WO2013177126A2 - Ensemble électrode - Google Patents

Ensemble électrode Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013177126A2
WO2013177126A2 PCT/US2013/041968 US2013041968W WO2013177126A2 WO 2013177126 A2 WO2013177126 A2 WO 2013177126A2 US 2013041968 W US2013041968 W US 2013041968W WO 2013177126 A2 WO2013177126 A2 WO 2013177126A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
subject
electrode assembly
assembly array
array according
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2013/041968
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013177126A3 (fr
Inventor
James Peter AVERY
David Simon Holder
Benjamin Mark HANSON
Original Assignee
General Electric Company
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Company filed Critical General Electric Company
Publication of WO2013177126A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013177126A2/fr
Publication of WO2013177126A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013177126A3/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/05—Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves 
    • A61B5/053—Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
    • A61B5/0536—Impedance imaging, e.g. by tomography
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6802—Sensor mounted on worn items
    • A61B5/6803—Head-worn items, e.g. helmets, masks, headphones or goggles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6814—Head
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6846—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be brought in contact with an internal body part, i.e. invasive
    • A61B5/6885—Monitoring or controlling sensor contact pressure
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/02—Details of sensors specially adapted for in-vivo measurements
    • A61B2562/0209—Special features of electrodes classified in A61B5/24, A61B5/25, A61B5/283, A61B5/291, A61B5/296, A61B5/053
    • A61B2562/0217—Electrolyte containing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
    • A61B2562/04—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type
    • A61B2562/046—Arrangements of multiple sensors of the same type in a matrix array
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/06—Devices, other than using radiation, for detecting or locating foreign bodies ; determining position of probes within or on the body of the patient
    • A61B5/065—Determining position of the probe employing exclusively positioning means located on or in the probe, e.g. using position sensors arranged on the probe

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an electrode assembly array that is suitable for use in Electrical I mpedance Tomography (EIT). I n particular, it relates to an electrode assembly array helmet. It also relates to an electrode assembly which forms part of the electrode assembly array. Further, it relates to an Electrical I mpedance Tomography apparatus.
  • EIT Electrical I mpedance Tomography
  • Electrical impedance tomography is a medical imaging technique that uses measurements of the electrical impedance of a body part to construct an image thereof. Typically, electrodes are used to apply an alternating current to the surface of the skin and the resulting potential is measured. Many measurements are made from different points on the skin and an image of impedance within the body is created using known reconstruction techniques. Thus, electrical impedance tomography provides imaging information regarding the internal electrical properties inside a body based on voltage measurements on its boundary.
  • Electroencephalography For Electrical I mpedance Tomography or Electroencephalography (EEG) source modelling of the brain, data is collected by electrodes placed on the scalp. Usually, there are between 1 6 and 256. It is important for the electrodes to have good electrical contact with the skin. This is usually achieved by manual abrasion of the skin . I n clinical practice and most EIT studies, conventional EEG cup electrodes, about 1 cm across, have been used. A technician manually abrades the skin first and then electrodes are placed manually and held in place with a sticky paste or glue. This produces excellent skin-electrode contact but is time consuming and requires an expert technician .
  • an electrode cap may be employed in which the electrodes are mounted at regular intervals within a flexible cap that fits on a subject's head . This may achieve skin contact without abrasion by using a gel or saline soaked sponges. Even using an electrode cap, manual skin abrasion under each electrode may be necessary to ensure a reliable contact between the electrodes and the subject.
  • Electrode caps are known but no design has been published for EIT of the head . Known cap designs have all been for EEG recording, in which electrode impedance is not as important. These all have the limitation that there is no consideration of electrode impedance.
  • an electrode assembly array for use in Electrical I mpedance Tomography (EIT), the electrode assembly array comprising a plurality of electrode assemblies mounted to a frame, the electrode assemblies comprising an electrode for contacting a subject and a drive element, the drive element adapted to drive the electrode towards the subject from the frame for contacting the subject and an abrasion element adapted to move the electrode such that it abrades the subject.
  • EIT Electrical I mpedance Tomography
  • the abrasion element is adapted to rotate the electrode as it is driven towards the subject to provide the abrasion for reliable electrode-subject contact.
  • the abrasion element may be arranged to vibrate the electrode to provide the abrasion as the electrode is driven into contact with the subject.
  • the electrode has a tip, which contacts the subject, that includes an abrasive material.
  • the drive element is provided by an electric motor.
  • the drive element may be provided by a spring.
  • the abrasion element is provided by an electric motor.
  • the electrode assembly includes a feedback device adapted to measure the electrode-subject impedance and control the drive element and/or abrasion element in response to those measurements.
  • the feedback device may be arranged to control the drive means such that it drives the electrode more firmly against the subject and/or maintain activation of the abrasion element until an target impedance is achieved.
  • the target impedance may be ⁇ 2 kOhms at 1 0 Hz.
  • the feedback device may include a safety element to ensure that the drive element and/or abrasion element to not apply forces above a predetermined upper limit on the subject.
  • the apparatus may include a reference electrode.
  • the target impedance may be determined in situ by the reference electrode that can be skilfully placed by an operator on the subject and then the feedback element of each electrode assembly controls the drive element and/or abrasion element to achieve the impedance of the reference electrode within predetermined bounds.
  • the feedback device may be adapted to monitor the electrode impedance after the target impedance has been achieved to ensure that the electrodes maintain a reliable contact with the subject. Accordingly, the feedback device may provide adjustment signals to the drive element and/or abrasion element to move the electrode to maintain the target impedance.
  • the electrode assembly includes an electrode position sensor arranged to measure the position of the electrode relative to the frame. This allows the shape of the subject to be determined for more accurate image reconstruction when using EIT. This information could be used to determine the shape of the head and skull which would inform the choice of numerical model used in image reconstruction .
  • the electrode assembly array includes 2, 1 6, 32, 64, 128 or 256 or more electrode assemblies. It will be appreciated that these figures are examples only and other numbers of electrode assemblies could be provided.
  • the electrodes include a conductivity liquid dispensing device for dispensing a liquid or gel at the electrode's tip to improve contact impedance with the subject.
  • an electrode assembly array for use in Electrical I mpedance Tomography (EIT), the electrode assembly array comprising a plurality of electrode assemblies mounted to a frame, the electrode assemblies comprising an electrode for contacting a subject and a drive element, the drive element adapted to drive the electrode towards the subject from the frame for contacting the subject, the electrode assemblies including an electrode position sensor arranged to measure the position of the electrode relative to the frame.
  • EIT Electrical I mpedance Tomography
  • the electrode assemblies include an abrasion element adapted to move the electrode such that it abrades the subject.
  • an electrical impedance tomography apparatus comprising an electrode assembly array according to the first and/or second aspect of the invention, a processing element for receiving and processing data from the electrodes to generate processed data and an image reconstruction element for producing an image of the subject from the processed data.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatical view of an electrode assembly array
  • Figure 2 shows sectional view of a first embodiment of the electrode assembly with only the drive element visible;
  • Figure 3 shows a diagram of an embodiment of the feedback element;
  • Figure 4 shows a sectional view of a first embodiment of the electrode assembly with the drive element and abrasion element visible;
  • Figure 5 shows a detailed view of the gear system of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment of a rotary encoder that forms part of the feedback element
  • Figure 7 shows a slip ring of the electrode assembly
  • Figure 8 shows a detailed view of the electrode tip
  • Figure 9 shows a second embodiment of an electrode assembly
  • Figure 10 shows a third embodiment of an electrode assembly
  • Figure 1 1 shows a diagram showing the functional parts of one of the electrode assemblies of the array.
  • Figure 1 shows a diagrammatical view of an electrode assembly array 1 comprising a plurality of electrode assemblies 2a-e mounted to a frame 3. Only five electrode assemblies are shown in figure 1 for simplicity. However, the exemplary embodiment described herein has 256 electrode assemblies.
  • the electrode assembly array 1 is particularly suited for use with Electrical I mpedance Tomography (EIT) apparatus, although it may be used with other technologies.
  • EIT Electrical I mpedance Tomography
  • the electrode assemblies 2a-e each comprise an electrode 4a-e for contacting a subject 5 and a drive element 6a-e, the drive element adapted to drive the electrode 4a-e relative to the subject 5 from the frame 3 for contacting the subject 5.
  • the electrode assemblies 2a-e also include an abrasion element adapted to move the electrode 4a-e such that it abrades the subject 5 and, in particular, the skin of the subject 5.
  • the embodiment disclosed herein comprises a helmet with 256 electrode assemblies, although any number of assemblies may be provided.
  • the frame 3 may include 16 - 256 electrode assemblies in it, which forms the electrode assembly array.
  • Each electrode assembly 2a-e is self-adjusting and connected to a feedback device micro-controller which would operate feedback loops to control force and contact impedance, and a position sensor to return the position of the electrode tip.
  • each electrode assembly in the present embodiment contains the following elements:
  • the electrode assemblies mounted within a frame 3 of a helmet, operate without the need for expert supervision. Excellent electrode contact impedance would be achieved in several seconds with all adult head shapes and hair cuts and consistency.
  • an electrode assembly for controlling a single electrode with two independently controlled degrees of freedom : linear actuation/force control, and rotary actuation/impedance control.
  • a linear actuator which forms the drive element, advances the electrode towards a subject, and the force applied is measured by a load cell and controller, which forms the feedback device, and is used to maintain a constant force.
  • the electrode is rotated by the abrasion element and is operated independently by a DC motor, which abrades the outer layer of the subject.
  • the contact impedance difference between the electrode and a predetermined reference is measured, and the abrasion is stopped when a threshold impedance is reached .
  • a rotary encoder gives a measure of the speed of rotation, which is used to increase the torque output of the motor if the electrode has stalled due to the friction at the test object interface.
  • FIG 2 shows an embodiment of one of the electrode assemblies 2a-e and, in particular, electrode assembly 2a. It will be appreciated that in this embodiment all of the electrode assemblies have the same general structure.
  • the electrode assembly includes the electrode 4a at one end of a spindle 10 and a drive element 6a at the other end of the spindle 1 0.
  • the drive element 6a comprises a stepper motor 1 1 which acts on the spindle 10 through a thrust bearing 12. Actuation of the stepper motor 1 1 acts to move the spindle in a translational manner, and therefore the electrode 4a, relative to the subject 5.
  • the components related to controlling the applied force are shown in Figure 2.
  • the stepper motor 1 1 pushes the spindle 10 via the thrust bearing 12, thus enabling the spindle to be rotated freely whilst being translated .
  • the output of the stepper motor 1 1 is a fixed displacement per step. This is converted into a force output via a spring 1 3.
  • the spring constant k of spring 1 3 was chosen to be approximately 1 50 N/m, which results in a force range of 0-20N for the length of stable travel for the stepper motor.
  • the electrode assembly 2a includes a feedback device (not shown in Figure 2).
  • the feedback device assists in controlling the drive element 6a.
  • the feedback device measures either the impedance between the electrode 4a and the subject 5 or the force applied by the drive element 6a or both and provides control signals to the drive means 6a.
  • the impedance between the electrode 4a and the subject may be measured using an appropriate impedance measurement device.
  • the applied force may be measured using a force measurement device located adjacent the electrode 4a or spring or elsewhere in the electrode assembly 2a.
  • the feedback device receives measurements from the impedance measurement device and/or force measurement device and compares the measurement to a predetermined set point. If the force measurement is lower than the set point or the impedance measurement is higher than the set point, the feedback device may instruct the stepper motor 1 1 to advance to increase the force/decrease the impedance. If the force measurement is higher than the set point or the impedance measurement is lower than the set point, the feedback device may instruct the stepper motor 1 1 to recede to decrease the force/increase the impedance.
  • the force sensor may be located behind electrode and may be a force sensitive resistor, or a spring loaded potentiometer.
  • the operation of the feedback device 30 or control loop is shown in figure 3.
  • the stepper motor 1 1 moved at a constant step rate, with the direction changing based on the error between the set point and the measurement(s).
  • a deadband is used to prevent limit cycling, which is set at a level so that the steady state error was within a single step of the stepper motor 1 1 . Therefore, provided that the measurements received by feedback device are within bounds, the feedback device will maintain the electrode position. Control of the drive element in this way is advantageous, as the position of the electrode can be adjusted to ensure a consistent force and/or impedance is maintained between the electrode assembly 2a and the subject 5.
  • the feedback device 30 or the electrode assembly may include a safety element to ensure that a force beyond a safety threshold is not applied to the subject.
  • the safety element may inhibit further signals to the motor 1 1 , provide instructions to recede the electrode 4a or the safety element may comprise a mechanical connection that yields when a threshold force is applied thereto, thereby relieving the force applied by the electrode to the subject 5.
  • the rotary actuation is achieved through the components shown in figure 4.
  • Rotary actuation is used by an abrasion element to abrade the subject 5.
  • a DC motor 40 via a drive gear 42, intermediate gears 41 and a keyed joint 43, rotates the spindle 10.
  • the keyed joint 43 includes key 45 to engage the spindle 10.
  • the gear assembly is shown in more detail in Figure 5.
  • the rotational speed of the spindle is set at approximately 1 Hz or 60 RPM, so the gear ratio of the gears 41 , 42 was chosen to bring the output of the motor 40 to within this range.
  • the gear ratio used was 640: 1 , which also served to greatly amplify the torque output of the motor 40.
  • Pulse Width Modulation PWM is used to control the speed of the motor without significantly impacting the torque output.
  • a rotary encoder 44 (shown in more detail in Figure 6) may be used to measure the speed of rotation of the electrode spindle 1 0.
  • the rotary encoder 44 includes a bearing 46 between it and the keyed joint 43. The output of which served two purposes: to measure if the electrode rotation had stalled, and if so increase the PWM duty cycle to increase the output torque, and to record the speed and total angle rotated .
  • the impedance between the actuated electrode 4a and the subject 5 is measured continuously.
  • the electrode 4a is electrically connected to the central spindle 1 0, which is connected to the feedback device via a slip ring 70.
  • the abrasion element comprises the motor and gears 40 to 45 for rotating the spindle as well as the surface of the electrode 4a, which is described in more detail below.
  • the abrasion element is implemented as follows; the abrasion is controlled in a simple closed loop on/off fashion . As the electrode 4a is rotated it will abrade the subject 5 and, generally, the impedance will decrease.
  • the feedback device measures the impedance and when the impedance reaches a predetermined threshold value, rotation of motor 40 is suspended and therefore abrasion is stopped. If the impedance between the electrode 4a and the subject 5 increases. The feedback device may cause the motor 40 to rotate once again such that the electrode 4a abrades the subject further.
  • Figure 6 shows the rotary encoder for measuring the speed of rotation of the spindle and the total angle rotated. It is of conventional design and will only be described briefly herein .
  • the rotary encoder comprises a code wheel 60 having a plurality of apertures of known spacing therein connected to the spindle 10.
  • An infrared LED 61 is placed on the front side of the code wheel 60 and a quadrature encoder 62 is placed behind the code wheel 60 for measuring when light from the LED 61 is received through the apertures. This enables the speed of rotation and the angle of rotation to be determined .
  • Figure 7 shows a more detailed view of the electrode assembly 2a including the electrode 4a, a slip ring 70 and clearance bearing 71 .
  • the slip ring 70 provides an interface to allow the electrical signal from the electrode to be read by the feedback device and EIT system.
  • Figure 7 also shows a test object 72 and reference electrode 73 used for testing the electrode assembly. It will be appreciated that the reference electrode could alternatively be positioned on a subject 5, when the array is in use.
  • the electrode 4a is constructed out of brass, and has a grid of pyramidal extrusions 80. This creates an abrasive surface, which more readily removes the top layer of skin of the subject 5.
  • the electrode tip thus provides for skin abrasion by rotation and may, if needed, be coated in a conductive paste gel or hydrogel .
  • the abrasive surface greatly aids the abrasion when using traditional abrasive paste.
  • the electrode 4a may be detachable from the electrode assembly such that it can be replaced or sterilised . Abrasive gel could also be coated onto the surface.
  • the electrode may include a dispensing device for dispensing a conductivity liquid to improve electrical contact between the electrode and the subject 5.
  • the dispensing device could dispense the abrasive gel.
  • the dispensing device may comprise an electrically controlled pump having an outlet in or adjacent to the electrode 4a.
  • the dispensing device may comprise a liquid containing bladder and outlet, wherein the force applied by the drive element compresses the bladder to expel the liquid from the bladder out through the outlet.
  • a first motor 1 1 is described as providing motive power for the drive element and the motor 40 for providing motive power for the abrasion element.
  • a single motor with lead-screw to convert motor rotation into rotation and translation could be provided .
  • the impedance between the electrode 4a and the subject received by the feedback device may be measured using a reference electrode on the patient's scalp, which can be placed manually and shared between all the electrode assemblies.
  • the feedback device of the first embodiment used a simple threshold control scheme for the abrasion element.
  • a different control scheme is used. It has been found that the impedance decreases logarithmically with the abrasion until the majority of the outer layer of skin is removed . Therefore, the feedback device is configured to measure the derivative of the impedance and control the motor 40 accordingly. In this way, the abrasion element can be controlled robustly and effectively. As the derivative of the impedance reaches an approximately constant value, then further abrasion has little effect, so the feedback device will stop rotation of the spindle 1 0 by way of motor 40.
  • FIG. 9 shows an embodiment with passive translation and active rotation.
  • the electrode 4a is mounted to the spindle 1 0.
  • a load spring 90 covered by a sleeve 91 , acts between a flange 92 and the electrode 4a to bias it towards an extended position .
  • the linear translation of the electrode 4a is passive in that the spring 90 is compressed by the act of placing the unit on the subject.
  • the spring is preloaded to ensure that the force exerted across the whole displacement range is within a predetermined force range.
  • the electrode 4a is rotated to effect abrasion in the same fashion as the previous embodiment - via a geared motor 94 and keyed joint system 93.
  • I mpedance and abrasion can be controlled automatically in the same fashion, with real time impedance measurements received by the feedback device.
  • a rotary encoder or potentiometer records the spindle 10 translation, to give a measure of the speed of rotation, angle rotated and electrode position.
  • Figure 1 0 shows an embodiment with passive translation and manual rotation. This embodiment is similar to that of Figure 9 except that the motor 94 is replaced by a manual rotation handle 1 00.
  • the rotation of the electrode could be performed manually by the clinician, via the handle 1 00 which provides sufficient leverage to abrade the skin . I n this case there is no automatic control, rather the user rotates the handle by a predetermined amount. I mpedance is measured and fed back to the clinician, such as by way of a display or indicator.
  • the clinician can read the display or indicator and can rotate the abrasion element and thereby the electrodes further should more abrasion be required .
  • the clinician therefore uses the feedback to determine whether or not further abrasion is required .
  • Figure 1 1 shows an overview of the electrode assembly 1 100.
  • the translational movement of the electrode 1 1 01 is controlled by a drive element 1 1 02.
  • the rotational movement (although it may be vibratory movement) of the electrode 1 1 01 is controlled by an abrasion element 1 103.
  • the drive element 1 1 02 and abrasion element 1 103 are controlled to move the electrode 1 101 to ensure reliable electrical contact with a subject 5.
  • the assembly includes a feedback device 1 1 04 to receive feedback from sensors to assist in controlling the drive element 1 102 and abrasion element 1 103.
  • the assembly further includes a force sensor 1 1 05 and an impedance sensor 1 1 06.
  • the force sensor 1 1 05 is mounted behind the electrode to measure the force applied to the subject.
  • the impedance sensor 1 106 uses a reference electrode, placed by a clinician on the subject 5, to obtain a measure of the impedance between the electrode 4a and the subject 5.
  • the reference electrode may be common to all of the electrode assemblies in the array.
  • the feedback device may use the measurement of the force sensor and/or impedance sensor to control the drive element 1 102 and/or abrasion element 1 1 03.
  • the feedback device 1 1 04 may provide control signals to effect further abrasion.
  • the feedback device may provide control signals, in addition or alternatively, to control the position of the electrode 4a relative to the subject 5 and therefore the force with which the electrode is applied to the subject 5.
  • the assembly further includes an electrode position sensor 1 107 for measuring the position of the electrode 1 1 01 relative to the frame.
  • the electrode position sensor is configured to determine the electrode tip position using a position sensor of conventional design that measures light or conductance to evaluate distance and therefore the position of the electrode tip.
  • the EIT system 1 1 08 also receives the data measured by the electrodes in use.
  • Embodiments of the electrode assembly array 1 described herein may be in the form of a helmet and may have the following features;
  • Each electrode 4a-e has a conducting tip to be used as an electrode
  • the electrodes are self-advancing and abrading. They would advance and rotate until good mechanical contact and a low skin impedance were produced
  • the effect on skin-electrode impedance and applied force would be monitored and used in a feedback loop to achieve and maintain a low skin impedance (say ⁇ 2 kOhm at 10 Hz).
  • the positions of each of the electrode tips are calculated using a position sensor in the electrode assembly.
  • Electrodes assembly array include, among others;
  • the application of the electrode assembly array helmet would be by nurses or paramedical staff and require good electrode contact over circa 20 minutes. This could be in a hospital bed, casualty ward or in an ambulance which might be moving.
  • the present embodiment provides a self-regulating assembly array (through a drive element, abrasion element and feedback device) for electrode application which can achieve excellent skin-electrode contact without the need for expert technicians with application in a few seconds which also returns the position of electrodes (using a electrode position sensor).
  • the electrode assembly array helmet would have the advantages as set out above but also has the advantage of continual adjustment of electrode-skin impedance to be optimal . This is advantageous over previous methods of manual repeated inspection of conventional EEG electrodes by expert EEG technicians.
  • the purpose of this device is to apply electrodes automatically and rapidly to the scalp of the patient, and reduce and maintain the contact impedance at a level low enough to produce high quality impedance or EEG data.
  • the positions of the electrodes are also returned, for use in generating numerical models (such as FEM - finite element modelling) of the head for use in EIT image reconstruction or EEG inverse source modelling.
  • a Shielded wires/coaxial wires for electrode - most EIT systems use active shielding, so it would be advantageous to include this in the embodiments
  • Electrodes design - pyramidal design has been demonstrated to work, but the design in terms of shape/size could be developed further. Other patterns such as spiral or rough sand paper like surfaces could also be used
  • the electrode is currently orthogonal to the axis of rotation, in reality the scalp surface will not be parallel with the electrode mounting so the electrode will be at an angle with the scalp. Therefore connections such as a universal joint or a ball joint could be placed between the electrode and the spindle to align the electrode with the surface.
  • the electrode assembly array may include an accelerometer to interface with an electrode impedance tomography apparatus so that data is captured only when the subject is sufficiently still.
  • Visual feedback of contact impedance - good contact indicator (such as a Green LED) when electrode has good contact, allows clinician to know which electrodes have good contact.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un réseau à ensemble électrode pour utilisation en tomographie à impédance électrique (EIT), le réseau à ensemble électrode (1) comprenant une pluralité d'ensembles électrode (2a-e) montés sur un cadre (3), les ensembles électrode comprenant une électrode (4a-e) pour mettre en contact un sujet et un élément de commande (6a-e), l'élément de commande étant adapté à commander l'électrode vers le sujet à partir du cadre pour mettre en contact le sujet et un élément d'abrasion adapté à retirer l'électrode de telle sorte qu'il abrase le sujet.
PCT/US2013/041968 2012-05-21 2013-05-21 Ensemble électrode WO2013177126A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201261649477P 2012-05-21 2012-05-21
US61/649,477 2012-05-21

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WO2013177126A2 true WO2013177126A2 (fr) 2013-11-28
WO2013177126A3 WO2013177126A3 (fr) 2014-04-03

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104434096A (zh) * 2014-11-08 2015-03-25 天津大学 人体胸腔电阻层析传感器
CN105411587A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-03-23 天津大学 用于人体胸腔电阻抗层析成像的胸腔轮廓数据采集方法
CN105534523A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-05-04 天津大学 用于人体胸腔电阻抗层析成像的胸腔轮廓数据采集装置
WO2017102867A1 (fr) 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif et procédé de traitement de surface
CN112315483A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 西安慧脑智能科技有限公司 基于脑电信号采集的电极自调节方法和装置
CN114847913A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-05 四川大学华西医院 一种生物电阻抗断层成像装置和方法

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CN105411587A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-03-23 天津大学 用于人体胸腔电阻抗层析成像的胸腔轮廓数据采集方法
CN105534523A (zh) * 2015-12-07 2016-05-04 天津大学 用于人体胸腔电阻抗层析成像的胸腔轮廓数据采集装置
WO2017102867A1 (fr) 2015-12-15 2017-06-22 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Dispositif et procédé de traitement de surface
US10874325B2 (en) 2015-12-15 2020-12-29 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Surface treatment device and method
CN112315483A (zh) * 2020-11-30 2021-02-05 西安慧脑智能科技有限公司 基于脑电信号采集的电极自调节方法和装置
CN114847913A (zh) * 2022-04-14 2022-08-05 四川大学华西医院 一种生物电阻抗断层成像装置和方法
CN114847913B (zh) * 2022-04-14 2023-10-27 四川大学华西医院 一种生物电阻抗断层成像装置和方法

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