WO2013147228A1 - 熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法、および熱間プレス成形鋼部材 - Google Patents
熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法、および熱間プレス成形鋼部材 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013147228A1 WO2013147228A1 PCT/JP2013/059682 JP2013059682W WO2013147228A1 WO 2013147228 A1 WO2013147228 A1 WO 2013147228A1 JP 2013059682 W JP2013059682 W JP 2013059682W WO 2013147228 A1 WO2013147228 A1 WO 2013147228A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
- B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/14—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/28—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/42—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/50—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/1241—Nonplanar uniform thickness or nonlinear uniform diameter [e.g., L-shape]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a hot press-formed steel member, and a hot press-formed steel member, and in the field of producing a thin steel plate product mainly applied to an automobile body, galvanizing as a material thereof After heating a steel plate (including a hot dip galvanized steel plate, an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel plate, and an electrogalvanized steel plate, hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “blank”) to an austenite transformation point (Ac 3 transformation point) or higher,
- a steel plate including a hot dip galvanized steel plate, an alloyed hot dip galvanized steel plate, and an electrogalvanized steel plate, hereinafter sometimes referred to as a “blank”
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a hot-pressed steel member that exhibits a high strength of 780 MPa or more and suppresses intergranular cracking due to molten metal embrittlement.
- Automotive steel parts are being strengthened (using high-tensile materials) to achieve both collision safety and weight reduction.
- high-tensile materials there are problems such as an increase in molding load and deterioration in dimensional accuracy.
- a hot press forming technique in which a steel plate as a material is press-formed in a heated state to simultaneously realize forming and high strength.
- a steel plate in a high temperature state is formed by a die (punch or die) and held and cooled at the bottom dead center of the forming to perform heat removal and quenching from the steel plate to the die, thereby baking the material.
- a molded product steel part, steel member
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for optimizing plating and material components and quenching a galvanized steel sheet before hot pressing.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing an increase in the forming load, and is a graph showing a relationship between a punching temperature and a shearing load when a steel plate is punched (CL in FIG. 1 means clearance, (Shown in percentage (%) when the thickness is 100%).
- CL in FIG. 1 means clearance, (Shown in percentage (%) when the thickness is 100%).
- the forming load is evaluated by the shearing load on the vertical axis.
- FIG. 2 (b) shows the relationship between the forming start temperature and the maximum forming height Hmax when hot press forming of the galvanized steel sheet is performed by the method shown in FIG. 2 (a).
- 1 is a ball head punch
- 2 is a die
- 3 is a crease presser
- 4 is a blank.
- passages (not shown) through which a cooling medium (for example, water) can pass are formed in the ball head punch 1 and the die 2, and these passages can be passed by passing the cooling medium through the passages.
- These members are configured to be cooled.
- the maximum molding height Hmax in FIG. 2 (b) represents the molding height at which cracks (breaks penetrating in the plate thickness direction) occurred during molding.
- the present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described circumstances, and the purpose thereof is a method of producing a hot press-formed steel member by performing hot press forming using a galvanized steel sheet, It is to establish a method for producing the steel member without reducing LME and causing an increase in forming load and a decrease in formability (cracking).
- the method for producing a hot press-formed steel member of the present invention that has achieved the above-described object,
- the chemical composition of the base material is C: 0.10% (meaning mass%; the same applies to chemical components) to 0.35% or less, Mn: 1.0% to 3.5%, Si: 0.1% or more and 2.5% or less, and Al: 0.50% or less (excluding 0%)
- a hot press molding step of performing at least two hot press moldings after the heating step, Any hot press formation in the hot press forming step is characterized in that it is performed so as to satisfy the following formula (1).
- R is the radius of curvature (mm) of the shoulder of the mold used for hot press forming
- t is the thickness of the galvanized steel sheet (mm)
- T is the forming start temperature (° C.) of hot press forming
- a is The constants 0.2984 and b are constants 590.
- the mold used for the hot press molding it is preferable to use a mold having a smaller radius of curvature than the mold used in the hot press molding performed before the hot press molding.
- the galvanized steel sheet its base material is further as another element, (A) B: 0.005% or less (excluding 0%), (B) Ti and / or Nb: 0.10% or less in total (excluding 0%), (C) Ni and / or Cu: 0.5% or less in total (excluding 0%), (D) Cr and / or Mo: 3.5% or less in total (excluding 0%) You may use what included.
- the present invention includes a hot press-formed steel member obtained by the manufacturing method.
- the die shape used for the hot-press forming, the plate thickness of the galvanized steel sheet, and the hot-press forming start temperature are defined by the prescribed formula ( Since it is controlled to satisfy 1), LME can be reduced and cracking of the galvanized steel sheet can be prevented.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the relationship between the punching temperature and the shearing load when a galvanized steel sheet is punched.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a form of hot press forming
- FIG. 2B shows a relationship between the forming start temperature and the maximum forming height Hmax when the galvanized steel sheet is press formed. It is a graph.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining L-bending forming of a steel plate.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing whether or not LME is generated when the molding start temperature and the radius of curvature R of the bent portion of the mold are changed.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the presence or absence of LME generation when the molding start temperature and the surface layer strain are changed.
- 6 (b) is a cross-sectional photograph of the vicinity of the bent portion of the steel plate.
- 7 (b) is a cross-sectional photograph of the vicinity of the bent portion of the steel plate.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing an example of manufacturing a complex molded product by a conventional multi-step cold press.
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing an example of manufacturing a complex molded product by a conventional multi-step cold press.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the molding start temperature and the radius of curvature R (bending R (rp)) of the bending portion of the mold in the hot press molding of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a hot press-formed steel member (final molded product) of the present invention.
- Fig.11 (a) shows the shape after the preforming in the hot press molding of this invention, and
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing hardness measurement points of a hot press-formed steel member in the example.
- the present inventors have made blank steel sheets of blank symbols A, B, D and E shown in Table 1 below (note that the blank symbol A is a general steel sheet for hot pressing).
- the LME was subjected to various evaluations and earnestly studied.
- the cause of the occurrence of LME is that not only the conventionally considered forming start temperature but also the amount of strain applied to the steel plate during forming has a great influence (that is, the bending radius of curvature has a great influence). Ascertained and completed the present invention. Details will be described below.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a mold configuration and forming conditions when L-bending a steel plate to be formed.
- the molding start temperature was changed to 750 ° C., 700 ° C., 650 ° C., 600 ° C., and 550 ° C.
- the curvature radius of the mold shoulder (bending R, in FIG. 3, the curvature radius rp of the punch shoulder). ) was changed to 2.5 mm, 5.0 mm, 7.5 mm, 10 mm, and 15 mm.
- Tables 2 to 5 below are tables showing whether or not LME is generated when the forming start temperature and the radius of curvature R (bending R, rp) of the bending portion of the mold are changed for each galvanized steel sheet.
- X is defined as the condition for the occurrence of LME
- ⁇ is the condition for the absence of the LME. Show.
- the criteria for the presence or absence of LME generation are the same in Tables 7 and 8 below.
- the strain corresponding to the radius of curvature (rp) of the shoulder of each mold surface strain of the steel sheet, strain applied to the outer portion of the bent portion of the steel sheet, "Strain" may also be described).
- Table 6 superimposes the results of Tables 2-5.
- X indicates that LME occurs for any material (blank) (LME occurs regardless of material)
- ⁇ indicates that LME occurs depending on the material
- LME for any material. The case where no occurs (no LME occurs regardless of the material) is indicated by “ ⁇ ”.
- FIG. 4 is a plot of the results of Table 6 on a graph. From FIG. 4, regardless of the material (blank), the boundary line between the region where LME occurs and the region where LME does not occur is the forming start temperature, the radius of curvature of the bending portion of the mold, and the galvanized steel sheet as described below. It was found that it can be expressed by a function using the plate thickness.
- forming may be performed by setting a forming start temperature that satisfies the following formula (1), a radius of curvature of the bending portion of the mold, and a plate thickness of the galvanized steel sheet.
- R is a radius of curvature (also referred to as “bending R”) of a shoulder portion of a mold used for press forming (in particular, a shoulder portion of a mold inside the bend; the same applies hereinafter), and t is a plate of a galvanized steel sheet.
- Thickness T is the hot press molding start temperature
- a is a constant 0.2984
- b is a constant 590.
- the radius of curvature of the die shoulder may be described as rd
- the radius of curvature of the punch shoulder may be described as rp.
- Formula (1) when T is less than 590 degreeC, it means that LME does not arise irrespective of R and t.
- the method for determining the constant a and the constant b is as follows. First, the present inventors thought that the boundary line of the presence or absence of LME generation shown in FIG. 4 can be expressed as an inversely proportional relational expression of ⁇ (surface strain) and T (molding start temperature). Furthermore, since this boundary line is asymptotic to the line at the molding start temperature: 590 ° C., it was considered that the boundary line could be expressed by an inversely proportional expression such as the following expression (i).
- ⁇ is the surface layer strain
- T is the molding start temperature (° C.)
- a is a constant (0.2984)
- b is a constant (590).
- the bending angle is greatly deviated from 90 °, or the strain due to bending and the strain due to tension are often combined, but in such a case, using numerical simulation, Generation of LME can be prevented by predicting ⁇ and temperature T of the molding process and designing the process so that they satisfy the relationship of the above formula (2).
- the numerical simulation can be performed by using general-purpose software Abacus (manufactured by Dassault Systèmes Co., Ltd.) to perform temperature and strain kneading calculations. Any software can be used.
- LME is generated when L-bending with different bending angles is performed can be determined using the strain ⁇ in the equation (2). For example, when 700 ° C. is substituted into the expression (2) as the molding start temperature T, ⁇ ⁇ 0.09, and the range of additional strain (surface strain) that does not generate LME is predicted to be less than 9%.
- the experimental conditions in FIGS. 6A and 7A are as follows. Materials used: Material (blank) symbol A in Table 1 Heating temperature: 930 ° C Heating time: 6 minutes Molding start temperature: 700 ° C
- FIG. 8 is a photograph showing an example of manufacturing a complex molded product by a conventional multi-process cold press (the 114th Plastic Processing Engineering Course-Foundation and Application of Plate Material Formation-(Organizer: Japan Society for Plastic Processing Engineering (execution: Board formation subcommittee), Monday, September 28, 2009 to Wednesday, September 30))).
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the relationship between the forming start temperature and the radius of curvature R (bending R (rp)) of the bending portion of the mold in the hot press forming of the present invention. Is going.
- LME can be suppressed by performing each process in a LME non-occurrence
- a mold having a smaller radius of curvature at the shoulder than the mold used in the hot press molding performed prior to the hot press molding is used as the mold used in the hot press molding.
- LME can be further suppressed by performing multi-step molding while controlling the applied strain so that the strain is small in the high temperature region and large in the low temperature region.
- the multi-stage hot press forming method shown in FIG. 9 is first formed into a loose rough shape and gradually formed into a complex (sharp) shape, similar to the cold press forming process illustrated in FIG. Therefore, not only the LME is sufficiently suppressed, but also a more complicated shape can be formed.
- the final press forming is called “final press forming” for convenience, and hot press forming other than the final press forming (that is, hot press forming consisting of n steps is performed).
- the hot press forming from the first step to the (n-1) step) may be referred to as “preliminary press forming”.
- the pre-press molding may be one step or two or more steps.
- the multi-stage hot press forming method forming at a high temperature in which the plating is in a liquid phase results in forming with less strain, so that the surface pressure applied to the steel sheet during forming can be kept low. Therefore, it is also possible to suppress adhesion of plating to the mold.
- the molding start temperature of the hot press molding is such that the curvature radius R of the shoulder portion of the mold used for press molding, galvanization so as to satisfy the above formula (1) from the viewpoint of LME suppression in any of the multi-step processes. What is necessary is just to determine suitably according to the board thickness t of a steel plate. From the viewpoint of suppressing an increase in molding load and a decrease in moldability, the molding start temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or higher.
- the galvanized steel sheet is heated to a heating temperature: Ac 3 transformation point (Ac 3 point) or higher.
- a heating temperature Ac 3 transformation point (Ac 3 point) or higher.
- the heating temperature is less than the Ac 3 transformation point, a large amount of ferrite is generated in the microstructure of the member, and the required member strength cannot be ensured.
- the heating temperature is too high, the microstructure constituting the member becomes coarse, and the ductility and bendability are deteriorated, and further, the galvanizing is remarkably deteriorated, and the corrosion resistance of the member may not be exhibited. Therefore the upper limit of the heating temperature is preferably (Ac 3 point +150) ° C. or less, more preferably about (Ac 3 point +100) ° C. or less.
- the holding time at the heating temperature is preferably within 10 minutes, more preferably within 6 minutes, further preferably within 4 minutes, and the holding at the heating temperature may not be performed.
- TS is 780 MPa or more (Vickers hardness (hereinafter referred to as Hv) 240 or more), more preferably 980 MPa or more (Hv300 or more), further preferably 1470 MPa or more (Hv450). Above).
- C 0.10% or more and 0.35% or less
- Mn 1.0% to 3.5%
- Si 0.1% or more and 2.5% or less
- Al 0.50% or less (excluding 0%)
- the balance is iron and inevitable impurities.
- the strength of the steel member is primarily determined by the amount of C.
- the C content needs to be 0.10% or more.
- it is 0.15% or more, more preferably 0.18% or more.
- the upper limit of the C amount is not particularly limited, but considering the characteristics (weldability, toughness, etc.) other than the strength of the obtained member, the upper limit of the C amount is 0.35%. It is as follows. Preferably it is 0.30% or less, More preferably, it is 0.25% or less.
- Mn is an element that improves the hardenability of the steel sheet. Moreover, in order to obtain a high-strength member by hot press molding based on multiple processes, it is essential to suppress the precipitation of the soft phase from austenite between the processes. Mn is an important element that suppresses the precipitation of the soft phase. From these viewpoints, Mn needs to be contained by 1.0% or more.
- the amount of Mn is preferably 1.5% or more, more preferably 1.8% or more, and further preferably 2.0% or more. However, even if the amount of Mn exceeds 3.5%, the effect is saturated and causes an increase in cost. Therefore, the amount of Mn is 3.5% or less. Preferably it is 3.0% or less, More preferably, it is 2.8% or less.
- Si 0.1% to 2.5%
- the molding end temperature is higher than that of conventional hot press molding (for example, cooling to about 100 ° C. in the mold as it is after completion of molding).
- the cooling rate after taking out is lower than that in the conventional process.
- Si is an element having an effect of suppressing tempering of the microstructure of the member after being taken out from the mold at a high temperature. By including this Si, the strength of the steel member can be ensured even when the cooling after taking out from the mold in the multi-step hot forming is slow. In order to obtain this effect, the Si amount needs to be 0.1% or more.
- the Si amount is preferably 0.5% or more, tempering in a low temperature region can be suppressed, and TS1180 MPa or more (Hv360 or more) can be achieved.
- the amount of Si is more preferably 1.0% or more, and still more preferably 1.2% or more. Even if Si is added more than necessary, the effect is saturated and the surface properties of the base steel sheet are deteriorated, so the Si content is 2.5% or less.
- the amount of Si is preferably 2.0% or less, more preferably 1.5% or less.
- Al 0.50% or less (not including 0%)
- Al is an element used for deoxidation, and the amount of Al is preferably 0.01% or more.
- the Al amount increases, the Ac 3 point of the steel plate rises. As a result, it is necessary to increase the heating temperature before press molding or to increase the heating time, which increases the manufacturing cost of the member, such as increasing the required energy. Therefore, the Al content is 0.50% or less.
- the amount of Al is preferably 0.20% or less, more preferably 0.10% or less, and still more preferably 0.050% or less.
- the components of the base material are as described above, and the balance consists of iron and inevitable impurities (for example, P, S, N, O, As, Sb, Sn, etc.).
- P and S in the inevitable impurities are preferably reduced to P: 0.02% or less and S: 0.02% or less from the viewpoint of securing weldability and the like.
- the N content is preferably suppressed to 0.01% or less.
- O causes surface flaws, it is preferable to keep it at 0.001% or less.
- the galvanized steel sheet of the present invention may further contain the following elements as long as the base material does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- B is an element that improves the hardenability of the steel material and prevents the precipitation of a soft phase between steps in multiple steps. Therefore, it is an element effective for ensuring higher strength (Hv450 or more) by multi-step hot press forming. In order to exhibit this effect, it is preferable to contain 0.0003% or more. More preferably, it is 0.0015% or more, More preferably, it is 0.0020% or more. On the other hand, when B is excessively contained, BN is excessively generated and toughness is deteriorated. Therefore, the B amount is preferably suppressed to 0.005% or less. More preferably, it is 0.0040% or less, More preferably, it is 0.0035% or less.
- Ti and / or Nb 0.10% or less in total (excluding 0%)
- Ti and Nb have the effect of reducing the microstructure of the member and improving the strength-ductility balance of the member. From this viewpoint, these elements are preferably contained in a total amount of 0.015% or more (more preferably 0.020% or more).
- the total content of these elements is 0.10% or less (preferably 0.06% or less, more preferably 0.04% or less).
- Ni and Cu are effective elements for improving the hardenability of the steel sheet. It is also an element useful for improving delayed fracture resistance of molded products. In order to exert such effects, it is preferable to contain 0.01% or more in total. More preferably, it is 0.1% or more in total. However, when these contents are excessive, it causes generation of surface flaws during the production of the steel sheet. As a result, the pickling property is lowered, and the productivity is deteriorated. Therefore, the total content of these elements is preferably 0.5% or less (more preferably 0.3% or less).
- Cr and Mo are effective elements for improving the hardenability of the steel sheet. Further, as described above, in the multi-step hot press forming, it is essential to obtain a high-strength member to suppress the soft phase precipitation from austenite between the steps. Mn is the most effective element for suppressing the soft phase precipitation, but Cr and Mo can provide the same effect. Therefore, these elements are preferably contained in a total of 0.1% or more, more preferably 0.15% or more, still more preferably 0.20% or more, and still more preferably 0.25% or more. On the other hand, even if the addition amount exceeds 3.5%, the effect is saturated and causes an increase in cost. Since these elements are expensive in cost, auxiliary addition of Mn is desirable. Therefore, these elements are preferably 3.5% or less in total, more preferably 3.0% or less, and still more preferably 2.8% or less.
- the method for producing a blank (galvanized steel sheet) in which the base material satisfies the above component composition is not particularly limited.
- casting, heating, hot rolling, and cold rolling after pickling are performed, and annealing is performed as necessary to obtain hot rolled steel sheets and cold rolled steel sheets.
- the hot-rolled steel sheet and the cold-rolled steel sheet are plated (zinc-containing plating, etc.), so that the plated steel sheet (hot-dip galvanized steel sheet (GI), etc.) and alloyed and melted by alloying it are also obtained.
- a galvanized steel sheet (GA) or the like can be obtained.
- pieces) to austenite when steel materials are heated is represented as following formula (3).
- Ac 3 points (° C.) 910 ⁇ 203 ⁇ ⁇ [C] ⁇ 15.2 ⁇ [Ni] + 44.7 ⁇ [Si] + 104 ⁇ [V] + 31.5 ⁇ [Mo] + 13.1 ⁇ [W] ⁇ 30 ⁇ [Mn] -11 ⁇ [Cr] -20 ⁇ [Cu] (3)
- Example 1 Hot press molding (simple bending) into the shape shown in FIG. 10 for a blank of 230 mm length ⁇ 50 mm depth heated at 930 ° C. for 6 minutes (hot dip galvanized steel sheet obtained by applying hot dip galvanizing to material A in Table 1 above) Molding (form)) was performed.
- Table 7 shows the molding conditions. As shown in Table 7, in conditions 1 and 2, the shape shown in FIG. 10 was formed in one step. In conditions 1 and 2, a hydraulic press was used and the bottom dead center holding time was 10 seconds.
- R the radius of curvature (rd) of the die shoulder and the radius of curvature (rp) of the punch shoulder exceed 2.4 mm.
- Condition 3 is an example of molding by the method specified in the present invention. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 11 (a) and 11 (b), a crank press was used to form into the formation shown in FIG. 10 in two steps of preliminary formation ⁇ main forming (final forming). Manual conveyance was used between processes. No bottom dead center was maintained. Furthermore, the conveyance time from the heating furnace (heating for 6 minutes at a heating temperature of 930 ° C.) to the mold for preforming was 10 seconds.
- the pre-molding start temperature for Condition 3 is 750 ° C.
- T 750 ° C.
- the temperature T of the galvanized steel sheet at the start of the final forming (final forming) of Condition 3 is 600 ° C.
- T 600 ° C.
- t (plate thickness) 1.4 mm into the above formula (1), R> 2.4. That is, the allowable range of the curvature radius (rd1, 2) of the die shoulder and the curvature radius (rp1, 2) of the punch shoulder for preventing the occurrence of LME is more than 2.4 mm.
- Condition 2 in Table 7 simulates the prior art that performs rapid cooling before pressing. As shown in Condition 2 of Table 7, when forming was started after quenching with air at a cooling rate of 30 ° C./second to 600 ° C., LME could be suppressed, but cracking occurred in the galvanized steel sheet. In other words, it can be seen that cracking occurs in the galvanized steel sheet when it is formed in one step as in Condition 2.
- Condition 3 in Table 7 it can be seen that when multi-step hot press molding is performed by the method defined in the present invention, both LME and cracking can be suppressed.
- the surplus introduced in the preforming contributes greatly to the suppression of cracking.
- condition 3 was formed using the same crank press as the cold press without holding the bottom dead center. By eliminating the bottom dead center, productivity during molding can be dramatically improved.
- Condition 1 when the number of moldings was increased, the adhesion of plating to the mold was observed from the die shoulder to the vertical wall.
- the present invention is effective not only for reducing LME but also for reducing adhesion of plating to a mold. If the adhesion of the plating can be reduced, there is an advantage that the maintenance frequency of the mold can be reduced.
- Example 2 Using various materials shown in Table 8, molding was performed under the same molding conditions as in Condition 3 in Table 7.
- the chemical component of the base material is preferable (the Si amount is 0.5% or more, and in addition to the basic component, a specified amount of selective elements (B, Ti, Ni, Cu) , Cr)) steel plates (blank symbols B to E in Table 1) were used for multi-step forming.
- Molding was performed under the same molding conditions as condition 3 in Table 7 except that the materials of the galvanized steel sheets used were different.
- the hardness of the obtained molded article (member) was investigated by the following method. That is, as shown in FIG.
- Hv 300 and TS980 MPa or more can be achieved.
- higher strength Hv 380 or more, Further, it can be seen that Hv450 or higher
- Example 2 by using a galvanized steel sheet having a chemical composition with a preferable base material, a sufficiently high strength can be secured even if the clearance between the molds is widened. Therefore, the clearance can be set wider, and the surface pressure applied to the mold can be further reduced. As a result, it is further advantageous for suppressing LME and adhesion to the mold.
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Abstract
Description
母材の化学成分組成が、
C:0.10%(質量%を意味する。化学成分について以下同じ)以上0.35%以下、
Mn:1.0%以上3.5%以下、
Si:0.1%以上2.5%以下、および
Al:0.50%以下(0%を含まない)
を満たし、残部が鉄および不可避不純物である亜鉛めっき鋼板を用い、
該亜鉛めっき鋼板をAc3変態点以上に加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程の後、少なくとも2回の熱間プレス成形を行う熱間プレス成形工程と、を有し、
前記熱間プレス成形工程におけるいずれの熱間プレス形成も、下記式(1)を満たすように行うところに特徴を有する。
(a)B:0.005%以下(0%を含まない)や、
(b)Tiおよび/またはNb:合計で0.10%以下(0%を含まない)、
(c)Niおよび/またはCu:合計で0.5%以下(0%を含まない)、
(d)Crおよび/またはMo:合計で3.5%以下(0%を含まない)
を含んだものを用いてもよい。
ε×(T-590)= 一定値 …(i)
ε×(T-590)1/2= 0.9153 …(ii)
即ち、LMEが発生しない領域は、下記式(iii)で表される。
ε×(T-590)1/2 < 0.9153 …(iii)
ところでεは、一般的に下記式(iv)で表される。よって、この式(iv)で表されるεを上記式(iii)に代入し、変形すると下記式(v)が得られる。
ε=t/(2×R) …(iv)
ただし、式(iv)において、Rはプレス成形に用いる金型の肩部の曲率半径、tは亜鉛めっき鋼板の板厚である。
使用材料:表1の材料(ブランク)記号A
加熱温度:930℃
加熱時間:6分
成形開始温度:700℃
曲げ角度90°の場合、上述した数値シミュレーションで鋼板のひずみを計算したところ、最大ひずみ(鋼板の表層ひずみ)は約0.29(29%)であった。これは、上記9%を超えるため、曲げ角度が90°の場合はLMEが発生すると判定できる。これは、図6(b)の実験結果(LMEが発生)と一致する。
一方、曲げ角度15°の場合の最大ひずみを数値シミュレーションで計算したところ、最大ひずみは約0.06(6%)であった。これは、上記9%を下回るため、曲げ角度15°の場合はLMEは発生しないと判定できる。これは、図7(b)の実験結果(LME発生せず)と一致する。
C:0.10%以上0.35%以下、
Mn:1.0%以上3.5%以下、
Si:0.1%以上2.5%以下、および
Al:0.50%以下(0%を含まない)
を満たし、残部が鉄および不可避不純物。
[C:0.10%以上0.35%以下]
鋼部材の強度は、第一にC量で決まる。本発明では、上記方法(多工程のプロセス)で高強度を得るため、C量を0.10%以上とする必要がある。好ましくは0.15%以上、より好ましくは0.18%以上である。尚、上記強度を確保する観点からは、C量の上限は特に限定されないが、得られる部材の強度以外の特性(溶接性や靭性等)を考慮すると、C量の上限は、0.35%以下である。好ましくは0.30%以下、より好ましくは0.25%以下である。
Mnは鋼板の焼入れ性を向上させる元素である。また、多工程を前提とする熱間プレス成形で高強度の部材を得るには、工程間でオーステナイトから軟質相の析出を抑制することが必須である。Mnは、上記軟質相の析出を抑制する重要な元素である。これらの観点から、Mnは1.0%以上含有させる必要がある。Mn量は、好ましくは1.5%以上、より好ましくは1.8%以上、更に好ましくは2.0%以上である。しかしながら、Mn量が3.5%を超えてもその効果は飽和し、コスト上昇の要因となる。よってMn量は3.5%以下とする。好ましくは3.0%以下、より好ましくは2.8%以下である。
多工程を前提とする本発明のプロセスでは、成形終了温度が従来の熱間プレス成形(例えば成形終了後のそのまま金型内にて100℃前後まで冷却する)よりも高温の状態で、成形部材を金型から取り出す必要がある。そのため取り出し後の冷却速度が従来のプロセスよりも低下する。Siは、金型から高温状態で取り出した後の部材のミクロ組織の焼き戻しを抑制する効果を有する元素である。このSiを含有させることによって、多工程の熱間成形において金型から取り出した後の冷却が遅い場合でも、鋼部材の強度を確保することができる。この効果を得るには、Si量を0.1%以上とする必要がある。Si量は、好ましくは0.5%以上とすることによって、低温域での焼き戻しも抑制でき、TS1180MPa以上(Hv360以上)を達成することができる。Si量は、より好ましくは1.0%以上、更に好ましくは1.2%以上である。尚、Siを必要以上に添加してもその効果は飽和し、素地鋼板の表面性状を劣化させるので、Si量は2.5%以下とする。Si量は、好ましくは2.0%以下、より好ましくは1.5%以下である。
Alは、脱酸のために用いる元素であり、Al量は好ましくは0.01%以上である。一方、Al量が増加すると鋼板のAc3点が上昇する。その結果、プレス成形前の加熱温度をより高温にしたり、加熱時間を長くする必要があり、必要なエネルギーが増加するなど部材の製造コストが上昇する。よってAl量は0.50%以下とする。Al量は、好ましくは0.20%以下、より好ましくは0.10%以下、さらに好ましくは0.050%以下である。
Bは鋼材の焼入れ性を向上させて、多工程における工程間の軟質相の析出を防止する元素である。よって、多工程の熱間プレス成形でより高強度(Hv450以上)を確保するのに有効な元素である。この効果を発揮させるには、0.0003%以上含有させることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0015%以上、更に好ましくは0.0020%以上である。一方、Bが過剰に含まれると、BNが過剰に生成して靭性の劣化を招く。よって、B量は0.005%以下に抑えることが好ましい。より好ましくは0.0040%以下、更に好ましくは0.0035%以下である。
TiとNbは、部材のミクロ組織を微細化して、部材の強度-延性バランスを向上させる効果を有する。この観点から、これらの元素は合計で0.015%以上(より好ましくは0.020%以上)含有させることが好ましい。一方、TiとNbの合計量が過剰になると、原板強度が必要以上に高まり、切断・打ち抜き工具寿命の低下(結果としてコストアップ)を招く。よって、これらの元素の含有量は合計で0.10%以下(好ましくは0.06%以下、より好ましくは0.04%以下)とする。
Ni、Cuは、鋼板の焼入れ性向上に有効な元素である。また成形品の耐遅れ破壊性の向上に有用な元素でもある。こうした効果を発揮させるには、合計で0.01%以上含有させることが好ましい。より好ましくは合計で0.1%以上である。しかしながら、これらの含有量が過剰になると、鋼板製造時における表面疵の発生原因となる。その結果、酸洗性の低下が生じ、生産性の悪化を招く。よってこれらの元素は、合計で0.5%以下(より好ましくは0.3%以下)とすることが好ましい。
Cr、Moは、鋼板の焼入れ性向上に有効な元素である。また前述の通り、多工程の熱間プレス成形では、工程間でのオーステナイトからの軟質相析出を抑制することが、高強度の部材を得るために必須である。前記軟質相析出の抑制にはMnが最も有効な元素であるが、CrやMoでも同様の効果が得られる。よってこれらの元素は、合計で0.1%以上含有させることが好ましく、より好ましくは0.15%以上、更に好ましくは0.20%以上、より更に好ましくは0.25%以上である。一方、添加量が3.5%を超えてもその効果は飽和しコスト上昇の要因となる。これらの元素は、コスト的に高価であるため、上記Mnの補助的な添加が望ましい。よってこれらの元素は、合計で3.5%以下であることが好ましく、より好ましくは3.0%以下、更に好ましくは2.8%以下である。
母材が上記成分組成を満たすブランク(亜鉛めっき鋼板)を製造する方法は、特に限定されるものではない。通常の方法によって、鋳造、加熱、熱間圧延、更には酸洗後に冷間圧延し、必要に応じ焼鈍を行って熱延鋼板や冷延鋼板を得る。更に、該熱延鋼板や冷延鋼板に対し、めっき(亜鉛含有めっき等)を施すことによって、めっき鋼板(溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GI)等)や、更に、これを合金化させた合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板(GA)等を得ることができる。
Ac3点(℃)=910-203×√[C]-15.2×[Ni]+44.7×[Si]+104×[V]+31.5×[Mo]+13.1×[W]-30×[Mn〕-11×[Cr]-20×[Cu] ・・・(3)
ただし、鋼材中に含まれない化学成分については、ゼロを代入するものとする。
930℃で6分間加熱した長さ230mm×奥行き50mmのブランク(上記表1の材料Aに溶融亜鉛めっきを施した溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板)に対し、図10に示す形状に熱間プレス成形(単純曲げ成形(フォーム))を施した。成形条件を表7に示す。表7に示す通り、条件1および2では、1工程で図10に示す形状に成形した。また条件1および2では、油圧プレスを用い、下死点保持時間10秒の条件で行った。
表8に示す種々の材料を用い、表7の条件3と同一の成形条件で成形を行った。詳細には、条件4~10では、母材の化学成分が好ましい(Si量が0.5%以上であり、また基本成分に加えて、更に規定量の選択元素(B、Ti、Ni、Cu、Cr)を含む)鋼板(表1のブランク記号B~E)を用いて、多工程の成形を行った。使用した亜鉛めっき鋼板の材料が異なること以外は、表7の条件3と同様の成形条件で成形を行った。そして、得られた成形品(部材)の硬度を次の方法で調査した。即ち、硬度(ビッカース硬度)は、図12に示す通り、部材断面内の5ヶ所について、荷重1kgf、1/4t(板厚)位置を測定し、上記5ヶ所の平均値を求めた。その結果を表8に示す。表8には、表7の条件3の結果(硬度)も示している。
2 ダイ
3 しわ押さえ
4 ブランク(亜鉛めっき鋼板)
Claims (8)
- 熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法であって、
母材の化学成分組成が、
C:0.10%(質量%を意味する。化学成分について以下同じ)以上0.35%以下、
Mn:1.0%以上3.5%以下、
Si:0.1%以上2.5%以下、および
Al:0.50%以下(0%を含まない)
を満たし、残部が鉄および不可避不純物である亜鉛めっき鋼板を用い、
該亜鉛めっき鋼板をAc3変態点以上に加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱工程の後、少なくとも2回の熱間プレス成形を行う熱間プレス成形工程と、を有し、
前記熱間プレス成形工程におけるいずれの熱間プレス形成も、下記式(1)を満たすように行うことを特徴とする熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。
- 前記熱間プレス成形に用いる金型は、その肩部の曲率半径が、該熱間プレス成形よりも前に実施の熱間プレス成形で使用した金型よりも小さい請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。
- 前記亜鉛めっき鋼板の母材は、前記Si量が0.5%以上である請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。
- 前記亜鉛めっき鋼板の母材は、更に他の元素として、
B:0.005%以下(0%を含まない)を含むものである請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。 - 前記亜鉛めっき鋼板の母材は、更に他の元素として、
Tiおよび/またはNb:合計で0.10%以下(0%を含まない)を含むものである請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。 - 前記亜鉛めっき鋼板の母材は、更に他の元素として、
Niおよび/またはCu:合計で0.5%以下(0%を含まない)を含むものである請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。 - 前記亜鉛めっき鋼板の母材は、更に他の元素として、
Crおよび/またはMo:合計で3.5%以下(0%を含まない)を含むものである請求項1に記載の熱間プレス成形鋼部材の製造方法。 - 請求項1に記載の製造方法で得られる熱間プレス成形鋼部材。
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EP3228399A4 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2017-12-27 | JFE Steel Corporation | Methods for evaluating and manufacturing hot-press formed article |
WO2021193632A1 (ja) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 |
WO2021193618A1 (ja) | 2020-03-27 | 2021-09-30 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | ホットスタンプ成形体 |
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WO2022079970A1 (ja) | 2020-10-12 | 2022-04-21 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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MX354874B (es) | 2018-03-22 |
ES2578359T3 (es) | 2016-07-26 |
CN104169018A (zh) | 2014-11-26 |
JP5639678B2 (ja) | 2014-12-10 |
US10029294B2 (en) | 2018-07-24 |
EP2832466A1 (en) | 2015-02-04 |
US20150024234A1 (en) | 2015-01-22 |
EP2832466B1 (en) | 2016-06-15 |
CN104169018B (zh) | 2015-12-09 |
MX2014011469A (es) | 2015-05-11 |
EP2832466A4 (en) | 2015-11-11 |
KR101609501B1 (ko) | 2016-04-05 |
KR20140130208A (ko) | 2014-11-07 |
JP2013226599A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
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