WO2012164914A1 - 共重合体、ゴム組成物、架橋ゴム組成物、及びタイヤ - Google Patents
共重合体、ゴム組成物、架橋ゴム組成物、及びタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012164914A1 WO2012164914A1 PCT/JP2012/003507 JP2012003507W WO2012164914A1 WO 2012164914 A1 WO2012164914 A1 WO 2012164914A1 JP 2012003507 W JP2012003507 W JP 2012003507W WO 2012164914 A1 WO2012164914 A1 WO 2012164914A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
- C08F297/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type
- C08F297/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins
- C08F297/083—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene
- C08F297/086—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer using a catalyst of the coordination type polymerising mono-olefins the monomers being ethylene or propylene the block polymer contains at least three blocks
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F297/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by successively polymerising different monomer systems using a catalyst of the ionic or coordination type without deactivating the intermediate polymer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a copolymer of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, a rubber composition, a crosslinked rubber composition, and a tire, and in particular, produces a rubber having excellent fatigue resistance, low heat buildup, and fracture elongation.
- a block copolymer comprising a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, a rubber composition containing the block copolymer, a crosslinked rubber composition obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition, and the above
- the present invention relates to a rubber composition or a tire using the crosslinked rubber composition.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a conjugated diene polymerization catalyst containing a Group IV transition metal compound having a cyclopentadiene ring structure, which is co-polymerized with the conjugated diene.
- the polymerizable monomer include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, but there is no mention of the arrangement of monomer units in the copolymer.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a copolymer of an ⁇ -olefin and a conjugated diene compound, but the arrangement of monomer units in the copolymer is completely different. Not mentioned.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a copolymer of ethylene and butadiene synthesized using a special organometallic complex as a catalyst component. Is inserted into the copolymer in the form of trans-1,2-cyclohexane, and the arrangement of the monomer units in the copolymer is not mentioned at all, and the conjugated diene is not mentioned at all.
- the length of the non-conjugated olefin-derived portion (molecular weight) in the block copolymer of the compound and the non-conjugated olefin a rubber excellent in fatigue resistance, low heat build-up, and fracture elongation is produced. There is no description about this.
- JP-A-11-228743 discloses an unsaturated elastomer composition comprising an unsaturated olefin copolymer and rubber, but the monomer in the copolymer.
- the unit arrangement is only described as random, and the length (molecular weight) of the non-conjugated olefin-derived part in the block copolymer of the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin is specified.
- Patent Document 5 discloses that the vinyl content (vinyl bond content, 1,2-adduct (including 3,4-adduct) content) is 6%, and the cis content. A butadiene polymer with a% of 92% and an ethylene content of 3% or 9% is disclosed. However, since the ethylene-derived part of the copolymer is long (molecular weight is large), based on the crystallinity of ethylene, the physical properties of the copolymer are close to those of plastics, fatigue resistance (flexion, elongation test) and elongation at break There is a problem that gets worse.
- JP-A-2000-86857 defines the length (molecular weight) of a non-conjugated olefin-derived portion in a block copolymer of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin. There is no description or suggestion of producing a rubber excellent in fatigue resistance, low heat build-up, and breaking elongation.
- an object of the present invention is to produce a block copolymer comprising a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, which is used to produce a rubber having excellent fatigue resistance, low heat build-up, and fracture elongation.
- the object is to provide a rubber composition containing a coalescence, a crosslinked rubber composition obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition, and a tire using the rubber composition or the crosslinked rubber composition.
- the length of the block part (molecular weight) consisting of the monomer units of the non-conjugated olefin is regulated. It has been found that a rubber excellent in fatigue, low heat build-up, and elongation at break can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the copolymer of the present invention is a copolymer of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, and is a block copolymer.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the block copolymer means a copolymer composed of a block portion composed of monomer units of a conjugated diene compound and a block portion composed of monomer units of a non-conjugated olefin.
- the cis-1,4 bond content of the conjugated diene compound-derived moiety is 80% or more.
- the content of the non-conjugated olefin (part derived from the non-conjugated olefin) exceeds 0 mol% and is 40 mol% or less.
- the structure of the block copolymer is (AB) x , A- (BA) x and B- (AB) x (where , A is a block portion consisting of a monomer unit of a non-conjugated olefin, B is a block portion consisting of a monomer unit of a conjugated diene compound, and x is an integer of 1 or more) is there.
- a block copolymer having a plurality of (AB) or (BA) structures is referred to as a multi-block copolymer.
- the copolymer of the present invention preferably has a polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight of 10,000 to 10,000,000.
- the copolymer of the present invention preferably has a molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of 10 or less.
- the non-conjugated olefin is an acyclic olefin.
- the non-conjugated olefin has 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the non-conjugated olefin is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene, propylene and 1-butene, more preferably ethylene.
- the conjugated diene compound is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1,3-butadiene and isoprene.
- the rubber composition of the present invention includes the copolymer of the present invention.
- the rubber composition of the present invention preferably contains 5 to 200 parts by mass of a reinforcing filler and 0.1 to 20 parts by mass of a crosslinking agent with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention is obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition of the present invention.
- the tire of the present invention is characterized by using the rubber composition of the present invention or the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention.
- a block copolymer comprising a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, which is used to produce a rubber having excellent fatigue resistance, low heat build-up, and excellent elongation at break
- a rubber composition containing the rubber composition, a crosslinked rubber composition obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition, and a tire using the rubber composition or the crosslinked rubber composition can be provided.
- the DSC curve of the block copolymer A is shown.
- the DSC curve of the block copolymer B is shown.
- the DSC curve of the block copolymer C is shown.
- the DSC curve of the random copolymer D is shown.
- the DSC curve of the block copolymer E is shown.
- the DSC curve of the taper copolymer F is shown.
- the copolymer of the present invention is a copolymer of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, and is a block copolymer.
- the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurement according to JIS K 7121-1987 is 70 ° C.
- the peak area at ⁇ 110 ° C. is 60% or more of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C., and the peak area at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. is 20% or less of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C. .
- the copolymer of the present invention has a block portion composed of a monomer unit of non-conjugated olefin, and exhibits static crystallinity, so that it has excellent mechanical properties such as breaking strength. Moreover, since the copolymer of this invention is provided with the block part which consists of a monomer unit of a conjugated diene compound, it becomes possible to act as an elastomer.
- differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are used as main measuring means for confirming the formation of the block copolymer.
- the differential scanning calorimetry is a measurement method performed in accordance with JIS K 7121-1987. Specifically, by DSC, a glass transition temperature derived from a block portion composed of monomer units of a conjugated diene compound, a crystallization temperature derived from the block portion, and a block portion composed of monomer units of a non-conjugated olefin.
- the peak area at 70 ° C. to 110 ° C. is 60% or more of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C., and the peak at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the peak at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. indicates that a block portion composed of a monomer unit of a non-conjugated olefin (for example, ethylene) having a relatively small weight average molecular weight (about 1000 to about 30000) is formed
- the peak at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. indicates that a block portion composed of a monomer unit of a non-conjugated olefin (for example, ethylene) having a large weight average molecular weight (about 30000 or more) is formed.
- the peak at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C. is a peak based on a portion derived from a non-conjugated olefin (for example, ethylene). Therefore, the peak area at 70 ° C.
- the peak area at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. is 60% or more of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- the peak area at 110 ° C. to 140 ° C. is 20% or less of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C.
- the cis-1,4 bond amount of the conjugated diene compound portion is preferably 80% or more, more preferably more than 92%, particularly preferably 95% or more, 97% or more is most preferable. If the cis-1,4 bond amount of the conjugated diene compound portion (part derived from the conjugated diene compound) is 80% or more, the block portion consisting of the monomer unit of the conjugated diene compound exhibits elongation crystallinity, Mechanical properties such as fatigue resistance can be further improved.
- the amount of the cis-1,4 bond is an amount in the portion derived from the conjugated diene compound, and is not a ratio to the whole copolymer.
- the content of 1,2-adduct (including 3,4-adduct) of the conjugated diene compound (including the 1,4-adduct of the conjugated diene compound in the conjugated diene compound-derived portion (3,4 addition)
- the content) (including body part) is preferably 5% or less.
- the copolymer of the present invention can further improve ozone resistance and fatigue resistance. it can.
- the copolymer of the present invention has ozone resistance and fatigue resistance. Further improvement can be achieved.
- the content of 1,2-adduct (including 3,4-adduct) in the conjugated diene compound portion is more preferably 2.0% or less.
- the content of the 1,2 adduct portion (including the 3,4 adduct portion) is an amount in the portion derived from the conjugated diene compound, and is not a ratio to the whole copolymer.
- the 1,2-adduct portion (including 3,4-adduct portion) content of the conjugated diene compound portion (including the 3,4-adduct portion) Including) content) has the same meaning as the amount of 1,2-vinyl bonds when the conjugated diene compound is butadiene.
- the copolymer of the present invention does not cause a problem of lowering the molecular weight, and its weight average molecular weight (Mw) is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of application to a polymer structural material, the copolymer
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of polystyrene of the coalescence is preferably 10,000 to 10,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 1,000,000, and further preferably 50,000 to 600,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) represented by the ratio of the weight average molecular weight (Mw) and the number average molecular weight (Mn) is preferably 10 or less, and more preferably 5 or less. This is because if the molecular weight distribution exceeds 10, the physical properties are not uniform.
- the average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution can be determined using polystyrene as a standard substance by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- the content of non-conjugated olefin is preferably more than 0 mol% and 40 mol% or less. If the content of the non-conjugated olefin (part derived from the non-conjugated olefin) is within the above specified range, mechanical properties such as breaking strength can be improved more reliably. In addition, from the viewpoint of improving mechanical properties such as breaking strength without causing phase separation of the copolymer, the content of the non-conjugated olefin (non-conjugated olefin-derived portion) exceeds 0 mol% and is 30 mol% or less. More preferably it is.
- the content of the conjugated diene compound is preferably 60 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%, and more preferably 70 mol% or more and less than 100 mol%. preferable. If the content of the conjugated diene compound (part derived from the conjugated diene compound) is within the above specified range, the copolymer of the present invention can behave uniformly as an elastomer.
- examples of the structure of the block copolymer include (AB) x , A- (BA) x , B- (AB) x and the like.
- A is a block part composed of monomer units of non-conjugated olefin
- B is a block part composed of monomer units of conjugated diene compound
- x is an integer of 1 or more, preferably It is an integer from 1 to 5.
- the boundaries between the block portions do not need to be clearly distinguished, for example, a portion made of a mixture of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin between the block portion A and the block portion B, a so-called tapered structure. May be formed.
- the conjugated diene compound used as the monomer preferably has 4 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the conjugated diene compound include 1,3-butadiene, isoprene, 1,3-pentadiene, 2,3-dimethylbutadiene, and among these, 1,3-butadiene and isoprene are preferable.
- these conjugated diene compounds may be used independently and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the copolymer of the present invention can be prepared by the same mechanism using any of the specific examples of the conjugated diene compound described above.
- the non-conjugated olefin used as the monomer is a non-conjugated olefin other than the conjugated diene compound, and is preferably an acyclic olefin.
- the non-conjugated olefin preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
- preferred examples of the non-conjugated olefin include ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene, 1-heptene and 1-octene. Among these, ethylene, propylene And 1-butene are more preferable, and ethylene is particularly preferable.
- These non-conjugated olefins may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the olefin refers to a compound that is an aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbon and has one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.
- the 1st manufacturing method of the copolymer of this invention includes the process of superposing
- a polymerization method any method such as a solution polymerization method, a suspension polymerization method, a liquid phase bulk polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, and a solid phase polymerization method can be used.
- a solvent for a polymerization reaction the solvent used should just be inactive in a polymerization reaction, For example, toluene, hexane, cyclohexane, mixtures thereof etc. are mentioned.
- the polymerization catalyst composition includes the following general formula (I): (wherein M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, Cp R each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group, and R a to R f each independently represents an alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- Cp R each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted indenyl group
- X ′ represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group.
- a silyl group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms L represents a neutral Lewis base, and w represents an integer of 0 to 3, and the following general formula (III ):
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium
- Cp R ′ represents unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group or a thiolate group.
- a polymerization catalyst composition (hereinafter also referred to as a first polymerization catalyst composition) comprising at least one complex selected from the group consisting of a half metallocene cation complex represented by The product may further contain other components contained in the polymerization catalyst composition containing a normal metallocene complex, such as a promoter.
- the metallocene complex is a complex compound in which one or more cyclopentadienyl or a derivative thereof is bonded to a central metal, and in particular, one cyclopentadienyl or a derivative thereof bonded to the central metal.
- a certain metallocene complex may be called a half metallocene complex.
- the concentration of the complex contained in the first polymerization catalyst composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.0001 mol / l.
- Cp R in the formula is an unsubstituted indenyl or substituted indenyl.
- Cp R having an indenyl ring as a basic skeleton can be represented by C 9 H 7-X R X or C 9 H 11-X R X.
- X is an integer of 0 to 7 or 0 to 11.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- hydrocarbyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- substituted indenyl examples include 2-phenylindenyl, 2-methylindenyl and the like. Note that the two Cp Rs in the general formulas (I) and (II) may be the same as or different from each other.
- Cp R ′ in the formula is unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl, and among these, unsubstituted or substituted indenyl It is preferable that Cp R ′ having a cyclopentadienyl ring as a basic skeleton is represented by C 5 H 5-X R X. Here, X is an integer of 0 to 5.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- examples of metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- Specific examples of Cp R ′ having a cyclopentadienyl ring as a basic skeleton include the following. (In the formula, R represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or an ethyl group.)
- Cp R ′ having the above indenyl ring as a basic skeleton is defined in the same manner as Cp R in the general formula (I), and preferred examples thereof are also the same.
- Cp R ′ having the fluorenyl ring as a basic skeleton can be represented by C 13 H 9-X R X or C 13 H 17-X R X.
- X is an integer of 0 to 9 or 0 to 17.
- each R is preferably independently a hydrocarbyl group or a metalloid group.
- the hydrocarbyl group preferably has 1 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and still more preferably 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbyl group include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a phenyl group, and a benzyl group.
- metalloid group metalloids include germyl Ge, stannyl Sn, and silyl Si, and the metalloid group preferably has a hydrocarbyl group, and the hydrocarbyl group that the metalloid group has is the same as the above hydrocarbyl group. is there.
- Specific examples of the metalloid group include a trimethylsilyl group.
- the central metal M in the general formulas (I), (II), and (III) is a lanthanoid element, scandium, or yttrium.
- the lanthanoid elements include 15 elements having atomic numbers of 57 to 71, and any of these may be used.
- Preferred examples of the central metal M include samarium Sm, neodymium Nd, praseodymium Pr, gadolinium Gd, cerium Ce, holmium Ho, scandium Sc, and yttrium Y.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (I) includes a silylamide ligand [—N (SiR 3 ) 2 ].
- the R groups contained in the silylamide ligand (R a to R f in the general formula (I)) are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a hydrogen atom.
- R a to R f is a hydrogen atom.
- the alkyl group is preferably a methyl group.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (II) contains a silyl ligand [—SiX ′ 3 ].
- X ′ contained in the silyl ligand [—SiX ′ 3 ] is a group defined in the same manner as X in the general formula (III) described below, and preferred groups are also the same.
- X is a group selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, and a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- examples of the alkoxide group include aliphatic alkoxy groups such as methoxy group, ethoxy group, propoxy group, n-butoxy group, isobutoxy group, sec-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group; phenoxy group, 2,6-dioxy -Tert-butylphenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, Examples include aryloxide groups such as 2-isopropyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, and among these, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy group is preferable.
- the thiolate group represented by X includes a thiomethoxy group, a thioethoxy group, a thiopropoxy group, a thio n-butoxy group, a thioisobutoxy group, a thiosec-butoxy group, a thiotert-butoxy group and the like Group thiolate group; thiophenoxy group, 2,6-di-tert-butylthiophenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylthiophenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylthiophenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropyl Arylthiolate groups such as thiophenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-thioneopentylphenoxy group, 2-isopropyl-6-thioneopentylphenoxy group, 2,4,6-triisopropylthiophenoxy group, etc. Among these, 2,4,6-triisopropylthiophenoxy group,
- examples of the amide group represented by X include aliphatic amide groups such as dimethylamide group, diethylamide group, diisopropylamide group; phenylamide group, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenylamide group, 2 , 6-diisopropylphenylamide group, 2,6-dineopentylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl-6-isopropylphenylamide group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenylamide group, 2-isopropyl- Arylamido groups such as 6-neopentylphenylamide group and 2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenylamide group; bistrialkylsilylamide groups such as bistrimethylsilylamide group, among them bistrimethylsilylamide Groups are preferred.
- examples of the silyl group represented by X include trimethylsilyl group, tris (trimethylsilyl) silyl group, bis (trimethylsilyl) methylsilyl group, trimethylsilyl (dimethyl) silyl group, triisopropylsilyl (bistrimethylsilyl) silyl group, and the like.
- a tris (trimethylsilyl) silyl group is preferable.
- the halogen atom represented by X may be a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom, but a chlorine atom or a bromine atom is preferred.
- Specific examples of the hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by X include a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, and a tert-butyl group.
- Linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups such as butyl group, neopentyl group, hexyl group, octyl group; aromatic hydrocarbon groups such as phenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group; aralkyl groups such as benzyl group, etc.
- Others include hydrocarbon groups containing silicon atoms such as trimethylsilylmethyl group and bistrimethylsilylmethyl group. Among these, methyl group, ethyl group, isobutyl group, trimethylsilylmethyl group and the like are preferable.
- X is preferably a bistrimethylsilylamide group or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the non-coordinating anion represented by, for example, a tetravalent boron anion.
- tetravalent boron anion include tetraphenyl borate, tetrakis (monofluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (trifluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis ( Pentafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluoromethylphenyl) borate, tetra (tolyl) borate, tetra (xylyl) borate, (triphenyl, pentafluorophenyl) borate, [tris (pentafluorophenyl), phenyl] borate, tri Decahydride-7,8-dica
- the metallocene complex represented by the above general formulas (I) and (II) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the above general formula (III) are further 0 to 3, preferably 0 to 1 neutral.
- examples of the neutral Lewis base L include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylaniline, trimethylphosphine, lithium chloride, neutral olefins, neutral diolefins, and the like.
- the neutral Lewis bases L may be the same or different.
- metallocene complex represented by the general formula (I) and the formula (II) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (III) may exist as a monomer, It may exist as a body or higher multimer.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (I) includes, for example, a lanthanoid trishalide, scandium trishalide, or yttrium trishalide in a solvent, an indenyl salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt) and bis (trialkylsilyl). It can be obtained by reacting with an amide salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt).
- reaction temperature should just be about room temperature, it can manufacture on mild conditions.
- the reaction time is arbitrary, but is about several hours to several tens of hours.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product. For example, toluene may be used. Below, the reaction example for obtaining the metallocene complex represented by general formula (I) is shown. (In the formula, X ′′ represents a halide.)
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (II) includes, for example, a lanthanide trishalide, scandium trishalide, or yttrium trishalide in a solvent, an indenyl salt (for example, potassium salt or lithium salt), and a silyl salt (for example, potassium). Salt or lithium salt).
- reaction temperature should just be about room temperature, it can manufacture on mild conditions.
- the reaction time is arbitrary, but is about several hours to several tens of hours.
- the reaction solvent is not particularly limited, but is preferably a solvent that dissolves the raw material and the product. For example, toluene may be used.
- the reaction example for obtaining the metallocene complex represented by general formula (II) is shown. (In the formula, X ′′ represents a halide.)
- the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (III) can be obtained, for example, by the following reaction.
- M represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, and Cp R ′ independently represents unsubstituted or substituted cyclopentadienyl, indenyl or fluorenyl.
- X represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- L represents a neutral Lewis base
- w represents 0 to 3 Indicates an integer.
- [A] + [B] ⁇ [A] + represents a cation
- [B] ⁇ represents a non-coordinating anion.
- Examples of the cation represented by + include a carbonium cation, an oxonium cation, an amine cation, a phosphonium cation, a cycloheptatrienyl cation, and a ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- Examples of the carbonium cation include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as a triphenylcarbonium cation and a tri (substituted phenyl) carbonium cation.
- the tri (substituted phenyl) carbonyl cation is specifically exemplified by tri (methylphenyl). ) Carbonium cation and the like.
- amine cations include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation; N, N-dimethylanilinium cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation, N, N— N, N-dialkylanilinium cations such as 2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; dialkylammonium cations such as diisopropylammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation.
- trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation
- Examples of the phosphonium cation include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- N, N-dialkylanilinium cation or carbonium cation is preferable, and N, N-dialkylanilinium cation is particularly preferable.
- the ionic compound represented by the general formula [A] + [B] ⁇ used in the above reaction is a compound selected and combined from the above non-coordinating anions and cations, and is an N, N-dimethylaniline. Preference is given to nium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbonium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate and the like.
- general formula [A] + [B] - ionic compounds represented by is preferably added from 0.1 to 10 mols per mol of the metallocene complex, more preferably added about 1 molar.
- the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (III) may be provided as it is in the polymerization reaction system, or the compound represented by the general formula (IV) and the general formula used in the reaction [a] + [B] - provides an ionic compound represented separately into the polymerization reaction system, the general formula in the reaction system (III You may form the half metallocene cation complex represented by this.
- the structures of the metallocene complex represented by the general formulas (I) and (II) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the general formula (III) are preferably determined by X-ray structural analysis.
- the co-catalyst that can be used in the first polymerization catalyst composition can be arbitrarily selected from components used as a co-catalyst for a polymerization catalyst composition containing a normal metallocene complex.
- suitable examples of the cocatalyst include aluminoxanes, organoaluminum compounds, and the above ionic compounds. These promoters may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aluminoxane is preferably an alkylaminoxan, and examples thereof include methylaluminoxane (MAO) and modified methylaluminoxane. Further, as the modified methylaluminoxane, MMAO-3A (manufactured by Tosoh Finechem) and the like are preferable.
- the content of aluminoxane in the first polymerization catalyst composition is such that the element ratio Al / M between the central metal M of the metallocene complex and the aluminum element Al of the aluminoxane is about 10 to 1000, preferably about 100. It is preferable to make it.
- the organoaluminum compound the general formula AlRR′R ′′ (wherein R and R ′ are each independently a C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen atom, and R ′′ is C 1 an organoaluminum compound represented by a hydrocarbon group) of ⁇ C 10 are preferred.
- the organoaluminum compound include trialkylaluminum, dialkylaluminum chloride, alkylaluminum dichloride, and dialkylaluminum hydride. Among these, trialkylaluminum is preferable.
- examples of the trialkylaluminum include triethylaluminum and triisobutylaluminum.
- the content of the organoaluminum compound in the polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 50 times mol, and more preferably about 10 times mol to the metallocene complex.
- the metallocene complex represented by the general formula (I) and the formula (II) and the half metallocene cation complex represented by the above general formula (III) are each used as an appropriate promoter. By combining them, the amount of cis-1,4 bonds and the molecular weight of the resulting copolymer can be increased.
- B-1 ionic compound composed of non-coordinating anion and cation
- aluminoxane (B-2) aluminoxane
- Lewis acid complex compound of metal halide and Lewis base
- the polymerization catalyst composition contains at least one of the ionic compound (B-1) and the halogen compound (B-3), the polymerization catalyst composition further comprises: (C) Component: The following general formula (i): YR 1 a R 2 b R 3 c (i) [Wherein Y is a metal selected from Group 1, Group 2, Group 12 and Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and have 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the ionic compound (B-1) and the halogen compound (B-3) do not have a carbon atom to be supplied to the component (A), the above (A) as a carbon supply source to the component (A) Component C) is required.
- the polymerization catalyst composition contains the aluminoxane (B-2), the polymerization catalyst composition can contain the component (C).
- the polymerization catalyst composition may contain other components such as a co-catalyst contained in a normal rare earth element compound-based polymerization catalyst composition.
- the concentration of the component (A) contained in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 0.0001 mol / l.
- the component (A) used in the second polymerization catalyst composition is a rare earth element compound or a reaction product of the rare earth element compound and a Lewis base.
- the reaction of the rare earth element compound and the rare earth element compound with a Lewis base is performed.
- the object does not have a bond between rare earth element and carbon.
- the rare earth element compound and the reactant do not have a rare earth element-carbon bond, the compound is stable and easy to handle.
- the rare earth element compound is a compound containing a lanthanoid element or scandium or yttrium composed of the elements of atomic numbers 57 to 71 in the periodic table.
- the lanthanoid element examples include lanthanium, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium.
- the said (A) component may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the rare earth element compound is preferably a divalent or trivalent salt or complex compound of a rare earth metal, and one or more coordinations selected from a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom and an organic compound residue. More preferably, the rare earth element compound contains a child.
- reaction product of the rare earth element compound or the rare earth element compound and a Lewis base is represented by the following general formula (XI) or (XII): M 11 X 11 2 ⁇ L 11 w (XI) M 11 X 11 3 ⁇ L 11 w (XII) [Wherein M 11 represents a lanthanoid element, scandium or yttrium, and X 11 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkoxide group, a thiolate group, an amide group, a silyl group, an aldehyde residue, a ketone residue. Represents a group, a carboxylic acid residue, a thiocarboxylic acid residue or a phosphorus compound residue, L 11 represents a Lewis base, and w represents 0 to 3.
- the group (ligand) bonded to the rare earth element of the rare earth element compound include a hydrogen atom; a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert- Aliphatic alkoxy groups such as butoxy group; phenoxy group, 2,6-di-tert-butylphenoxy group, 2,6-diisopropylphenoxy group, 2,6-dineopentylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6- Isopropylphenoxy group, 2-tert-butyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group, 2-isopropyl-6-neopentylphenoxy group; thiomethoxy group, thioethoxy group, thiopropoxy group, thio n-butoxy group, thioisobutoxy group, thio an aliphatic thiolate group such as a sec-
- aldehyde residues such as salicylaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde, 2-hydroxy-3-naphthaldehyde; 2′-hydroxyacetophenone, 2′-hydroxybutyrophenone, 2′-hydroxypropiophenone, etc.
- examples of the Lewis base that reacts with the rare earth element compound include tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, dimethylaniline, trimethylphosphine, lithium chloride, neutral olefins, Diolefins and the like.
- the rare earth element compound reacts with a plurality of Lewis bases (in the formulas (XI) and (XII), when w is 2 or 3), the Lewis base L 11 is the same or different. It may be.
- Component (B) used in the second polymerization catalyst composition is at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ionic compound (B-1), aluminoxane (B-2), and halogen compound (B-3). is there.
- the total content of the component (B) in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 0.1 to 50 times mol of the component (A).
- the ionic compound represented by (B-1) is composed of a non-coordinating anion and a cation, and reacts with the rare earth element compound which is the component (A) or a reaction product thereof with a Lewis base to become cationic.
- Examples thereof include ionic compounds capable of generating a transition metal compound.
- non-coordinating anion for example, tetraphenyl borate, tetrakis (monofluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (difluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (trifluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis ( Pentafluorophenyl) borate, tetrakis (tetrafluoromethylphenyl) borate, tetra (tolyl) borate, tetra (xylyl) borate, (triphenyl, pentafluorophenyl) borate, [tris (pentafluorophenyl), phenyl] borate, tri Decahydride-7,8-dicarbaound decaborate and the like.
- examples of the cation include a carbonium cation, an oxonium cation, an ammonium cation, a phosphonium cation, a cycloheptatrienyl cation, and a ferrocenium cation having a transition metal.
- Specific examples of the carbonium cation include trisubstituted carbonium cations such as triphenylcarbonium cation and tri (substituted phenyl) carbonium cation, and more specifically, as tri (substituted phenyl) carbonyl cation, Examples include tri (methylphenyl) carbonium cation, tri (dimethylphenyl) carbonium cation, and the like.
- ammonium cations include trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation (eg, tri (n-butyl) ammonium cation); N, N-dimethylanilinium N, N-dialkylanilinium cation such as cation, N, N-diethylanilinium cation, N, N-2,4,6-pentamethylanilinium cation; dialkylammonium cation such as diisopropylammonium cation and dicyclohexylammonium cation Is mentioned.
- trialkylammonium cations such as trimethylammonium cation, triethylammonium cation, tripropylammonium cation, and tributylammonium cation (eg, tri (n-butyl)
- the phosphonium cation include triarylphosphonium cations such as triphenylphosphonium cation, tri (methylphenyl) phosphonium cation, and tri (dimethylphenyl) phosphonium cation.
- the ionic compound is preferably a compound selected and combined from the above-mentioned non-coordinating anions and cations, specifically, N, N-dimethylanilinium tetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate, triphenylcarbohydrate. Preferred is nitrotetrakis (pentafluorophenyl) borate.
- these ionic compounds can be used individually by 1 type, or 2 or more types can be mixed and used for them.
- the content of the ionic compound in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 0.1 to 10-fold mol, more preferably about 1-fold mol with respect to component (A).
- the aluminoxane represented by the above (B-2) is a compound obtained by bringing an organoaluminum compound and a condensing agent into contact with each other.
- R ′ is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and some of the hydrocarbon groups may be substituted with a halogen atom and / or an alkoxy group
- the degree of polymerization of the unit is preferably 5 or more, and more preferably 10 or more.
- R ′ examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, and an isobutyl group, and among these, a methyl group is preferable.
- organoaluminum compound used as an aluminoxane raw material include trialkylaluminums such as trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, and triisobutylaluminum, and mixtures thereof, and trimethylaluminum is particularly preferable.
- an aluminoxane using a mixture of trimethylaluminum and tributylaluminum as a raw material can be preferably used.
- the content of the aluminoxane in the second polymerization catalyst composition is such that the element ratio Al / M of the rare earth element M constituting the component (A) and the aluminum element Al of the aluminoxane is about 10 to 1000. It is preferable to do.
- the halogen compound represented by (B-3) is composed of at least one of a Lewis acid, a complex compound of a metal halide and a Lewis base, and an organic compound containing an active halogen, and is, for example, the component (A).
- a cationic transition metal compound can be produced by reacting with a rare earth element compound or a reactant thereof with a Lewis base. Note that the total content of halogen compounds in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 5 moles compared to the component (A).
- boron-containing halogen compounds such as B (C 6 F 5 ) 3 and aluminum-containing halogen compounds such as Al (C 6 F 5 ) 3 can be used, as well as III, IV,
- a halogen compound containing an element belonging to the group V, VI or VIII can also be used.
- aluminum halide or organometallic halide is used.
- chlorine or bromine is preferable.
- the Lewis acid examples include methyl aluminum dibromide, methyl aluminum dichloride, ethyl aluminum dibromide, ethyl aluminum dichloride, butyl aluminum dibromide, butyl aluminum dichloride, dimethyl aluminum bromide, dimethyl aluminum chloride, diethyl aluminum bromide, diethyl Aluminum chloride, dibutylaluminum bromide, dibutylaluminum chloride, methylaluminum sesquibromide, methylaluminum sesquichloride, ethylaluminum sesquibromide, ethylaluminum sesquichloride, dibutyltin dichloride, aluminum tribromide, antimony trichloride, antimony pentachloride, phosphorus trichloride , Pentachloride , Tin tetrachloride, titanium tetrachloride, tungsten hexachloride, etc., among which diethylaluminum chloride,
- the metal halide constituting the complex compound of the above metal halide and Lewis base includes beryllium chloride, beryllium bromide, beryllium iodide, magnesium chloride, magnesium bromide, magnesium iodide, calcium chloride, calcium bromide, iodine.
- a phosphorus compound, a carbonyl compound, a nitrogen compound, an ether compound, an alcohol, and the like are preferable.
- tri-2-ethylhexyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate, acetylacetone, 2-ethylhexanoic acid, versatic acid, 2 -Ethylhexyl alcohol, 1-decanol, lauryl alcohol are preferred.
- the Lewis base is reacted at a ratio of 0.01 to 30 mol, preferably 0.5 to 10 mol, per mol of the metal halide.
- the reaction product with the Lewis base is used, the metal remaining in the polymer can be reduced.
- organic compound containing the active halogen examples include benzyl chloride. .
- the component (C) used in the second polymerization catalyst composition is represented by the following general formula (i): YR 1 a R 2 b R 3 c (i) [Wherein Y is a metal selected from Group 1, Group 2, Group 12 and Group 13 of the Periodic Table, and R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and have 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, provided that R 3 may be the same as or different from R 1 or R 2, and Y is a periodic table;
- a is 1 and b and c are 0, and when Y is a metal selected from Groups 2 and 12 of the Periodic Table, a and b are 1 and c is 0, and when Y is a metal selected from Group 13 of the Periodic Table, a, b and c are 1].
- organoaluminum compound of the formula (X) examples include trimethylaluminum, triethylaluminum, tri-n-propylaluminum, triisopropylaluminum, tri-n-butylaluminum, triisobutylaluminum, tri-t-butylaluminum, tripentylaluminum, Trihexyl aluminum, tricyclohexyl aluminum, trioctyl aluminum; diethyl aluminum hydride, di-n-propyl aluminum hydride, di-n-butyl aluminum hydride, diisobutyl aluminum hydride, dihexyl aluminum hydride, diisohexyl hydride Aluminum, dioctyl aluminum hydride, diisooctyl aluminum hydride; ethyl aluminum dihydride, n-propyl aluminum Hydride, include isobutyl aluminum dihydride and the like, among these, triethylaluminum, triis
- the organometallic compound as the component (C) described above can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the organoaluminum compound in the second polymerization catalyst composition is preferably 1 to 50 times mol, more preferably about 10 times mol for the component (A).
- the method for producing a copolymer of the present invention includes, for example, (1) the constitution of a polymerization catalyst composition in a polymerization reaction system containing a conjugated diene compound as a monomer and a non-conjugated olefin other than the conjugated diene compound.
- the components may be provided separately and used as a polymerization catalyst composition in the reaction system, or (2) a previously prepared polymerization catalyst composition may be provided in the polymerization reaction system.
- (2) includes providing a metallocene complex (active species) activated by a cocatalyst.
- the amount of the metallocene complex contained in the polymerization catalyst composition is preferably in the range of 0.0001 to 0.01-fold mol with respect to the total of the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin other than the conjugated diene compound.
- the polymerization may be stopped using a polymerization terminator such as ethanol or isopropanol.
- the polymerization reaction of the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin is preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas, preferably nitrogen gas or argon gas.
- the polymerization temperature of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of ⁇ 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., for example, and can be about room temperature. When the polymerization temperature is raised, the cis-1,4 selectivity of the polymerization reaction may be lowered.
- the pressure for the polymerization reaction is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 10 MPa in order to sufficiently incorporate the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin into the polymerization reaction system.
- the reaction time of the polymerization reaction is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected depending on conditions such as the type of monomer to be polymerized, the type of catalyst, and the polymerization temperature.
- the polymerization time is shorter than the polymerization time for synthesizing a block copolymer of a normal conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin in order to avoid generation of a long-chain non-conjugated olefin block component.
- the concentration of the conjugated diene compound (mol / l) and the concentration of the non-conjugated olefin (mol) at the start of the polymerization when the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin are polymerized, the concentration of the conjugated diene compound (mol / l) and the concentration of the non-conjugated olefin (mol) at the start of the polymerization.
- the monomer into the polymerization reaction system can be produced by adjusting the charging method. That is, the second production method of the copolymer of the present invention is characterized in that the chain structure of the copolymer is controlled by controlling the introduction of the conjugated diene compound in the presence of the non-conjugated olefin. Can control the arrangement of monomer units in the copolymer.
- a polymerization reaction system means the place where superposition
- the input method of the conjugated diene compound may be either continuous input or split input, and may be a combination of continuous input and split input.
- continuous injection means adding for a fixed time at a fixed addition rate, for example.
- the concentration ratio of monomers in the polymerization reaction system can be controlled by dividing or continuously adding the conjugated diene compound to the polymerization reaction system for polymerizing the conjugated diene compound and the non-conjugated olefin.
- the conjugated diene compound is added, the presence of the non-conjugated olefin in the polymerization reaction system can suppress the formation of a conjugated diene compound homopolymer.
- the addition of the conjugated diene compound may be performed after the polymerization of the nonconjugated olefin is started.
- a block copolymer when a block copolymer is produced by the above second production method, it is effective to continuously add a conjugated diene compound in the presence of the nonconjugated olefin to the polymerization reaction system in which the polymerization of the nonconjugated olefin has been started in advance. It becomes.
- a multi-block copolymer when a multi-block copolymer is produced by the second production method, “a non-conjugated olefin is polymerized in a polymerization reaction system, and then the conjugated diene compound is reacted in the presence of the non-conjugated olefin. It is effective to repeat the operation of “continuous charging into the system” twice or more.
- the second production method is not particularly limited as described above, except that the method of charging the monomer into the polymerization reaction system as described above.
- the solution polymerization method, the suspension polymerization method, the liquid phase bulk polymerization method, Any polymerization method such as an emulsion polymerization method, a gas phase polymerization method, and a solid phase polymerization method can be used.
- the second production method is the same as the first production method, except that the method of charging the monomer into the polymerization reaction system as described above, and the conjugated diene compound as a monomer Non-conjugated olefins can be copolymerized.
- the injection quantity of a conjugated diene compound and the injection frequency of a conjugated diene compound are not limited thereto.
- the method for charging the conjugated diene compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include continuous charging and divided charging.
- the number of times of adding the conjugated diene compound is not particularly limited, but a range of 1 to 5 times is preferable. If the conjugated diene compound is charged too many times, it may be difficult to distinguish it from a random copolymer.
- the non-conjugated olefin is continuously supplied to the polymerization reaction system. Is preferred. Moreover, the supply method of a nonconjugated olefin is not specifically limited.
- the rubber composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it contains the block copolymer of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the rubber component is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- the block copolymer natural rubber, various butadiene rubbers, various styrene-butadiene copolymer rubbers, isoprene rubbers of the present invention.
- a reinforcing filler can be blended with the rubber composition as necessary.
- the reinforcing filler include carbon black and inorganic filler, and at least one selected from carbon black and inorganic filler is preferable.
- the inorganic filler is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose.
- silica, aluminum hydroxide, clay, alumina, talc, mica, kaolin, glass balloon, glass beads, calcium carbonate examples thereof include magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide, potassium titanate, and barium sulfate. These may be used individually by 1 type and may use 2 or more types together.
- silane coupling agent suitably.
- the content of the reinforcing filler is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 5 parts by mass to 200 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component. If the content of the reinforcing filler is less than 5 parts by mass, the effect of adding the reinforcing filler may not be seen so much, and if it exceeds 200 parts by mass, the rubber filler is mixed with the reinforcing filler. There is a tendency that it does not get caught, and the performance as a rubber composition may be reduced.
- ⁇ Crosslinking agent> There is no restriction
- the content of the crosslinking agent is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose, but is preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component.
- the content of the cross-linking agent is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the cross-linking hardly proceeds, and when the content exceeds 20 parts by mass, the cross-linking tends to progress during kneading with a part of the cross-linking agent.
- the physical properties of the sulfide may be impaired.
- vulcanization accelerators can be used in combination.
- vulcanization accelerators include guanidine, aldehyde-amine, aldehyde-ammonia, thiazole, sulfenamide, thiourea, thiuram, Dithiocarbamate and xanthate compounds can be used.
- Known materials such as ultraviolet ray inhibitors, antistatic agents, anti-coloring agents, and other compounding agents can be used depending on the intended use.
- the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is obtained by crosslinking the rubber composition of the present invention, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the crosslinking conditions are not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected depending on the intended purpose. However, a temperature of 120 ° C. to 200 ° C. and a heating time of 1 minute to 900 minutes are preferable.
- the tire of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the rubber composition of the present invention or the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention is used, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- Examples of the application site in the tire of the rubber composition of the present invention or the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention include, but are not limited to, a tread, a base tread, a sidewall, a side reinforcing rubber, and a bead filler. .
- a method for manufacturing the tire a conventional method can be used. For example, on a tire molding drum, members usually used for manufacturing a tire such as a carcass layer, a belt layer, and a tread layer made of unvulcanized rubber are sequentially laminated, and the drum is removed to obtain a green tire. Next, the desired tire can be manufactured by heat vulcanizing the green tire according to a conventional method.
- the rubber composition of the present invention or the crosslinked rubber composition of the present invention may be used for anti-vibration rubber, seismic isolation rubber, belts (conveyor belts), rubber crawlers, various hoses, Moran and the like. it can.
- Example 1 After 150 ml of toluene was added to a sufficiently dry 2 L stainless steel reactor, ethylene was introduced at 0.4 MPa. On the other hand, in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere, bis (2-phenylindenyl) gadolinium bis (dimethylsilyl) amide [(2-PhC 9 H 6 ) 2 GdN (SiHMe 2 ) 2 ] 14.5 ⁇ mol was placed in a glass container.
- Example 2 After 1 L of toluene was added to a sufficiently dry 2 L stainless steel reactor, ethylene was introduced at 0.8 MPa.
- Example 3 After 1 L of toluene was added to a sufficiently dry 2 L stainless steel reactor, ethylene was introduced at 0.8 MPa.
- the ampoule is kept at the aging temperature (25 ° C.), and a toluene solution of 0.0067 mmol of 2-methoxycarbonylmethylcyclopentadienyltrichlorotitanium [MeO (CO) CH 2 CpTiCl 3 ] (TiES) is added dropwise for aging time (5 minutes ) Hold. Thereafter, a solution of 2.0 g of butadiene and 6.0 g of toluene was added at ⁇ 25 ° C., and polymerization was performed at this temperature for 30 minutes. Subsequently, a pressure of 5 kgf / cm 2 was applied to the vessel with ethylene, and the reaction was allowed to proceed for about 1 hour.
- a toluene solution of 0.0067 mmol of 2-methoxycarbonylmethylcyclopentadienyltrichlorotitanium [MeO (CO) CH 2 CpTiCl 3 ] (TiES) is added dropwise for
- copolymer E block copolymer
- FIG. 4 shows the DSC curve of copolymer D.
- FIG. 5 shows a DSC curve of copolymer E, and
- FIG. 6 shows a DSC curve of copolymer F.
- shaft of a DSC curve shows a heat flow rate.
- FIG. DSC curve of the copolymer D of 4 in a temperature range of 40 ° C. ⁇ 140 ° C., a peak derived from a block portion composed of monomer units of ethylene is not clearly observed, also copolymers F 13
- the peak derived from ethylene at 27.5 ppm to 33 ppm many peaks other than the peak at 29.4 ppm showing ethylene of 4 chains or more (indicating a block part) are observed, and ethylene is 3 chains or less
- ethylene is 3 chains or less
- the endothermic peak at 110 ° C or higher derived from the above random parts in which butadiene and ethylene monomer units (including low molecular weight blocks) are randomly arranged, and short block parts consisting of ethylene monomer units A broad endothermic peak was observed at 40 ° C. to 110 ° C., indicating the formation of.
- the peak area at 70 ° C. to 110 ° C. is 60% or more of the peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C. and 110 ° C.
- Examples 1 to 3 using a block copolymer having a peak area at 140 ° C. of 20% or less of a peak area at 40 ° C. to 140 ° C. are more than Comparative Examples 1 to 5 using no block copolymer. It can be seen that it is excellent in terms of fatigue resistance, low exothermic property, and fracture elongation.
- the copolymer of the present invention can be used for elastomer products in general, particularly for tire members.
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Abstract
Description
また、特開2000-86857号公報(特許文献5)には、共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィンとのブロック共重合体における非共役オレフィン由来部分の長さ(分子量の大きさ)を規定することで、耐疲労性、低発熱性、及び破壊伸びに優れたゴムを製造することについては、記載も示唆もされていない。
以下に、本発明を詳細に説明する。本発明の共重合体は、共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィンとの共重合体であって、ブロック共重合体であり、JIS K 7121-1987に準拠する示差走査熱量(DSC)測定において、70℃~110℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の60%以上であり、且つ、110℃~140℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の20%以下ことを特徴とする。
前記70℃~110℃におけるピークは、比較的小さな重量平均分子量(約1000~約30000)の非共役オレフィン(例えば、エチレン)の単量体単位からなるブロック部分が形成されていることを示し、一方、前記110℃~140℃におけるピークは、大きな重量平均分子量の(約30000以上)非共役オレフィン(例えば、エチレン)の単量体単位からなるブロック部分が形成されていることを示す。また、40℃~140℃におけるピークは、非共役オレフィン(例えば、エチレン)由来部分に基づくピークである。
よって、70℃~110℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の60%以上であり、且つ、110℃~140℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の20%以下であることは、非共役オレフィンの単量体単位からなるブロック部分において、分子量が小さい(非共役オレフィンの重合度が40~1000程度のショートブロック)部分の割合が多いことを示す。
前記シス-1,4結合量は、前記共役ジエン化合物由来部分中の量であって、共重合体全体に対する割合ではない。
前記1,2付加体部分(3,4付加体部分を含む)含量は、前記共役ジエン化合物由来部分中の量であって、共重合体全体に対する割合ではない。
なお、前記共役ジエン化合物部分の1,2付加体部分(3,4付加体部分を含む)含量(共役ジエン化合物由来部分の共役ジエン化合物の1,2付加体部分(3,4付加体部分を含む)含量)は、共役ジエン化合物がブタジエンの場合、1,2-ビニル結合量と同じ意味である。
上述した共役ジエン化合物の具体例のいずれを用いても、同様のメカニズムで本発明の共重合体を調製することができる。
本発明の共重合体の第一の製造方法は、下記に示す重合触媒組成物の存在下、共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィンとを重合させる工程を含む。なお、重合方法としては、溶液重合法、懸濁重合法、液相塊状重合法、乳化重合法、気相重合法、固相重合法等の任意の方法を用いることができる。また、重合反応に溶媒を用いる場合、用いられる溶媒は重合反応において不活性であればよく、例えば、トルエン、ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、またそれらの混合物等が挙げられる。
上記重合触媒組成物としては、下記一般式(I):
(式中、Mは、ランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、CpRは、それぞれ独立して無置換もしくは置換インデニルを示し、Ra~Rfは、それぞれ独立して炭素数1~3のアルキル基又は水素原子を示し、Lは、中性ルイス塩基を示し、wは、0~3の整数を示す)で表されるメタロセン錯体、及び下記一般式(II):
(式中、Mは、ランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、CpRは、それぞれ独立して無置換もしくは置換インデニルを示し、X’は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシド基、チオラート基、アミド基、シリル基又は炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を示し、Lは、中性ルイス塩基を示し、wは、0~3の整数を示す)で表されるメタロセン錯体、並びに下記一般式(III):
(式中、Mは、ランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、CpR’は、無置換もしくは置換シクロペンタジエニル、インデニル又はフルオレニルを示し、Xは、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシド基、チオラート基、アミド基、シリル基又は炭素数1~20の炭化水素基を示し、Lは、中性ルイス塩基を示し、wは、0~3の整数を示し、[B]-は、非配位性アニオンを示す)で表されるハーフメタロセンカチオン錯体からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の錯体を含む重合触媒組成物(以下、第一重合触媒組成物ともいう)が挙げられ、該重合触媒組成物は、更に、通常のメタロセン錯体を含む重合触媒組成物に含有される他の成分、例えば助触媒等を含んでいてもよい。ここで、メタロセン錯体は、一つ又は二つ以上のシクロペンタジエニル又はその誘導体が中心金属に結合した錯体化合物であり、特に、中心金属に結合したシクロペンタジエニル又はその誘導体が一つであるメタロセン錯体を、ハーフメタロセン錯体と称することがある。なお、重合反応系において、第一重合触媒組成物に含まれる錯体の濃度は0.1~0.0001mol/lの範囲であることが好ましい。
(式中、Rは水素原子、メチル基又はエチル基を示す。)
(式中、X’’はハライドを示す。)
(式中、X’’はハライドを示す。)
また、上記重合触媒組成物としては、
(A)成分:希土類元素化合物又は該希土類元素化合物とルイス塩基との反応物であって、希土類元素と炭素との結合を有さない該希土類元素化合物又は反応物と、
(B)成分:非配位性アニオンとカチオンとからなるイオン性化合物(B-1)、アルミノキサン(B-2)、並びにルイス酸、金属ハロゲン化物とルイス塩基との錯化合物及び活性ハロゲンを含む有機化合物のうち少なくとも一種のハロゲン化合物(B-3)よりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種とを含む重合触媒組成物(以下、第二重合触媒組成物ともいう)を好適に挙げることもでき、該重合触媒組成物が、イオン性化合物(B-1)及びハロゲン化合物(B-3)の少なくとも一種を含む場合、該重合触媒組成物は、更に、
(C)成分:下記一般式(i):
YR1 aR2 bR3 c ・・・ (i)
[式中、Yは、周期律表第1族、第2族、第12族及び第13族から選択される金属であり、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なり、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子で、R3は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、但し、R3は上記R1又はR2と同一又は異なっていてもよく、また、Yが周期律表第1族から選択される金属である場合には、aは1で且つb及びcは0であり、Yが周期律表第2族及び第12族から選択される金属である場合には、a及びbは1で且つcは0であり、Yが周期律表第13族から選択される金属である場合には、a、b及びcは1である]で表される有機金属化合物を含むことを特徴とする。上記イオン性化合物(B-1)及び上記ハロゲン化合物(B-3)は、(A)成分へ供給するための炭素原子が存在しないため、該(A)成分への炭素供給源として、上記(C)成分が必要となる。なお、上記重合触媒組成物が上記アルミノキサン(B-2)を含む場合であっても、該重合触媒組成物は、上記(C)成分を含むことができる。また、上記重合触媒組成物は、通常の希土類元素化合物系の重合触媒組成物に含有される他の成分、例えば助触媒等を含んでいてもよい。なお、重合反応系において、第二重合触媒組成物に含まれる(A)成分の濃度は0.1~0.0001mol/lの範囲であることが好ましい。
M11X11 2・L11w ・・・ (XI)
M11X11 3・L11w ・・・ (XII)
[式中、M11は、ランタノイド元素、スカンジウム又はイットリウムを示し、X11は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、アルコキシド基、チオラート基、アミド基、シリル基、アルデヒド残基、ケトン残基、カルボン酸残基、チオカルボン酸残基又はリン化合物残基を示し、L11は、ルイス塩基を示し、wは、0~3を示す]で表されることができる。
YR1 aR2 bR3 c・・・ (i)
[式中、Yは、周期律表第1族、第2族、第12族及び第13族から選択される金属であり、R1及びR2は、同一又は異なり、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子で、R3は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、但し、R3は上記R1又はR2と同一又は異なっていてもよく、また、Yが周期律表第1族から選択される金属である場合には、aは1で且つb及びcは0であり、Yが周期律表第2族及び第12族から選択される金属である場合には、a及びbは1で且つcは0であり、Yが周期律表第13族から選択される金属である場合には、a、b及びcは1である]で表される有機金属化合物であり、下記一般式(X):
AlR11R12R13 ・・・ (X)
[式中、R11及びR12は、同一又は異なり、炭素数1~10の炭化水素基又は水素原子で、R13は炭素数1~10の炭化水素基であり、但し、R13は上記R11又はR12と同一又は異なっていてもよい]で表される有機アルミニウム化合物であることが好ましい。式(X)の有機アルミニウム化合物としては、トリメチルアルミニウム、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリ-n-プロピルアルミニウム、トリイソプロピルアルミニウム、トリ-n-ブチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、トリ-t-ブチルアルミニウム、トリペンチルアルミニウム、トリヘキシルアルミニウム、トリシクロヘキシルアルミニウム、トリオクチルアルミニウム;水素化ジエチルアルミニウム、水素化ジ-n-プロピルアルミニウム、水素化ジ-n-ブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジヘキシルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソヘキシルアルミニウム、水素化ジオクチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソオクチルアルミニウム;エチルアルミニウムジハイドライド、n-プロピルアルミニウムジハイドライド、イソブチルアルミニウムジハイドライド等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、トリエチルアルミニウム、トリイソブチルアルミニウム、水素化ジエチルアルミニウム、水素化ジイソブチルアルミニウムが好ましい。以上に述べた(C)成分としての有機金属化合物は、1種単独で使用することも、2種以上を混合して用いることもできる。なお、上記第二重合触媒組成物における有機アルミニウム化合物の含有量は、(A)成分に対して1~50倍モルであることが好ましく、約10倍モルであることが更に好ましい。
非共役オレフィンの濃度/共役ジエン化合物の濃度 ≧ 1.0
の関係を満たすことが好ましく、更に好ましくは下記式:
非共役オレフィンの濃度/共役ジエン化合物の濃度 ≧ 1.3
の関係を満たし、一層好ましくは下記式:
非共役オレフィンの濃度/共役ジエン化合物の濃度 ≧ 1.7
の関係を満たす。非共役オレフィンの濃度/共役ジエン化合物の濃度の値を1以上とすることで、反応混合物中に非共役オレフィンを効率的に導入することができる。
本発明のゴム組成物としては、本発明のブロック共重合体を含む限り、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、本発明のブロック共重合体以外のゴム成分、補強性充填剤、架橋剤、などを含むことが好ましい。
本発明の共重合体のゴム成分中の含有量としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、3質量%以上が好ましい。
前記共重合体のゴム成分中の含有量が、3質量%未満であると、本発明の特徴が小さかったり、またはその特徴を発揮しなかったりすることがある。
前記ゴム成分としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、本発明のブロック共重合体、天然ゴム、各種ブタジエンゴム、各種スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、イソプレンゴム、ブチルゴム、イソブチレンとp-メチルスチレンの共重合体の臭化物、ハロゲン化ブチルゴム、アクリロニトリロブタジエンゴム、クロロプレンゴム、エチレン-プロピレン共重合体ゴム、エチレン-プロピレン-ジエン共重合体ゴム、スチレン-イソプレン共重合体ゴム、スチレン-イソプレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、イソプレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム、クロロスルホン化ポリエチレン、アクリルゴム、エピクロルヒドリンゴム、多硫化ゴム、シリコーンゴム、フッ素ゴム、ウレタンゴム、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記ゴム組成物には、必要に応じて補強性充填剤を配合することができる。前記補強性充填剤としては、カーボンブラック、無機充填剤、などを挙げることができ、カーボンブラック及び無機充填剤から選択される少なくとも一種が好ましい。
前記無機充填剤としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、シリカ、水酸化アルミニウム、クレー、アルミナ、タルク、マイカ、カオリン、ガラスバルーン、ガラスビーズ、炭酸カルシウム、炭酸マグネシウム、水酸化マグネシウム、炭酸カルシウム、酸化マグネシウム、酸化チタン、チタン酸カリウム、硫酸バリウム、などが挙げられる。これらは、1種単独で使用してもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、無機充填剤を用いる時は適宜シランカップリング剤を使用してもよい。
前記補強性充填剤の含有量が、5質量部未満であると、補強性充填剤を入れる効果があまりみられないことがあり、200質量部を超えると前記ゴム成分に補強性充填剤が混ざり込まなくなる傾向があり、ゴム組成物としての性能を低下させることがある。
前記架橋剤としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、硫黄系架橋剤、有機過酸化物系架橋剤、無機架橋剤、ポリアミン架橋剤、樹脂架橋剤、硫黄化合物系架橋剤、オキシム-ニトロソアミン系架橋剤硫黄などが挙げられるが、中でもタイヤ用ゴム組成物としては硫黄系架橋剤がより好ましい。
前記架橋剤の含有量が0.1質量部未満では、架橋がほとんど進行しなかったり、20質量部を超えると一部の架橋剤により混練り中に架橋が進んでしまう傾向があったり、加硫物の物性が損なわれたりすることがある。
その他に加硫促進剤を併用することも可能であり、加硫促進剤としては、グアジニン系、アルデヒド-アミン系、アルデヒド-アンモニア系、チアゾール系、スルフェンアミド系、チオ尿素系、チウラム系、ジチオカルバメート系、ザンテート系等の化合物が使用できる。
また必要に応じて、補強剤、軟化剤、充填剤、加硫助剤、着色剤、難燃剤、滑剤、発泡剤、可塑剤、加工助剤、酸化防止剤、老化防止剤、スコーチ防止剤、紫外線防止剤、帯電防止剤、着色防止剤、その他の配合剤など公知のものをその使用目的に応じて使用することができる。
本発明の架橋ゴム組成物は、本発明のゴム組成物を架橋して得られたものである限り、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
前記架橋の条件としては、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができるが、温度120℃~200℃、加温時間1分間~900分間が好ましい。
本発明のタイヤは、本発明のゴム組成物、又は、本発明の架橋ゴム組成物を用いたものである限り、特に制限はなく、目的に応じて適宜選択することができる。
本発明のゴム組成物、又は、本発明の架橋ゴム組成物のタイヤにおける適用部位としては、例えば、トレッド、ベーストレッド、サイドウォール、サイド補強ゴム及びビードフィラーなどが挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
前記タイヤを製造する方法としては、慣用の方法を用いることができる。例えば、タイヤ成形用ドラム上に未加硫ゴムからなるカーカス層、ベルト層、トレッド層等の通常タイヤ製造に用いられる部材を順次貼り重ね、ドラムを抜き去ってグリーンタイヤとする。次いで、このグリーンタイヤを常法に従って加熱加硫することにより、所望のタイヤを製造することができる。
タイヤ用途以外にも、防振ゴム、免震ゴム、ベルト(コンベアベルト)、ゴムクローラ、各種ホース、モランなどに本発明のゴム組成物、又は、本発明の架橋ゴム組成物を使用することができる。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、トルエン150mlを添加した後、エチレンを0.4MPaで導入した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-PhC9H6)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]14.5μmol、トリフェニルカルボニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(Ph3CB(C6F5)4)14.1μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド0.87mmolを仕込み、トルエン5mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で14.1μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、50℃で10分間重合を行った。その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン3.05g(0.056mol)を含むトルエン溶液20mlを添加した後、さらに10分間重合を行った。次に、「エチレンの導入圧力を0.8MPaに戻し5分間重合を行い、その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン6.09g(0.113mol)を含むトルエン溶液40mlを添加し、その後さらに20分間重合を行う」という操作を計3回繰り返した。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体Aを得た。得られた共重合体Aの収量は20.10gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、トルエン1Lを添加した後、エチレンを0.8MPaで導入した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-PhC9H6)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]18.2μmol、トリフェニルカルボニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(Ph3CB(C6F5)4)18.2μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.73mmolを仕込み、トルエン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で16.5μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、40℃で1分間重合を行った。その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン72g(1.33mol)を含むトルエン溶液350mlを添加した後、エチレンの導入圧力を1.5MPaにあげ30分間重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体Bを得た。得られた共重合体Bの収量は43.50gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、トルエン1Lを添加した後、エチレンを0.8MPaで導入した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-PhC9H6)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]18.2μmol、トリフェニルカルボニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(Ph3CB(C6F5)4)18.2μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド2.73mmolを仕込み、トルエン20mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で16.5μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、40℃で1分間重合を行った。その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン72g(1.33mol)を含むトルエン溶液350mlを添加した後、エチレンの導入圧力を1.5MPaにあげ40分間重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体C(ブロック共重合体)を得た。得られた共重合体Cの収量は50.50gであった。
比較例サンプルとして、ブタジエンゴム(BR01、JSR製)を準備した。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、1,3-ブタジエン28.0g(0.52mol)を含むトルエン溶液700mlを添加した後、エチレンを0.8MPaで導入した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にジメチルアルミニウム(μ-ジメチル)ビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ネオジウム[(2-PhC9H6)2Nd(μ-Me)2AlMe2]400.0μmol、トリフェニルカルボニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(Ph3CB(C6F5)4)200.0μmolを仕込み、トルエン80mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ネオジウム換算で390.0μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、室温で120分間重合を行った。重合後、2,2´-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体D(ランダム共重合体)を得た。得られた共重合体Dの収量は18.00gであった。
特開2000-86857号公報の製造例1に示されるように、内容積150mlの密封型耐圧ガラスアンプルに、窒素雰囲気下で、トルエン26.0gとメチルアルミノサン6.7mmolのトルエン溶液(東ソー・アクゾ社製)を仕込んだ。エージング温度(25℃)にアンプルを保持し、2-メトキシカルボニルメチルシクロペンタジエニルトリクロロチタン〔MeO(CO)CH2CpTiCl3〕(TiES)0.0067mmolのトルエン溶液を滴下しエージング時間(5分間)保持した。その後、-25℃としてブタジエン2.0gとトルエン6.0gの溶液を添加して、この温度にて30分間重合させた。引き続き、この容器にエチレンで5kgf/cm2の圧力をかけ、約1時間反応させた。その後、少量の酸性メタノール溶液で重合反応を停止し、次いで重合溶液を大量の酸性メタノールに注ぎ込み、析出した白色固体をろ取、乾燥し、共重合体E(ブロック共重合体)を得た。
十分に乾燥した400ml耐圧ガラス反応器に、エチレンを0.8MPaで導入した後、1,3-ブタジエン9.14g(0.17mol)を含むトルエン溶液160mlを添加した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-PhC9H6)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]28.5μmol、ジメチルアニリニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート[Me2NHPhB(C6F5)4]34.2μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド1.43mmolを仕込み、トルエン8mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で28.2μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、室温で60分間重合を行った。その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.1MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、新たに1,3-ブタジエン9.14g(0.17mol)を含むトルエン溶液60mlを1.0ml/minの速度で添加し、その後さらに60分間重合を行った。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体F(テーパー共重合体)を得た。得られた共重合体Fの収量は16.30gであった。
十分に乾燥した2Lステンレス反応器に、トルエン150mlを添加した後、エチレンを0.8MPaで導入した。一方、窒素雰囲気下のグローブボックス中で、ガラス製容器にビス(2-フェニルインデニル)ガドリニウムビス(ジメチルシリル)アミド[(2-PhC9H6)2GdN(SiHMe2)2]14.5μmol、トリフェニルカルボニウムテトラキス(ペンタフルオロフェニル)ボレート(Ph3CB(C6F5)4)14.1μmol、及びジイソブチルアルミニウムハイドライド0.87mmolを仕込み、トルエン5mlに溶解させて触媒溶液とした。その後、グローブボックスから触媒溶液を取り出し、ガドリニウム換算で14.1μmolとなる量をモノマー溶液へ添加し、80℃で15分間重合を行った。その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン3.05g(0.056mol)を含むトルエン溶液20mlを添加した後、さらに15分間重合を行った。次に、「エチレンの導入圧力を0.8MPに戻し5分間重合を行い、その後、エチレンの導入圧力を0.2MPa/minの速度で低下させながら、1,3-ブタジエン6.09g(0.113mol)を含むトルエン溶液40mlを添加し、その後さらに30分間重合を行う」という操作を計3回繰り返した。重合後、2,2’-メチレン-ビス(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)(NS-5)5質量%のイソプロパノール溶液1mlを加えて反応を停止させ、さらに大量のメタノールで共重合体を分離し、70℃で真空乾燥し重合体Gを得た。得られた共重合体Gの収量は21.00gであった。
なお、DSC曲線の縦軸は、熱流量を示す。
共重合体中のブタジエン部分の(シス-1,4結合量)を、13C-NMRスペクトル(100℃、d-テトラクロロエタン標準:73.8ppm)によりシス-1,4結合成分(26.5-27.5ppm)と全体のブタジエン結合成分(26.5-27.5ppm+31.5-32.5ppm)の積分比より求めた。シス-1,4結合量(%)の計算値を表1に示す。
(2)エチレンの含有率
共重合体中のエチレン部分の含有率(mol%)を13C-NMRスペクトル(100℃、d-テトラクロロエタン標準:73.8ppm)により全体のエチレン結合成分(28.5-30.0ppm)と全体のブタジエン結合成分(26.5-27.5ppm+31.5-32.5ppm)の積分比より求めた。エチレン部分の含有率(mol%)を表1に示す。
(3)重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)
ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー[GPC:東ソー製HLC-8121GPC/HT、カラム:東ソー製GMHHR-H(S)HT×2本、検出器:示差屈折率計(RI)]で単分散ポリスチレンを基準として、重合体のポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)及び分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を求めた。なお、測定温度は140℃である。
(4)DSC曲線
JIS K7121-1987に準拠して示差走査熱量測定(DSC)を行い、DSC曲線を描き、(i)40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積に対する70℃~110℃におけるピーク面積比(%)、(ii)40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積に対する110℃~140℃におけるピーク面積比(%)を測定した。なお、測定は、単体ポリマーや触媒残渣等の不純物の影響を避けるため、共重合体を大量のテトラヒドロフランに48h浸漬し、テトラヒドロフランに溶解する成分を全て取り除いた後、乾燥したゴム成分をサンプルとして使用した。
また、共重合体A~Cの13C-NMRスペクトルチャートでは、29.4ppmにエチレンブロック部分に由来するピークが見られた。
以上より、共重合体A~Cは、1,3-ブタジエン及びエチレンのブロック共重合体であることが分かる。
※2:N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学(株)製、ノクセラーCZ-G
※3:ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド、大内新興化学(株)製、ノクセラーDM-P
動的スペクトロメーター(米国レオメトリックス社製)を使用し、周波数15Hz、50℃の条件で引張動歪10%の損失正接(10%tanδ)を測定した。結果を表1に示す。表1の「低発熱性(指数)」では、低発熱性(指数)=損失正接/(比較例1の損失正接)×100として表示し、指数値が大きい程、低発熱性(低ロス性)に優れることを示す。
JIS3号試験片中心部に0.5mmの亀裂を入れ、室温で-50%~100%の一定歪みで繰り返し屈曲疲労と伸張疲労を与え、サンプルが切断するまでの回数を測定した。比較例1を100として、実施例1~3及び比較例2~5の測定結果を指数表示した。指数値が大きい程、耐疲労性が良好であることを示す。結果を表1に示す。なお、表1中>200は比較例1に対し2倍の回数の繰り返し疲労を与えても、サンプルの切断が起こらなかったことを示す。
JIS K 6251に従って、100℃の温度条件にて引っ張り試験による破断点伸びを測定した。比較例1を100として、比較例および実施例を表1に指数表示した。指数値が大きい程、高温破壊伸びが良好であることを示す。結果を表1に示す。
Claims (15)
- 共役ジエン化合物と非共役オレフィンとの共重合体であって、
ブロック共重合体であり、
JIS K 7121-1987に準拠する示差走査熱量(DSC)測定において、70℃~110℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の60%以上であり、且つ、110℃~140℃におけるピーク面積が40℃~140℃におけるピーク面積の20%以下であることを特徴とする共重合体。 - 共役ジエン化合物由来部分のシス-1,4結合量が80%以上であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィンの含有量が0mol%を超え且つ40mol%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 前記ブロック共重合体の構造が、(A-B)x、A-(B-A)x及びB-(A-B)x(ここで、Aは、非共役オレフィンの単量体単位からなるブロック部分であり、Bは、共役ジエン化合物の単量体単位からなるブロック部分であり、xは1以上の整数である)のいずれかであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- ポリスチレン換算重量平均分子量が10,000~10,000,000であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 分子量分布(Mw/Mn)が10以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィンが非環状オレフィンであることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィンは、炭素数が2~10であることを特徴とする請求項1又は7に記載の共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィンが、エチレン、プロピレン及び1-ブテンよりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項7又は8に記載の共重合体。
- 前記非共役オレフィンが、エチレンであることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の共重合体。
- 前記共役ジエン化合物が、1,3-ブタジエン及びイソプレンよりなる群から選択される少なくとも一種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の共重合体。
- 請求項1に記載の共重合体を含むことを特徴とするゴム組成物。
- ゴム成分100質量部に対し、補強性充填剤5質量部~200質量部と、架橋剤0.1質量部~20質量部とを含むことを特徴とする請求項12に記載のゴム組成物。
- 請求項12に記載のゴム組成物を架橋して得られたことを特徴とする架橋ゴム組成物。
- 請求項12に記載のゴム組成物、又は、請求項14に記載の架橋ゴム組成物を用いたことを特徴とするタイヤ。
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Cited By (7)
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WO2015166615A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | マルチブロック共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
WO2015166616A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | マルチブロック共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
WO2017064861A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 多元共重合体、ゴム組成物、架橋ゴム組成物、及びゴム物品 |
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WO2019097853A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-23 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、共重合体の製造方法、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
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US10125210B2 (en) | 2014-05-02 | 2018-11-13 | Bridgestone Corporation | Multiblock copolymer, rubber composition, and tire |
WO2015166616A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | マルチブロック共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
JP2015212333A (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-26 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | マルチブロック共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
WO2015166615A1 (ja) * | 2014-05-02 | 2015-11-05 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | マルチブロック共重合体、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
US11059928B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2021-07-13 | Bridgestone Corporation | Multi-component copolymer, rubber composition, crosslinked rubber composition and rubber article |
JP2017075285A (ja) * | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 多元共重合体、ゴム組成物、架橋ゴム組成物、及びゴム物品 |
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US10920003B2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2021-02-16 | Bridgestone Corporation | Multi-component copolymer, rubber composition, crosslinked rubber composition and rubber article |
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US11236185B2 (en) | 2017-11-16 | 2022-02-01 | Bridgestone Corporation | Copolymer, production method for copolymer, rubber composition, and tire |
EP3712183A4 (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2022-02-09 | Bridgestone Corporation | COPOLYMER, COPOLYMER MANUFACTURING PROCESS, RUBBER COMPOSITION AND TIRES |
JP7244432B2 (ja) | 2017-11-16 | 2023-03-22 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、共重合体の製造方法、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
WO2019171679A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-05 | 2019-09-12 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 共重合体、共重合体の製造方法、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
WO2024088247A1 (zh) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-05-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 共聚物及其制备方法和硫化胶及其应用 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2716670B1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
EP2716670A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
US9139680B2 (en) | 2015-09-22 |
CN103562246A (zh) | 2014-02-05 |
EP2716670A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
JPWO2012164914A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
RU2553474C1 (ru) | 2015-06-20 |
JP5739991B2 (ja) | 2015-06-24 |
BR112013030818A2 (pt) | 2016-12-06 |
CN103562246B (zh) | 2015-07-15 |
US20140179861A1 (en) | 2014-06-26 |
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