WO2013114245A1 - Process of modulating man5 and/or afucosylation content of glycoprotein composition - Google Patents

Process of modulating man5 and/or afucosylation content of glycoprotein composition Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013114245A1
WO2013114245A1 PCT/IB2013/050485 IB2013050485W WO2013114245A1 WO 2013114245 A1 WO2013114245 A1 WO 2013114245A1 IB 2013050485 W IB2013050485 W IB 2013050485W WO 2013114245 A1 WO2013114245 A1 WO 2013114245A1
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cells
glycans
man5
process according
glycoprotein
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PCT/IB2013/050485
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French (fr)
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Guruvasuthevan Ramasamy THUDUPPATHY
Paranandi Ananta MADHAVA RAM
Kaumil BHAVSAR
Neha Garg
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Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited
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Application filed by Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited filed Critical Dr. Reddy's Laboratories Limited
Priority to US14/374,163 priority Critical patent/US10059770B2/en
Priority to EP13743691.1A priority patent/EP2809773B1/en
Publication of WO2013114245A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013114245A1/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/28—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants
    • C07K16/2863—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against receptors, cell surface antigens or cell surface determinants against receptors for growth factors, growth regulators
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02—Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04—Immunostimulants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
    • C07K16/18—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans
    • C07K16/32—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from animals or humans against translation products of oncogenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/38—Chemical stimulation of growth or activity by addition of chemical compounds which are not essential growth factors; Stimulation of growth by removal of a chemical compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
    • C12N5/0018—Culture media for cell or tissue culture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
    • C12P21/005—Glycopeptides, glycoproteins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/10—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by their source of isolation or production
    • C07K2317/14—Specific host cells or culture conditions, e.g. components, pH or temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07K—PEPTIDES
    • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
    • C07K2317/40—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by post-translational modification
    • C07K2317/41—Glycosylation, sialylation, or fucosylation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2500/00—Specific components of cell culture medium
    • C12N2500/05—Inorganic components
    • C12N2500/10—Metals; Metal chelators
    • C12N2500/20—Transition metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N2500/00—Specific components of cell culture medium
    • C12N2500/30—Organic components
    • C12N2500/34—Sugars

Definitions

  • the invention describes a method for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased Man5 and/or afucosylated glycoforms.
  • Protein glycosylation is one of the most important post-translation modifications associated with eukaryotic proteins.
  • the two major types of glycosylations in eukaryotic cells are N-linked glycosylation, in which glycans are attached to the asparagine of the recognition sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser, where "X" is any amino acid except proline, and O-linked glycosylation in which glycans are attached to serine or threonine.
  • N-linked glycans are of further two types - high mannose type consisting of two N- acetylglucosamines plus a large number of mannose residues (more than 4), and complex type that contain more than two N-acetylglucosamines plus any number of other types of sugars.
  • high mannose type consisting of two N- acetylglucosamines plus a large number of mannose residues (more than 4)
  • complex type that contain more than two N-acetylglucosamines plus any number of other types of sugars.
  • Macroheterogeneity results from the fact that not all N-glycan or O- glycan consensus sequences (Asn-X-Ser/Thr for N-glycan and serine or threonine for O-glycan present in the glycoproteins) may actually be glycosylated.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum where a complex set of reactions result in the attachment of Glc 3 NAc 2 Man 9 (3 glucose, 2 N-acetylglucosamine and 9 mannose) to a carrier molecule called dolichol, that is then transferred to the appropriate point on the polypeptide chain (Schwarz, F. and Aebi M., (2011) Current Opinion in Structural
  • the glycan complex so formed in the ER lumen is modified by action of enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. If the saccharide is relatively inaccessible, it is likely stay in the original high-mannose form. If it is accessible, then many of the mannose residues may be cleaved off and the saccharide further modified, resulting in the complex type N-glycans structure.
  • mannosidase-1 may cleave/hydrolyze a high mannose glycan, while further on,fucosyltransferase FUT-8 fucosylates the glycan in the medial-Go ⁇ g ⁇ (Hanrue Imai- Nishiya (2007), BMC Biotechnology, 7:84).
  • sugar composition as well as the structural configuration of a glycan structure depends on the protein being glycosylated, the cells/cell lines, the
  • glycosylation machinery in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi apparatus the accessibility of the machinery enzymes to the glycan structure, the order of action of each enzyme and the stage at which the protein is released from the glycosylation machinery.
  • external factors may also affect the glycan structure and composition of a protein. These include the conditions in which the cell line expressing the protein is cultured, such as the medium composition, the composition and timing of the feed, osmolality, pH, temperature etc.
  • hyperglycosylated erythropoietin by addition of manganese in the concentration range of 0.04-40 ⁇ .
  • glycoforms bearing mannose5 (Man5) glycans decreased from -25% to -14% in a medium of
  • US201 1 /0053223 discloses a cell culture process for accumulation of mannose5 bearing glycoforms by culturing cells in medium comprising manganese at a concentration of 0.25 ⁇ or less.
  • the structure and composition of the glycan moieties of a glycoprotein can have a profound effect on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic proteins, including its immunogenicity, solubility and half life.
  • Antibodies with high mannose content have become of interest because of the differential clearances of the antibodies bearing Man5 glycans and Man7, 8 or 9 glycans.
  • Studies by Wright and Morrison show faster clearances for antibodies bearing Man7, 8, 9 glycans when compared to Man5 glycans (Wright and Morrison, (1994), J. Exp. Med. 180:1087-1096, 1998, J. Imnnmology, 160:3393-3402).
  • the present invention describes a process of obtaining an antibody composition comprising an enhanced Man5 and/or afucosylated glycans. Further, the invention describes a method for enhancing Man5 glycans and afucosylated glycans in the antibody composition by culturing cells in a media supplemented with manganese.
  • the invention describes a process wherein cells are cultured in presence of manganese to obtain a glycoprotein composition having increased Man5 and/or afucosylatedglycoforms. Further, the method describes culturing cells in the presence of manganese and maintained pH to obtain glycoproteins with increased Man5 and afucosylated glycoforms.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on the viable cell count during culture processes, as described in examples 1 to 5.
  • Figure 2 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on Man5 and cumulative M6, M7 and M8 glycan content of the antibody composition obtained by processes described in examples 1 to 5.
  • Figure 3 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on Man5 and cumulative Man6, Man7, Man8 glycan ratio and afucosylation content of the antibody composition obtained by processes described in examples 1 to 5.
  • viability is defined as number of live cells in the total cell population. For e.g. by 35-40% viability it is meant that 35-40 percent of the cells are viable in the culture conditions at that point of time.
  • the "seeding density” is defined as the number of cells that are placed into a bioreactor during cell passage or during production stage.
  • osmolality as used herein is defined as a measure of the osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg) and may include ionized or non-ionized molecules and may change during the cell culture process for e.g. by addition of feed, salts, additives or metabolites.
  • temperature shift refers to any change in temperature during the cell culture process.
  • the initial temperature of the cell culture process is higher than the final temperature i.e. cells are subjected to a temperature downshift wherein cells are first cultured at a higher temperature for certain time period after which temperature is reduced, and cells are cultured at this lower temperature for a fixed period of time.
  • glycocan refers to a monosaccharide or polysaccharide moiety.
  • glycoprotein refers to protein or polypeptide having at least one glycan moiety.
  • glycoprotein any polypeptide attached to a saccharide moiety is termed as glycoprotein.
  • glycoform or “glycovariant” have been used interchangeably herein, and refers to various oligosaccharide entities or moieties linked in their entirety to the Asparagine 297 (as per Kabat numbering) of the human Fc region of the glycoprotein in question, co translationally or post translationally within a host cell.
  • the glycan moieties that may be added during protein glycosylation include M3, M4, M5-8, M3NAG etc. Examples of such glycans and their structures are listed in Table 1 . However, Table 1 may not be considered as limitation of this invention to these glycans.
  • glycoform composition or distribution as used herein pertains to the quantity or percentage of different glycoforms present in a glycoprotein.
  • high mannose glycovariant consists of glycan moieties comprising two N-acetylglucosamines and more than 4 mannose residues i.e. M5, M6, M7, and M8.
  • complex glycovariant as used herein consists of glycan moieties comprising any number of sugars.
  • “Afucosylatedgly covariants or glycoforms” described here consists of glycan moieties wherein fucose is not linked to the non reducing end of N-acetlyglucosamine except the high mannose forms (for e.g. M3NAG, G 0 , Gi A , Gi B , G 2 ).
  • Go as used herein refers to protein glycan not containing galactose at the terminal end of the glycan chain.
  • the present invention provides a cell culture method for obtaining a glycoprotein with increased percentage of Man5 and/or afucosylated glycoforms.
  • the invention provides a cell culture process comprising culturing cells in the presence of manganese and maintained pH to obtain a glycoprotein composition with increased Man5 and afucosylated glycoforms.
  • the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of Man5 glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
  • the osmolality of the medium is in the range of about 350mOsm/kg to about 600mOsm/Kg.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 8% to about 22% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 8% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % Man5 glycans.
  • glycoprotein composition comprises about 13% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 14% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 22% Man5 glycans.
  • the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of afucosylated glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 5.5% afucosylated glycans. In a further embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 6.5% afucosylated glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 9% afucosylated glycans. In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans.
  • the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of Man5 glycans and afucosylated glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
  • glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% afucosylated glycans and about 13% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 5.5% afucosylated glycans and about 8% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein composition comprises about 6.5% afucosylated glycans and about 14% Man5 glycans.
  • the glycoprotein comprises about 9% afucosylated glycans and about 1 1 % Man5 glycans. In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans and about 22% Man5 glycans.
  • the cell culture process comprises culturing cells at a pH of about 6.8 to about 7.2 wherein the preferable pH is about 7.2.
  • the cell culture medium comprises about 0.35 ⁇ to about 20 ⁇ Manganese.
  • the cell culture medium comprises about 1 ⁇ Manganese.
  • cell culture medium comprises about 2 ⁇
  • cell culture medium comprises about 20 ⁇ Manganese.
  • Examples of useful salts of divalent manganese ions include, but are not limited to, manganese sulphate and manganese chloride.
  • the cell culture process may be additionally accompanied by shift in temperature and addition of nutrient feed wherein the shift in temperature is towards lower values.
  • the cells may first be cultured at a temperature of about 35 °C - 37°C followed by lowering of temperatures by about 2-7°C.
  • the cells may be cultured at about 37°C followed by shifting the temperature to 35 °C.
  • cells may be cultured at about 37°C followed by shifting the temperature to 33 °C.
  • the pH in the cell culture media may be maintained by adding base to the cell culture medium for e.g. sodium carbonate.
  • the cell culture media that are useful in the application include but are not limited to, the commercially available products PF CHO (HyClone ® ), PowerCHO ® 2 (Lonza), Zap-CHO (Invitria), CD CHO, CDOptiCHOTM and CHO-S-SFMII (Invitrogen), ProCHOTM (Lonza), CDM4CHOTM (Hyclone), DMEM (Invitrogen), DMEM/F12
  • the feeds in the present invention may be added in a continuous, profile or a bolus manner. Also it may be that one or more feeds are in one manner (e.g. profile mode) and others are in second mode (e.g. bolus or continuous mode). Further, the feed may be composed of nutrients or other medium components that have been depleted of metabolized by the cells. It may include hormones, growth factors, ions, vitamins, nucleoside, nucleotides, trace elements, amino acids, lipids or glucose. These supplementary components may be added at one time or in series of additions to replenish. Thus feed can be a solution of depleted nutrient(s), mixture of nutrient(s) or a mixture of cell culture medium/feed providing such nutrient(s). In one aspect of the invention, concentrated basal media may be used as a feed while in the other specific commercial feeds may be added to the cell culture medium.
  • An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6 g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg.
  • the medium is supplemented with manganese at concentration of 2 ⁇ (IIA) or 20 ⁇ (MB).
  • the feed (4% v/v of 4X POWER CHO) is added at 48 and 72 hrs.
  • An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6 g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg.
  • the feed (8% v/v of IS F1 1 .3, Irvine Scientific) is added at 48 and 72hrs.
  • feed (8% v/v of IS F1 1 .3) is added with simultaneous shifting of temperature to 35°C.
  • More feeds (8% v/v each) are added at 120 hrs and 144 hrs.
  • the cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability (II IA).
  • II IA 50% viability
  • the above process is performed as disclosed, except cell culture medium is supplemented with 2 ⁇ Manganese and cells are harvested at 50% viability (1MB).
  • the antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table I I.
  • the viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content are disclosed in figures 1 , 2 and 3.
  • Example IV An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg.
  • the medium is supplemented with manganese at concentration of 1 ⁇ (IVA) or 2 ⁇ (IVB).
  • the feed (4% of 4X POWER CHO) is added at 48 and 72hrs.
  • feed 4% of 4X POWER CHO
  • the cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability.
  • the antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table I I.
  • the viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content has been disclosed in figures 1 , 2 and 3.
  • An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No. 5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 3g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg.
  • the feed 4% v/v of 4X POWER CHOand 3 g/L galactose
  • temperature is shifted to 31 °C followed by addition of feed. More feeds are added at 96 hrs, 120 hrs and 144 hrs.
  • the cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability (VA).

Abstract

Provided is a method for producing glycoprotein composition with an increased percentage of Man5 and/or afucosylated glycans. Use of manganese for increasing the percentage of Man5 and afucosylated glycans in glycoprotein composition is further provided.

Description

PROCESS OF MODULATING MAN5 AND/OR AFUCOSYLATION CONTENT OF
GLYCOPROTEIN COMPOSITION
RELATED APPLICATION
This application is related to and takes priority from Indian Provisional
Application 334/CHE/2012 filed 30 January, 2012 and is herein incorporated in its entirety.
BACKGROUND
The invention describes a method for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased Man5 and/or afucosylated glycoforms.
Protein glycosylation is one of the most important post-translation modifications associated with eukaryotic proteins. The two major types of glycosylations in eukaryotic cells are N-linked glycosylation, in which glycans are attached to the asparagine of the recognition sequence Asn-X-Thr/Ser, where "X" is any amino acid except proline, and O-linked glycosylation in which glycans are attached to serine or threonine. N-linked glycans are of further two types - high mannose type consisting of two N- acetylglucosamines plus a large number of mannose residues (more than 4), and complex type that contain more than two N-acetylglucosamines plus any number of other types of sugars. In both N- and O-glycosylation, there is usually a range of glycan structures associated with each site (microheterogeneity). Macroheterogeneity results from the fact that not all N-glycan or O- glycan consensus sequences (Asn-X-Ser/Thr for N-glycan and serine or threonine for O-glycan present in the glycoproteins) may actually be glycosylated. This may be a consequence of the competitive action of diverse enzymes during biosynthesis and are key to understanding glycoprotein heterogeneity (Marino, K., (2010) Nature Chemical Biology 6, 713-723). The process of N-linked glycosylation begins co-translationally in the
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) where a complex set of reactions result in the attachment of Glc3NAc2Man9 (3 glucose, 2 N-acetylglucosamine and 9 mannose) to a carrier molecule called dolichol, that is then transferred to the appropriate point on the polypeptide chain (Schwarz, F. and Aebi M., (2011) Current Opinion in Structural
l Biology, 21:576-582 &Burda, P. &Aebi M., { 1999) Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)General Subjects Volume 1426, Issue 2, Pages 239-257). The glycan complex so formed in the ER lumen is modified by action of enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. If the saccharide is relatively inaccessible, it is likely stay in the original high-mannose form. If it is accessible, then many of the mannose residues may be cleaved off and the saccharide further modified, resulting in the complex type N-glycans structure. In the c/'s-Golgi, mannosidase-1 may cleave/hydrolyze a high mannose glycan, while further on,fucosyltransferase FUT-8 fucosylates the glycan in the medial-Go\g\ (Hanrue Imai- Nishiya (2007), BMC Biotechnology, 7:84).
Thus the sugar composition as well as the structural configuration of a glycan structure depends on the protein being glycosylated, the cells/cell lines, the
glycosylation machinery in the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, the accessibility of the machinery enzymes to the glycan structure, the order of action of each enzyme and the stage at which the protein is released from the glycosylation machinery.
In addition to the "in vivo" factors listed above, "external factors" may also affect the glycan structure and composition of a protein. These include the conditions in which the cell line expressing the protein is cultured, such as the medium composition, the composition and timing of the feed, osmolality, pH, temperature etc.
Studies by Kaufman et al and Yoon et a/ show a reduction in protein sialylation upon decrease in temperature {Kaufman, H., MazurX., Fussenegger, M., Bailey, J.E., (1999) Biotechnol Bioeng. 63, 573-578; Trummer, E., Fauland, K., et.al. (2006)
BiotechnolBioeng.94 1045-1052); Yoon S.K., Song, J. Y., Lee, G.M., (2003) Biotechnol Bioeng. 82: 289-298). Further, reducing temperature can increase overall protein production by prolonging cell viability, which should, in principle, improve glycosylation. (Moore A, Mercer J, Dutina G, Donahue CJ, Bauer KD, Mather JP, Etcheverry T, Ryll T. (1997), Cytotechnology. 23:47-54).
Likewise, Borys et al has shown that a deviation from optimum pH results in decrease in the expression rate as well as the extent of glycosylation of proteins {Borys M.C., Linzer, D.I.H., Papoutsakis (1993), BlO/technology 11 720-724). The culture pH of a hybridoma cell line has been shown to affect the resulting galactosylation and sialylation of the monoclonal antibody (Muthing J, Kemminer SE, Conradt HS, Sagi D, Nimtz M, Karst U, Peter- Katalinic J. (2003) Biotechnol Bioeng 83:321-334).
Further, methods for altering glycosylation by culturing cells expressing glycoproteins in cell culture medium comprising metal ions, in particular manganese, have been described. Crowell et al. has shown that the addition of manganese to the cell cultures increased galactosylation which in turn facilitated an increase in O- and N- linked glycosylation (Crowell CK, Grampp GE, Rogers GN, Miller J, Scheinman Ri, (2007), Biotechnol Bioeng. 96:538-549).
US7, 972,810 describes a process for increasing the sialylation in
hyperglycosylated erythropoietin by addition of manganese in the concentration range of 0.04-40μΜ.
Studies by Pacis et al. show a decrease in mannose glycoforms upon
supplementing cell culture medium with manganese. In particular glycoforms bearing mannose5 (Man5) glycans decreased from -25% to -14% in a medium of
~400mOsm/Kg and from -13% to -5% in a medium of ~300mOsm/Kg upon
supplementation with 1 μΜ Manganese (Pacis, E., Yu, M., Autsen, J., Bayer, R. and Li, F. (2011), Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 108: 2348-2358. doi: 10.1002/bit.23200). Likewise, US201 1 /0053223 discloses a cell culture process for accumulation of mannose5 bearing glycoforms by culturing cells in medium comprising manganese at a concentration of 0.25 μΜ or less.
The structure and composition of the glycan moieties of a glycoprotein can have a profound effect on the safety and efficacy of therapeutic proteins, including its immunogenicity, solubility and half life. Antibodies with high mannose content have become of interest because of the differential clearances of the antibodies bearing Man5 glycans and Man7, 8 or 9 glycans. Studies by Wright and Morrison show faster clearances for antibodies bearing Man7, 8, 9 glycans when compared to Man5 glycans (Wright and Morrison, (1994), J. Exp. Med. 180:1087-1096, 1998, J. Imnnmology, 160:3393-3402). Further, high mannose antibodies that were generated with
kifunensine treatment showed higher ADCC activity and greater affinity to FCYRIIIA (Zhou Q. et al., (2008), Biotechnol Bioeng 99(3):652-665). Binding to the Fcylll receptor is dependent on the fucose content of the Fc glycans where a reduction in fucose can increase effector function. Fucose-deficient IgGI s have shown a significant enhancement of ADCC up to 100-fold (Mori K, (2007), Cytotechnology 55(2-3) : 109- 114. and Shields RL. (2002), J BiolChem 277(30) :26733-26740). As afucosyl antibodies have become recognized as having potentially higher therapeutic potency due to enhanced ADCC function, high mannose antibodies, in particular antibody composition with increase Man5 glycan which also lack fucose can be of immense therapeutic benefit.
The present invention describes a process of obtaining an antibody composition comprising an enhanced Man5 and/or afucosylated glycans. Further, the invention describes a method for enhancing Man5 glycans and afucosylated glycans in the antibody composition by culturing cells in a media supplemented with manganese.
SUMMARY
The invention describes a process wherein cells are cultured in presence of manganese to obtain a glycoprotein composition having increased Man5 and/or afucosylatedglycoforms. Further, the method describes culturing cells in the presence of manganese and maintained pH to obtain glycoproteins with increased Man5 and afucosylated glycoforms. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on the viable cell count during culture processes, as described in examples 1 to 5.
Figure 2 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on Man5 and cumulative M6, M7 and M8 glycan content of the antibody composition obtained by processes described in examples 1 to 5.
Figure 3 is an illustration of effects of Manganese on Man5 and cumulative Man6, Man7, Man8 glycan ratio and afucosylation content of the antibody composition obtained by processes described in examples 1 to 5.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Definitions The "viable cell count" or "cell viability" is defined as number of live cells in the total cell population. For e.g. by 35-40% viability it is meant that 35-40 percent of the cells are viable in the culture conditions at that point of time.
The "seeding density" is defined as the number of cells that are placed into a bioreactor during cell passage or during production stage.
The term "osmolality" as used herein is defined as a measure of the osmoles of solute per kilogram of solvent (osmol/kg) and may include ionized or non-ionized molecules and may change during the cell culture process for e.g. by addition of feed, salts, additives or metabolites. The term "temperature shift" as used herein refers to any change in temperature during the cell culture process. For the purpose of this invention, the initial temperature of the cell culture process is higher than the final temperature i.e. cells are subjected to a temperature downshift wherein cells are first cultured at a higher temperature for certain time period after which temperature is reduced, and cells are cultured at this lower temperature for a fixed period of time.
The term "glycan" refers to a monosaccharide or polysaccharide moiety.
The term "glycoprotein" refers to protein or polypeptide having at least one glycan moiety. Thus, any polypeptide attached to a saccharide moiety is termed as glycoprotein. The term "glycoform" or "glycovariant" have been used interchangeably herein, and refers to various oligosaccharide entities or moieties linked in their entirety to the Asparagine 297 (as per Kabat numbering) of the human Fc region of the glycoprotein in question, co translationally or post translationally within a host cell. The glycan moieties that may be added during protein glycosylation include M3, M4, M5-8, M3NAG etc. Examples of such glycans and their structures are listed in Table 1 . However, Table 1 may not be considered as limitation of this invention to these glycans.
The "glycoform composition" or distribution as used herein pertains to the quantity or percentage of different glycoforms present in a glycoprotein.
Figure imgf000007_0001
As used herein, "high mannose glycovariant" consists of glycan moieties comprising two N-acetylglucosamines and more than 4 mannose residues i.e. M5, M6, M7, and M8.
The "complex glycovariant" as used herein consists of glycan moieties comprising any number of sugars.
"Afucosylatedgly covariants or glycoforms" described here, consists of glycan moieties wherein fucose is not linked to the non reducing end of N-acetlyglucosamine except the high mannose forms (for e.g. M3NAG, G0, GiA, GiB, G2).
Go as used herein refers to protein glycan not containing galactose at the terminal end of the glycan chain.
The present invention provides a cell culture method for obtaining a glycoprotein with increased percentage of Man5 and/or afucosylated glycoforms. In particular, the invention provides a cell culture process comprising culturing cells in the presence of manganese and maintained pH to obtain a glycoprotein composition with increased Man5 and afucosylated glycoforms.
Various methods described in the art such as Wuhreret. al., Ruhaak L.R., and Geoffrey et. al. can be used for assessing glycovariants present in a glycoprotein composition (Wuhrer M. et al., Journal of Chromatography B, 2005, Vol.825, Issue 2, pages 124-133; Ruhaak L.R., Anal Bioanal Chem, 2010, Vol. 397:3457-3481 and Geoffrey, R. G. et. al. Analytical Biochemistry 1996, Vol. 240, pages 210-226).
In a first embodiment, the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of Man5 glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
b) at a pH about 6.8 to about 7.2
c) recovering the protein from the cell culture.
In a further embodiment, the osmolality of the medium is in the range of about 350mOsm/kg to about 600mOsm/Kg. In an embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 8% to about 22% Man5 glycans.
In another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 8% Man5 glycans.
In yet another embodiment of the invention the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % Man5 glycans.
In further embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 13% Man5 glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 14% Man5 glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 22% Man5 glycans.
In a second embodiment, the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of afucosylated glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
b) at pH of about 6.8 to about 7.2
c) recovering the protein from the cell culture
In an embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans.
In another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 5.5% afucosylated glycans. In a further embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 6.5% afucosylated glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 9% afucosylated glycans. In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans.
In a third embodiment, the present invention provides a cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition with increased percentage of Man5 glycans and afucosylated glycans comprising, culturing cells expressing said glycoprotein, a) in a medium comprising manganese
b) at pH of about 6.8 to about 7.2
c) recovering the protein from the cell culture In an embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about
1 1 % afucosylated glycans and about 8% to about 22% Man5 glycans.
In another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% afucosylated glycans and about 13% Man5 glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 5.5% afucosylated glycans and about 8% Man5 glycans.
In a further embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 6.5% afucosylated glycans and about 14% Man5 glycans.
In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein comprises about 9% afucosylated glycans and about 1 1 % Man5 glycans. In yet another embodiment the glycoprotein composition comprises about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans and about 22% Man5 glycans.
In another embodiment the cell culture process comprises culturing cells at a pH of about 6.8 to about 7.2 wherein the preferable pH is about 7.2. In another embodiment the cell culture medium comprises about 0.35 μΜ to about 20 μΜ Manganese.
In yet another embodiment, the cell culture medium comprises about 1 μΜ Manganese.
In yet another embodiment, cell culture medium comprises about 2 μΜ
Manganese.
In yet another embodiment, cell culture medium comprises about 20 μΜ Manganese.
Examples of useful salts of divalent manganese ions include, but are not limited to, manganese sulphate and manganese chloride.
In embodiments the cell culture process may be additionally accompanied by shift in temperature and addition of nutrient feed wherein the shift in temperature is towards lower values.
The cells may first be cultured at a temperature of about 35 °C - 37°C followed by lowering of temperatures by about 2-7°C.
In particular the cells may be cultured at about 37°C followed by shifting the temperature to 35 °C. In an alternate, cells may be cultured at about 37°C followed by shifting the temperature to 33 °C.
The pH in the cell culture media may be maintained by adding base to the cell culture medium for e.g. sodium carbonate.
The cell culture media that are useful in the application include but are not limited to, the commercially available products PF CHO (HyClone®), PowerCHO® 2 (Lonza), Zap-CHO (Invitria), CD CHO, CDOptiCHO™ and CHO-S-SFMII (Invitrogen), ProCHO™ (Lonza), CDM4CHO™ (Hyclone), DMEM (Invitrogen), DMEM/F12
(Invitrogen), Ham's F10 (Sigma), Minimal Essential Media (Sigma), and RPMI -1 640 (Sigma).
The feeds in the present invention may be added in a continuous, profile or a bolus manner. Also it may be that one or more feeds are in one manner (e.g. profile mode) and others are in second mode (e.g. bolus or continuous mode). Further, the feed may be composed of nutrients or other medium components that have been depleted of metabolized by the cells. It may include hormones, growth factors, ions, vitamins, nucleoside, nucleotides, trace elements, amino acids, lipids or glucose. These supplementary components may be added at one time or in series of additions to replenish. Thus feed can be a solution of depleted nutrient(s), mixture of nutrient(s) or a mixture of cell culture medium/feed providing such nutrient(s). In one aspect of the invention, concentrated basal media may be used as a feed while in the other specific commercial feeds may be added to the cell culture medium.
Certain aspects and embodiments of the invention are more fully defined by reference to the following examples. These examples should not, however, be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example I
An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No. 5821337which is incorporated herein by reference. The production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6 g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg. The feed (4% v/v 4X POWER CHO) is added at 48 and 72hrs. At 96 hrs feed (4% v/v 4X POWER CHO) is added with a simultaneous shifting of temperature to 33°C. The cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability. The antibody (I) yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table II. The viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content are disclosed in Figures 1 , 2 and 3.
Example II
An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference. The production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6 g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg. The medium is supplemented with manganese at concentration of 2 μΜ (IIA) or 20 μΜ (MB). The feed (4% v/v of 4X POWER CHO) is added at 48 and 72 hrs. At 96 hrs feed (4% v/v of 4X POWER CHO) is added with a simultaneous shifting of temperature to 33°C. The cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability. The antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table I I. The viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content are disclosed in Figures 1 , 2 and 3. Example III
An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference. The production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6 g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg. The feed (8% v/v of IS F1 1 .3, Irvine Scientific) is added at 48 and 72hrs. At 96 hrs feed (8% v/v of IS F1 1 .3) is added with simultaneous shifting of temperature to 35°C. More feeds (8% v/v each) are added at 120 hrs and 144 hrs. The cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability (II IA). In an alternate, the above process is performed as disclosed, except cell culture medium is supplemented with 2 μΜ Manganese and cells are harvested at 50% viability (1MB). The antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table I I. The viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content are disclosed in figures 1 , 2 and 3.
Example IV An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No.5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference. The production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 6g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg. The medium is supplemented with manganese at concentration of 1 μΜ (IVA) or 2μΜ (IVB). The feed (4% of 4X POWER CHO) is added at 48 and 72hrs. At 96 hrs feed (4% of 4X POWER CHO) is added with a simultaneous shifting of temperature to 35°C. The cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability. The antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table I I. The viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation contenthas been disclosed in figures 1 , 2 and 3.
Example V
An anti-HER2 antibody was cloned and expressed in a CHO cell line as described in U.S. Patent No. 5821337 which is incorporated herein by reference. The production bio-reactor is initiated with the rCHO cells at seeding density of 0.4-0.6 million cells/ml in POWER CHO2 (Lonza, Catalog no: 12-771 Q) media containing 3g/L galactose at 37°C and pH 7.2 at an osmolality of 290-370 mOsm/Kg. The feed (4% v/v of 4X POWER CHOand 3 g/L galactose) is added at 48 hrs. At 72 hrs temperature is shifted to 31 °C followed by addition of feed. More feeds are added at 96 hrs, 120 hrs and 144 hrs. The cells are further cultured and harvested at 50% viability (VA).
In an alternate, the above process is performed as disclosed, except cell culture medium is supplemented with 0.7 μΜ Manganese and cells are harvested at 50% viability (VB). The antibody yield at harvest has been disclosed in Table II. The viable cell count, Man5 and afucosylation content has been disclosed in figures 1 , 2 and 3.
Figure imgf000014_0001

Claims

CLAIMS We claim:
1 . A cell culture process for obtaining a glycoprotein composition comprising
increased percentage of Man5 glycans and/or afucosylated glycans by culturing cells expressing said recombinant glycoprotein in culture medium comprising a) divalent manganese ion or its salts thereof
b) at a pH of about 6.8 to about 7.2
c) recovering the said glycoprotein from the said cell culture.
2. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans.
3. A process according to claiml , wherein the glycoprotein composition comprises about 8% to about 22% Man5 glycans.
4. A process according to claim 1 , wherein glycoprotein composition comprises about 4.5% to about 1 1 % afucosylated glycans and about 8% to about 22% Man5 glycans.
5. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the cell culture medium comprises
about 0.35 μΜ to about 20 μΜ Manganese.
6. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the said process further comprises
addition of a feed.
7. A process according to claim 1 , wherein the said process further comprises
subjecting cells to a temperature shift wherein cells are cultured a) at first temperature for a first period of time and b) at second temperature for a second period of time.
8. A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are cultured in step a) at about 35°C to about 37°C
9. A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are first cultured in step a) at about 37°C.
10. A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are first cultured in step b) at about 31 °C to about 35°C.
1 1 . A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are first cultured in step b) at about 35°C.
12. A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are first cultured in step b) at about 33°C.
13. A process according to claim 7, wherein cells are first cultured in step b) at about 31 °C.
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