WO2012150109A1 - Process for producing formed thermoplastic - Google Patents
Process for producing formed thermoplastic Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2012150109A1 WO2012150109A1 PCT/EP2012/056529 EP2012056529W WO2012150109A1 WO 2012150109 A1 WO2012150109 A1 WO 2012150109A1 EP 2012056529 W EP2012056529 W EP 2012056529W WO 2012150109 A1 WO2012150109 A1 WO 2012150109A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- process according
- shape
- formed shape
- profile
- former
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/02—Thermal shrinking
- B29C61/025—Thermal shrinking for the production of hollow or tubular articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/002—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
- B29C51/004—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C51/00—Shaping by thermoforming, i.e. shaping sheets or sheet like preforms after heating, e.g. shaping sheets in matched moulds or by deep-drawing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C51/08—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only
- B29C51/082—Deep drawing or matched-mould forming, i.e. using mechanical means only by shaping between complementary mould parts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
- B29C61/02—Thermal shrinking
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C69/00—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore
- B29C69/02—Combinations of shaping techniques not provided for in a single one of main groups B29C39/00 - B29C67/00, e.g. associations of moulding and joining techniques; Apparatus therefore of moulding techniques only
- B29C69/025—Deforming articles in a simpler intermediate shape without internal stresses for packaging transporting or storage and reshaping and fixing the original configuration on the place of use
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B29/00—Packaging of materials presenting special problems
- B65B29/02—Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package
- B65B29/028—Packaging of substances, e.g. tea, which are intended to be infused in the package packaging infusion material into filter bags
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
- B29K2067/04—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids
- B29K2067/046—PLA, i.e. polylactic acid or polylactide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0065—Permeability to gases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/712—Containers; Packaging elements or accessories, Packages
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the manufacture of formed thermoplastic, in particular to form infusion packets such as tea bags having a pre-determined three-dimensional shape, and in particular, shapes having sharp features.
- infusion packets such as tea bags were available primarily as square or round two-ply sheets of porous filter material, typically made of paper, with the infusible material, such as tea, sandwiched between the sheets.
- Such packets restrict the flow of infusible material within the packet substantially to two dimensions.
- the infusion performance of such packets is limited.
- mass-produced infusion packets which have a more three-dimensional shape and which allow the infusible substance more room to move.
- tetrahedral-shaped packets such as those described in the international patent applications published as WO 95/01907 (Unilever) and WO 2004/033303 (I.M.A. SPA).
- the tetrahedral shape is conventionally formed by making mutually perpendicular transverse seals in a tube of filter material and apparatus designed for such manufacture is ill-suited to the manufacture of other three- dimensional shapes.
- thermoforming processes whilst capable of generating a variety of three-dimensional shapes, are not suitable for use with infusion packet material, particularly when the shapes comprise sharp features.
- infusion packets are most commonly made of paper, which is not thermoformable. Secondly, even if they were made from a thermoformable material, they would be inappropriate for thermoforming due to their porosity and thinness of the material.
- thermoforming processes involve a first step of heating the material followed by a second step of thermoforming the material.
- the very small heat capacity of infusion packet material means that any heating will quickly be lost and so this approach will not work.
- thermoforming techniques typically involve the use of air pressure to form the material.
- porosity of infusion packet material makes this approach impractical, as any difference in air pressure across the material will quickly equalise.
- thermoforming is not a practical method of generating three- dimensional shapes from infusion packet material comprises sharp features.
- the invention relates to a process for forming a sheet of thermoplastic material into a three-dimensional shape comprising at least one vertex, the process comprising the steps of:
- step (iii) raising the temperature of the first formed shape above that of forming in step (i), thereby causing the first formed shape to shrink back towards its original sheet form and thereby adopting the profile of the male former.
- the process thus involves forming the thermoplastic material into a first formed shape which is larger than the eventual formed shape. Furthermore the first formed shape contains no sharp features so that the stresses induced in the material during forming are evenly spread throughout the material. Once formed, the first formed shape is caused to shrink-back onto a male former having sharp features, thus generating a formed shape having sharp features. The stresses induced around the sharp features, although not completely removed, are greatly less than those that would be encountered if the material were thermoformed directly by the male former having sharp features.
- the thermoplastic material has an average thickness of less than 1.0 mm, preferably less than 0.50 mm, more preferably less than 0.2 mm, most preferably from 0.01 to 0.1 mm.
- thermoplastic material is gas permeable.
- it may comprise filaments of thermoplastic material in a fabric form.
- the male former comprises a vertex in its profile, which is a point, peak or pinnacle formed by the confluence of one or more faces of the profile and is effectively zero dimensional in geometric terms.
- the vertex may extend over a small area, e.g. a millimetre or two, and may comprise a small degree of rounding.
- An edge which extends over a length and is one dimensional and formed from the confluence of two sides, does not constitute a vertex.
- the vertex may for example be the pinnacle of a conical form, where the vertex is formed by only one face or side. Equally the vertex could be the pinnacle of three or more sides, for example a corner of a cuboid or a pinnacle of a pyramidal profile.
- the male former may comprise a plurality of vertices in its profile, according to whichever shape is desired.
- the first step of forming the sheet of thermoplastic material may be carried out by any known forming process known in the art.
- the first formed shape is formed by a male former, so that the first formed shape adopts the profile of the male former.
- any male former employed in the first step typically has a profile without any edges or vertices where it comes into contact with the thermoplastic material. As discussed above, this is to reduce stress in the material during initial forming.
- the heat treatment step can be carried out in a wide variety of ways, however a preferred method of heating the thermoplastic material is to direct a heated gas stream onto the thermoplastic material. This is particularly effective if the material is porous and relatively thin, as the low heat capacity of the material results in a short heating time.
- the temperature of the thermoplastic material in the third step is greater than that in the first forming step and is preferably greater than 100°C, more preferably greater than 120°C, most preferably from 130 to 200°C. As discussed above, this can be achieved at least by directing gas at a temperature in excess of these levels.
- thermoplastic material can be made form a wide variety of materials, however polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and poly lactic acid (PLA) are preferred.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- PLA poly lactic acid
- the process according to the present invention is capable of generating three- dimensional shapes which can then be used as infusion packet material.
- shapes such as tetrahedral, pyramidal, parallelepipeds, prisms, cones and the like are possible.
- pyramidal and/or tetrahedral shapes are preferred.
- the process is generally followed by the step of depositing a particulate product, typically comprising infusible entities such as tea leaves, into the formed thermoplastic material. This step is then typically followed by sealing the formed material to produce a sealed porous infusion packet.
- Figure 1 is a side view of apparatus for use in a process according to the invention.
- Figure 2 is another side view of apparatus for use in a process according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a mould and formed thermoplastic according to the present invention.
- Figures 4a to 4c are images of a thermoplastic material being formed by a process according to the present invention.
- Figure 5 is an image of a formed thermoplastic shape made by a process according to the invention.
- figure 1 shows a sheet of porous poly lactic acid 10 having a thickness of 50 ⁇ and held between clamps 12.
- a male former 14 is positioned above the sheet 10 and is heated to a temperature of 100°C.
- the male former 14 has no vertices or sharp features and is hemispherical in shape.
- the male former 14 is moved towards the sheet 10 and contacts the sheet 10. Due to the small amount of material in the sheet 10, it rapidly rises in temperature approaching 100°C at the region of contact with the male former 14. Thus no pre heat treatment of the sheet 10 is necessary for thermoforming.
- the male former 14 continues to move towards the sheet 10 until it is in the position shown in figure 2. At this point the sheet 10 has been formed into a first formed hemispherical shape 20. Once the first formed shape 20 has been formed, male former 14 is withdrawn and is replaced with a male former 22.
- the male former 22 is tetrahedral in shape with a vertex 24 formed by three sides (only one shown). The male former 22 is smaller than the first formed shape 20 and fits inside it without contact.
- the first formed shape 20 is then heated by passing heated air over it at a temperature of 140°C. This has the effect of causing the first formed shape 22 to shrink back towards its original shape 10.
- the first formed shape is prevented from doing so and instead adopts the profile of the male former 22.
- This forms profile 26, which closely adopts the profile of the male former 22 and importantly adopts the profile of the vertex 24.
- Figures 4a to 4c provide images of various stages of the above process.
- Figure 4a shows the hemispherical first formed shape 20 with the male former 22 positioned inside it.
- FIG. 4b shows the formed shape 28 being clamped in position by clamps 30. Also shown is a tube 32, from which the heated air flowed.
- Figure 4c shows the final shape 28 once the former 22 and clamps 30 have been removed. It can be seen that a tetrahedral shape having a sharp vertex has been formed in the material.
- Figure 5 shows the final shape 28 removed from its clamps 12, together with a further image of the final shape 38 after it has been folded, ready to be filled with particulate infusion material and sealed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Blow-Moulding Or Thermoforming Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Packages (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)
- Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EA201391619A EA024513B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Process for forming a sheet of thermoplastic material into a three-dimensional shape |
PL12713156T PL2704895T3 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Process for producing formed thermoplastic |
EP12713156.3A EP2704895B1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Process for producing formed thermoplastic |
US14/113,400 US10011070B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Process for producing formed thermoplastic |
JP2014508728A JP5964412B2 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Production process of molded thermoplastic resin |
CN201280021641.4A CN103561938B (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | The method manufacturing molded thermoplastic |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP11164540.4 | 2011-05-03 | ||
EP11164540 | 2011-05-03 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2012150109A1 true WO2012150109A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
Family
ID=44650665
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2012/056529 WO2012150109A1 (en) | 2011-05-03 | 2012-04-11 | Process for producing formed thermoplastic |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10011070B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2704895B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5964412B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN103561938B (en) |
EA (1) | EA024513B1 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2704895T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2012150109A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITBO20120706A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-22 | Ima Ind Srl | MACHINE FOR FORMING BAGS WITH INFUSION PRODUCTS |
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DE1479082A1 (en) * | 1962-11-20 | 1969-04-30 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Method and device for covering concave-conically curved surfaces of revolution |
WO1995001907A2 (en) | 1993-07-08 | 1995-01-19 | Unilever Plc | Apparatus and methods for producing packets |
WO2004033303A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | I.M.A. Industria Macchine Automatiche S.P.A. | A machine and method for making filter bags of tetrahedral shape for infusion products |
JP2004223948A (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Double-layer panel |
EP1825998A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-29 | Cryovac, Inc. | Gas-barrier shrink films and their use in deep-drawing applications |
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2012
- 2012-04-11 WO PCT/EP2012/056529 patent/WO2012150109A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-04-11 JP JP2014508728A patent/JP5964412B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-04-11 US US14/113,400 patent/US10011070B2/en active Active
- 2012-04-11 PL PL12713156T patent/PL2704895T3/en unknown
- 2012-04-11 EP EP12713156.3A patent/EP2704895B1/en active Active
- 2012-04-11 CN CN201280021641.4A patent/CN103561938B/en active Active
- 2012-04-11 EA EA201391619A patent/EA024513B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
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DE1479082A1 (en) * | 1962-11-20 | 1969-04-30 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Method and device for covering concave-conically curved surfaces of revolution |
WO1995001907A2 (en) | 1993-07-08 | 1995-01-19 | Unilever Plc | Apparatus and methods for producing packets |
WO2004033303A1 (en) | 2002-10-09 | 2004-04-22 | I.M.A. Industria Macchine Automatiche S.P.A. | A machine and method for making filter bags of tetrahedral shape for infusion products |
JP2004223948A (en) * | 2003-01-24 | 2004-08-12 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Double-layer panel |
EP1825998A1 (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2007-08-29 | Cryovac, Inc. | Gas-barrier shrink films and their use in deep-drawing applications |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITBO20120706A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-22 | Ima Ind Srl | MACHINE FOR FORMING BAGS WITH INFUSION PRODUCTS |
WO2014097206A1 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Ima Industries S.R.L. | Machine for making filter bags for infusion products. |
CN104936862A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2015-09-23 | I.M.A.工业机械自动化股份公司 | Machine for making filter bags for infusion products |
JP2016508926A (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-03-24 | イ.エンメ.ア.インドゥストリアマッキーネ アウトマティケ ソチエタ ペル アツィオニ | Machine for manufacturing filter bags for leached products |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EA201391619A1 (en) | 2014-02-28 |
EP2704895B1 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
US20140048979A1 (en) | 2014-02-20 |
CN103561938A (en) | 2014-02-05 |
CN103561938B (en) | 2016-06-29 |
JP2014519423A (en) | 2014-08-14 |
EP2704895A1 (en) | 2014-03-12 |
JP5964412B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
US10011070B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 |
PL2704895T3 (en) | 2015-11-30 |
EA024513B1 (en) | 2016-09-30 |
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