WO2012166747A2 - Multi-layer coating with cubic boron nitride particles - Google Patents
Multi-layer coating with cubic boron nitride particles Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012166747A2 WO2012166747A2 PCT/US2012/039894 US2012039894W WO2012166747A2 WO 2012166747 A2 WO2012166747 A2 WO 2012166747A2 US 2012039894 W US2012039894 W US 2012039894W WO 2012166747 A2 WO2012166747 A2 WO 2012166747A2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D3/00—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents
- B24D3/02—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent
- B24D3/04—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic
- B24D3/06—Physical features of abrasive bodies, or sheets, e.g. abrasive surfaces of special nature; Abrasive bodies or sheets characterised by their constituents the constituent being used as bonding agent and being essentially inorganic metallic or mixture of metals with ceramic materials, e.g. hard metals, "cermets", cements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/141—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness
- B23B27/143—Specially shaped plate-like cutting inserts, i.e. length greater or equal to width, width greater than or equal to thickness characterised by having chip-breakers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/148—Composition of the cutting inserts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24D—TOOLS FOR GRINDING, BUFFING OR SHARPENING
- B24D18/00—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for
- B24D18/0009—Manufacture of grinding tools or other grinding devices, e.g. wheels, not otherwise provided for using moulds or presses
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
- C04B35/583—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride
- C04B35/5831—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on boron nitride based on cubic boron nitrides or Wurtzitic boron nitrides, including crystal structure transformation of powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/04—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material
- C23C28/044—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C30/00—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process
- C23C30/005—Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process on hard metal substrates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
- B23B2200/081—Rake or top surfaces with projections
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
- B23B2200/086—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves
- B23B2200/087—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves for chip breaking
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
- B23B2200/204—Top or side views of the cutting edge with discontinuous cutting edge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
- B23B2200/20—Top or side views of the cutting edge
- B23B2200/205—Top or side views of the cutting edge with cutting edge having a wave form
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B2228/00—Properties of materials of tools or workpieces, materials of tools or workpieces applied in a specific manner
- B23B2228/10—Coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3817—Carbides
- C04B2235/3839—Refractory metal carbides
- C04B2235/3843—Titanium carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
- C04B2235/3856—Carbonitrides, e.g. titanium carbonitride, zirconium carbonitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/38—Non-oxide ceramic constituents or additives
- C04B2235/3852—Nitrides, e.g. oxynitrides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, lithium nitride, magnesium nitride
- C04B2235/3886—Refractory metal nitrides, e.g. vanadium nitride, tungsten nitride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/604—Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
- C04B2235/614—Gas infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/665—Local sintering, e.g. laser sintering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/667—Sintering using wave energy, e.g. microwave sintering
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/24—Cutters, for shaping with chip breaker, guide or deflector
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
- Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
- Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
Definitions
- Common applications where a coating is applied to a substrate to improve wear resistance of the substrate material include cutting tool inserts for the cutting of hard materials, such as steel.
- Common substrate materials for cutting tools may include, for example, hard metals of different particle sizes with a varied percentage of cobalt or nickel as a binder material.
- Boron nitride is a well-known material that, due to its thermal and chemical stability, is widely used in the fabrication of parts for high- temperature applications. It exists amorphously and in several crystalline forms. Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a crystalline form that, due to its very high hardness value and relatively low cost, is widely used in various cutting applications as an abrasive. Since it is relatively insoluble in iron, nickel, and related alloys at high temperature, it is widely used in place of diamond for the cutting and machining of steel.
- the art also includes various methods of coating parts, such as inserts for cutting tools and machines, with layers of cBN.
- the process used has been the application of cBN in pure, non-composite phase.
- This application of a pure cBN layer by vapor depositions is made with a coating thickness limited to less than about 2 to 3 microns. It has been found, however, that such a coating configuration has limitations for delivering multiple-functional requirements such as toughness, thermal stability, and wear resistance.
- This invention relates to a physical configuration of multiple-layer
- the coating is in stacked structure (one layer on the top of another layer) with one or more layers in composite form containing cBN particles.
- the number of the layers can be any integer more than one.
- the thickness of each individual layer can be, but not limited to, as thin as in the nanometer range, or as thick as in the range of a few microns and even up to tens of microns.
- the chemistry of the composite layer consists of any individual phase of (a) nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN); (b) carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC); and (c) oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 0 3 ) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles.
- nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN)
- carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC)
- oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al 2 0 3 ) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles.
- the coating or film can be stand-alone or on the substrate(s) of interest.
- the coating configuration delivers combinatorial functions including good thermal stability, toughness, and wear resistance.
- the coating presents opportunities for advanced manufacturing, wear-resistant tools, and other applications.
- the invention is directed to a multi-layer coated
- substrate comprising a substrate material chosen from the set consisting of ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) compacts, PCBN tips, cermets, and steels, a composite layer comprising cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and particles comprising a second material, wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides; and a ceramic layer adjacent to the composite layer, the ceramic layer comprising a third material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
- substrate material chosen from the set consisting of ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) compacts, PCBN tips, cermets, and steels
- cBN cubic boron nitride
- the invention is directed to a method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of spraying a first material comprising cBN particles as a coating preform on the substrate, infiltrating a second material wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides into the first material by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer, bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process, and spraying a third material onto the cBN composite layer to form a ceramic layer, wherein the third material comprises at least one material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
- CVI chemical vapor infiltration
- the invention is directed to a method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of spraying a first ceramic material onto the substrate to form a ceramic layer, wherein the ceramic material comprises at least one of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, spraying cBN particles onto the ceramic layer, infiltrating a second ceramic material into the cBN particles wherein the second ceramic material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and wherein the infiltration step is performed by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer, and bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process.
- CVI chemical vapor infiltration
- FIG. 1 is an illustration of a substrate with multiple coatings according to a first preferred embodiment of a coated substrate according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an illustration of a substrate with multiple coatings according to a second preferred embodiment of a coated substrate according to the present invention.
- the coating configuration may be: (1 ) a cBN-based composite coating in repetitive units with a ceramic layer as interfacial layer; (2) a cBN-based composite coating with different binder phases stacked in layered form on the composite coating; and (3) a cBN- based composite coating together with other layers of individual or combinatorial ceramic phases.
- the inventors have found that the resulting coated substrate provides enhanced performance with respect to wear resistance and tool life compared to previous coated substrates that incorporate cBN as a coating material, particular such tools as are used for cutting steel.
- Substrate 10 may be any material appropriate to the application, such as a ceramic material, a carbide, PCBN compacts or tips, cermet, or steel.
- carbides they can be any substrate with particle size from nano- to micro- sized range with 2% ⁇ 14% Co or Ni as binder.
- the carbides include any substrates with alloy phases such as TaC and TiC.
- they can be nitrides such as Si 3 N 4 of alpha and beta phases, oxides such as Al 2 0 3 with or without TiC, and enhancing agents such as SiC whiskers.
- the first coating layer on substrate 10 is layer 12, which is a composite layer comprising cBN particles, ranging from nanometer to microns, preferably in the range of 100nm to 4000nm.
- the composite may include, in addition to the cBN particles, various nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, and oxides in ratio of materials ranging from 20% to 60%, depending upon applications.
- Layer 14 is first stacked ceramic layer, which may be formed of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, oxides, or any combination of these materials.
- Layer 16 is a second stacked ceramic layer. It should be understood that in various embodiments, there may be only a single stacked ceramic layer, or there may be more than two of these layers.
- the invention also includes in other embodiments multiple repetitions of this structure, such as, for example, two groupings of layers one over the other, where each grouping comprises a composite cBN layer 12 and first and second stacked ceramic layers, with the thickness of each layer ranging from 200 nm to 10 microns.
- the composite cBN layer 12 has been deposited between the first and second ceramic layers 14 and 16.
- the composite cBN layer 12 thus serves as an interfacial layer between first and second ceramic layers 14 and 16.
- this coating configuration it can modify the tool wear profile.
- the coating configuration form can be produced by sequential
- This invention can be used for cutting tools, such as for inserts used for cutting tools and machines. It may also, however, be applied to other applications, where wear resistance, erosion prevention, or corrosion protection, or thermal protection are desired qualities.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)
- Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
A physical configuration of multiple-layer coatings formed with at least one layer of coating containing cubic born nitride (cBN) particles with one or more layers in composite form containing cBN particles may have a thickness of each individual layer as thin as in the nanometer range, or as thick as in the range of a few microns and even up to tens of microns. The chemistry of the composite layer consists of any individual phase of (a) nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN); (b) carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC); and (c) oxides such as aluminum oxide (AI2O3) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles. The coating or film can be stand-alone or on a substrate.
Description
MULTI-LAYER COATING WITH CUBIC BORON NITRIDE PARTICLES CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001 ] This application claims priority from U.S. provisional patent application no. 61/490,730, filed May 27, 201 1 , and entitled "Multiple-Layer Coating and/or Film Configuration Consisting of Cubic Boron Nitride (cBN) Particles"; and U.S. provisional patent application no. 61/490,719, also filed May 27, 201 1 , and entitled "Fabrication Process for Thick Cubic Boron Nitride (cBN) and Other Ceramic Based Coating and Film." Such applications are incorporated by reference as if set forth fully herein.
STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not applicable.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Coatings are effective for improving the performance of various
materials, such as for achieving better wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Common applications where a coating is applied to a substrate to improve wear resistance of the substrate material include cutting tool inserts for the cutting of hard materials, such as steel. Common substrate materials for cutting tools may include, for example, hard metals of different particle sizes with a varied percentage of cobalt or nickel as a binder material.
[0004] Boron nitride (BN) is a well-known material that, due to its thermal and chemical stability, is widely used in the fabrication of parts for high- temperature applications. It exists amorphously and in several crystalline forms. Cubic boron nitride (cBN) is a crystalline form that, due to its very high hardness value and relatively low cost, is widely used in various cutting
applications as an abrasive. Since it is relatively insoluble in iron, nickel, and related alloys at high temperature, it is widely used in place of diamond for the cutting and machining of steel.
[0005] The art also includes various methods of coating parts, such as inserts for cutting tools and machines, with layers of cBN. The process used has been the application of cBN in pure, non-composite phase. This application of a pure cBN layer by vapor depositions is made with a coating thickness limited to less than about 2 to 3 microns. It has been found, however, that such a coating configuration has limitations for delivering multiple-functional requirements such as toughness, thermal stability, and wear resistance.
These parameters are of critical importance in certain applications, such as in coatings for cutting tool inserts, and for this reason an improved coating material is with better toughness, thermal stability, and wear resistance is desired.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] This invention relates to a physical configuration of multiple-layer
coatings formed with at least one layer of coating containing cubic born nitride (cBN) particles in a composite rather than in a pure form. Specifically, the coating is in stacked structure (one layer on the top of another layer) with one or more layers in composite form containing cBN particles. In various embodiments, the number of the layers can be any integer more than one. The thickness of each individual layer can be, but not limited to, as thin as in the nanometer range, or as thick as in the range of a few microns and even up to tens of microns. The chemistry of the composite layer consists of any individual phase of (a) nitrides such as titanium nitride (TiN), titanium
carbonitride (TiCN), and hafnium nitride (HfN); (b) carbides such as titanium carbide (TiC); and (c) oxides such as aluminum oxide (Al203) or any combination of the above phases, in addition to cBN particles. The coating or film can be stand-alone or on the substrate(s) of interest.
[0007] The coating configuration delivers combinatorial functions including good thermal stability, toughness, and wear resistance. The coating presents opportunities for advanced manufacturing, wear-resistant tools, and other applications.
[0008] In a first aspect, the invention is directed to a multi-layer coated
substrate, comprising a substrate material chosen from the set consisting of ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) compacts, PCBN tips, cermets, and steels, a composite layer comprising cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and particles comprising a second material, wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides; and a ceramic layer adjacent to the composite layer, the ceramic layer comprising a third material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
[0009] In a second aspect, the invention is directed to a method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of spraying a first material comprising cBN particles as a coating preform on the substrate, infiltrating a second material wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides into the first material by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer, bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating,
laser radiation, and a hybrid process, and spraying a third material onto the cBN composite layer to form a ceramic layer, wherein the third material comprises at least one material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
[0010] In a third aspect, the invention is directed to a method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of spraying a first ceramic material onto the substrate to form a ceramic layer, wherein the ceramic material comprises at least one of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, spraying cBN particles onto the ceramic layer, infiltrating a second ceramic material into the cBN particles wherein the second ceramic material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and wherein the infiltration step is performed by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer, and bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process.
[001 1 ] These and other features, objects and advantages of the present
invention will become better understood from a consideration of the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments and appended claims in conjunction with the drawings as described following:
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] Fig. 1 is an illustration of a substrate with multiple coatings according to a first preferred embodiment of a coated substrate according to the present invention.
[0013] Fig. 2 is an illustration of a substrate with multiple coatings according to
a second preferred embodiment of a coated substrate according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)] According to various embodiments of the present invention as used in connection with a coated substrate, the coating configuration may be: (1 ) a cBN-based composite coating in repetitive units with a ceramic layer as interfacial layer; (2) a cBN-based composite coating with different binder phases stacked in layered form on the composite coating; and (3) a cBN- based composite coating together with other layers of individual or combinatorial ceramic phases. In each case, the inventors have found that the resulting coated substrate provides enhanced performance with respect to wear resistance and tool life compared to previous coated substrates that incorporate cBN as a coating material, particular such tools as are used for cutting steel.
] With reference to Fig. 1 , a first preferred embodiment of the present invention for use in connection with a cutting tool insert may be described. Substrate 10 may be any material appropriate to the application, such as a ceramic material, a carbide, PCBN compacts or tips, cermet, or steel. For carbides, they can be any substrate with particle size from nano- to micro- sized range with 2%~14% Co or Ni as binder. Further, the carbides include any substrates with alloy phases such as TaC and TiC. For ceramics, they can be nitrides such as Si3N4 of alpha and beta phases, oxides such as Al203 with or without TiC, and enhancing agents such as SiC whiskers. The first coating layer on substrate 10 is layer 12, which is a composite layer comprising cBN particles, ranging from nanometer to microns, preferably in
the range of 100nm to 4000nm. The composite may include, in addition to the cBN particles, various nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, and oxides in ratio of materials ranging from 20% to 60%, depending upon applications. Layer 14 is first stacked ceramic layer, which may be formed of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, oxides, or any combination of these materials. Layer 16 is a second stacked ceramic layer. It should be understood that in various embodiments, there may be only a single stacked ceramic layer, or there may be more than two of these layers. Further, the invention also includes in other embodiments multiple repetitions of this structure, such as, for example, two groupings of layers one over the other, where each grouping comprises a composite cBN layer 12 and first and second stacked ceramic layers, with the thickness of each layer ranging from 200 nm to 10 microns.
[0016] Referring now to Fig. 2, a second preferred embodiment of the
invention may be described where the ordering of layers has been modified. In this embodiment, the composite cBN layer 12 has been deposited between the first and second ceramic layers 14 and 16. The composite cBN layer 12 thus serves as an interfacial layer between first and second ceramic layers 14 and 16. Depending on the coating chemistry, with this coating configuration, it can modify the tool wear profile.
[0017] The coating configuration form can be produced by sequential
processes including, but not limited to, (A) spray deposition of cBN particles as a coating preform, and followed by chemical vapor infiltration of ceramic phase(s), then repeating the deposition and infiltration process; (B) vapor deposition (either physical vapor deposition or chemical vapor deposition or both) to create layers of ceramic phases, then spray or deposition of cBN
particles, followed by chemical vapor infiltration of ceramic phase(s); (C) molding or compacting method at HP-HT conditions. In spray deposition of cBN particles of 100nm to 5000nm, coating preform thickness can be up to a few tens of microns. In chemical vapor infiltration, the temperature is in the range of 850° C. to 1 100° C, with infiltration time between 120 minutes and 2400 minutes. Each layer may be bonded by microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, or any combination of the above.
[0018] This invention, as illustrated and described herein, can be used for cutting tools, such as for inserts used for cutting tools and machines. It may also, however, be applied to other applications, where wear resistance, erosion prevention, or corrosion protection, or thermal protection are desired qualities.
[0019] As used herein, "comprising" is synonymous with "including,"
"containing," or "characterized by," and is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. As used herein, "consisting of excludes any element, step, or ingredients not specified in the claim element. As used herein, "consisting essentially of does not exclude materials or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the claim. Any recitation herein of the term "comprising", particularly in a description of components of a composition or in a description of elements of a device, is understood to encompass those compositions and methods consisting essentially of and consisting of the recited components or elements. The invention illustratively described herein suitably may be practiced in the absence of any element or elements, limitation or limitations which is not specifically disclosed herein.
[0020] When a Markush group or other grouping is used herein, all individual members of the group and all combinations and subcombinations possible of the group are intended to be individually included in the disclosure.
[0021 ] The terms and expressions which have been employed are used as terms of description and not of limitation, and there is no intention in the use of such terms and expressions of excluding any equivalents of the features shown and described or portions thereof, but it is recognized that various modifications are possible within the scope of the invention claimed. Thus, it should be understood that although the present invention has been specifically disclosed by preferred embodiments and optional features, modification and variation of the concepts herein disclosed may be resorted to by those skilled in the art, and that such modifications and variations are considered to be within the scope of this invention as defined by the appended claims. Thus, additional embodiments are within the scope of the invention and within the following claims.
[0022] In general the terms and phrases used herein have their art-recognized meaning, which can be found by reference to standard texts, journal references and contexts known to those skilled in the art. The preceding definitions are provided to clarify their specific use in the context of the invention.
[0023] All patents and publications mentioned in the specification are
indicative of the levels of skill of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference to the extent that there is no inconsistency with the disclosure of this
specification.
The present invention has been described with reference to certain preferred and alternative embodiments that are intended to be exemplary only and not limiting to the full scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Claims
1 . A multi-layer coated substrate, comprising:
a. a substrate, wherein the substrate comprises a substrate material chosen from the set consisting of carbides, ceramics, polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) compacts, PCBN tips, cermets, carbon, and steels;
b. a composite layer comprising cubic boron nitride (cBN)
particles and particles comprising a second material, wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides; and
c. a ceramic layer adjacent to the composite layer, the ceramic layer comprising a third material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
2. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is titanium nitride (TiN).
3. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is titanium carbonitride (TiCN).
4. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is aluminum oxide (AI2O3).
5. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is titanium carbide (TiC).
6. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is hafnium nitride (HfN).
7. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is hafnium carbonitride (HfCN).
8. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is zirconium nitride (ZrN).
9. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material is zirconium carbonitride (ZrCN).
10. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , comprising a first and second composite layer each comprising cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles and particles comprising a second material, wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and wherein the ceramic layer comprises an interfacial layer between the first and second composite layers.
1 1 . The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , comprising a first and second composite layer each comprising cubic boron nitride (cBN) particles, wherein the first composite layer comprises a second material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and the second composite layer comprises a fourth material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and further wherein the first composite layer is adjacent to the ceramic layer and the second composite layer is adjacent to the first composite layer.
12. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 1 , wherein the
second material of the first composite layer is different from the fourth material of the second composite layer.
13. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the
composite layer comprises a thickness in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm.
14. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , wherein the second material comprises between 20% and 60% of the composite layer by weight.
15. The multi-layer coated substrate of claim 1 , comprising first and second ceramic layers, wherein the first ceramic layer is adjacent to the composite layer, and the second ceramic layer is adjacent to the first ceramic layer.
16. A method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of:
a. spraying a first material comprising cBN particles as a
coating preform on the substrate;
b. infiltrating a second material wherein the second material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides into the first material by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer;
c. bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process;
d. spraying a third material onto the cBN composite layer to form a ceramic layer, wherein the third material comprises at least one material chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
17. The method of claim 16, further comprising the steps of:
a. spraying a fourth material comprising cBN particles onto the ceramic layer;
b. infiltrating a fifth material wherein the fifth material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides into the fourth material by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a second composite cBN particle layer adjacent to the ceramic layer; c. bonding the second cBN composite layer by a method
selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the infiltrating step is
performed at a temperature in the range of 850°C. to 1 100° C.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the infiltrating step is
performed for a duration of 120 minutes to 2400 minutes.
20. A method of forming a multi-layer coated substrate, comprising the steps of:
a. spraying a first ceramic material onto the substrate to form a ceramic layer, wherein the ceramic material comprises at least one of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides;
b. spraying cBN particles onto the ceramic layer;
c. infiltrating a second ceramic material into the cBN particles wherein the second ceramic material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and wherein the infiltration step is performed by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a composite cBN particle layer; and
d. bonding the cBN composite layer by a method selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process.
21 . The method of claim 20, further comprising the step of spraying a third ceramic material onto the cBN composite layer to form a second ceramic layer, wherein the ceramic material comprises at least one of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides.
22. The method of claim 20, further comprising the steps of:
a. spraying cBN particles onto the cBN composite layer;
b. infiltrating a third ceramic material wherein the third ceramic material is chosen from the set consisting of nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, borides, carbon, and oxides, and wherein the third ceramic material is different from the second ceramic material, and further wherein the infiltrating step is performed by a chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to create a second composite cBN particle layer adjacent to the cBN composite layer; and
c. bonding the second cBN composite layer by a method
selected from the set consisting of microwave sintering, infrared (IR) heating, laser radiation, and a hybrid process.
23. The method of claim 20, wherein the infiltrating step is
performed at a temperature in the range of 850°C. to 1 100° C.
24. The method of claim 23, wherein the infiltrating step is
performed for a duration of 120 minutes to 2400 minutes.
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EP12793589.8A EP2714387B1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Method of making a multi-layer coating with cubic boron nitride particles |
JP2014512188A JP6248032B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Multilayer coating with cubic boron nitride particles |
US14/119,799 US10639768B2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Multi-layer coating with cubic boron nitride particles |
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PCT/US2012/039894 WO2012166747A2 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Multi-layer coating with cubic boron nitride particles |
PCT/US2012/039890 WO2012166744A1 (en) | 2011-05-27 | 2012-05-29 | Coating layer with microstructure serrated edge |
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CZ30072U1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2016-11-29 | Hofmeister S.R.O. | Cutting edge in the form of a wedge with surface microstructure of cutting tool |
CN111331526B (en) * | 2020-03-25 | 2021-05-25 | 中北大学 | Graphene oxide toughened ceramic bond CBN grinding wheel and preparation method thereof |
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- 2012-05-29 EP EP12794064.1A patent/EP2715784B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2012-05-29 WO PCT/US2012/039894 patent/WO2012166747A2/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-29 JP JP2014512186A patent/JP6285858B2/en active Active
- 2012-05-29 US US14/119,789 patent/US9821435B2/en active Active
- 2012-05-29 EP EP12792655.8A patent/EP2714312B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-29 EP EP12793589.8A patent/EP2714387B1/en active Active
- 2012-05-29 WO PCT/US2012/039890 patent/WO2012166744A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-05-29 US US14/119,799 patent/US10639768B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2714312B1 (en) | 2019-11-27 |
EP2715784B1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
WO2012166745A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
EP2715784A4 (en) | 2015-04-29 |
WO2012166744A1 (en) | 2012-12-06 |
US20140215925A1 (en) | 2014-08-07 |
US9821435B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
JP2014519467A (en) | 2014-08-14 |
EP2715784A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
EP2714312A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
US9649746B2 (en) | 2017-05-16 |
JP6285858B2 (en) | 2018-02-28 |
EP2714387A2 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
JP6248032B2 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
EP2714387A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
EP2714312A4 (en) | 2015-07-29 |
JP2014520204A (en) | 2014-08-21 |
JP2014519988A (en) | 2014-08-21 |
EP2714387B1 (en) | 2019-10-16 |
US20140308511A1 (en) | 2014-10-16 |
WO2012166747A3 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
JP5960803B2 (en) | 2016-08-02 |
US20140212232A1 (en) | 2014-07-31 |
US10639768B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
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