station and the second base station.
Brief Description of the Drawings
Embodiments will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the following drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an illustration of a network;
Figure 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a user equipment; Figure 3 is a flow chart illustrating a method in a network node; Figure 4 is a block diagram of a user equipment; Figure 5 is a block diagram of a base station;
Figure 6 is a block diagram of a radio network controller;
Figure 7 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a user equipment according to a first specific embodiment;
Figure 8 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a user equipment according to a second specific embodiment; and
Figure 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method of operating a node in the network.
Detailed Description
Although embodiments described below refer to a UMTS mobile communications network, it will be appreciated that the teachings of this application are applicable to other types of network in which nodes of differing transmit power can be deployed.
In addition, although the embodiments described below refer to a picocell base station within the coverage area of a macrocell base station, it will be appreciated that the teachings of this application are applicable to any type of heterogeneous deployment of nodes (e.g. a picocell base station within the coverage area of a microcell base station, a microcell base station within the coverage area of a macrocell base station, or a femtocell base station within the coverage area of any of a picocell, microcell or macrocell base station).
As indicated above, there are various solutions available for optimising or improving the performance of UEs 14 when they are in an imbalanced region 16 between a low- power node 4 (such as a picocell base station, microcell base station or a femtocell base station) and a higher-power node 6, such as a macrocell base station. However, these solutions are often provided at the expense of increased resource consumption in the nodes of the network 2. The methods described herein provide a way to determine when it is appropriate to activate these solutions for a particular UE 14. In other words, the methods provide a way of determining when the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region, or, in some embodiments, when the UE 14 is in part of the imbalanced region up to the end of a 'range extension' region (as set by an offset value that is applied to the signal quality measurements for transmissions between the UE 14 and the LPN 4).
The flow chart of Figure 2 shows an exemplary method of operating a mobile device (UE) 14 in a heterogeneous network 2. In a first step, step 91 , measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between a first base station (e.g. picocell base station 4) and the mobile device 14 and/or a second base station (e.g. macrocell base station 6) and the mobile device 14 are obtained. Then, in step 93, these measurements are
analysed to determine whether the mobile device 14 is in an imbalanced region 16 or part of an imbalanced region 16 between the first and second base stations 4, 6.
The flow chart of Figure 3 shows an exemplary method of operating a node in the network 2, such as picocell base station 4, macrocell base station 6 and/or RNC 8. In a first step, step 95, a signal is received from a mobile device 14. This signal is analysed in step 97 to determine whether the mobile device 14 is in an imbalanced region 16 or part of an imbalanced region 16 between first and second base stations 4, 6.
Since additional overhead (e.g. signalling) in terms of the sending of measurement reports from the UE 14 should be minimised, the UE 14 ideally should not continuously inform the network 2 of the experienced quality of its measured cells or of its position in relation to an imbalanced region 16. Hence, in a first specific embodiment, described with reference to Figure 7 below, UEs 14 are configured to notify the network 2 when they have entered or left the imbalanced region 16 or the specified part of the imbalanced region 16 (i.e. the range extension region). In this embodiment, the network 2 will have full awareness of which UEs 14 are located in an imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and therefore which UEs 14 could gain from appropriate solutions for managing heterogeneous networks. In a second specific embodiment, described with reference to Figure 8 below, UEs 14 are configured to inform the network 2 of their location with respect to an imbalanced region 16 or part of the imbalanced region 16 at the start of a data transmission. In this embodiment, the amount of additional signalling is minimised since UEs 14 only transmit a measurement report or location indicator when there is data to be transmitted.
Figure 4 shows a UE 14 that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below. The UE 14 comprises a processing module 30 that controls the operation of the UE 14. The processing module 30 is connected to a receiver or transceiver module 32 with associated antenna(s) 34 which are used to receive signals from a base station 4, 6 in the network 2. The user equipment 14 also comprises a memory module 36 that is connected to the processing module 30 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the UE 14, including data received from the network 2.
Figure 5 shows a base station 4, 6 (called a Node B in UMTS) that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below. Although in practice the picocell base station 4 will not be identical in size and structure to the macrocell base station 6, for the purposes of this description, the base stations 4, 6 are considered to comprise the same components. Thus, the base station 4, 6 comprises a processing module 40 that controls the operation of the base station 4, 6. The processing module 40 is connected to a transceiver module 42 with associated antenna(s) 44 which are used to transmit signals to, and receive signals from, user equipments 14 in the network 2. The base station 4, 6 also comprises a memory module 46 that is connected to the processing module 40 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the base station 4, 6. The base station 4, 6 also includes components and/or circuitry 48 for allowing the base station 4, 6 to exchange information with the RNC 8 (which is typically via the lub interface). Figure 6 shows a radio network controller (RNC) 8 that can be used in one or more of the embodiments described below. The RNC 8 comprises a processing module 50 that controls the operation of the RNC 8. The processing module 50 is connected to components and/or circuitry 52 for allowing the RNC 8 to exchange information with the base stations 4, 6 with which it is associated (which is typically via the lub interface), and components or circuitry 54 for allowing the RNC 8 to exchange information with the core network 10 (which is typically via the lu-CS and/or lu-PS interface). The RNC 8 also comprises a memory module 56 that is connected to the processing module 50 and that stores information and data required for the operation of the RNC 8. It will be appreciated that, for simplicity, only components of the UE 14, Node B 4, 6 and RNC 8 required to illustrate the methods described below are shown in Figures 4, 5 and 6.
A method of operating a UE 14 according to a first embodiment is shown in Figure 7. In step 101 , the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and nearby base stations 4, 6. For the purposes of this method, it is assumed that the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and at least one of a picocell base station 4 and an overlying macrocell base station 6. It is also assumed at step 101 that the UE 14 is not yet in the imbalanced region 16. If the UE 14 is already in the imbalanced region 16, the method can alternatively commence at step 109.
In step 101 the UE 14 preferably measures the quality of downlink signals from at least one of the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6. The signals are received by the antenna(s) 34 and receiver module 32 in the UE 14 and passed to the processing module 30 for the processing module 30 to determine the quality measurements.
The downlink signals received by the UE 14 can be the common pilot channel (CPICH), and the quality measurement can be the CPICH received signal code power (RSCP) and/or the CPICH EJN0 (which is the ratio of the received energy per pseudorandom noise (PN) chip for the CPICH to the total received power spectral density at the UE 14).
Then, in step 103, the UE 14 analyses the measurements to determine if the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region 16. As described above, the imbalanced region 16 is the region in a heterogeneous network deployment between a higher-power node 6 and a lower-power node 4 where, for a UE 14 in this region 16, the higher-power node 6 is the strongest or best cell for the DL to the UE 14, but the lower-power node 4 is the strongest or best cell for the UL from the UE 14.
Since it can be difficult for a UE 14 to determine and keep track of the best cell for the UL from the UE 14, it is preferable for the UE 14 to determine whether it is in the imbalanced region 16 based on measurements of DL quality only. In some embodiments, the imbalanced region 16 can be defined as any location x where the following relationship is satisfied:
X: 0≤ FmacroM - Fpico(x)≤ Pdiff (1) where the function F represents the DL quality measurement at location x from a particular cell (either in terms of RSCP or Ec/N0 in dB with regards to the CPICH), and Pdiff is the difference (in dB) in the transmission power of the macrocell base station 6 CPICH and the picocell base station 4 CPICH. The location x where Fmacro(x) - FpiCo(x) = 0 corresponds to the DL border 12, and the location x where Fmacro(x) - FpiCo(x) = Pdiff corresponds to the UL border. In some implementations, if the DL quality measurement F is based on CPICH Ec/N0, the threshold for the UL border can be set as Pdiff+Δ, where Δ can be a small positive or negative number and is used to account for the difference in total interference levels experienced by the picocell CPICH versus the macrocell CPICH. The value for Δ may be predetermined.
Pdiff is straight forward to calculate in the UE 14 since the primary CPICH transmission power for each of the base stations 4, 6 is communicated to the UE 14 via one of the broadcast system information messages. The original purpose of this signalling is so that the UE 14 can estimate the pathloss from each of the base stations 4, 6 which enables the UE to perform random access. The transmission of information on the primary CPICH transmission power is detailed in section 10.3.6.61 of 3GPP specification 25.331 , v10.8, June 2012. Where the UE 14 is to determine whether it is in a part of the imbalanced region 16, such as a part extending from the DL border 12 up to the end of a range extension region, the U E 14 can use the following relationship in step 103:
x: 0≤ Fmacro(x) - Fpico(x)≤ RE (2)
where RE is the amount of offset to be applied to quality measurements of the DL signals from the picocell base station 4. Typically, the range extension region forms a subset of the full imbalanced region 16 (i.e. RE≤ Pdiff). In this case, the picocell range can be expanded all the way up to the UL border. However, in some cases, expanding the picocell range beyond the imbalanced region 16 can be desirable, i.e. RE > Pdiff. The amount of range extension to be applied to a particular low-power cell (i.e. the value of RE) is communicated to the UE 14 so that it can be used in cell selection/reselection decisions (when the UE 14 is in a CELL_FACH state) or in triggering the issue of a measurement report to the network 2 (when the U E 14 is in a CELL_DCH state). In CELL_DCH, the hand over is event triggered by the UE 14 (event 1 d in section 10.3.7.39 in 3GPP specification 25.331 , v10.8, June 2012). and the UE 14 must therefore be aware of any bias or offset used for the cell reselection, typically denoted the Cell Individual Offset (CIO). In CELL_FACH the hand over is UE centred and therefore the UE 14 must know any bias or offset, typically denoted qOffsetl sn or qOffset2sn, for the camping cell reselection. Thus, the UE 14 will be aware of the value of RE when step 103 is to be performed.
However, in both cases above (i.e. when using relationship (1) or (2)), any offsets such as the CIO for CELL_DCH or qOffset1/2sn for CELL_FACH will typically not be included in the calculation of F. It is, for example, desirable for the UE 14 to inform the network 2 when the UE 14 is at the DL border 12 even when offsets are used to achieve range extension for the picocell 4.
As an alternative to the definitions provided in equations (1) and (2) above, the imbalanced region 16 can be defined in terms of the pathgain on the UL from the UE 14 to the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6. In this case, the imbalanced region 16 can be defined as any location x where the following relationship is satisfied
X: 0≤ Gpico(x) - GmacroM≤ Pdiff (3)
where the function G represents the pathgain at location x for a particular cell in dB, and Pdiff is the difference in the CPICH transmission power of the macrocell base station 6 and the picocell base station 4. The pathgain G on the UL is the inverse of the DL pathloss from a base station 4, 6 to the UE 14, and so the pathgain G can be calculated by the UE 14 as the measured DL CPICH RSCP for a cell divided by the CPICH transmission power for that cell. The location x where GpiCo(x) - GmaCro(x) = 0 corresponds to the UL border, and the location x where GpiCo(x) - GmaCro(x) = Pdiff corresponds to the DL border 12.
Similarly, an alternative relationship that can be used to determine if the UE 14 is in the range extension region is:
X: RE≤ Gpico(x) - GmacroM≤ Pdiff (4)
where RE is the amount of offset to be applied to quality measurements of the DL signals from the picocell base station 4.
It will be appreciated from the above that the imbalanced region 16 can alternatively be defined using a combination of DL signal quality F and the pathgain G (for example the imbalanced region 16 could correspond to any location x where x: 0 < FmaCro(x) - FpiCo(x) < Pdiff and 0 < GpiCo(x) - GmaCro(x) < Pdiff).
In another alternative, where the UE 14 only measures the signal quality (preferably the RSCP) of the CPICH from the picocell base station 4, the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can correspond to a location x where:
x: a≤ Fpico(x)≤ b (5) with a being a lower threshold and b being an upper threshold. The values of a and b can be optimised according to the power with which the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 transmit the CPICH.
For example, a network operator can identify the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region according to equation (1) or (2) by using a test mobile device to measure the signal quality at a number of locations in the network coverage area. Then, the network operator can obtain the upper bound b and lower bound a on FpiCo(x) based on the measurement data collected by the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region. The upper and lower bounds can be stored in the RNC 8 and used to classify whether UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region based on the UE's measurement FpiCo(x). Alternatively, instead of using the lower bound for the value of a and upper bound for the value of b, the mean of the lowest 10-percentile of FpiCo(x) measurements from the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can be used as the value of a and the mean of the highest 10-percentile of FpiCo(x) measurements from the test mobile device in the identified imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region can be used as the value of b.
After step 103, it is determined in step 105 whether the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region). In other words, it is determined whether the UE 14 is now in the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region) whereas previously it was outside the region. If the UE 14 has not entered the region, the method returns to step 101 and repeats.
If it is determined that the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region), then the method moves to step 107 in which the UE 14 sends a message to the network 2 to inform the network 2 that the UE 14 is now in the region. In some embodiments, this message is a measurement report that contains the signal quality measurements made by the UE 14 on the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (and optionally the signal quality measurements of any other nearby cells). In some embodiments, a new event identity (ID) can be defined for the event of the UE 14 entering the imbalanced region 16, and on occurrence of the event the UE 14 can be configured to transmit the required message or measurement report.
As described with reference to Figure 9 below, a node in the network 2 (for example the picocell base station 4, macrocell base station 6 or RNC 8) can process the signal quality measurements in the measurement report to determine whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
In alternative implementations, the transmission of the message or measurement report itself can indicate to the network 2 that the UE 14 is in the specified region (e.g. the imbalanced region 16 or part of the imbalanced region 16 between the picocell base station 4 and the macrocell base station 6) - i.e. the UE 14 can be configured to only send the message or measurement report when it has entered the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
After the transmission of the measurement report or other message to the network 2 in step 107, the method moves to step 109 in which the UE 14 continues to measure the quality of the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6. These measurements are then analysed in step 1 11 to determine if the UE 14 is still in the imbalanced region 16. It will be appreciated that the implementation of steps 109 and 11 1 is similar, if not the same as, steps 101 and 103 described above.
In step 1 13, it is determined whether the UE 14 is still in the imbalanced region 16 (or range extension region). If the UE 14 is still in the region, the method returns to step 109. If it is determined that the UE 14 is no longer in the region, the method moves to step 1 15 in which a measurement report or other message is sent to the network 2 by the UE 14 indicating that the UE 14 is no longer in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region. As in step 107, the measurement report can indicate the signal quality measurements for the nearby cells 4, 6, the measurement report can be a dedicated message that is only sent when the UE 14 has left the region. Once the message or measurement report has been sent to the network 2, the method returns to step 101.
Although this embodiment has the drawback that messages or measurement reports will be transmitted by the UE 14 when there is no data being transmitted by the UE 14 (for example when the UE is in CELL_FACH state or in DTX/DRX in the CELL_DCH state), resulting in some signalling overhead, it provides the advantage that the network 2 (for example the RNC 8) has full knowledge of exactly which and how many UEs 14 are located in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region at all times. Therefore the lead time required to set up or implement a certain heterogeneous network solution can be minimised, since it can already be in place before any upcoming data transmission. Furthermore, this knowledge enables the network 2 to implement more complex solutions where, for example, the number of UEs 14 in the
imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and/or different states of the UEs 14 are taken into account.
A method of operating a UE 14 according to a second embodiment is shown in Figure 8. In this embodiment, the operation of the UE 14 is shown as two processes, the first corresponding to steps 121-125 and the second corresponding to steps 127-133. These processes can operate generally simultaneously in the UE 14.
In step 121 of Figure 8, the UE 14 measures the quality of signals transmitted between the UE 14 and one or more nearby base stations 4, 6. Step 121 can be implemented in the same way as step 101 of the first embodiment.
The signal quality measurements are then analysed in step 123 to determine if the UE 14 is in the specified region (i.e. the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region). Again, this step can be implemented in the same way as step 103 above.
Then, in step 125, an indication of whether the UE 14 is in the specified region is stored in the memory module 36 of the UE 14. The method then returns to step 121 and repeats.
In the second process, beginning with step 127, it is determined whether a data transmission from the UE 14 is to be initiated. This data transmission may be the transmission of data by the UE 14 in a random access channel (RACH) or a transmission in response to a paging message sent to the UE 14 from the network 2. Step 127 repeats until there is data to be transmitted.
If a data transmission is to be initiated, the process moves to step 129 in which it is determined whether the UE 14 is in the specified region. In this step, the processing module 30 of the UE 14 can retrieve the indication stored in the memory module 36 in step 125 and determine from the indication if the UE 14 is in the specified region or not.
If the UE 14 is in the specified region, the process moves to step 131 in which the UE 14 sends a message to the network 2 to inform the network 2 that the UE 14 is in the specified region. This message can also indicate that the UE 14 is about to begin data transmission. As in the first embodiment, this message can be a measurement report that contains the signal quality measurements made by the UE 14 on the downlink
signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (and optionally the signal quality measurements of any other nearby cells).
As described with reference to Figure 9 below, a node in the network 2 (for example the picocell base station 4, macrocell base station 6 or RNC 8) can process the signal quality measurements in the measurement report to determine whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region.
In alternative implementations, the transmission of the message itself can indicate to the network 2 that the UE 14 is in the specified region - i.e. the UE 14 can be configured to only send the message when it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and it is about to initiate data transmission.
Once the message or measurement report has been transmitted to the network 2, the method moves to step 133 in which the UE 14 initiates the data transmission.
If in step 129 it is determined that the UE 14 is not in the specified region, the method can move directly to step 133 in which the UE 14 initiates the data transmission (i.e. no specific message or measurement report is transmitted by the UE 14 in this case).
It will be appreciated that steps 131 and 133 (the sending of the measurement report to the network and the initiation of the data transmission by the UE respectively) can occur in the order shown in Figure 8, or they can occur at the same or substantially the same time, or even in the opposite order to that shown in Figure 8.
Although this embodiment has a drawback in that it does not provide much, if any, time for the network 2 to implement a heterogeneous network solution before the UE 14 starts transmitting data, it does provide the advantage that there is little increase in the signalling overhead as messages or measurement reports are only sent when really needed. However, where the UE 14 is only transmitting relatively small and/or infrequent amounts of data (for example when the UE 14 is in the CELL_FACH state, the report can be sent with, just before or just after the first data transmission, which means that the network 2 can implement a heterogeneous network solution or technique in response to that report before any further data transmissions by the UE 14. For example, the inter-arrival time for uplink data relating to a web application in the UE 14 may be of the order of several seconds. The initial data transmission can be
sent with the measurement report, and the network can initiate a communication improving technique to better serve the UE's subsequent data transmissions. One example of a suitable technique in this instance is soft handoff (SHO). Given the advantages and drawbacks of each of the location-activated and traffic- activated triggers above (i.e. the methods in Figures 7 and 8 respectively) it will be appreciated that it is preferable to use traffic-activated triggers (the Figure 8 embodiment) for UEs 14 that are in the CELL_FACH state (in which it is more important to maintain a low signalling overhead and therefore only transmit a traffic activated trigger after the UE PRACH ramps up for UL transmissions and/or upon responding to paging to the UE 14 for DL transmissions). For a UE 14 in the CELL_FACH state, it is not certain that there will be any data transmission while the UE is in the imbalanced region or range extension region. However, an exception could be for UEs 14 that are in the CELL_FACH state that have ongoing data transmissions. In this case, the use of location-activated triggers (Figure 7) may be justified.
UEs 14 that are in the CELL_DCH state are largely synonymous with ongoing data transmissions (or imminent transmissions) and in this case it will be appreciated that it is preferred to use location-activated triggers (i.e. the Figure 7 embodiment) to guarantee the best performance. The added overhead from the trigger event reports is insignificant in comparison to the relatively large payload data that is required to be transmitted and/or received by the UE 14 for it to be in the CELL_DCH state in the first place. If a UE 14 becomes active while inside the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region and it switches from the CELL_FACH state up to CELL_DCH state, traffic activated triggering can be used instead (since the 'UE entered imbalanced region' measurement report in step 107 of Figure 7 will not be triggered). Alternatively, after switching from the CELL_FACH state up to the CELL_DCH state, the UE 14 can continue using the location-activated triggers (in which case the UE 14 will operate from step 109 in Figure 7).
Thus, it will be appreciated that a UE 14 can be configured to operate according to just one or both of the methods described above. In the latter cases, the UE 14 can be configured to select the method to use based on the current radio resource control (RRC) state of the UE 14 (i.e. CELL_FACH or CELL_DCH).
Although in the embodiments described above the UE 14 preferably determines whether it is in the imbalanced or range extension regions on the basis of measurements of the downlink signal quality from the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6, it will be appreciated that it is possible to determine whether the UE 14 is in the specified region based on measurements of the quality of the uplink from the UE 4 to the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6. In this case, pathgain measurements of UL transmissions from the UE 14 (e.g. the dedicated physical control channel, DPCCH, from the UE 14) can be made at both the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6. The pathgain measurements could then be communicated to the UE 14 so that the UE 14 can determine whether it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4). It will be appreciated that this approach requires coordination between the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 (including making the non-serving base station aware of the scrambling code used by the UE 14 so that the non-serving base station can despread the UL transmission (e.g. DPCCH)).
Figure 9 shows a method of operating a node in the network 2 according to the above embodiments. The node could be any one or more of the lower-power (picocell) base station 4, higher-power (macrocell) base station 6 or RNC 8.
In a first step, step 141 , the node receives a signal, for example a measurement report or other message, from a UE 14. Where the node is a base station 4, 6, the signal will be received wirelessly from the UE 14 using antenna(s) 44 and transceiver module 42. Where the node is an RNC 8, the signal will be received wirelessly from the UE 14 at one of the base stations 4, 6 and passed by that base station 4, 6 to the RNC 8 through the lub interface.
In steps 143 and 145, the node analyses the signal to determine whether the UE 14 is in a specified region (i.e. an imbalanced region or a range extension region) between the macrocell base station 6 and the picocell base station 4. The signal may comprise a measurement report or other message that has been transmitted by the UE 14 in accordance with the methods shown in Figures 7 and 8. In this case, the measurement report or message may comprise measurements of the quality of the downlink signals from the picocell base station 4 and/or macrocell base station 6 (or the measurements of pathgain G if calculated and/or used by the UE 14), so this step
can comprise the node determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced or range extension region using one of the relationships defined in equations (1)-(5). Alternatively, where the UE 14 is configured to only transmit a particular measurement report in a specific situation (e.g. when the UE 14 has entered the imbalanced region, left the imbalanced region 16 or is in the imbalanced region 16 and is about to (or just has) transmit data), step 143 can comprise the node determining the type of measurement report received from the UE 14.
Alternatively, rather than operate according to the methods in Figures 7 or 8, the UE 14 can be configured by the node (e.g. RNC 8) to periodically send measurement reports to the RNC 8 corresponding to the received CPICH power (CPICH RSCP) or computed pathloss values for the serving and neighbouring cells. In this case, the RNC 8 can process the CPICH RSCP measurements in the measurement reports according to any of equations (1)-(4) to determine whether the UE 14 is located in the imbalanced region 16 or the range extension region. In the case of pathloss measurements, if the pathloss to the macrocell base station 6 is greater than to the picocell base station 4 and the UE 14 is being served by the macrocell base station 6, then the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16. In an alternative implementation, rather than the UE 14 determining whether it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region, the node can make the determination based on measurements of the quality of UL transmissions from the UE 14 (e.g. measurements, such as the pathgain, of the dedicated physical control channel, DPCCH, from the UE 14). Where the node is one of the picocell base station 4 or macrocell base station 6, the signal received in step 141 will be the UL transmission from the UE 14, and the base station will determine the pathgain from the received signal. The base station will also receive a signal from the other one of the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 indicating the signal quality (e.g. pathgain) of the UL transmission at that base station. Step 143 can then comprise the base station determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region from the UL quality measurements using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4). Alternatively, where the node is the RNC 8, the signal received in step 141 can be a signal from one or both of the picocell base station 4 or macrocell base station 6 indicating the measurements of the quality of the uplink from the UE 14 by those base stations. Step 143 can then comprise the RNC 8 determining whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region from those
measurements using similar relationships to those defined in equations (3) and (4). It will be appreciated that these approaches require coordination between the picocell base station 4 and macrocell base station 6 to exchange the UL quality measurement and for the base station serving the UE 14 to make the non-serving base station aware of the scrambling code used by the UE 14 so that the non-serving base station can despread the UL transmission (e.g. DPCCH).
If the UE 14 is determined in step 143 to be in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region, the method passes to step 147 in which the node initiates an action to improve the communication performance of the UE 14 while it is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region. The method then returns to step 141 where the node awaits another signal from the UE 14.
It will be appreciated that, where the UE 14 is in the CELL_FACH state (i.e. the UE 14 can send small amounts of data to the network 2) and the UE 14 has data to send to the network 2, the UE 14 can send a measurement report or other signal to the macrocell base station 6 along with the data
If the UE 14 is not in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region, the method returns to step 141 where the node awaits another signal from the UE 14. If an action or technique has previously been activated by the node or other part of the network 2 to improve the communication performance of the UE 14, then the method can proceed to step 141 via step 149 in which the active action or technique is deactivated. In this way, the action or technique will only be used while the UE 14 is in the most appropriate part of the network 2 (i.e. in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region), and therefore not consume resources unnecessarily.
There is a further alternative implementation of step 143 in which the node determines whether the UE 14 is in the imbalanced region 16 or range extension region without requiring any specific action by the UE 14. In this alternative, both the macrocell base station 6 and picocell base station 4 listen for and record the time when the UE RACH ramps up (i.e. when they detect a RACH transmission from the UE). That is, when a UE 14 wants to initiate the transmission of data, it transmits a RACH preamble sequence, initially at a relatively low power. When the serving base station (e.g. the macrocell base station 6) receives the RACH preamble sequence, the serving cell responds with an acquisition indicator (Al) over an AICH (Al channel) which indicates
the resources on the E-DCH to be used by the UE 14. If the UE 14 does not receive an Al in response to the transmission of a RACH preamble sequence, it retransmits the sequence at a higher power level. The UE 14 continues gradually increasing the power level of the transmitted RACH preamble sequence (called preamble ramping) until it receives a reply from the serving base station. In the imbalanced region 16, the pathloss to the picocell base station 4 will be less than the pathloss to the macrocell base station 6, so the picocell base station 4 should detect a RACH transmission from the UE 14 before the macrocell base station 6. Likewise, if the macrocell base station 6 hears the RACH transmission first, it is an indication that the UE 14 has left the imbalanced region 16. Thus, if the UE 14 has the macrocell as the serving cell but the picocell base station 4 hears the ramp up first (i.e. it detects a RACH preamble sequence transmitted at a lower power than the RACH preamble sequence detected by the macrocell base station 6), this is an indication to the network that the UE 14 is closer to the picocell base station 4 than to the macrocell base station 6 and is thus in the imbalanced region 16. To implement this embodiment, the non-serving base station can be informed of the set of RACH preamble sequences that are used by the serving base station, and the non-serving base station will be configured to perform RACH detection using these preamble sequences in addition to the regular RACH detection it does for UEs 14 associated with its own cell. This may require the non- serving base station to include components or other hardware in the form of correlators tuned to the serving cell preamble sequences. A low-latency connection between the base stations is also required so that the non-serving cell can signal to the serving cell when it hears the RACH ramp up. There are therefore provided methods for determining when a UE 14 is located within the imbalanced region 16 (or a part of the imbalanced region 16) between two heterogeneous base stations 4, 6 in a network 2.
It will be appreciated that the base stations 4, 6, RNC 8 and/or UE 14 can be configured to implement the methods described above using suitable software or firmware, or by providing the base station 4, 6, RNC 8 and/or UE 14 with a suitably configured processor, processing module, application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), field-programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. Modifications and other variants of the described embodiment(s) will come to mind to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing
descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiment(s) is/are not to be limited to the specific examples disclosed and that modifications and other variants are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.
Claims
1. A method of operating a mobile device in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising:
obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and
analysing (93; 103; 123) the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein, if following a determination that the mobile device is not located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the mobile device is subsequently determined to be located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the method further comprises the step of:
transmitting (107; 131) a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
3. A method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, if following a determination that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the mobile device is subsequently determined not to be located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, the method further comprises the step of: transmitting (1 15) a signal from the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is no longer in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
4. A method as claimed in claim 1 , 2 or 3, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
in the event that it is determined (127, 129) in the step of analysing (123) that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device, transmitting (131) a signal from the
mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations indicating that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
5. A method as claimed in any of claims 2 to 4, wherein the signal transmitted by the mobile device to at least one of the first and second base stations comprises (i) a message indicating whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations; or (ii) a measurement report that comprises the obtained measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and the second base station and the mobile device.
6. A method as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the step of obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing (93; 103; 123) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
7. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing (93; 103; 123) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
8. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second
base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing (93; 103; 123) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
9. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device and determining a pathgain from the mobile device to each base station, and wherein the step of analysing (93; 103; 123) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the determined pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
10. A method as claimed in any of claims 1 to 5, wherein the step of obtaining (91 ; 101 ; 121) comprises measuring the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and wherein the step of analysing (93; 103; 123) comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold.
1 1. A mobile device (14) for use in a heterogeneous communications network (2), the heterogeneous communications network (2) comprising first and second base stations (4, 6), the first base station (4) having a lower transmission power than the second base station (6) and being within the coverage area of the second base station (6), the mobile device (14) comprising:
a processing module (30) configured to obtain measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station (4) and the mobile device (14) and/or the second base station (6) and the mobile device (14) and to analyse the measurements of the quality to determine whether the mobile device (14) is located in an imbalanced region (16) or part of an imbalanced region (16) between the first and second base stations (4, 6).
12. A mobile device (14) as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the processing module (30) is configured such that, following a determination by the processing module (30) that the mobile device (14) is not located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16) and a subsequent determination that the mobile device (14) is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16), the processing module (30) initiates a transmission of a signal from the mobile device (14) to at least one of the first and second base stations (4, 6) indicating that the mobile device (14) has entered the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16).
13. A mobile device (14) as claimed in claim 11 or 12, wherein the processing module (30) is configured such that, following a determination by the processing module (30) that the mobile device (14) is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16) and a subsequent determination that the mobile device (14) is not located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16), the processing module (30) initiates a transmission of a signal from the mobile device (14) to at least one of the first and second base stations (4, 6) indicating that the mobile device (14) is no longer in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16).
14. A mobile device (14) as claimed in claim 11 , 12 or 13, wherein the processing module (30) is configured such that, in the event that it is determined that the mobile device (14) is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16) and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device (14), the processing module (30) initiates a transmission of a signal from the mobile device (14) to at least one of the first and second base stations (4, 6) indicating that the mobile device (14) is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16).
15. A mobile device (14) as claimed in any of claims 12 to 14, wherein the processing module (30) is configured to initiate transmission of a signal to at least one of the first and second base stations (4, 6) that comprises (i) a message indicating whether the mobile device (14) is located in an imbalanced region (16) or part of an imbalanced region (16) between the first and second base stations (4, 6); or (ii) a measurement report that comprises the obtained measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station (4) and the mobile device (14) and the second base station (6) and the mobile device (14).
16. A method of operating a node in a heterogeneous communications network, the heterogeneous communications network comprising first and second base stations, the first base station having a lower transmission power than the second base station and being within the coverage area of the second base station, the method comprising: receiving (95; 141) a signal from a mobile device in the network; and
analysing (97; 143) the received signal to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
17. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the signal indicates one of (i) the mobile device has entered the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; (ii) the mobile device is no longer located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region; or (iii) the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region.
18. A method as claimed in claim 16 or 17, wherein the received signal comprises a message that indicates measurements of the quality of signals transmitted between the first base station and the mobile device and/or the second base station and the mobile device; and wherein the step of analysing comprises analysing the measurements to determine whether the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
19. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is in an imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or
greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than the difference in the downlink transmission power for the first and second base stations.
20. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device or measurements of the pathgain from the mobile device to each base station derived from the measurements of the quality of the downlink signals, and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is in an imbalanced region where (i) the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the downlink transmission powers for the first and second base stations.
21. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device, and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station is equal to or greater than the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station, and (ii) the difference between the measured quality of downlink signals from the second base station and the measured quality of downlink signals from the first base station is equal to or less than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
22. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first and second base stations to the mobile device or measurements of the pathgain from the mobile device to each base station derived from the measurements of the quality of the downlink signals, and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference
between the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the downlink transmission powers for the first and second base stations, and (ii) the difference between the pathgain of uplink signals to the first base station and the pathgain of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
23. A method as claimed in claim 18, wherein the measurements of the quality of signals are measurements of the quality of downlink signals from the first base station to the mobile device and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises comparing the measured quality to upper and lower thresholds, and determining that the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region if the measured quality is below the upper threshold and above the lower threshold.
24. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the signal is a signal sent in an uplink channel from the mobile device to one of the first and second base stations, the method further comprising the steps of:
determining the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the one of the first and second base stations from the received signal; and
receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the quality of the uplink channel from the mobile device to the other one of said first and second base stations;
and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises analysing the quality of the uplink channels from the mobile device to the first and second base stations to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region or part of an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
25. A method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region where (i) the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station is equal to or greater than the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel.
26. A method as claimed in claim 24, wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining whether the mobile device is located in a part of the imbalanced region where (i) the difference between the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals from the mobile device to the second base station is equal to or less than the difference between the power at which the first and second base stations transmit signals in a control channel, and (ii) the difference between the quality of uplink signals to the first base station and the quality of uplink signals to the second base station is equal to or greater than an offset value that is used to extend the range of the first base station.
27. A method as claimed in claim 16, wherein the signal is a signal sent in an uplink channel from the mobile device to one of the first and second base stations that is the base station serving the mobile device, the method further comprising the steps of: determining the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the one of the first and second base stations that is the base station serving the mobile device; and receiving a signal from the other one of said first and second base stations, the signal indicating the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the other one of said first and second base stations;
and wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises comparing the determined time of receipt and the received time of receipt to determine whether the mobile device is located in an imbalanced region between the first and second base stations.
28. A method as claimed in claim 27, wherein the step of analysing (97; 143) comprises determining that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region when the mobile device is being served by the second base station and the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the first base station is before the time of receipt of the signal in the uplink channel at the second base station.
29. A method as claimed in any of claims 16 to 28, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
in the event that it is determined in the step of analysing (97; 143) that the mobile device has entered or is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region, initiating (147) an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
30. A method as claimed in any of claims 16 to 28, wherein the method further comprises the step of:
in the event that it is determined in the step of analysing (97; 143) that the mobile device is located in the imbalanced region or the part of the imbalanced region and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device, initiating (147) an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device with the network.
31. A node (4; 6; 8) for use in a heterogeneous communications network (2), the heterogeneous communications network (2) comprising first and second base stations (4, 6), the first base station (4) having a lower transmission power than the second base station (6) and being within the coverage area of the second base station (6), the node (4; 6; 8) comprising:
a transceiver module (42; 52) configured to receive a signal from a mobile device (14) in the network (2); and
a processing module (40; 50) configured to analyse the received signal to determine whether the mobile device (14) is located in an imbalanced region (16) or part of an imbalanced region (16) between the first and second base stations (4, 6).
32. A node (4; 6; 8) as claimed in claim 31 , wherein the processing module (40; 50) is further configured to initiate an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device (14) with the network (2) in the event that it is determined that the mobile device (14) has entered or is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16).
33. A node (4; 6; 8) as claimed in claim 31 , wherein the processing module (40; 50) is further configured to initiate an action to improve the communication performance of the mobile device (14) with the network (2) in the event that it is determined that the mobile device (14) is located in the imbalanced region (16) or the part of the imbalanced region (16) and data is to be transmitted by the mobile device (14).
34. A node (4; 6; 8) as claimed in any of claims 31 to 33, wherein the node is one of the first base station, second base station or a radio network controller associated with one or both of the first base station and the second base station.
35. A computer program product comprising computer readable code embodied therein, the computer readable code being configured such that, on execution by a
suitable computer or processor, the computer or processor is configured to perform the method defined in any of claims 1-10 or 16-30.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12882459.6A EP2880930A4 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-10-17 | A mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network |
CN201280076256.XA CN104823497B (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-10-17 | Mobile device, network node and method of operating a mobile device and a network node in a mobile communication network |
US14/419,294 US9386466B2 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-10-17 | Mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US201261679219P | 2012-08-03 | 2012-08-03 | |
US61/679,219 | 2012-08-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2014021750A1 true WO2014021750A1 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
Family
ID=50028306
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/SE2012/051113 WO2014021750A1 (en) | 2012-08-03 | 2012-10-17 | A mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9386466B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2880930A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104823497B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014021750A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150020157A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for multi cell communication using beamforming in wireless communication system |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2015013893A1 (en) * | 2013-07-30 | 2015-02-05 | 华为技术有限公司 | Method and device for obtaining downlink quality information |
WO2015018011A1 (en) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-02-12 | 华为技术有限公司 | Terminal information reporting method and related device |
JP6156080B2 (en) * | 2013-11-12 | 2017-07-05 | 富士通株式会社 | Radio base station and radio communication system |
CN106686713B (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2021-06-25 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Uplink interference control method and device |
CN107124728A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Resource allocation methods, device and system based on WCDMA heterogeneous networks |
CN107124765A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2017-09-01 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Resource allocation methods, device and system based on WCDMA heterogeneous networks |
US11743957B2 (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2023-08-29 | Lg Electronics Inc. | Method and apparatus for initial access in wireless communication system |
US10693713B1 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2020-06-23 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for providing service coverage with a measurement-based dynamic threshold adjustment |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090003272A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Steven John Payne | Method for detecting RF link imbalances in a wireless communications network |
EP2387279A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Cell (re)selection in a heterogeneous mobile communication system |
US20110294499A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Vikberg Jari | Network-based area positioning for capacity and coverage improvement |
US20110312319A1 (en) | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Downlink Scheduling in Heterogeneous Networks |
US20120157108A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fractional frequency reuse in heterogeneous networks |
GB2494754A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2013-03-20 | Renesas Mobile Corp | Cell selection in a heterogeneous network of macrocells and small cells |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100893691B1 (en) * | 2005-06-10 | 2009-04-17 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Apparatus and method for deciding vertical hand off |
US9820240B2 (en) * | 2008-02-01 | 2017-11-14 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Virtual scheduling in heterogeneous networks |
US8477737B2 (en) * | 2008-03-26 | 2013-07-02 | Alcatel Lucent | System and method to improve uplink coverage in multi-carrier systems |
US8737229B2 (en) * | 2008-07-11 | 2014-05-27 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Access mechanisms for base stations in heterogeneous access point networks |
US8588178B2 (en) * | 2009-03-19 | 2013-11-19 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Adaptive association and joint association and resource partitioning in a wireless communication network |
US8331937B2 (en) * | 2009-08-17 | 2012-12-11 | Motorola Mobility Llc | Mitigation of uplink interference from wireless communication device connected to a micro cell |
WO2011074865A2 (en) * | 2009-12-15 | 2011-06-23 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | Method and apparatus for removing inter-heterogeneous cell interference |
KR101676013B1 (en) * | 2010-05-03 | 2016-11-14 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Methdo and apparatus of control channel reconfiguration in a wireless communication system |
JP5122612B2 (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2013-01-16 | 株式会社エヌ・ティ・ティ・ドコモ | Radio base station apparatus and transmission power control method |
AU2011326854B2 (en) * | 2010-11-09 | 2014-11-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Method and arrangement for reporting channel state information in a telecommunication system |
-
2012
- 2012-10-17 WO PCT/SE2012/051113 patent/WO2014021750A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-10-17 US US14/419,294 patent/US9386466B2/en active Active
- 2012-10-17 CN CN201280076256.XA patent/CN104823497B/en active Active
- 2012-10-17 EP EP12882459.6A patent/EP2880930A4/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20090003272A1 (en) * | 2007-06-29 | 2009-01-01 | Steven John Payne | Method for detecting RF link imbalances in a wireless communications network |
EP2387279A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-16 | Panasonic Corporation | Cell (re)selection in a heterogeneous mobile communication system |
US20110294499A1 (en) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-01 | Vikberg Jari | Network-based area positioning for capacity and coverage improvement |
US20110312319A1 (en) | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-22 | Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson (Publ) | Downlink Scheduling in Heterogeneous Networks |
US20120157108A1 (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2012-06-21 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Fractional frequency reuse in heterogeneous networks |
GB2494754A (en) * | 2012-07-30 | 2013-03-20 | Renesas Mobile Corp | Cell selection in a heterogeneous network of macrocells and small cells |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See also references of EP2880930A4 |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20150020157A1 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for multi cell communication using beamforming in wireless communication system |
US9736690B2 (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2017-08-15 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for multi cell communication using beamforming in wireless communication system |
US10237735B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2019-03-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for multi cell communication using beamforming in wireless communication system |
US11316254B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 | 2022-04-26 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Apparatus and method for multi cell communication using beamforming in wireless communication system |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150189519A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CN104823497B (en) | 2019-12-17 |
EP2880930A4 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2880930A1 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
US9386466B2 (en) | 2016-07-05 |
CN104823497A (en) | 2015-08-05 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US9386466B2 (en) | Mobile device, network node and methods of operating the same in a mobile communications network | |
KR101622792B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for handover in wireless communication system | |
US8953526B2 (en) | Node for use in a mobile communications network and a method of operating the same | |
JP4202317B2 (en) | Soft handover area detection method and apparatus for avoiding uplink interference | |
JP4199187B2 (en) | Soft handover area detection method and apparatus using inter-band measurement | |
US7853260B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for cell identification for uplink interference avoidance using inter-frequency measurements | |
US20040047312A1 (en) | Method and apparatus for UL interference avoidance by DL measurements and IFHO | |
US6615044B2 (en) | Method of WCDMA coverage based handover triggering | |
EP2880889B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for use in a mobile communication network | |
US20160308635A1 (en) | Interference control method for random access, device, and system | |
KR20130059395A (en) | Idle mode hybrid mobility procedures in a heterogeneous network | |
JP2005524358A (en) | Method and apparatus for selecting a downlink carrier in a cellular system using multiple downlink carriers | |
WO2013005016A1 (en) | Interference management for straddled carrier deployments | |
WO2012016680A9 (en) | Transmission power control in a multi-carrier wireless communication system | |
WO2013005015A1 (en) | Interference management for straddled carrier deployments | |
KR101003690B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for supporting idle handover from macro cell to femto cell | |
WO2013005014A1 (en) | Interference management for straddled carrier deployments |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 12882459 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14419294 Country of ref document: US |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 2012882459 Country of ref document: EP |