WO2013131555A1 - Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis - Google Patents
Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013131555A1 WO2013131555A1 PCT/EP2012/053793 EP2012053793W WO2013131555A1 WO 2013131555 A1 WO2013131555 A1 WO 2013131555A1 EP 2012053793 W EP2012053793 W EP 2012053793W WO 2013131555 A1 WO2013131555 A1 WO 2013131555A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- prediction model
- calculation modules
- calculation
- user interface
- modules
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N20/00—Machine learning
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0481—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] based on specific properties of the displayed interaction object or a metaphor-based environment, e.g. interaction with desktop elements like windows or icons, or assisted by a cursor's changing behaviour or appearance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/0486—Drag-and-drop
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
- G06N5/00—Computing arrangements using knowledge-based models
- G06N5/04—Inference or reasoning models
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/70—Machine learning, data mining or chemometrics
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/20—Identification of molecular entities, parts thereof or of chemical compositions
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/80—Data visualisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis.
- the general technical area of the invention concerns instruments and software for spectra analysis for chemometric purposes.
- the user builds the prediction model by selecting a number of the spectra for processing with the intent being to mathematically (e. g. statistically) correlate the monitored spectra with selected properties. Using the remaining spectra, the user then validates the model by running it on the remaining unused spectra, thereby generating predictions of the property or properties of the associated samples. A comparison of the predicted and analytically determined properties reveals the model's quality (e.g. how "good" the model is at making accurate predictions). If the comparison reveals that the model is not sufficiently accurate, the model must be modified or rebuilt from scratch.
- the model's quality e.g. how "good" the model is at making accurate predictions.
- the spectra are used as input data to a prediction model typically implemented in software.
- the regression algorithms in the prediction model can be both linear and non-linear and are based on complex mathematical functions, such as artificial neural networks or principal component analysis.
- the algorithms of the prediction model are hard coded into the software and if a user of the software would like to change anything in the algorithms, e.g. to add another parameter, an additional mathematical function or a new regression algorithm, this requires a fairly complex rewrite of the entire software.
- WO2004/038602 A1 by David J. Baker, an integrated, modular, automated computer software based system for drug discovery biomarker discovery and drug screening is disclosed.
- the system comprises an application that accepts user input for building the prediction model.
- the user can select one of a plurality of regression techniques for use in the prediction model.
- the user can also save and re-load saved prediction models.
- the user can, to some extent, use available regression techniques and data transforming or scaling methods, to form a prediction model.
- a prediction model can be considered to consist of one or more calculation modules.
- Each calculation module represents a mathematical operation.
- Each module has only the limited scope of receiving input, performing operation(s) and sending an output. For most modules, the input will be sequentially fed from an earlier module but in some circumstances a number of modules may feed their inputs in parallel from a single earlier module. However, this has no relevance for the module, only for the overall model construction. By understanding this, a much more flexible architecture for forming a prediction model can be allowed.
- chemometric analysis comprises: providing a computer readable storage medium containing a plurality of calculation modules, each of the plurality of calculation modules being a calculation module suitable for use in the prediction model, each of the plurality of calculation modules being arranged to receive data, having a required input data format, as input, perform a calculation and deliver data, having an output data format, as output, providing a processing unit for handling, by a former, the forming of the prediction model, providing a processing unit for operating, by an operator, the calculation modules previously added to the prediction model, providing a training data set with at least one known property for use when verifying the prediction model, providing a user interface for operating the calculation modules previously added to the prediction model, generating the plurality of calculation modules to be individually selectable, providing a user interface for adding at least one of the plurality of selectable calculation modules to the prediction model,
- the method further comprising the steps of:
- calculation modules should, in the context of present method, be understood a mathematical function, or a group of mathematical functions, suitable for forming a prediction model.
- Examples of conventionally used mathematical function when forming a prediction model are PLS (partial least squares) and SIMCA (soft independent modelling of class analogies).
- the present invention separates these larger mathematical functions into sub functions, each of the sub functions are considered to be a separate calculation module.
- An example of a complex mathematical function being separated into sub functions is the PLS-function. Accordingly, the PLS- function may, for example, be separated into three sub functions: - Spectra treatment (including wavelength selection, scatter correction, derivative)
- SIMCA-function may be separated into a plurality of, for example four, sub functions:
- operating the prediction model should, in the context of present method, be understood to run the data to be analyzed through the flow of calculation modules that forms the prediction model.
- a training data set with already analyzed properties may be needed.
- An advantage of this is that it may be easy to judge the quality of the prediction model by just comparing the predicted properties of the data run through the flow of the calculation modules with the already known properties of the same data.
- computer readable storage medium should, in the context of present method, be understood one of a removable non-volatile random access memory, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk, a CD-ROM, a DVD-ROM, a USB memory, an SD memory card, or a similar computer readable medium known in the art.
- the prediction model may be formed in a fully flexible way, with no restrictions on what type of calculation module that may follow a already added calculation module.
- An advantage of this is that a user of this method is not bound by what calculation modules (e.g. mathematical function) that usually forms such a prediction model and in what order these calculation modules usually are operating in the prediction model, the user can, on the contrary, form the prediction model in any way possible using the calculation modules at hand.
- the step of verifying the quality of the prediction model could be done in any suitable way. It could, for example, be done by comparing graphs plotting the predicted property of the data and the known property of the data. It could be done by exporting the predicted and known properties as a data file and analyze it in external software. It could also be done by printing the data side by side and comparing it by hand. It could also be done by letting software, which implements the above method, running an analysis of the predicted and the known properties and giving a measure of how well the prediction model predicted the values that are known.
- the operator is operating at least two of the calculation modules previously added to the prediction model in parallel.
- An effect of this is that the time it takes to run the data through the flow of calculation modules that forms the prediction model may be shortened. Because the calculation modules are built in the way described above, there is no limit to how many calculation modules can be run in parallel.
- the method comprises providing a user interface for configuring parameters of each of the calculation modules, providing a processing unit for configuring, by a configurer, parameters of a calculation module, the method further comprising the steps of:
- a calculation module often consists of several parameters.
- the parameters may have an initial value that is known to work in the context of forming a prediction model, but these parameters may need to be customized for the different types of data.
- the method comprises providing a user interface for changing an order among a plurality of calculation modules previously added to the prediction model, the method further comprising the steps of:
- the user may want to change the order of the calculation modules added to the model. If, for example, a prediction model, which consists of a centring and scaling module followed by a PCA module, does not predict the known properties of the data in a satisfactory way, the user may want to try to reorder the modules. Additionally or alternatively the user may want to add one or more additional modules, such as a module for scatter correction say, dependent on, for example the results of a validation of the model or may want to remove certain modules if, for example, validation of the model indicates that desired variations to be modelled are being removed, say be over correction..
- additional modules such as a module for scatter correction say
- the method comprises providing a user interface for removing a calculation module previously added to the prediction model, the method further comprising the steps of:
- the prediction model may be formed by numerous calculation models. By providing the user with the possibility to remove a calculation module instead of deleting the entire prediction model and start over, the user may both save time and feel that the forming of a prediction model is done in an intuitive way.
- the method comprises providing a user interface for adding a recommended combination of calculation modules to the prediction model, the method further comprising the steps of:
- the user may want to start the process of forming a prediction model by starting from a recommended combination of calculation modules. From this starting point, the user may want to continue working with the prediction module by the way described above. An effect of this is that the user does not start from scratch when forming the prediction module, instead the user starts from a set of calculation modules that usually work well when building such a module. An advantage of this is that the user may save time.
- the method further comprises providing a user interface for saving the prediction model to the computer readable storage medium, providing a processing unit for saving, by a saver, a prediction model to the computer readable storage medium, the method further comprising the steps of:
- the user may also want to save a successfully formed prediction model for use as a starting point the next time a prediction model is formed.
- the method comprises providing a user interface for adding a previously saved prediction model from the computer readable medium to the prediction model and providing a processing unit for loading, by a loader, a previously saved prediction model from the computer readable medium, the method further comprising the steps of:
- prediction model a request for adding a previously saved prediction model to the prediction model
- the effect of this is that if the user has a prediction model that has been previously saved, it is now made possible to load the prediction model and continue to work on it.
- the user may also load a previously saved prediction module and use it as a starting point when forming a new
- a computer program product comprising computer program code portions adapted to perform at least parts of the method according to the first aspect of the invention when loaded and executed on a computer.
- the second aspect may generally have the same features and advantages as the first aspect.
- a graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis
- the graphical user interface comprising:
- each of the graphical objects representing a calculation module suitable for use in the prediction model
- a second graphical area configure to display a second set of graphical objects representing a set of the calculation modules added to a prediction model
- each of the calculation module being arranged to receive data, having a required input data format, as input, perform a calculation and deliver data, having a output data format, as output,
- each of the plurality of calculation modules having an output data format being compatible with the required input data format of each of the plurality of calculation modules thereby allowing the calculation modules to be added to the second graphical area, by the means for adding, in any number and/or in any order.
- the third aspect may generally have the same features and
- Figure 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a schematic view of a device implementing a method according to an embodiment of the present invention
- Figures 3-7 shows graphical user interface views according to embodiments of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the figure shows a workflow for forming a prediction model.
- the user starts (step S01 ) by either adding a ready-made prediction model (step S03) or by adding (step S09) one or several calculation modules to the prediction model to be formed. If the user wants to add a ready-made prediction model (step S03), the user can choose between adding a stored prediction model (step S05) from a computer readable storage medium or by adding a recommended prediction model (step S07).
- step S17 If the user then considers the work of forming a prediction model to be finished (step S17), the user can execute (step S19) the formed prediction model by operating the training data set 20 on the calculation modules added to the prediction model and then verifying (step S21 ) a quality of the prediction model by comparing the predicted properties 24 of the training data set 20 with the known properties 22 of the same data set 20.
- step S23 the user may save (step S23) the model for later use before the user considers the work to be done (step S25). If, on the other hand, the user is not satisfied with the quality of the prediction model, the user may continue to form the prediction model by adding (step S09) additional calculation modules or deleting (step S1 1 ) a previously added calculation model or by change the order (step S13) of the previously added calculation models or by configuring (step S15) one or more parameters of a previously added calculation model. The above steps are iterated until a satisfactory result is accomplished.
- step S09, S05, S07 one/several calculation module(s) without restrictions.
- the user may also delete (step S1 1 ) and reorder (step S13) calculation modules previously added without any restrictions.
- the recommended prediction model (step S07) may also be stored on the computer readable storage medium and thus the step of adding a stored prediction model (step S05) and the step of adding a recommended prediction model (step S07) may migrate into one step.
- the verification (step S21 ) of the prediction model may be an
- step S23 the saving (step S23) of a prediction model may be performed at any time while forming the prediction model.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a device 100 implementing a method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the device 100 comprises a processing unit 200, which may be a central processing unit (CPU).
- the processing unit 200 is arranged to be operatively connected to an operator 202, a configurer 204, a former 206, a saver 208, a loader 210, a computer readable storage medium 300 and a user interface 400.
- CPU central processing unit
- the memory 300 may be configured to store software instructions 306 pertaining to a computer-implemented method for forming a prediction model.
- the memory 300 may thus form a computer-readable medium which may have stored thereon software instructions 306.
- the software instructions 306 may cause the processing unit 200 to execute the method according to embodiments of the present invention.
- the user interface 400 is arranged to receive user instructions and to present data processed by the processing unit 200.
- the user interface 400 may be operatively connected to the display 402 and a user input device 404.
- the user instructions may pertain to operations to be performed on the data items displayed by the display 402.
- the user instructions may origin from the user input device 404.
- An example of such user input device 404 is a mouse or a keyboard.
- the computer readable storage medium 300 may be configured to store calculation modules 302 to be used by the operator 202, the configurer 204, the former 206 and the saver 208 to execute the method according to embodiments of the present invention.
- the computer readable storage medium 300 may be configured to store stored prediction models 304 to be used by the loader 210 and the former 206 to execute the method according to embodiments of the present invention.
- the stored prediction models may be both user saved prediction models and recommended prediction models.
- the computer readable storage medium 300 may store other attributes regarding the device 100 or the method of the present invention such as preferred Ul settings, previous verification results etc.
- the Ul 400, the processing unit 200 and the computer readable storage medium 300 may be parts of the same device. They may also be parts of separate devices and connected by a network connection such as the Internet, a WIFI connection or a universal serial bus (USB) interface.
- the processing unit 200 could, for example, be placed on a separate server for improving the speed of the operator 202.
- FIG. 3-7 shows an exemplary graphical user interface (GUI) 500 of software implementing the method of the present invention.
- GUI graphical user interface
- a first graphical area 502 is configured to display a first set 512-524 of graphical objects; each of the graphical objects 512-524 is representing a calculation module suitable for use in the prediction model.
- a second graphical area 504 is configured to display a second set 542-544 of graphical objects representing the set of the calculation modules added to a prediction model.
- the calculation modules are added 560-564 to the second area by the user.
- the user may use a user input device as described in Figure 2 for adding a graphical object from the first area to the second area. For example, the user may use the mouse and a drag-and-drop configuration.
- Figure 3 shows how the user adds 560 a spectra treatment calculation module 540 to the prediction model.
- Figure 4 shows how the user adds 562 a center and scale calculation module 542 to the prediction model.
- Figure 5 shows how the user adds 564 a MPLS (modified part least square) calculation module 544 to the prediction model.
- MPLS modified part least square
- Figure 6 shows a graphical user interface for configuring parameters of the center and scale calculation module 542.
- the user can select and configure appropriate parameters 580-582 for the selected calculation module 542.
- the user may open this view by using the mouse.
- a keyboard or any other suitable user input device could also be used.
- Figure 7 shows how the user operating the prediction model by pressing the execute button 510.
- the user could also press the load button 506 for loading a previously stored prediction model or a recommended prediction model.
- the user could also press the save button 508 for storing the current prediction model to a computer readable storage medium.
- the use of a button is only to be seen as an example and is not limiting in any way.
- the user could change the relative order of the calculation modules 540-544 added to the prediction model by using the mouse and a drag-and-drop configuration.
- the arrow keys of a keyboard or any other suitable user input device could also be used.
- the user could delete one or several of the calculation modules 540-544 added to the prediction model with the delete key or the backspace key of a keyboard. Any other suitable user input device could also be used.
- a first graphical area 502 is configured to display a first set 512-524 of graphical objects; each of the graphical objects 512-524 is representing a calculation module suitable for use in the prediction model.
- a second graphical area 504 is configured to display a second set 542-544 of graphical objects representing the set of the calculation modules added to a prediction model.
- the calculation modules are added to the second area by the user.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/053793 WO2013131555A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
US14/382,395 US20150088787A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
EP12709825.9A EP2823422A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
AU2012372484A AU2012372484A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
CN201280070687.5A CN104137107A (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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PCT/EP2012/053793 WO2013131555A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
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WO2013131555A1 true WO2013131555A1 (en) | 2013-09-12 |
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PCT/EP2012/053793 WO2013131555A1 (en) | 2012-03-06 | 2012-03-06 | Method, software and graphical user interface for forming a prediction model for chemometric analysis |
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US (1) | US20150088787A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2823422A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN104137107A (en) |
AU (1) | AU2012372484A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2013131555A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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WO2016033235A3 (en) * | 2014-08-27 | 2016-04-21 | Next It Corporation | Data clustering system, methods, and techniques |
EP3401337A1 (en) | 2012-09-25 | 2018-11-14 | Glenmark Pharmaceuticals S.A. | Purification of hetero-dimeric immunoglobulins |
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US10708151B2 (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2020-07-07 | Level 3 Communications, Llc | System and methods for adaptive notification and ticketing |
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- 2012-03-06 AU AU2012372484A patent/AU2012372484A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2012-03-06 WO PCT/EP2012/053793 patent/WO2013131555A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-06 EP EP12709825.9A patent/EP2823422A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-03-06 US US14/382,395 patent/US20150088787A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2823422A1 (en) | 2015-01-14 |
US20150088787A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
AU2012372484A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
CN104137107A (en) | 2014-11-05 |
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