WO2013007102A1 - 无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器 - Google Patents

无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013007102A1
WO2013007102A1 PCT/CN2012/000936 CN2012000936W WO2013007102A1 WO 2013007102 A1 WO2013007102 A1 WO 2013007102A1 CN 2012000936 W CN2012000936 W CN 2012000936W WO 2013007102 A1 WO2013007102 A1 WO 2013007102A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
brake
caliper
mounting plate
unsupported
plate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2012/000936
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王语风
汪世义
石潮
钱兴文
钟锐
Original Assignee
武汉元丰汽车零部件有限公司
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Application filed by 武汉元丰汽车零部件有限公司 filed Critical 武汉元丰汽车零部件有限公司
Publication of WO2013007102A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013007102A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/04—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by moving discs or pads away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders
    • F16D55/14—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by moving discs or pads away from one another against radial walls of drums or cylinders with self-tightening action, e.g. by means of coacting helical surfaces or balls and inclined surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/02—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members
    • F16D55/22—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads
    • F16D55/224—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members
    • F16D55/225—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads
    • F16D55/226—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes
    • F16D55/2265—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with axially-movable discs or pads pressed against axially-located rotating members by clamping an axially-located rotating disc between movable braking members, e.g. movable brake discs or brake pads with a common actuating member for the braking members the braking members being brake pads in which the common actuating member is moved axially, e.g. floating caliper disc brakes the axial movement being guided by one or more pins engaging bores in the brake support or the brake housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/005—Components of axially engaging brakes not otherwise provided for
    • F16D65/0087—Brake housing guide members, e.g. caliper pins; Accessories therefor, e.g. dust boots
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/02—Braking members; Mounting thereof
    • F16D65/12—Discs; Drums for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D65/00—Parts or details
    • F16D65/14—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position
    • F16D65/16—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake
    • F16D65/18—Actuating mechanisms for brakes; Means for initiating operation at a predetermined position arranged in or on the brake adapted for drawing members together, e.g. for disc brakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
    • F16D2069/004—Profiled friction surfaces, e.g. grooves, dimples
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/02—Fluid pressure

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of brakes for vehicles, and more particularly to an unsupported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake with a bracket removed. Background technique
  • the commonly used floating pneumatic caliper disc brakes are mainly composed of a caliper body, a separate bracket, a brake actuator, an inner friction plate, an outer friction plate and the like. If it is necessary to mount the pneumatic caliper disc brake on the axle, one piece is needed.
  • a conventional mounting plate welded to the axle is used as a transitional connection, and the bracket is fastened to the mounting plate by a plurality of threaded holes.
  • the brake actuator pushes the inner friction plate toward the left side of the figure.
  • the inner friction plate contacts the brake disc, it receives a reaction force to the right, which is finally transmitted to the brake caliper.
  • the brake caliper slides to the right along the guide pin until the outer friction plate also contacts the brake disc.
  • the conventional floating pneumatic caliper disc brake has a bracket, and the bracket mainly functions as a caliper transition connection and a friction lining guide support.
  • the mounting plate is connected to the axle, the bracket The guide pin is fastened to the mounting bracket by the screw through hole, and the two pairs of horn-shaped protrusions of the bracket also have lateral and vertical working faces for the support of the friction plate and The rotation is stopped, and finally the brake caliper is mounted on the guide pin for sliding, and the friction plate is supported by the bracket and the sliding guide.
  • the role of the bracket is limited to the fixing and connection, but the conventional floating pneumatic caliper disc brakes require a large volume and weight, resulting in cost increase and assembly complexity. Therefore, in the development of the brake, Cancel the design concept of the bracket.
  • the patent combines the function of the mounting plate and the bracket, but the shape of the new mounting plate borrows the structure of the original bracket, the shape is very complicated, the processing difficulty, the overall cost and the assembly weight cannot be Significant improvements have been made.
  • the rigidity of the open-type friction vane guiding structure is poor, so that the outer diameter of the friction disc is reduced, and the long-term use is prone to eccentric wear and abnormal braking.
  • the designer of the present invention invented a non-supported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake by technological innovation, and the mounting plate has a simple shape, and the friction lining is attached to the window of the caliper for sliding. While reducing the cost of the brake, the rigidity of the brake caliper is also ensured, the jam of the brake and the eccentric wear of the friction plate are prevented, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a bracketless floating pneumatic caliper disc brake, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenient assembly, convenient maintenance, elimination of the bracket, saving cost and assembly steps, and at the same time ensuring braking performance and eliminating Cancel the negative effects of the bracket.
  • an unsupported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake comprising a mounting plate 1, a brake caliper assembly 2, two guide pins 3, a screw 4, a friction plate 5, and a compression spring. 6 and pressure plate 7, characterized by:
  • the independent bracket is removed, and the mounting plate 1 has a central through hole for centering on the non-steering axle, and the brake caliper assembly 2 is directly fixed to the mounting plate 1 through the guide pin 3.
  • window 2a in the middle of the brake caliper assembly 2, and the X and Y faces of the window 2a are faces for the support of the friction plate, and the window 2a is inclined with respect to the brake clamping direction.
  • the inclination angle 2b of the inclination is 3-10 degrees.
  • the friction plate 5 includes a steel back 5b, a guiding surface 5c and a friction portion 5d.
  • the steel back 5b is provided with a mounting lug 5a.
  • the lower portion of the mounting lug 5a is attached to the X surface of the brake caliper window.
  • the lower two sides of the 5a are not perpendicular to the thickness direction of the steel back, and there is an inclination angle, whereby the friction piece 5 is attached to the 'face of the brake caliper window after the friction plate 5 is assembled.
  • the two guide pins 3 have screw holes, and the screws 4 pass through the screw holes to fix the guide pins 3 to the brake caliper assembly 2.
  • a boss is provided at the top end of the guide pin 3, and the boss cooperates with the sinking la on the mounting plate 1 to provide a centering action.
  • the mounting plate is a plate-like structure; on the steering wheel, the mounting plate is integrated on the knuckle.
  • the unsupported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake of the present invention can achieve the following technical effects -
  • the inclined guide window is adopted to reduce the eccentric wear of the friction plate when applied to the single-piston pneumatic disc brake: in the single push rod brake, since there is only one brake piston, the friction plate is easy to oscillate during the pushing process. Due to the turning pressure generated by the braking torque, the sliding resistance of the friction plate steel on the outlet side is increased, resulting in a decrease in the brake positive pressure on the outlet side friction plate, and the inlet side friction plate is relatively worn, after a long time of use. Partial wear occurs.
  • the frictional sliding guide window is designed to be at an angle with the braking direction (Fig.), thereby reducing the frictional resistance of the friction plate steel back on the outlet side, and finally ensuring uniform wear of the friction plate;
  • the deformation condition of the caliper body when it is subjected to the braking torque is improved.
  • the current design has eliminated the bracket.
  • the braking torque of the brake disc is transmitted to the window of the brake caliper through the friction lining, so the caliper load requirement is higher than that of the conventional brake.
  • the guide pin of the brake By designing the guide pin of the brake to be inclined, the component of the braking torque on the guide pin also promotes the clamping slip of the caliper body. And reduce the possibility of deformation of the caliper guide pin hole.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the unsupported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a top view of the unsupported floating air pressure caliper disc brake of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view showing a circled portion of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing the brake caliper of the present invention in the B-B direction of Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 5A shows a schematic view of a friction lining of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5B shows a cross-sectional view taken along the line A-A in Fig. 5A.
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing the frictional force of the friction plate of the unsupported floating pneumatic caliper disc brake of the present invention. detailed description
  • a bracketless floating pneumatic caliper disc brake of the present invention comprising a mounting plate 1, a brake caliper assembly 2, two guide pins 3, a screw 4, a friction plate 5, and a compression spring 6 And pressure plate 7.
  • the mounting plate is a plate-like structure as shown; on the steering wheel, the mounting plate is integrated on the steering knuckle, and the mounting plate 1 has a central through hole for the non-steering vehicle
  • the centering of the bridge, optionally, the form of the mounting plate 1 is not limited to this.
  • the mounting plate is similar in form to the steering knuckle, and the mounting plate 1 is provided with mounting holes (not shown) on both sides thereof. This mounting hole is fixed for the guide pin 3.
  • the caliper assembly 2 is provided with pin holes on both sides thereof, and the pin holes are located corresponding to the positions of the mounting holes for the guide pins 3 to be fixed to the mounting plate through the pin holes aligned with the mounting holes, thereby The brake caliper assembly 2 can be fixed directly to the mounting plate 1 by means of the guide pin 3 without the need for the bracket to provide mounting and fixing as an intermediate piece.
  • the two guide pins 3 have screw holes, and the screws 4 pass through the screw holes to fix the guide pin 3 to the mounting plate 1.
  • a boss is provided at the top end of the guide pin 3, the boss and the mounting plate The sinking la on 1 cooperates with each other to provide a centering effect, see Figure 3.
  • a window 2a is present in the middle portion thereof, and the X-face and the Y-plane of the window 2a are faces for guiding the friction plate support, and the window is inclined with respect to the brake clamping direction, the inclination angle 2b
  • the size is preferably 3 to 10 degrees (the specific degree is canceled), and it is more preferable that the inclination angle 2b is 5 to 8 degrees (the specific degree is canceled).
  • the screw holes of the guide pin 3 are also inclined.
  • the friction plate 5 comprises a steel back 5b, a guiding surface 5c and a friction portion 5d.
  • a mounting lug 5a is provided on the steel back 5b, and the lower portion of the mounting lug 5a Fitted with the X surface of the caliper window, the lower sides of the mounting ears 5a are not perpendicular to the thickness of the steel back, and there is a tilt An oblique angle, whereby after the friction plate 5 is assembled, the friction plate 5 is brought into contact with the Y surface of the brake caliper window, whereby it can be seen that the friction plate is inclined with respect to the portion of the window in which the two sides of the sliding direction are attached to the window. of.
  • the brake friction torque of the brake disc to the friction lining is also transferred to the brake caliper. Since the brake caliper is connected to the mounting plate by the guide pin, the torque is eventually transferred to the guide pin and the caliper guide pin hole.
  • the guide pin design is tilted and its tilting tendency is opposite to the lateral pressure N of the caliper body. This tilting makes it easier for the caliper to return to position due to the lateral force skew, and to avoid sticking and slipping.
  • the assembly process of the brake on the whole vehicle includes the following steps:
  • the present invention can achieve the following advantages -
  • the brake caliper window provides the sliding guide of the friction plate: it avoids transferring the complicated structure of the original bracket to the mounting plate, further reducing the cost.
  • the window of the brake caliper is machined to be inclined: the force decomposition by the inclined window reduces the obstruction of the friction plate when it is pushed out on the rotating outlet side of the brake disk. The eccentric wear tendency of the friction lining is reduced when applied to a single piston brake. 4.
  • the guide pin of the brake is processed to be inclined: By the decomposition of the force, the force condition of the brake caliper is improved, and the brake stuck due to excessive deformation is avoided.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Abstract

一种无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器，该制动器包含安装板(1)、制动钳总成(2)、两个导向销(3)、螺钉(4)、摩擦片(5)、压簧(6)和压板(7)，安装板(1)上具有中心通孔，该中心通孔用于在非转向车桥上的定心，制动钳总成(2)直接通过导向销(3)固定在安装板(1)上。该制动器结构简单，组配方便，维护便利。由于其取消了支架，因此节约了成本和装配步骤。且该制动器保证了制动性能，消除了取消支架带来的负面影响。

Description

无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆的制动器领域， 尤其涉及一种取消了支架的无支架浮动 气压钳盘式制动器。 背景技术
在车辆行驶中，制动器作为重要的部件，一直是车辆设计的重点和难点， 而现有的制动器中， 气压钳盘式制动器相对于传统的鼓式制动器， 其具有制 动力矩稳定， 抗热衰退， 水衰退的能力非常优异等优点， 并且气压钳盘式制 动器能够方便地实现驻车以及摩擦片磨损自动补偿。 目前在城市公交车、 载 重货车上气压钳盘式制动器的应用已经非常广泛。但是妨碍气压盘式制动器 推广的因素仍然存在， 其中成本问题仍然是困扰气压钳盘式制动器的重要因 素之一。
常用的浮动气压钳盘式制动器主要由钳体， 独立支架， 制动执行机构， 内摩擦片，外摩擦片等部件组成，如需要将气压钳盘式制动器安装在车桥上， 还需要 1块焊接在桥轴上的传统安装板作为过渡连接， 支架通过多个螺纹孔 紧固在安装板上。 气压钳盘式制动器工作时， 制动执行机构将内摩擦片向图 示左侧推出。 当内摩擦片接触到制动盘后， 会受到向右的反作用力， 此力最 终传递到制动钳上。 最终使得制动钳沿着导向销向右滑动， 直至外摩擦片也 接触到制动盘。
这种传统的浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 都带有一个支架， 该支架的作用主 要是一个制动钳过渡连接和摩擦片导向支撑的作用， 通常来说， 安装板连接 于车桥上， 支架通过螺钉穿过孔连接在安装板上， 导向销又紧固在支架的羊 角状凸起上， 支架的 2对羊角状凸起还存在横向和竖向的加工面， 用于摩擦 片的支撑和止转， 最终制动钳安装在导向销上进行滑动， 摩擦片由支架进行 止转支撑和滑动导向。 而这种支架的作用也仅限于固定和连接， 但传统的浮动气压钳盘式制动 器的支架均需要体积和重量都比较大， 导致成本提高和装配复杂， 由此， 在 制动器发展中， 提出了取消支架的设计理念。
而在欧洲专利 EP0906856A2中， 该专利将安装板和支架功能复合在一起， 但是其中的新安装板的外形借用了原有支架的结构， 形状非常复杂， 加工难 度、 整体成本以及总成重量并不能得到明显的改善。 此外， 这种敞开式的摩 擦片导向结构的刚性不佳， 使得摩擦片外片承扭能力下降， 长期使用易出现 偏磨和制动异响。
由此可见， 无论是传统浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 还是现有的无支架气压 钳盘式制动器都存在一定的缺陷。
而本发明的设计者通过技术创新， 发明了一种无支架浮动气压钳盘式制 动器， 且安装板形状简单， 摩擦片依附在卡钳的窗口上进行滑动。 在降低了 制动器成本的同时， 也保证了制动钳的刚性， 防止了制动器的卡滞和摩擦片 的偏磨， 从而克服现有技术中的缺陷。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其结构简 单， 组配方便， 维护便利， 取消了支架， 节约了成本和装配步骤， 且同时还 保证了制动性能， 消除了取消支架的负面影响。
为实现上述目的， 本发明公幵了一种无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 该 制动器包含安装板 1、 制动钳总成 2、 两个导向销 3、 螺钉 4、 摩擦片 5、 压簧 6 和压板 7， 其特征在于：
取消独立支架， 安装板 1上具有中心通孔， 该中心通孔用于在非转向车 桥上的定心， 制动钳总成 2直接通过导向销 3固定在安装板 1上。
其中， 制动钳总成 2的中部存在窗口 2a， 窗口 2a的 X面和 Y面为供摩擦片 支撑导向的面， 且该窗口 2a相对于制动夹紧方向倾斜。
其中， 该倾斜的倾斜角 2b的大小为 3-10度。
其中， 摩擦片 5包含钢背 5b、 导向面 5c和摩擦部分 5d， 在钢背 5b上 设有挂耳 5a，该挂耳 5a的下部与制动钳窗口上的 X面贴合，该挂耳 5a的下 部两侧面相对于钢背厚度方向不垂直， 存在倾斜角度， 由此在将摩擦片 5装 配后， 该摩擦片 5与制动钳窗口的' 面贴合。 其中， 两个导向销 3具有螺钉孔， 螺钉 4穿过螺钉孔将导向销 3固定于 制动钳总成 2上。
其中， 在该导向销 3 的顶端设有凸台， 该凸台与安装版 1 上的沉台 la 相互配合以提供定心作用。
其中， 在非转向轮上， 安装板为板状结构； 在转向轮上， 安装板集成在 转向节上面。
通过上述结构， 本发明的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器能实现以下技术 效果-
1、 去除了传统浮动气压盘式制动器的支架， 导向销直接紧固在安装板 上， 同时在卡钳体的窗口上设计加工导向面， 用于取代独立支架的羊角状开 口， 用作摩擦片的支撑和导向；
2、 通过将部件功能进行复合中， 精简中间零件， 能够很大地降低气压 盘式制动器的成本， 促进它的进一步推广；
3、 采用了倾斜导向窗口， 减小在单活塞气压盘式制动器上应用时， 摩 擦片的偏磨：在单推杆制动器由于制动活塞只有一个，摩擦片在推出过程中， 易发生摆动。 由于制动力矩产生的翻转压力， 使得摩擦片钢背在出口侧的滑 动阻力增大， 从而导致在出口侧摩擦片的制动正压力减小， 进口侧摩擦片磨 损相对剧烈， 长时间使用后发生偏磨。 当前专利中， 通过将摩擦片滑动导向 窗口设计成与制动方向呈一定夹角 （附图） ， 从而减小摩擦片钢背在出口侧 的摩擦阻力， 最终保证摩擦片的均匀磨损；
4、 通过倾斜的导向销设计， 改善钳体承受制动力矩时的变形状况， 当 前的设计， 由于取消掉了支架。 除了制动时的夹紧反力， 制动盘的制动力矩 也会通过摩擦片传递到制动钳的窗口上， 因此制动钳的负载要求比传统制动 器更高。 通过将制动器的导向销设计成倾斜的， 使制动力矩在导向销上的分 力也能促使卡钳体的夹紧滑动。 并减小制动钳导向销孔变形的可能性。
本发明将通过下面的具体实施例进行进一步的详细描述， 且进一步结合 对附图的说明将得到更加清楚和明显的了解。 附图说明
图 1显示了的本发明的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器的结构示意图。 图 2显示了本发明的无支架浮动 ^气压钳盘式制动器的俯视图。 图 3显示了图 2圆圈部分的放大示意图。
图 4显示了本发明的制动钳在图 2的 B-B方向的剖视图。
图 5A显示了本发明的摩擦片的示意图。
图 5B显示了图 5A中 A- A方向的剖视图。
图 6显示了本发明的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器的钳体承受的摩擦片 翻转力的示意图。 具体实施方式
参见图 1-2， 显示了本发明的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 该制动器 包含安装板 1、 制动钳总成 2、 两个导向销 3、 螺钉 4、 摩擦片 5、 压簧 6和压板 7。
其中， 在非转向轮上， 安装板为图示的板状结构； 在转向轮上， 安装板 集成在转向节上面， 安装板 1上具有中心通孔， 该中心通孔用于在非转向车 桥上的定心， 可选的是， 安装板 1的形式不止于此， 对于转向轮制动器， 安 装板形式与转向节相似， 安装板 1的两侧还设有安装孔 （未示出） ， 该安装 孔供导向销 3固定。
其中， 制动钳总成 2的两侧设有销孔， 该销孔的位置与安装孔的位置相 对应以供导向销 3通过与安装孔对齐的销孔固定至安装板上， 由此， 制动钳 总成 2可直接通过导向销 3固定在安装板 1上， 而无需支架作为中间件提供安 装和固定。
其中， 两个导向销 3具有螺钉孔， 螺钉 4穿过螺钉孔将导向销 3固定于安 装板 1上， 优选的是， 在该导向销 3的顶端设有凸台， 该凸台与安装板 1上的 沉台 la相互配合， 以提供定心作用， 参见图 3。
参见图 4中的制动钳总成， 其中部存在窗口 2a， 窗口 2a的 X面和 Y面为供 摩擦片支撑导向的面， 且该窗口相对于制动夹紧方向倾斜， 该倾斜角 2b的大 小优选为 3-10度 （取消具体度数） ， 更优选的是， 该倾斜角 2b的大小为 5-8 度 （取消具体度数） 。
其中， 导向销 3的螺钉孔也是倾斜的。
参见图 5a和图 5b中的摩擦片 5， 该摩擦片 5包含钢背 5b、 导向面 5c和摩擦 部分 5d， 优选的是， 在钢背 5b上设有挂耳 5a， 该挂耳 5a的下部与制动钳窗口 上的 X面贴合， 该挂耳 5a的下部两侧面相对于钢背厚度方向不垂直， 存在倾 斜角度， 由此在将摩擦片 5装配后， 该摩擦片 5与制动钳窗口的 Y面贴合， 由 此可见， 摩擦片相对于其推出方向的两侧与窗口贴合的部分也是倾斜的。
其中， 压簧 6和压板 7的安装和位置与现有技术一致， 在此不再进行详细 描述。
参见图 6, 当制动盘如图示方向旋转时， 会对摩擦片 5施加一个力 T， 从 而使摩擦片在制动盘出口方向所受的侧向压力 Ν， 同时导致推出时摩擦片在 出口方向推出时受到的摩擦阻力 f。 最终使得摩擦片在出口方向对制动盘的 正压力里减小， 出口方向磨损相对较慢，从而导致偏磨。通过窗口倾斜设计， 摩擦片所受的侧向压力 N会能够分解出一部分力， 将摩擦片向制动盘方向推 动。 从而使得摩擦片在进口方向和出口方向的受力更均匀。
由于取消了独立的支架， 使得制动盘对摩擦片的制动摩擦力矩， 也会转 移到制动钳上。 而由于制动钳通过导向销连接在安装板上， 所以力矩最终会 转移到导向销和制动钳导向销孔上。 参见图 4， 通过将导向销设计倾斜的， 且其倾斜趋势与钳体侧向压力 N方向相反。 此种倾斜使钳体因为侧向力歪斜 之后， 更容易回位， 而避免发生卡滞滑动不畅。
该制动器在整车上的装配流程包含如下步骤：
1)先将安装板 1装配在车桥上；
2)将制动钳总成 2托举到销孔与安装板安装孔基本对齐的位置；
3)将导向销穿入销孔与安装孔对齐；
4)将螺钉传入导向销的内孔， 然后紧固到安装板上；
5)将制动钳拖滑至合适的位置， 装入内外摩擦片；
6)装配好压簧和压板。
通过上述描述可知， 本发明能实现以下优点-
1、 无支架： 由于取消了支架， 制动器的成本得到了较大的降低， 且结 构更加紧凑， 安装更加容易， 使得气压盘式制动器更易于推广。
2、 制动钳窗口提供摩擦片的滑动导向： 避免了将原支架的复杂结构转 移到安装板上， 进一步降低了成本。
3、 制动钳的窗口加工成倾斜的： 通过倾斜窗口的力分解， 减小了摩擦 片在制动盘旋转出口侧推出时所受的阻碍。 减小了应用在单活塞制动器上 时， 摩擦片的偏磨趋势。 4、 制动器的导向销加工成倾斜的： 通过力的分解， 改善制动钳的受力 状况， 避免因为过度变形产生的制动器卡滞拖磨。
显而易见的是， 以上的描述和记载仅仅是举例而不是为了限制本发明的公开 内容、 应用或使用。 虽然已经在实施例中描述过并且在附图中描述了实施例， 但 本发明不限制由附图示例和在实施例中描述的作为目前认为的最佳模式以实施本 发明的教导的特定例子， 本发明的范围将包括落入前面的说明书和所附的权利要 求的任何实施例。

Claims

1、 一种无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 该制动器包含安装板 （1 ) 、 制 动钳总成 （2) 、 两个导向销 （3 ) 、 螺钉 （4) 、 摩擦片 （5 ) 、 压簧 （6) 和压板 （7) ， 其特征在于：
取消独立支架， 安装板 （1 ) 上具有中心通孔， 该中心通孔用于在非转 向车桥上的定心， 制动钳总成 （2) 直接通过导向销 （3 ) 固定在安装板 1上。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其特征在于， 制 动钳总成 （2) 的中部存在窗口 （2a) ， 窗口 （2a) 的 X面和 Y面为供摩擦片 支撑导向的面， 且该窗口 （2a) 相对于制动夹紧方向倾斜。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其特征在于， 该 倾斜的倾斜角 （2b) 的大小为 3-10度。
4、 如权利要求 3 所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其特征在于， 摩擦片 （5 )包含钢背（5b) 、 导向面（5c)和摩擦部分（5d) ， 在钢背（5b) 上设有挂耳 （5a) ， 该挂耳 （5a) 的下部与制动钳窗口上的 X面贴合， 该挂 耳 （5a) 的下部两侧面相对于钢背厚度方向不垂直， 存在倾斜角度， 由此在 将摩擦片 （5 ) 装配后， 该摩擦片 （5 ) 与制动钳窗口的 Y面贴合。
5、 如权利要求 1、 2、 3或 4所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其 特征在于， 两个导向销（3 )具有螺钉孔， 螺钉（4)穿过螺钉孔将导向销（3 ) 固定于制动钳总成 （2) 上。
6、 如权利要求 5 所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其特征在于， 在该导向销 （3 ) 的顶端设有凸台， 该凸台与安装版 （1 ) 上的沉台 （la) 相 互配合以提供定心作用。
7、 如权利要求 1 所述的无支架浮动气压钳盘式制动器， 其特征在于， 在非转向轮上， 安装板为板状结构；在转向轮上， 安装板集成在转向节上面。
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