WO2012034599A1 - Remote verification of attributes in a communication network - Google Patents
Remote verification of attributes in a communication network Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012034599A1 WO2012034599A1 PCT/EP2010/063709 EP2010063709W WO2012034599A1 WO 2012034599 A1 WO2012034599 A1 WO 2012034599A1 EP 2010063709 W EP2010063709 W EP 2010063709W WO 2012034599 A1 WO2012034599 A1 WO 2012034599A1
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- Prior art keywords
- claimant
- key
- session key
- verification
- evaluation
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
- H04W12/043—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA] using a trusted network node as an anchor
- H04W12/0431—Key distribution or pre-distribution; Key agreement
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/10—Integrity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
- H04W12/041—Key generation or derivation
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/10—Integrity
- H04W12/106—Packet or message integrity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/10—Integrity
- H04W12/108—Source integrity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
- H04W12/12—Detection or prevention of fraud
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W84/00—Network topologies
- H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
- H04W84/04—Large scale networks; Deep hierarchical networks
- H04W84/042—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems
- H04W84/047—Public Land Mobile systems, e.g. cellular systems using dedicated repeater stations
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W88/00—Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
- H04W88/02—Terminal devices
- H04W88/04—Terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus, a method, a system, and a computer program product related to remote verification of attributes in a communication network. More particularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus, a method, a system, and a computer program product for remote verification of attributes of a relay node in a communication network.
- the Evolved Packet System is known by the brand name long term evolution (LTE) network. It comprises the E-UTRAN Radio Access network and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) .
- the 3 rd generation partnership program (3GPP) is in the process of defining an enhancement to the evolved packet system that introduces so-called Relay Nodes (RNs) into the EPS
- An EPS architecture including RNs is also called a (EPS) Relay Node Architecture.
- EPS EPS Relay Node Architecture
- a particular EPS Relay Node Architecture has been selected by 3GPP for further elaboration. This selected architecture is documented in 3GPP technical specification (TS) 36.806, cf.
- An RN is a base station that relays traffic between a User Equipment (UE) and another base station (evolved NodeB, eNB) , the donor base station (DeNB) .
- UE User Equipment
- eNB evolved NodeB
- DeNB donor base station
- Both the Uu interface between the UE and the RN and the Un interface between the RN and the DeNB are radio interfaces.
- Uu and Un are very similar.
- the Uu interface between a UE and an eNB in an EPS architecture without relay nodes is identical to an Uu interface between a UE and an RN, i.e. the UE is not aware of the presence of the RN.
- An RN has two faces: towards the UE it acts as an eNB; and towards the DeNB it acts like a UE .
- the UE characteristics of an RN come into play in particular when the connections over the radio interface Un are established during the so-called RN start-up phase, cf. 3GPP document R2-102085, available at http: // ' www .3gpp . org/ftp/tsg ran/WG2 RL2/TSGR2 69bis/Docs/R2- 102085. zip .
- the RN attaches to the network, and the radio bearers on Un between the RN and its DeNB are established in the same way in which a UE attaches to the network and establishes radio bearers over the Uu interface between the UE and an eNB.
- MME mobility management entity
- This MME is called the Relay UE's MME, or MME-RN for short.
- the MME-RN The MME-RN
- the HSS contains the subscription data of the RN in its UE-role.
- the RN also contains a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) on a universal integrated circuit card (UICC) to enable authentication.
- USIM-RN (not shown in Fig. 1) .
- NAS non-access stratum
- MME-RN Relay Nodes in the EPC that controls the DeNB needs to verify whether the entity requesting to be attached belongs to the class of relay nodes and satisfies certain properties (attributes) required of a relay node, in
- the MME-RN according to the present technical specifications does not have the means to verify the required RN attributes directly.
- the DeNB and the MME-RN may be enhanced with specific functionality using certificates.
- an apparatus comprising property checking means configured to check whether a claimant property information received from a claimant device corresponds to a predefined claimant attribute; obtaining means configured to obtain a result, which is positive only if the claimant property information corresponds to the predefined claimant attribute as checked by the property checking means; key generation means configured to generate a first claimant intermediate key from a predefined claimant permanent key stored in the apparatus; supplying means configured to supply, to the claimant device, the first claimant intermediate key using a secured protocol, wherein at least one of the key generation means and the supplying means is configured to generate and to supply, respectively, the first claimant intermediate key only if the result is positive.
- the secured protocol may be a cryptographic protocol based on a certificate.
- the apparatus may further comprise certificate checking means configured to check whether the certificate is valid, and wherein the obtaining means may be additionally configured to obtain the positive result only if the certificate is valid.
- the claimant property information may be comprised in the certificate.
- the apparatus may further comprise secure storing means configured to securely store at least one of a key of the secured protocol and the claimant permanent key such that the securely stored key may not be extracted from the apparatus without a corresponding authorization.
- the key generation means may be configured to generate the first claimant intermediate key using an authentication and key agreement protocol.
- a tamper resistant module comprising an apparatus according to the first aspect.
- supplying means configured to supply a claimant property information of the apparatus to an evaluation device using a secured protocol; establishing means configured to
- claimant session key is based on a first claimant
- the secured protocol may be a cryptograph protocol based on a certificate.
- the claimant property information is comprised in the certificate.
- the claimant property information may comprise information whether or not at least one of the following items is fulfilled: a presence of a secure storing means in the apparatus, wherein the secure storing means is configured to securely store a key of the secured protocol such that the key may not be extracted from the apparatus without a corresponding authorization; an ability to perform an autonomous platform validation ensuring the integrity of a hardware and a software of the apparatus; and a predefined functionality apart from the presence and the ability is provided by the apparatus.
- the apparatus may further comprise key generation means configured to generate an effective claimant session key from the first claimant intermediate key, and wherein the
- establishing means may be configured to establish the
- the apparatus may be configured to protect the communication with the enforcement device based on the effective claimant session key.
- a relay node comprising an apparatus according to the third aspect of the invention.
- an apparatus comprising verification means
- obtaining means configured to obtain a result, which is positive only if the device class information corresponds to the predefined device class as checked by the verification means; key generation means configured to generate a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the apparatus; supplying means configured to supply the second claimant session key and the result to an
- an apparatus comprising establishing means
- verification device is different from the claimant, and granting means configured to grant access to a communication resource for the claimant only if a result received from the verification device is positive and if the establishing means established the communication.
- the apparatus may further comprise key generation means configured to generate a third claimant session key from the second claimant session key, and wherein the communication may require that the third claimant session key matches the effective claimant session key.
- a seventh aspect of the invention there is provided a system, comprising an evaluation apparatus
- the verification apparatus comprises a key generation means configured to generate a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the verification apparatus, and a supplying means configured to supply the second claimant session key to the enforcement apparatus;
- the enforcement apparatus comprises an
- the establishing means configured to establish, with the claimant apparatus, a communication, which requires that the second claimant session key received from the verification apparatus corresponds to the effective claimant session key of the claimant apparatus, and a granting means configured to grant access to a communication resource for the claimant apparatus only if the establishing means established the communication;
- the claimant apparatus comprises the claimant device of the evaluation apparatus;
- the evaluation apparatus comprises the evaluation device of the claimant apparatus;
- the claimant property information supplied by the claimant apparatus corresponds to the claimant property information received by the evaluation apparatus;
- the first claimant intermediate key supplied by the evaluation apparatus corresponds to the first claimant intermediate key received by the claimant apparatus;
- the secured protocol of the evaluation apparatus is the same as the secured protocol of the claimant apparatus.
- the verification device comprises an apparatus according to the fifth aspect
- the enforcement device comprises an apparatus according to the sixth aspect.
- a method comprising checking whether a claimant property information received from a claimant device corresponds to a predefined claimant attribute; obtaining a result, which is positive only if the claimant property information corresponds to the predefined claimant attribute as checked in the checking step; generating a first claimant intermediate key from a predefined claimant permanent key stored in an apparatus performing the method; supplying, to the claimant device, the first claimant intermediate key using a secured protocol, wherein at least one of the generating and the supplying is performed only if the result is positive.
- the secured protocol may be a cryptographic protocol based on a certificate.
- the method may further comprise checking whether the
- the result of the obtaining may be positive result only if the certificate is valid.
- the claimant property information may be comprised in the certificate.
- the method may further comprise securely storing at least one of a key of the secured protocol and the claimant permanent key such that the securely stored key may not be extracted from an apparatus performing the method without a
- the generating the first claimant intermediate key may use an authentication and key agreement protocol.
- the method may be an evaluation method.
- a ninth aspect of the invention there is provided a method, comprising supplying a claimant property information of an apparatus performing the method to an evaluation device using a secured protocol; establishing communication with an enforcement device different from the evaluation device based on an effective claimant session key, wherein the effective claimant session key is based on a first claimant intermediate key received from the evaluation device .
- the secured protocol may be a cryptographic protocol based on a certificate.
- the claimant property information may be comprised in the certificate.
- the claimant property information may comprise information whether or not at least one of the following items is fulfilled: a presence of a secure storing means in the apparatus, wherein the secure storing means is configured to securely store a key of the secured protocol such that the key may not be extracted from the apparatus without a corresponding authorization; an ability to perform an
- autonomous platform validation ensuring the integrity of a hardware and a software of the apparatus; and a predefined functionality apart from the presence and the ability is provided by the apparatus .
- the method may further comprise generating an effective claimant session key from the first claimant intermediate key, and wherein the establishing may use the effective claimant session key to establish the communication with the enforcement device.
- the method may further comprise protecting the communication with the enforcement device based on the effective claimant session key.
- the method may be a claimant method.
- a method comprising verifying whether a received device class information corresponds to a predefined device class; obtaining a result, which is positive only if the device class information corresponds to the predefined device class as checked in the verifying step; generating a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in an apparatus performing the method; supplying the second claimant session key and the result to an enforcement device, wherein at least one of the generating and the supplying is performed only if the result is positive.
- the method may be a verification method.
- a method comprising establishing, with a claimant, a communication, which requires that a second claimant session key received from a verification device corresponds to an effective claimant session key of the claimant, wherein the verification device is different from the claimant, and granting access to a communication resource for the claimant only if a result received from the verification device is positive and if the communication is established.
- the method may further comprise generating a third claimant session key from the second claimant session key, and wherein the communication may require that the third claimant session key matches the effective claimant session key.
- the method may be an enforcement method.
- a method comprising performing an evaluation method, by an evaluation apparatus, comprising a method according to the eighth aspect; performing a claimant method, by a claimant apparatus, comprising a method according to the ninth aspect; performing a verification method by a
- the claimant apparatus the claimant apparatus, and the verification apparatus are mutually different from each other;
- enforcement apparatus is different from the evaluation apparatus and the claimant apparatus; and wherein the
- verification method comprises generating a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the verification apparatus, and supplying the second claimant session key to the enforcement apparatus; the enforcement method comprises establishing, with the claimant apparatus, a communication, which requires that the second claimant session key received from the verification apparatus
- the claimant method comprises the claimant device of the evaluation method;
- the evaluation method comprises the evaluation device of the claimant method;
- the claimant property information supplied by the claimant apparatus corresponds to the claimant property information received by the evaluation apparatus;
- the secured protocol of the evaluation apparatus is the same as the secured protocol of the claimant apparatus.
- the verification method comprises a method
- the enforcement method comprises a method according to the eleventh aspect.
- the method may be a method of remote verification.
- a computer program product comprising computer- executable components which perform, when the program is run on a computer, the execution of which result in operations of the method according to any of the eighth to twelfth aspect.
- the computer program product may be embodied as a computer- readable storage medium.
- an apparatus comprising property checking processor configured to check whether a claimant property information received from a claimant device corresponds to a predefined claimant attribute; obtaining processor configured to obtain a result, which is positive only if the claimant property information corresponds to the predefined claimant attribute as checked by the property checking processor; key generation processor configured to generate a first claimant
- processor is configured to generate and to supply,
- the secured protocol may be a cryptographic protocol based on a certificate.
- the apparatus may further comprise certificate checking processor configured to check whether the certificate is valid, and wherein the obtaining processor may be
- the claimant property information may be comprised in the certificate.
- the apparatus may further comprise a secure storage
- the key generation processor may be any type of the key generation processor
- a tamper resistant module comprising an apparatus according to the fourteenth aspect.
- an apparatus comprising property information
- processor configured to supply a claimant property information of the apparatus to an evaluation device using a secured protocol; establishing processor configured to establish a communication with an enforcement device
- claimant session key is based on a first claimant
- the secured protocol may be a cryptographic protocol based on a certificate.
- the claimant property information is comprised in the certificate.
- the claimant property information may comprise information whether or not at least one of the following items is fulfilled: a presence of a secure storage in the apparatus, wherein the secure storage is configured to securely store a key of the secured protocol such that the key may not be extracted from the apparatus without a
- the apparatus may further comprise key generation processor configured to generate an effective claimant session key from the first claimant intermediate key, and wherein the
- establishing processor may be configured to establish the communication with the enforcement device using the
- a relay node comprising an apparatus according to the sixteenth aspect of the invention.
- an apparatus comprising verification processor configured to verify whether a received device class
- obtaining processor configured to obtain a result, which is positive only if the device class information corresponds to the predefined device class as checked by the verification processor; key generation processor configured to generate a second claimant session key from a second claimant
- an apparatus comprising establishing processor configured to establish, with a claimant, a communication, which requires that a second claimant session key received from a verification device corresponds to an effective claimant session key of the claimant, wherein the
- verification device is different from the claimant, and granting processor configured to grant access to a
- the apparatus may further comprise key generation processor configured to generate a third claimant session key from the second claimant session key, and wherein the communication may require that the third claimant session key matches the effective claimant session key.
- the evaluation apparatus wherein the evaluation apparatus, the claimant apparatus, and the verification apparatus are mutually different from each other; the enforcement apparatus is different from the evaluation apparatus and the claimant apparatus; and wherein the verification apparatus comprises a key generation processor configured to generate a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the verification apparatus, and a supplying
- the processor configured to supply the second claimant session key to the enforcement apparatus;
- the enforcement apparatus comprises an establishing processor configured to establish, with the claimant apparatus, a communication, which requires that the second claimant session key received from the verification apparatus corresponds to the effective claimant session key of the claimant apparatus, and a granting
- processor configured to grant access to a communication resource for the claimant apparatus only if the establishing processor established the communication; the claimant
- the apparatus comprises the claimant device of the evaluation apparatus; the evaluation apparatus comprises the evaluation device of the claimant apparatus; the claimant property information supplied by the claimant apparatus corresponds to the claimant property information received by the evaluation apparatus; the first claimant intermediate key supplied by the evaluation apparatus corresponds to the first claimant intermediate key received by the claimant apparatus; and the secured protocol of the evaluation apparatus is the same as the secured protocol of the claimant apparatus.
- the system at least one of the following may be
- the verification device comprises an apparatus according to the eighteenth aspect
- the enforcement device comprises an apparatus according to the nineteenth aspect.
- Cla A claimant (Cla) , requesting a network resource, the Cla being a member of a class of entities defined by a set of attributes;
- RVE remote verification entity
- LVE local verification entity
- LVE local verification entity
- the solution might have the additional benefit that the RVE, which may be an MME-RN, is off-loaded.
- Fig. 1 shows an EPS architecture according to 3GPP TS 36.300 vlO .0.0;
- Fig. 2 shows a system according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 3 shows a method according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 4 shows an LVE according to an embodiment of the
- Fig. 5 shows a claimant according to an embodiment of the invention ;
- Fig. 6 shows an RVE according to an embodiment of the
- Fig. 7 shows an EnP according to an embodiment of the
- Fig. 8 shows a method of operation of an LVE according to an embodiment of the invention
- Fig. 9 shows a method of operation of a claimant according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 10 shows a method of operation of an RVE according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Fig. 11 shows a method of operation of an EnP according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the apparatus is configured to perform the corresponding method, although in some cases only the apparatus or only the method are
- a system according to an embodiment of the invention may comprise a local verification entity (LVE) 100, a claimant (Cla) 200, a remote verification entity (RVE) 300, and an enforcement point (EnP) 400.
- LVE 100 and Cla 200 are operably connected to each other, and RVE 300 and EnP 400 are operably connected to each other.
- Cla 200 and EnP 400 are operably connected to each other.
- operable connections shown in Fig. 2 are functional connections. Physical connections on which the functional connections rely may differ from the latter.
- the blocks 100, 200, 300, and 400 of Fig. 2 are functional blocks. LVE 100, Cla 200, and RVE 300 differ mutually from each other. EnP 400 is different from LVE 100 and Cla 200. In some embodiments, EnP 400 is different from RVE 300, whereas in other embodiments, they belong to the same functional block. Functional blocks may be different if they are differently addressed in the communication network.
- LVE 100, Cla 200, RVE 300, and EnP 400 may be based on a different hardware, or some or all of the entities may be based on the same hardware.
- Fig. 3 shows a method according to an embodiment of the invention .
- an evaluation method is performed by an LVE 100.
- the evaluation method interacts with a claimant method S820 of a claimant 200.
- a verification method S830 is performed by an RVE 300.
- the verification method interacts with enforcement method S840 of an EnP 400. If steps S810, S820, S830, and S840 run successfully, a resource will be granted to the claimant 200 by the
- step S850 More details of each of the methods according to steps S810, S820, S830, and S840 will be given below with respect to Figs. 8 to 11.
- a method according to an embodiment of the invention may work as described by the combined steps 1.1 through 1.5:
- the Cla When the claimant (Cla) , being a member of a class C of entities defined by a set of attributes, intends to request a network resource controlled by the remote verification entity (RVE) , the Cla first establishes a secure connection with a local verification entity (LVE) . In the course of the claimant (Cla) , being a member of a class C of entities defined by a set of attributes, intends to request a network resource controlled by the remote verification entity (RVE) , the Cla first establishes a secure connection with a local verification entity (LVE) . In the course of the claimant (Cla) , being a member of a class C of entities defined by a set of attributes, intends to request a network resource controlled by the remote verification entity (RVE) , the Cla first establishes a secure connection with a local verification entity (LVE) . In the course of the claimant (Cla) , being a member of a class C of entities defined by a set of attributes, intend
- the verification method of the RVE may be triggered e.g. by a request for a resource from the Cla.
- the RVE which needs to decide on the admissibility of the resource request based on the class membership of the Cla, receives such a request, it runs an authentication and key agreement protocol with the LVE, which results in the establishment of session keys that are mutually shared between LVE and RVE.
- the LVE forwards the session keys, or any derivatives thereof, to the Cla only if the class membership verification in step 1.1 was successful. This step is comprised in steps S810 and S820 of Fig. 3. 1.4 The RVE forwards the session key, or any derivatives thereof, to the EnP indicating that they are suitable for enforcing resource requests of claimants of class C. This step is comprised in steps S830 and S840 of Fig. 3.
- the EnP admits the resource request by the Cla only if it can verify through suitable protocol means that the Cla is in possession of the session keys. This step is comprised in steps S820 and S840 of Fig. 3.
- Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of an LVE 100 according to the invention.
- a property checking means 110 checks, whether a property information received from a claimant corresponds to a predefined attribute.
- the property checking means may check whether or not the claimant belongs to the class of relay nodes.
- the obtaining means obtains a positive result only if the property checking means verified that the received property information belongs to the predefined class. Alternatively to a positive result, a flag may be set to true, or another logically equivalent condition may be fulfilled.
- the key generation means 130 generates a key (first claimant intermediate key) from a predefined key stored in the LVE.
- the predefined key is permanently stored in the LVE in a tamper resistant way.
- the supplying means 140 supplies the generated key to the claimant.
- supplying means 140 generates and supplies, respectively, only if the result obtained by the obtaining means 120 is positive .
- Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of a claimant (Cla) 200 according to the invention.
- the property information supplying means 210 supplies a property information of the claimant to an evaluation device using a secured protocol.
- a property information of the claimant for example, the property
- the information may be that the claimant belongs to the class of relay nodes.
- the establishing means 220 may establish a
- the enforcement device 400 may grant access to a resource for the claimant 200.
- Fig. 6 shows an RVE 300 according to an embodiment of the invention .
- the verification means 310 verifies whether a received device class information corresponds to a predefined device class. E.g., it may check if the device class information indicates a relay node.
- the device class information may be received from a backend server, such as a home subscriber server (HSS) in LTE.
- HSS home subscriber server
- the obtaining means 320 obtains a result, which is positive only if the device class information corresponds to the predefined device class as checked by the verification means. Alternatively, it may set a flag positive or perform some other logically equivalent operation.
- the key generation means 330 generates a second claimant session key from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the apparatus .
- the supplying means 340 supplies the second claimant session key and the result of the obtaining means to an enforcement device .
- supplying means 340 generates and supplies, respectively, the second claimant session key only if the result is positive.
- Fig. 7 shows an EnP 400 according to an embodiment of the invention .
- the establishing means 410 establishes, with a claimant, a communication, which requires that a second claimant session key received from a verification device corresponds to an effective claimant session key of the claimant, wherein the verification device is different from the claimant.
- One key corresponds to the other, if the latter can be derived from the former according to a predefined rule.
- a rule may include e.g. an identification of the respective device.
- corresponding keys mean that one key matches the other key.
- the granting means 420 grants access to a communication resource for the claimant only if a result received from the verification device is positive and if the establishing means established the communication.
- Each of the LVE 100, Cla 200, RVE 300, and EnP 400 may comprise a storage such as a hard disk, a CD, a DVD, a random access memory (RAM) or a read-only memory (ROM) , configured to store attributes, keys, program code etc. Furthermore, each of them may comprise one or more senders and receivers to communicate with the entities it is connected to.
- the modules shown in Figs. 4 to 7 are functional modules. Each of them may be based on a separate hardware, or some or all of them may be based on the same hardware. Furthermore, if they are realized in software, each of them may be
- Figs. 8 to 11 show details of the methods S810 to S840, respectively, according to embodiments of the invention.
- FIG. 8 A method corresponding to step S810 of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is preferably performed by an LVE such as LVE 100, is shown in Fig. 8:
- step S110 the LVE is initialized.
- step S120 it checks whether a claimant property information received from a claimant device corresponds to a predefined claimant
- step S130 which is positive only if the claimant property information
- step S140 it is checked if the result of the obtaining step S130 is positive or a logically equivalent condition such that a flag is true is fulfilled. If it is not, the method is stopped (S180).
- step S150 a first claimant
- step S140 may be performed between steps S150 and S160.
- step S210 the method is started, e.g. by initializing the claimant performing the method, performing self-checks, and obtaining attributes of the claimant.
- a property information of the claimant is supplied to the LVE using a secured protocol (step S220) .
- step S230 a communication is established with an entity other than the LVE, e.g. with an EnP.
- the communication is based on a session key which is based on a key received from the LVE.
- the session key may be the same as that received from the LVE, or the Cla may generate the session key based on the key received from the LVE.
- the method is terminated (step S240) . That is, if the Cla successfully established the communication with the EnP, the latter might grant access to a resource for the claimant.
- FIG. 10 A method corresponding to step S830 of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is preferably performed by an RVE such as RVE 300, is shown in Fig. 10:
- the method is initialized.
- the RVE may receive a request to grant access to a resource from a device.
- the request comprises an identity that is related to the device, for example an identification of a USIM-RN.
- the RVE may retrieve from a backend server such as a home
- step S320 it verifies whether the received device class information property information corresponds to a predefined device class. A result is obtained in step S330, which is positive only if the received device class information corresponds to the predefined device class information as checked in the verifying step S320.
- step S340 it is checked if the result of the obtaining step S330 is positive or a logically equivalent condition such that a flag is true is fulfilled. If it is not, the method is stopped (S380).
- a second claimant session key is generated from a second claimant intermediate key stored in the RVE .
- the second claimant session key and the result are supplied to the EnP,
- step S340 may be performed between steps S350 and S360.
- the RVE does not provide the result to the EnP. For example, if it is a priori known that all Cla request a resource only by the local verification of the LVE, there is no need to forward the result to the EnP. Otherwise, however, if different types of Cla may request a resource, and some of them are not verified by the LVE, providing the result to the EnP may ensure that only verified Cla get access to the resource. This situation may happen e.g. during release upgrades.
- FIG. 11 A method corresponding to step S840 of Fig. 3 according to an embodiment of the invention, which is preferably performed by an EnP such as EnP 400, is shown in Fig. 11:
- step S410 the method is started, e.g. by initializing the EnP performing the method, performing self- checks, etc.
- step S420 a communication is established with the
- This communication requires that a second claimant session key received from an RVE corresponds to an effective claimant session key of the claimant.
- the keys must match, in other embodiments the EnP generates a third claimant session key from the second claimant session key, and the former must match the effective claimant session key.
- step S430 it is checked whether the communication with the claimant was successfully established.
- step S440 it is checked whether the result or a corresponding flag
- step S450 the EnP grants access to the requested resource for the claimant.
- step S460 the method is stopped. As discussed with respect to the method 830 of the RVE (Fig.
- step S440 of checking whether the result is positive may be omitted in some embodiments of systems according to the invention, if it is ensured that all claimants request a resource only by the local verification of the LVE .
- IKE internet key exchange
- IKE version 2 IKE version 2
- TLS transport layer security
- the LVE may verify the attributes of the Cla by checking the authenticated identity of the Cla against a table with identities and their associated attributes. In this respect, the LVE may verify the attributes of the Cla by checking parameters in the certificate. The LVE may check the validity of the certificate of the Cla by means of OCSP (Online
- the LVE may contain a secure environment that does not allow an attacker extracting secret key material from the LVE.
- the attributes characterizing class C may comprise at least one of the following: the presence of a secure environment that does not allow an attacker extracting secret key
- the authentication and key agreement protocol between RVE and LVE may be EPS AKA, e.g. as defined in 3GPP TS 33.401.
- the LVE may be comprised by a tamper resistant module such as a smart card, e.g. a UICC, or a part thereof.
- a tamper resistant module such as a smart card, e.g. a UICC, or a part thereof. This has the advantage that the UICC with USIM may be considered as a secure computing environment that is considered trustworthy even in hostile environments.
- the RVE may comprise the functions of an MME (as defined in 3GPP TS 33.401) .
- the EnP may comprise the functions of a DeNB (as defined in 3GPP TS 36.300) .
- the Cla may comprise the functions of a relay node (as defined in 3GPP TS 36.300).
- the session keys may comprise CK, IK, K AS ME and any of the keys derived from them, e.g.
- the session keys, or any derivatives thereof, may be used to protect an interface between Cla and EnP and/or an interface between Cla and RVE .
- the protocol run between Cla and RVE may convey an identity of the Cla to the RVE. The identity should be unique within the network or a relevant sub-section of the network the Cla belongs to. Detailed implementations of a relay node architecture
- a first detailed implementation in the context of a relay node architecture in EPS according to an embodiment of the invention is described hereinafter, wherein the MME and the Donor eNB (DeNB) may be compliant with e.g. 3GPP TS 36.300.
- Cla is a relay node (RN) .
- LVE is a UICC containing the USIM, called USIM-RN, which the RN uses in performing the RN attach procedure as defined in 3GPP TS 36.300.
- RVE is an MME, called MME-RN, which performs the RN attach procedure with the RN.
- EnP is a DeNB. This system corresponds to that shown in Fig. 2.
- LVE and Cla There may be a secure connection between LVE and Cla, which is a secure channel between USIM-RN and RN using e.g. TLS as defined in ETSI TS 102 484 "Smart cards; Secure channel between a UICC and an end-point terminal".
- Class C may be defined by at least one of the following properties of its members:
- - is a relay node
- - has a secure environment containing the private TLS key; - performs an autonomous platform validation before
- the authentication and key agreement protocol between MME-RN and USIM-RN on the UICC may be EPS AKA (as defined in TS 33.401) .
- the resource request may be an RN attach procedure.
- the procedure then comprises the steps described below. If one of the steps fails in any of the involved entities the procedure may be aborted by that entity.
- Procedures prior to the RN attach procedure El The RN may perform an autonomous validation of the RN platform. The RN may then attach to the network in its role as a UE and establish IP connectivity using a USIM called USIM-INI. This establishment does not constitute an RN attach procedure .
- the RN optionally obtains an operator certificate through the enrolment procedures defined e.g. in TS 33.310.
- the RN optionally establishes a secure connection to an OAM server.
- the RN and the USIM-RN may establish a TLS connection using certificates on both sides, or only on the RN side, e.g. according to the Secure Channel mechanism specified in ETSI TS 102 484.
- the RN may use a pre-established certificate or the certificate enrolled in step E2.
- the private key corresponding to the RN certificate may be stored in the secure environment of the RN platform validated in step El, and the TLS connection terminates there. From this step onwards, all communication between the USIM-RN and the RN may be protected by the secure channel.
- An OCSP client according to e.g. IETF RFC 2560 on the UICC may check the validity of RN certificate used in the secure channel set-up with an OCSP server.
- the OCSP may check the validity of RN certificate used in the secure channel set-up with an OCSP server.
- the RN may detach from the network if it has attached for performing steps E2, E3, or E5 and may delete the EPS
- Steps El to E5 correspond to step 1.1 of the method generally described above.
- step E6 it is ensured that no EPS security context exists in the RN or the USIM-RN immediately prior to the RN attach procedure.
- the RN may perform the RN attach procedure for EPS as defined in TS 36.300. From a security point of view, this may involve the following steps:
- the RN may use the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) (or a related globally unique temporary identity, GUTI) pertaining to the USIM-RN in the RN attach procedure. This step is part of step 1.2 of the method generally described above.
- IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
- GUTI globally unique temporary identity
- the MME-RN may initiate EPS AKA with the RN and the USIM- RN and may establish NAS security. This step corresponds to a part of step 1.2 and to step 1.3 of the method generally described above. A3.
- the MME-RN may check from the RN-specific subscription data received from the HSS that the USIM-RN is allowed to be used in RN attach procedures.
- the MME-RN may communicate this fact to the DeNB in an extended SI INITIAL CONTEXT SETUP message. This step corresponds to step 1.4 of the method generally described above.
- the DeNB may set up RN-specific access stratum (AS) security over Un, which differs from AS security over Uu in the provision of integrity protection for PDCP frames
- the RN start-up is now complete from a security point of view, and UEs may start attaching to the RN.
- the support of the secure channel mechanism may require the USIM-RN to use a certificate.
- This certificate is preferably pre-installed in the UICC by the operator.
- the certificate shall allow limiting its use to USIMs in the context of relay node architectures (e.g. through a suitable name structure, or a particular intermediate CA in the verification path, or an attribute, e.g. in the OID field.)
- the RN may enrol a device certificate as with macro eNBs according to e.g. 3GPP TS 33.310 prior to the RN attach procedure with the DeNB. This certificate may then be used for establishing the secure channel between RN and USIM.
- the certificate enrolment procedure may not rely on the security at the AS level, but may be secured at the
- the RN may require IP connectivity for the enrolment
- the IP connectivity could be established in one of various ways, e.g.:
- the RN may attach to a fixed network for enrolment purposes. No USIM is required.
- the RN may attach to an eNB using a USIM, called USIM- INI, different from the one used in the RN attach procedure to the DeNB, called USIM-RN.
- USIM-RN No secure channel between RN and USIM-INI is required, but the USIM-RN shall communicate with any terminal only via a secure channel with OCSP-checked terminal certificate. Having two USIMs on one UICC is a standard feature available today. It is sufficient that only one USIM can be active at a time.
- the network should preferably ensure that the destinations the RN can reach are restricted, e.g. to only the RA, the OAM server, and the OCSP server, if the
- the RN may establish a secure connection to an OAM server.
- the operation and maintenance (OAM) procedure may not rely on the security at the AS level. It may therefore be executed before security on the Un interface has been established. If no security on lower layers is available the communication between RN and OAM server would be typically secured using TLS .
- the RN requires IP connectivity for this procedure to be able to reach the OAM server. The IP connectivity could be established in the same ways as described above. Restrictions on the destinations the RN can reach must apply if the communication with the OAM server occurs prior to the RN attach procedure. They can be realized similar to what is described above. OCSP checks by the UICC
- the detailed implementation presented hereinabove may require the UICC to perform an OCSP check of the RN certificate used for the set up of the secure channel prior to the RN attach procedure with the DeNB .
- the OCSP protocol is self-secured and may therefore be executed before security on the Un interface has been established.
- the OCSP client may need to send the IP packets carrying the OCSP message via the RN.
- the RN therefore may require IP connectivity for this procedure to be able to reach the OCSP server.
- the IP connectivity may be established in the same way as described above.
- the MME-RN may make the access control by itself, thus not depending on an external OCSP server, or use certification revocation list (CRL) .
- CTL certification revocation list
- IP connectivity may be established using the USIM-RN. This establishment does not constitute an RN attach
- the USIM-RN may be suitably modified such that, whenever the USIM-RN is used outside an RN attach procedure, the USIM-RN generates a modified claimant intermediate key that is different from the first claimant intermediate key and transfers it to the RN.
- Al The RN may be suitably modified such that, whenever the attach procedure does not constitute an RN attach procedure, the RN indicates this fact to the MME-RN as part of the attach procedure.
- the MME-RN may be suitably modified such that, whenever it receives an indication from the RN that the attach
- the MME-RN generates a second modified claimant intermediate key that is different from the second claimant intermediate key and transfers it to the DeNB .
- USIM-RN is used instead of USIM-INI. According to the above description, it should thus be
- exemplary embodiments of the present invention provide, for example a local verification entity such as a smart card, or a component thereof, an apparatus embodying the same, a method for controlling and/or operating the same, and computer program (s) controlling and/or operating the same as well as mediums carrying such computer program (s) and forming computer program product (s).
- a local verification entity such as a smart card, or a component thereof
- an apparatus embodying the same a method for controlling and/or operating the same, and computer program (s) controlling and/or operating the same as well as mediums carrying such computer program (s) and forming computer program product (s).
- FIG. 1 For example a claimant such as a relay node, or a component thereof, an apparatus embodying the same, a method for controlling and/or operating the same, and computer program (s) controlling and/or operating the same as well as mediums carrying such computer program(s) and forming computer program product (s) controlling and/or operating the same as well as mediums carrying such computer program (s) and forming computer program product (s) .
- Implementations of any of the above described blocks, apparatuses, systems, techniques or methods include, as non limiting examples, implementations as hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
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Abstract
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CN201080069129.8A CN103098504B (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote community checking in communication network |
RU2013117261/08A RU2568922C2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in communication network |
KR1020137000704A KR101580443B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
EP10754748.1A EP2617223B1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
JP2013514560A JP5845252B2 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in communication networks |
CA2801960A CA2801960C (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
PCT/EP2010/063709 WO2012034599A1 (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2010-09-17 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
US13/097,545 US9215220B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2011-04-29 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
ZA2012/08220A ZA201208220B (en) | 2010-09-17 | 2012-11-01 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
US14/932,310 US10218514B2 (en) | 2010-06-21 | 2015-11-04 | Remote verification of attributes in a communication network |
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US12028940B2 (en) | 2018-05-10 | 2024-07-02 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method and apparatus for performing communication in wireless communication system |
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EP2617223A1 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
CN103098504B (en) | 2017-10-13 |
KR20130031884A (en) | 2013-03-29 |
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RU2568922C2 (en) | 2015-11-20 |
RU2013117261A (en) | 2014-10-27 |
CA2801960A1 (en) | 2012-03-22 |
ZA201208220B (en) | 2013-07-31 |
JP5845252B2 (en) | 2016-01-20 |
CN103098504A (en) | 2013-05-08 |
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