WO2014003662A1 - Drive system and method of driving a vehicle - Google Patents

Drive system and method of driving a vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014003662A1
WO2014003662A1 PCT/SE2013/050781 SE2013050781W WO2014003662A1 WO 2014003662 A1 WO2014003662 A1 WO 2014003662A1 SE 2013050781 W SE2013050781 W SE 2013050781W WO 2014003662 A1 WO2014003662 A1 WO 2014003662A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
drive system
electric machine
planetary gear
combustion engine
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2013/050781
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Nils-Gunnar VÅGSTEDT
Niklas Pettersson
Mikael Bergquist
Original Assignee
Scania Cv Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Scania Cv Ab filed Critical Scania Cv Ab
Priority to CN201380039824.3A priority Critical patent/CN104520125A/en
Priority to RU2015102444/11A priority patent/RU2604758C2/en
Priority to BR112014032553A priority patent/BR112014032553A2/en
Priority to KR20157001879A priority patent/KR20150024915A/en
Priority to EP13810282.7A priority patent/EP2867051A4/en
Priority to US14/411,140 priority patent/US20150197146A1/en
Priority to IN10777DEN2014 priority patent/IN2014DN10777A/en
Publication of WO2014003662A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014003662A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
    • H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
    • H02K7/116—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters with gears
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P15/00—Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric brakes or clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S903/00—Hybrid electric vehicles, HEVS
    • Y10S903/902—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors
    • Y10S903/903—Prime movers comprising electrical and internal combustion motors having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
    • Y10S903/93—Conjoint control of different elements

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of driving a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • a conventional clutch mechanism which disconnects the input shaft of the gear box from the combustion engine during gear changing processes in the gear box involves disadvantages.
  • the discs of the clutch mechanism slide against each other. Thereby heating of the discs is provided. This heating results in an increased fuel consumption and a wear of the clutch discs.
  • a conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and expensive. It occupies also a relatively large space in the vehicle. To use a hydraulic moment converter also results in losses.
  • Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primary motor which can be a combustion engine and a secondary motor which can be an electric machine.
  • the electric machine is equipped with at least one energy storage for storing electric energy and control equipment for controlling the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine.
  • the electric machine can thereby alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
  • the electric machine When the vehicle is braked, the electric machine generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage.
  • the stored electric energy is used later, for example, for driving the vehicle and operating different auxiliary systems in the vehicle.
  • the Swedish patent application SE 1051384-4 which has not been made public, shows a hybrid drive system with a planetary gear which comprises three components, namely a sun wheel, a planet wheel holder and a ring wheel.
  • One of the three components of the planetary gear is connected to an output shaft of the combustion engine, a second component of the planetary gear is connected to an input shaft to the gear box and a third component of the planetary gear is connected to a rotor of an electric machine.
  • the electric machine is connected to an energy storage such that it alternately can work as motor and generator.
  • the rotation speed of electric machines can be controlled in a stepless manner. By controlling the rotation speed of the electric machine, the input shaft to the gear box can be given a desired rotation speed.
  • no clutch mechanism needs to be used in the drive line of the vehicle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a drive system for a vehicle of the initially mentioned kind, where it essentially always is possible to start the vehicle.
  • the electric circuit comprises a variable resistor.
  • the electric resistance can be varied and thereby the braking moment with which the rotor is braked.
  • a control unit may with advantage control the variable resistor such that the vehicle obtains a desired speed increase during a starting process of the vehicle.
  • the starting process can be defined as the time it takes for the vehicle to obtain a speed such that a higher gear can be engaged in the gear box.
  • the starting process can be defined as a time period and can be in the order of 1 to 3 seconds or another suitable time period.
  • the drive system comprises a motor control function, wherein a control unit is adapted to control the combustion engine with the help of the motor control function at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle.
  • a control unit is adapted to control the combustion engine with the help of the motor control function at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle.
  • the rotor of the electric machine obtains a positive rotation speed. It is thereby no longer possible to use the electric circuit with the resistor for supplying a driving moment to the input shaft of the gear box.
  • the control unit can calculate the rotation speed with which the output shaft of the combustion engine is to rotate in order to create a momentless state in the gear box.
  • the control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the actual gear in the gear box is disengaged.
  • the control unit calculates, with knowledge of the speed of the vehicle and the new gear, the rotation speed of the combustion engine at which the new gear can be engaged.
  • the control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the new gear is engaged.
  • the drive system comprises an energy storage which is connectable to the electric machine such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle which is driven by a primary motor in the form of a combustion engine and a secondary motor in the form of said electric machine. Except for the energy storage, the vehicle comprises control equipment in order to control the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine.
  • the electric machine has thereby, in addition to the function to enable the control of the rotation speed of the input shaft of the gear box, also the ability to alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
  • a control unit is adapted to control the electric switch such that it connects the electric machine to the electric circuit and the resistor at operation occasions when the vehicle is started and the energy storage is out of operation.
  • the energy storage is used for braking the rotor such that a driving moment can be transferred from the combustion engine to the gear box at the start of the vehicle.
  • the braking energy which acts on the rotor is generated as electric energy in the energy storage. If the energy storage is estimated to be out of operation, the vehicle cannot start. In this case, the electric machine is connected to the electric circuit and the resistor. Thereby the vehicle can start and be driven to a service place or the like where it is possible to repair or exchange the energy storage.
  • control unit is adapted to receive information concerning a parameter in order to determine if the energy storage has an undesired function.
  • the control unit may, for example, receive information from an electric measurement instrument which measures a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is led between the regular energy storage and the electric machine.
  • the electric measurement instrument may measure a parameter which concerns the current and/or voltage of the electric energy. If the energy storage does substantially not deliver or receive electric energy during operation, it probably has an undesired function.
  • the drive system comprises an indication member which indicates when the energy storage has an undesired function.
  • the indication member can be a warning lamp or a sound alarm which is activated if the energy storage does not function. With the help of such an indication member, the driver becomes immediately informed that the energy storage does not function.
  • the control unit may be adapted to automatically set the electric switch in a position such that the extra battery is connected to the electric machine at occasions when the energy storage is estimated to be out of operation. Alternatively, the driver may manually set the electric switch with a button or the like when the indication member indicates that the energy storage has an undesired function.
  • the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel of the planetary gear
  • the input shaft of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel holder of the planetary gear
  • the rotor of the electric machine is connected to the ring wheel of the planetary gear.
  • the sun wheel and the planet wheel holder may be connected to the output shaft of the combustion engine and the input shaft of the gear box, respectively, with the help of spline joints or the like. It is thereby guaranteed that the sun wheel rotates with the same rotation speed as the output shaft of the combustion engine and that the planet wheel holder rotates with the same rotation speed as the input shaft of the gear box.
  • the rotor of the electric machine may be fixedly arranged on an external peripheral surface of the ring wheel.
  • the internal peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally provided with cogs.
  • the external peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally smooth and very well suited for carrying the rotor of the electric machine.
  • the ring wheel and the rotor of the electric machine thereby form a rotatable unit.
  • the rotor of the electric machine may be connected to the ring wheel via a
  • Fig. 1 shows a drive line of a vehicle with a drive system according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the drive system in more detail
  • Fig. 3 shows how the rotation speed of the different components in the planetary gear may vary at a starting process of the vehicle
  • Fig. 4 shows how the moment of the different components in the planetary gear may vary at a starting process of the vehicle
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the drive system.
  • Fig 1 shows a drive line for a heavy vehicle 1.
  • the drive line comprises a combustion engine 2, a gear box 3, a number of drive shafts 4 and drive wheels 5.
  • An intermediate part 6 is arranged between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3.
  • the intermediate part 6 is shown in more detail in Fig. 2.
  • the intermediate part 6 comprises an output shaft 2a of the combustion engine 2 and an input shaft 3a of the gear box 3.
  • the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are rotatably arranged around a common axis of rotation 7.
  • the intermediate part 6 comprises a housing 8 which encloses an electric machine 9 and a planetary gear.
  • the electric machine 9 comprises in a customary manner a stator 9a and a rotor 9b.
  • the stator 9a comprises a stator core which is attached in a suitable manner on the inside of the housing 8.
  • the stator core comprises the windings of the stator.
  • the electric machine 9 is adapted to during certain operation occasions use stored electric energy for supplying drive power to the input shaft 3a of the gear box and to during other operation occasions use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gear box for extracting and storing electric energy.
  • the planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a and rotor 9b of the electric machine.
  • the planetary gear comprises in a conventional manner a sun wheel 10, a ring wheel 1 1 and a planet wheel holder 12.
  • the planet wheel holder 12 carries a number of cog wheels 13 which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the cogs of the sun wheel 10 and the ring wheel 1 1.
  • the sun wheel 10 is attached on a peripheral surface of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine.
  • the sun wheel 10 and the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine rotate as a unit with a first rotation speed ni .
  • the planet wheel holder 12 comprises an attachment portion 12a which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gear box with the help of a spline joint 14. With the help of this joint, the planet wheel holder 12 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box can rotate as a unit with a second rotation speed
  • the ring wheel 1 1 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted.
  • the rotor 9b and the ring wheel 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit which rotates with a third rotation speed 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the vehicle comprises a locking mechanism which is movable between a first open position in which the three components 10-12 of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate with different rotation speeds and a second locked position in which it locks together two of the components 10, 12 of the planetary gear such that the three components 10-12 of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • the locking mechanism comprises a displaceable coupling member 15.
  • the coupling member 15 is attached on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine with the help of a spline joint 16.
  • the coupling member 15 is in this case arranged, secured against turning, on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and displaceably arranged in an axial direction on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine.
  • the coupling member 1 5 comprises a coupling portion 1 5a which is connectable to a coupling portion 12b of the planet wheel holder 12.
  • the locking mechanism comprises a schematically shown displacement member 17 is adapted to displace the coupling member 15 between the first free position Ii when the coupling portions 15a, 12b are not in engagement with each other and the second locked position h when the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other.
  • the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box can rotate with different rotation speeds.
  • the coupling portions 15a, 12b When the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box will rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • An electric control unit 18 is adapted to control the displacement member 17.
  • the control unit 18 is also adapted to decide at which occasions the electric machine is to work as motor and at which occasions it is to work as generator. In order to decide this, the control unit 18 can receive actual information from suitable operation parameters.
  • the control unit 18 can be a computer with a suitable software for this purpose.
  • the control unit 18 can of course constitute one or more separate control units.
  • the control unit 18 also controls a schematically shown control equipment 19 which controls the flow of electric energy between an energy storage 20 and the stator 9a of the electric machine. At occasions when the electric machine 9 works as motor, stored electric energy from the energy storage 20 is supplied to the stator 9a. At occasions when the electric machine works as generator, electric energy from the stator 9a is supplied to the energy storage 20.
  • the energy storage 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage which is in the order of 200-800 Volt. Since the intermediate part 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3 in a vehicle is limited, it is required that the electric machine and the planetary gear constitute a compact unit.
  • the components 10-12 of the planetary gear are here arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a of the electric machine.
  • the rotor 9b of the electric machine, the ring wheel 1 1 of the planetary gear, the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are here rotatably arranged around a common axis of rotation 5. With such a design, the electric machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small space.
  • the vehicle comprises an electric circuit 21 with a variable resistor 22.
  • the electric circuit 21 is connectable to the stator During the operation of the electric machine 9, the control unit 18 receives information from an electric meter 24 which senses a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is transported to and from the energy storage 20. If the measured electric energy is below an expected value, the energy storage 20 does probably not function in the intended manner. If substantially no electric energy is transported to and from the energy storage 20 during the operation of the vehicle, it is estimated to be out of operation. If the control unit 1 8 estimates that the energy storage 20 is out of operation, it activates an indication member 25 in the driver ' s cab.
  • the indication member 25 may be a flashing lamp or a sound alarm of the like. The task of the indication member 25 is to make the driver aware of the fact that the energy storage 20 is out of operation.
  • the control unit 18 may now automatically switch the electric switch 23 in a position such that the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 is connected to the electric machine 9.
  • the driver may manually with a button or the like activate the connection between the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 and the electric machine 9.
  • the vehicle 1 is equipped with a motor control function 26 with which the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 can be controlled.
  • the control unit 18 thereby has the possibility to activate the motor control function 26 when gears are engaged and disengaged in the gear box 3 in order to create a momentless state in the gear box 3.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 show an example of how the rotation speed n and the moment T may vary with time t for the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine, the rotor 9b of the electric machine and the input shaft 3 a of the gear box during a starting process of the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 is out of operation.
  • Rotation speed and moment Ti of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine are shown with dashed lines
  • rotation speed n 2 and moment T2 of the input shaft 3 of the gear box are shown with continuous lines
  • rotation speed m and moment T3 of the electric machine 9 are shown with dotted lines.
  • the control unit 18 sets the electric switch 23 in the position in which the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 is connected to the electric machine 9.
  • the control unit 1 8 thereafter controls the variable resistor such that the electric machine 9 provides a braking moment T3 which in this case is 300 Nm. Since the ring wheel 1 1 rotates in the opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel 10, this braking moment T 3 is supplied to the input shaft 3 a of the gear box.
  • the input shaft of the gear box here obtains a driving moment which is the sum of the moment Ti of the output shaft of the combustion engine and the braking moment T3 of the ring wheel.
  • the driving moment T 2 gets the input shaft 3a of the gear box going such that it starts to rotate, i.e. n 2 becomes larger than zero. Thereby the opposite rotation speed n 3 of the ring wheel is simultaneously reduced.
  • the rotation speed of the combustion engine is increased. Thereby it is ensured that the ring wheel 1 1 can rotate with an opposite rotation speed 3 ⁇ 4 of a suitable magnitude such that it also thereafter can put a load on the combustion engine 2 and ensure that the input shaft 3 a of the gear box obtains an increasing rotation speed n 2 and the vehicle 1 a successively increasing speed until the time B.
  • the speed of the vehicle increases linearly up to the time B.
  • the moments Ti, T 2 , T3 present constant values during the whole starting process up to the time B.
  • the combustion engine 2 is braked with an exhaust brake, a controllable turbo or is retarded in another manner such that the rotation speed ni is reduced.
  • the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the input shaft 3a of the gear box maintains a constant rotation speed n 2 .
  • the control unit 18 disconnects the electric machine 9 from the electric circuit 22 with the resistor 21.
  • the vehicle 1 is now driven with a constant speed.
  • the rotation speed n 3 of the electric machine 9 increases.
  • the rotation speed n 3 of the rotor changes from being a negative rotation speed to a positive rotation speed.
  • all components in the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed.
  • the control unit 1 8 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 1 5a, 12b get into engagement with each other.
  • the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box are now locked in relation to each other and will thereby rotate with the same rotation speed. After that the components included in the planetary gear have been locked, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle 1.
  • the electric machine 9 rotates with the same rotation speed t ⁇ i as the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box.
  • the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 to a disengaged position.
  • the connection between the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box ceases.
  • the control unit 18 calculates the rotation speed m which the input shaft 2a of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order to achieve a momentless state in the gear box 3.
  • the control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m , after which the gear is disengaged. After that the gear has been disengaged, a new gear is to be engaged.
  • the control unit 18 calculates here the rotation speed ni which the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order for it to rotate with the same rotation speed as the input shaft 3a of the gear box.
  • the control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m , after which the new gear is engaged.
  • the control unit 18 thereafter activates the motor control function 26 again in order to control the rotation speed ni such that all the components in the planetary gear obtain the same rotation speed m , n 2 , .
  • the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15 a, 12b get into engagement with each other. After locking the planetary gear, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle.
  • an electric circuit 21 with a variable resistor 22 is used instead of the energy storage 20 and an electric machine in order to brake the rotor 9b during a starting process of the vehicle 1.
  • the vehicle 1 can thereby be started even if the energy storage is out of operation and can be driven to a service place or the like where the energy storage 20 can be exchanged or repaired.
  • Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the drive system. In this case, the vehicle does not comprise any energy storage. Except for that, the drive system comprises the same components as in the embodiment in Fig. 2.
  • the planetary gear, the electric machine and the electric circuit 22 with the resistor 21 here replace a conventional clutch mechanism.
  • the vehicle 1 is always started with the help of the electric circuit 22 and the resistor 21 , after which the motor control function 26 is used when gears are shifted in the vehicle.
  • gear shifting can be performed in the following manner. Since the resistor 21 only works as a load, the possibility to change direction of the moment of the electric machine is lost when no energy storage is used. It can be remedied by giving the combustion engine a higher initial rotation speed before a gear shifting process is performed. The rotary speed is then successively reduced in a downward direction towards the idle speed when it is loaded by the electric machine by means of the resistor 20. During the way down to the idle speed, a synchronous rotation speed is obtained between the combustion engine and the input shaft of the gear box. When this occurs, the gear is pushed in whereupon the rotation speed of the engine in increased such as during a normal acceleration of the vehicle.
  • a transmission with a gear ratio can also be arranged between the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1.
  • the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 need thus not rotate with the same rotation speed.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a drive system and a method of driving a vehicle (1). The drive system comprises a combustion engine (2) with an output shaft (2a) which is connected to a first component (10) of a planetary gear, a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a) which is connected to a second component (12) of the planetary gear and an electric machine is connected to a third component (11) of the planetary gear. The drive system comprises an electric circuit (21) with a resistor (22) and an electric switch (23) with which the electric machine (9) is connectable to the electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) during at least a starting process of the vehicle (1).

Description

Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART The present invention concerns a drive system according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of driving a vehicle according to the preamble of claim 11.
To use a conventional clutch mechanism which disconnects the input shaft of the gear box from the combustion engine during gear changing processes in the gear box involves disadvantages. When a stationary vehicle starts, the discs of the clutch mechanism slide against each other. Thereby heating of the discs is provided. This heating results in an increased fuel consumption and a wear of the clutch discs. A conventional clutch mechanism is also relatively heavy and expensive. It occupies also a relatively large space in the vehicle. To use a hydraulic moment converter also results in losses.
Hybrid vehicles can be driven by a primary motor which can be a combustion engine and a secondary motor which can be an electric machine. The electric machine is equipped with at least one energy storage for storing electric energy and control equipment for controlling the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine. The electric machine can thereby alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle. When the vehicle is braked, the electric machine generates electric energy which is stored in the energy storage. The stored electric energy is used later, for example, for driving the vehicle and operating different auxiliary systems in the vehicle.
The Swedish patent application SE 1051384-4, which has not been made public, shows a hybrid drive system with a planetary gear which comprises three components, namely a sun wheel, a planet wheel holder and a ring wheel. One of the three components of the planetary gear is connected to an output shaft of the combustion engine, a second component of the planetary gear is connected to an input shaft to the gear box and a third component of the planetary gear is connected to a rotor of an electric machine. The electric machine is connected to an energy storage such that it alternately can work as motor and generator. The rotation speed of electric machines can be controlled in a stepless manner. By controlling the rotation speed of the electric machine, the input shaft to the gear box can be given a desired rotation speed. With a hybrid system according to SE 105 1384-4 no clutch mechanism needs to be used in the drive line of the vehicle.
With a hybrid system according to SE 105 1384-4 no clutch mechanism needs to be used in the drive line of the vehicle. The hybrid drive system is however dependent on that the hybrid battery functions in order to make it possible to start the vehicle.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to provide a drive system for a vehicle of the initially mentioned kind, where it essentially always is possible to start the vehicle.
This object is achieved with a drive system of the initially mentioned kind, which is characterized by the features which are specified in the characterizing portion of claim 1. When the combustion engine is starting, a first of the components of the planetary gear rotates with the idle running rotation speed of the combustion engine. The second of the components of the planetary gear which is connected to the gear box is at rest as long as the vehicle is stationary. The third of the components of the planetary gear which is connected to the rotor of the electric machine rotates backwards with a negative rotation speed. In order for a driving moment to be transferred from the combustion engine to the gear box, it is required that the rotor of the electric machine provides a braking moment. According to the invention, the electric machine is connected to an electric circuit with a resistor. Thereby a resistance is created which brakes the rotor and the third component of the planetary gear. Because of this, a driving moment can be transferred to the gear box which results in that the vehicle starts. Such an electric circuit with a resistor constitute simple components which to a relatively low cost can be applied in the vehicle.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the electric circuit comprises a variable resistor. With such a component, the electric resistance can be varied and thereby the braking moment with which the rotor is braked. A control unit may with advantage control the variable resistor such that the vehicle obtains a desired speed increase during a starting process of the vehicle. The starting process can be defined as the time it takes for the vehicle to obtain a speed such that a higher gear can be engaged in the gear box. Alternatively, the starting process can be defined as a time period and can be in the order of 1 to 3 seconds or another suitable time period. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drive system comprises a motor control function, wherein a control unit is adapted to control the combustion engine with the help of the motor control function at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle. After that the starting process has ended, the rotor of the electric machine obtains a positive rotation speed. It is thereby no longer possible to use the electric circuit with the resistor for supplying a driving moment to the input shaft of the gear box. With information about the speed of the vehicle and the actual gear in the gear box, the control unit can calculate the rotation speed with which the output shaft of the combustion engine is to rotate in order to create a momentless state in the gear box. The control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the actual gear in the gear box is disengaged. When a new gear is to be engaged in the gear box, the control unit calculates, with knowledge of the speed of the vehicle and the new gear, the rotation speed of the combustion engine at which the new gear can be engaged. The control unit thereafter controls the motor control function such that the combustion engine obtains the calculated rotation speed, after which the new gear is engaged. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the drive system comprises an energy storage which is connectable to the electric machine such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle. In this case, the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle which is driven by a primary motor in the form of a combustion engine and a secondary motor in the form of said electric machine. Except for the energy storage, the vehicle comprises control equipment in order to control the flow of electric energy between the energy storage and the electric machine. The electric machine has thereby, in addition to the function to enable the control of the rotation speed of the input shaft of the gear box, also the ability to alternately work as motor and generator in dependence on the operation state of the vehicle.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, a control unit is adapted to control the electric switch such that it connects the electric machine to the electric circuit and the resistor at operation occasions when the vehicle is started and the energy storage is out of operation. If the vehicle is a hybrid vehicle, the energy storage is used for braking the rotor such that a driving moment can be transferred from the combustion engine to the gear box at the start of the vehicle. The braking energy which acts on the rotor is generated as electric energy in the energy storage. If the energy storage is estimated to be out of operation, the vehicle cannot start. In this case, the electric machine is connected to the electric circuit and the resistor. Thereby the vehicle can start and be driven to a service place or the like where it is possible to repair or exchange the energy storage.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the control unit is adapted to receive information concerning a parameter in order to determine if the energy storage has an undesired function. The control unit may, for example, receive information from an electric measurement instrument which measures a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is led between the regular energy storage and the electric machine. The electric measurement instrument may measure a parameter which concerns the current and/or voltage of the electric energy. If the energy storage does substantially not deliver or receive electric energy during operation, it probably has an undesired function.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the drive system comprises an indication member which indicates when the energy storage has an undesired function. The indication member can be a warning lamp or a sound alarm which is activated if the energy storage does not function. With the help of such an indication member, the driver becomes immediately informed that the energy storage does not function. The control unit may be adapted to automatically set the electric switch in a position such that the extra battery is connected to the electric machine at occasions when the energy storage is estimated to be out of operation. Alternatively, the driver may manually set the electric switch with a button or the like when the indication member indicates that the energy storage has an undesired function.
According to another preferred embodiment of the invention, the output shaft of the combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel of the planetary gear, the input shaft of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel holder of the planetary gear and the rotor of the electric machine is connected to the ring wheel of the planetary gear. With such a design, the included components may be given a compact construction. The sun wheel and the planet wheel holder may be connected to the output shaft of the combustion engine and the input shaft of the gear box, respectively, with the help of spline joints or the like. It is thereby guaranteed that the sun wheel rotates with the same rotation speed as the output shaft of the combustion engine and that the planet wheel holder rotates with the same rotation speed as the input shaft of the gear box. The rotor of the electric machine may be fixedly arranged on an external peripheral surface of the ring wheel. The internal peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally provided with cogs. The external peripheral surface of the ring wheel is normally smooth and very well suited for carrying the rotor of the electric machine. The ring wheel and the rotor of the electric machine thereby form a rotatable unit. Alternatively, the rotor of the electric machine may be connected to the ring wheel via a
transmission. It is however possible to connect the output shaft of the combustion engine, the input shaft of the gear box and the rotor of the electric machine with any of the other components of the planetary gear.
The initially mentioned object is achieved also by the method according to claims 1 1 - 20.
SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
In the following preferred embodiments of the invention are described, as examples, with reference to the annexed drawings, on which:
Fig. 1 shows a drive line of a vehicle with a drive system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 shows the drive system in more detail,
Fig. 3 shows how the rotation speed of the different components in the planetary gear may vary at a starting process of the vehicle,
Fig. 4 shows how the moment of the different components in the planetary gear may vary at a starting process of the vehicle and
Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the drive system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
Fig 1 shows a drive line for a heavy vehicle 1. The drive line comprises a combustion engine 2, a gear box 3, a number of drive shafts 4 and drive wheels 5. An intermediate part 6 is arranged between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3. The intermediate part 6 is shown in more detail in Fig. 2. The intermediate part 6 comprises an output shaft 2a of the combustion engine 2 and an input shaft 3a of the gear box 3. The output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are rotatably arranged around a common axis of rotation 7. The intermediate part 6 comprises a housing 8 which encloses an electric machine 9 and a planetary gear. The electric machine 9 comprises in a customary manner a stator 9a and a rotor 9b. The stator 9a comprises a stator core which is attached in a suitable manner on the inside of the housing 8. The stator core comprises the windings of the stator. The electric machine 9 is adapted to during certain operation occasions use stored electric energy for supplying drive power to the input shaft 3a of the gear box and to during other operation occasions use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gear box for extracting and storing electric energy.
The planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a and rotor 9b of the electric machine. The planetary gear comprises in a conventional manner a sun wheel 10, a ring wheel 1 1 and a planet wheel holder 12. The planet wheel holder 12 carries a number of cog wheels 13 which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the cogs of the sun wheel 10 and the ring wheel 1 1. The sun wheel 10 is attached on a peripheral surface of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine. The sun wheel 10 and the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine rotate as a unit with a first rotation speed ni . The planet wheel holder 12 comprises an attachment portion 12a which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gear box with the help of a spline joint 14. With the help of this joint, the planet wheel holder 12 and the input shaft 3a of the gear box can rotate as a unit with a second rotation speed The ring wheel 1 1 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted. The rotor 9b and the ring wheel 1 1 constitute a rotatable unit which rotates with a third rotation speed ¾.
The vehicle comprises a locking mechanism which is movable between a first open position in which the three components 10-12 of the planetary gear are allowed to rotate with different rotation speeds and a second locked position in which it locks together two of the components 10, 12 of the planetary gear such that the three components 10-12 of the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed. In this embodiment, the locking mechanism comprises a displaceable coupling member 15. The coupling member 15 is attached on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine with the help of a spline joint 16. The coupling member 15 is in this case arranged, secured against turning, on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and displaceably arranged in an axial direction on the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine. The coupling member 1 5 comprises a coupling portion 1 5a which is connectable to a coupling portion 12b of the planet wheel holder 12. The locking mechanism comprises a schematically shown displacement member 17 is adapted to displace the coupling member 15 between the first free position Ii when the coupling portions 15a, 12b are not in engagement with each other and the second locked position h when the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other. In the first open position, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box can rotate with different rotation speeds. When the coupling portions 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other, the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box will rotate with the same rotation speed.
An electric control unit 18 is adapted to control the displacement member 17. The control unit 18 is also adapted to decide at which occasions the electric machine is to work as motor and at which occasions it is to work as generator. In order to decide this, the control unit 18 can receive actual information from suitable operation parameters. The control unit 18 can be a computer with a suitable software for this purpose. The control unit 18 can of course constitute one or more separate control units. The control unit 18 also controls a schematically shown control equipment 19 which controls the flow of electric energy between an energy storage 20 and the stator 9a of the electric machine. At occasions when the electric machine 9 works as motor, stored electric energy from the energy storage 20 is supplied to the stator 9a. At occasions when the electric machine works as generator, electric energy from the stator 9a is supplied to the energy storage 20. The energy storage 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage which is in the order of 200-800 Volt. Since the intermediate part 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gear box 3 in a vehicle is limited, it is required that the electric machine and the planetary gear constitute a compact unit. The components 10-12 of the planetary gear are here arranged substantially radially inside of the stator 9a of the electric machine. The rotor 9b of the electric machine, the ring wheel 1 1 of the planetary gear, the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3a of the gear box are here rotatably arranged around a common axis of rotation 5. With such a design, the electric machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small space. The vehicle comprises an electric circuit 21 with a variable resistor 22. The electric circuit 21 is connectable to the stator During the operation of the electric machine 9, the control unit 18 receives information from an electric meter 24 which senses a parameter which is related to the electric energy which is transported to and from the energy storage 20. If the measured electric energy is below an expected value, the energy storage 20 does probably not function in the intended manner. If substantially no electric energy is transported to and from the energy storage 20 during the operation of the vehicle, it is estimated to be out of operation. If the control unit 1 8 estimates that the energy storage 20 is out of operation, it activates an indication member 25 in the driver's cab. The indication member 25 may be a flashing lamp or a sound alarm of the like. The task of the indication member 25 is to make the driver aware of the fact that the energy storage 20 is out of operation. If the vehicle 1 is stationary, the control unit 18 may now automatically switch the electric switch 23 in a position such that the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 is connected to the electric machine 9. Alternatively, the driver may manually with a button or the like activate the connection between the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 and the electric machine 9. The vehicle 1 is equipped with a motor control function 26 with which the rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 can be controlled. The control unit 18 thereby has the possibility to activate the motor control function 26 when gears are engaged and disengaged in the gear box 3 in order to create a momentless state in the gear box 3.
Fig. 3 and 4 show an example of how the rotation speed n and the moment T may vary with time t for the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine, the rotor 9b of the electric machine and the input shaft 3 a of the gear box during a starting process of the vehicle 1 when the energy storage 20 is out of operation. Rotation speed and moment Ti of the output shaft 2a of the combustion engine are shown with dashed lines, rotation speed n2 and moment T2 of the input shaft 3 of the gear box are shown with continuous lines and rotation speed m and moment T3 of the electric machine 9 are shown with dotted lines. The relationship between the number of cogs zi of the sun wheel 9 and the number of cogs Z2 of the ring wheel 10 is in this example zi/z2 = 0.7.
If the energy storage 20 is estimated to be out of operation, the control unit 18 sets the electric switch 23 in the position in which the electric circuit 21 with the variable resistor 22 is connected to the electric machine 9. The combustion engine 2 starts at the time t = 0. The combustion engine 2 runs initially idle with the rotation speed ni = 500 rpm and the torque Tj = 200 Nm. The input shaft 3a of the gear box is at rest and has thus initially the rotation speed n2 = 0 rpm. Since all the components in the planetary gear are connected to each other with a predetermined transmission ratio, the ring wheel 1 1 obtains an initial rotation speed 113 which is determined by the two other rotation speeds m , n2. With the above transmission ratio zi/z2 = 0.7, the ring wheel obtains the rotation speed m = -350 rpm. The ring wheel 1 1 will here rotate in an opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel 10.
The control unit 1 8 thereafter controls the variable resistor such that the electric machine 9 provides a braking moment T3 which in this case is 300 Nm. Since the ring wheel 1 1 rotates in the opposite direction in relation to the sun wheel 10, this braking moment T3 is supplied to the input shaft 3 a of the gear box. The input shaft of the gear box here obtains a driving moment which is the sum of the moment Ti of the output shaft of the combustion engine and the braking moment T3 of the ring wheel. The input shaft 3a of the gear box here obtains the driving moment T2 = 500 Nm. The driving moment T2 gets the input shaft 3a of the gear box going such that it starts to rotate, i.e. n2 becomes larger than zero. Thereby the opposite rotation speed n3 of the ring wheel is simultaneously reduced.
At the time A, the rotation speed of the combustion engine is increased. Thereby it is ensured that the ring wheel 1 1 can rotate with an opposite rotation speed ¾ of a suitable magnitude such that it also thereafter can put a load on the combustion engine 2 and ensure that the input shaft 3 a of the gear box obtains an increasing rotation speed n2 and the vehicle 1 a successively increasing speed until the time B. The speed of the vehicle increases linearly up to the time B. The moments Ti, T2, T3 present constant values during the whole starting process up to the time B. At the time B, the combustion engine 2 is braked with an exhaust brake, a controllable turbo or is retarded in another manner such that the rotation speed ni is reduced. The rotation speed ni of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the input shaft 3a of the gear box maintains a constant rotation speed n2. The control unit 18 disconnects the electric machine 9 from the electric circuit 22 with the resistor 21. The vehicle 1 is now driven with a constant speed. When the rotation speed m of the combustion engine 2 sinks at the same time as the rotation speed n2 of the gear box is constant, the rotation speed n3 of the electric machine 9 increases. The rotation speed n3 of the rotor changes from being a negative rotation speed to a positive rotation speed. At the time C all components in the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed. The control unit 1 8 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 1 5a, 12b get into engagement with each other. The output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box are now locked in relation to each other and will thereby rotate with the same rotation speed. After that the components included in the planetary gear have been locked, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle 1. The electric machine 9 rotates with the same rotation speed t\i as the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box.
At the continued journey, a higher gear needs to be engaged in the gear box 3. The control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 to a disengaged position. The connection between the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine and the input shaft 3 of the gear box ceases. The control unit 18 calculates the rotation speed m which the input shaft 2a of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order to achieve a momentless state in the gear box 3. The control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m , after which the gear is disengaged. After that the gear has been disengaged, a new gear is to be engaged. The control unit 18 calculates here the rotation speed ni which the output shaft 2 of the combustion engine needs to be driven with in order for it to rotate with the same rotation speed as the input shaft 3a of the gear box. The control unit 18 activates the motor control function 26 which gives the combustion engine 2 the calculated rotation speed m , after which the new gear is engaged. The control unit 18 thereafter activates the motor control function 26 again in order to control the rotation speed ni such that all the components in the planetary gear obtain the same rotation speed m , n2, . When all the components in the planetary gear rotate with the same rotation speed, the control unit 18 activates the displacement member 17 which displaces the coupling member 15 such that the coupling portions 15 a, 12b get into engagement with each other. After locking the planetary gear, only the combustion engine 2 is responsible for driving the vehicle.
In this case an electric circuit 21 with a variable resistor 22 is used instead of the energy storage 20 and an electric machine in order to brake the rotor 9b during a starting process of the vehicle 1. The vehicle 1 can thereby be started even if the energy storage is out of operation and can be driven to a service place or the like where the energy storage 20 can be exchanged or repaired. Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the drive system. In this case, the vehicle does not comprise any energy storage. Except for that, the drive system comprises the same components as in the embodiment in Fig. 2. The planetary gear, the electric machine and the electric circuit 22 with the resistor 21 here replace a conventional clutch mechanism. In this case, the vehicle 1 is always started with the help of the electric circuit 22 and the resistor 21 , after which the motor control function 26 is used when gears are shifted in the vehicle. Alternatively, gear shifting can be performed in the following manner. Since the resistor 21 only works as a load, the possibility to change direction of the moment of the electric machine is lost when no energy storage is used. It can be remedied by giving the combustion engine a higher initial rotation speed before a gear shifting process is performed. The rotary speed is then successively reduced in a downward direction towards the idle speed when it is loaded by the electric machine by means of the resistor 20. During the way down to the idle speed, a synchronous rotation speed is obtained between the combustion engine and the input shaft of the gear box. When this occurs, the gear is pushed in whereupon the rotation speed of the engine in increased such as during a normal acceleration of the vehicle.
The invention is in no way limited to the embodiment described on the drawings but can be varied freely within the scope of the claims. A transmission with a gear ratio can also be arranged between the rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1. The rotor 9 and the ring wheel 1 1 need thus not rotate with the same rotation speed.

Claims

Claims
1 . Drive system for a vehicle ( 1 ), wherein the drive system comprises a combustion engine (2) with an output shaft (2a), a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a), an electric machine (9) which comprises a stator (9a) and a rotor (9b), and a planetary gear which comprises a sun wheel ( 10), a ring wheel ( 1 1) and a planet wheel holder (12), wherein the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft (2a) leads to a rotation of this component, wherein the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to a second of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft leads to a rotation of this component and the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to a third of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of the rotor (9b) leads to a rotation of this component, characterized in that the drive system comprises an electric circuit (21 ) with a resistor (22) and an electric switch (23) with which the electric machine (9) is connectable to the electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) during at least a starting process of the vehicle ( 1 ).
2. Drive system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric circuit (21) comprises a variable resistor (22).
3. Drive system according to claim 2, characterized in that the control unit (18) is adapted to control the variable resistor (22) such that the vehicle provides a desired speed increase during a starting process of the vehicle (1).
4. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive system comprises a motor control function (26) and a control unit (18) which is adapted to control the combustion engine (1) with the help of the motor control function (26) at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle (1).
5. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive system comprises a hybrid energy storage (20) which is connectable to the electric machine (9) such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle ( 1).
6. Drive system according to claim 5, characterized in that the drive system comprises a control unit ( 18) which is adapted to control the electric switch (23) such that it connects the electric machine (9) to the electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) during a starting process of the vehicle ( 1) and when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
7. Drive system according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the drive system comprises a control unit ( 18) which is adapted to receive information concerning a parameter in order to estimate if the hybrid energy storage (20) has an undesired function.
8. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive system comprises an indication member (25) which indicates when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
9. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive system comprises a control unit ( 18) which is adapted to automatically set the electric switch (23) in a position such that the electric machine (9) is connected to said electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) at occasions when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
10. Drive system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to the sun wheel (10) of the planetary gear, that the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to the planet wheel holder (12) of the planetary gear and that the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to the ring wheel (1 1 ) of the planetary gear.
1 1 . Method of driving a vehicle ( 1 ), wherein the vehicle ( 1 ) comprises a combustion engine (2) with an output shaft (2a), a gear box (3) with an input shaft (3a), an electric machine (9) which comprises a stator (9a) and a rotor (9b), and a planetary gear which comprises a sun wheel (10). a ring wheel ( 1 1 ) and a planet wheel holder (12), wherein the output shaft (2a) of the combustion engine is connected to a first of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft (2a) leads to a rotation of this component, wherein the input shaft (3a) of the gear box is connected to a second of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of this shaft leads to a rotation of this component and the rotor (9b) of the electric machine is connected to a third of said components of the planetary gear such that a rotation of the rotor (9b) leads to a rotation of this component, characterized by the steps to connect the electric machine (9) to an electric circuit (21) which comprises a resistor (22) during at least a starting process of the vehicle ( 1).
12. Method according to claim 1 1, characterized by the step to connect the electric machine (9) to an electric circuit (21) which comprises a variable resistor (22).
13. Method according to claim 12, characterized by the step to control the variable resistor (22) such that it provides a resistance which gives the vehicle a desired speed increase during a starting process of the vehicle (1).
14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized by the step to control the rotation speed of the combustion engine (1) at operation occasions when gears are shifted in the vehicle (1 ).
15. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1 1-14, characterized by the step to connect the electric machine to a hybrid energy storage (20) such that it is possible to store and consume, respectively, electric energy at different operation conditions of the vehicle ( 1).
16. Method according to claim 15, characterized by the step to connect the electric machine (9) to the electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) during a starting process of the vehicle (1) and when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
17. Method according to any of the preceding claims 15-16, characterized by the steps to receive information concerning a parameter in order to determine if the hybrid energy storage (20) has an undesired function.
18. Method according to any of the preceding claims 15- 17, characterized by the step to indicate to a driver of the vehicle ( 1 ) when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
19. Method according to any of the preceding claims 15-17, characterized by the step to automatically connect the electric machine (9) to said electric circuit (21) and the resistor (22) at occasions when the hybrid energy storage (20) is estimated to have an undesired function.
20. Method according to any of the preceding claims 1 1-19, characterized by the steps to connect the output shaft (2) of the combustion engine to the sun wheel (9) of the planetary gear, to connect the input shaft (3) of the gear box to the planet wheel holder (1 1) of the planetary gear and to connect the rotor (8) of the electric machine to the ring wheel ( 10) of the planetary gear.
21 . Computer program comprising computer program code for making a computer implement a method according to any of the claims 1 1-20 when the computer program code is executed in the computer.
22. Computer program product comprising a data storage medium which is readable by a computer, wherein the computer program code of a computer program according to claim 21 is stored on the data storage medium.
23. Vehicle comprising a drive system according to any of the claims 1-10.
PCT/SE2013/050781 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle WO2014003662A1 (en)

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CN201380039824.3A CN104520125A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
RU2015102444/11A RU2604758C2 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of vehicle driving
BR112014032553A BR112014032553A2 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 drive system and method of driving a vehicle
KR20157001879A KR20150024915A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
EP13810282.7A EP2867051A4 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
US14/411,140 US20150197146A1 (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26 Drive system and method of driving a vehicle
IN10777DEN2014 IN2014DN10777A (en) 2012-06-27 2013-06-26

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SE1250705-9 2012-06-27
SE1250705A SE536519C2 (en) 2012-06-27 2012-06-27 Drive system and procedure for operating a vehicle

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IN (1) IN2014DN10777A (en)
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SE539028C2 (en) 2014-03-20 2017-03-21 Scania Cv Ab Procedure for driving a vehicle with a hybrid drivetrain, vehicles with such a hybrid drivetrain, computer programs for controlling a vehicle's driving, and a computer software product comprising program code
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RU2604758C2 (en) 2016-12-10
SE1250705A1 (en) 2013-12-28
KR20150024915A (en) 2015-03-09
US20150197146A1 (en) 2015-07-16
SE536519C2 (en) 2014-01-28
IN2014DN10777A (en) 2015-09-04
EP2867051A1 (en) 2015-05-06
RU2015102444A (en) 2016-08-20
CN104520125A (en) 2015-04-15
BR112014032553A2 (en) 2017-06-27
EP2867051A4 (en) 2016-06-01

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