WO2012020056A1 - Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water - Google Patents
Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012020056A1 WO2012020056A1 PCT/EP2011/063773 EP2011063773W WO2012020056A1 WO 2012020056 A1 WO2012020056 A1 WO 2012020056A1 EP 2011063773 W EP2011063773 W EP 2011063773W WO 2012020056 A1 WO2012020056 A1 WO 2012020056A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- slurry
- calcium carbonate
- previous
- remineralized
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 124
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 title description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 236
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 219
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 139
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 107
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003651 drinking water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000020188 drinking water Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- -1 dolomitic limestone Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 10
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940088417 precipitated calcium carbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008235 industrial water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J calcium;magnesium;dicarbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O.[O-]C([O-])=O HHSPVTKDOHQBKF-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009285 membrane fouling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009182 swimming Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010216 calcium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 96
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 19
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 12
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium cation Chemical compound [Ca+2] BHPQYMZQTOCNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004579 marble Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 5
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011020 pilot scale process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000108 ultra-filtration Methods 0.000 description 5
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002572 peristaltic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000008234 soft water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe3+ Chemical class [Fe+3] VTLYFUHAOXGGBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N disiloxane Chemical class [SiH3]O[SiH3] KPUWHANPEXNPJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005194 fractionation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012510 hollow fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000008258 liquid foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 159000000003 magnesium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005374 membrane filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006385 ozonation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001046 rapid expansion of supercritical solution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004457 water analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/003—Downstream control, i.e. outlet monitoring, e.g. to check the treating agents, such as halogens or ozone, leaving the process
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/24—Separation of coarse particles, e.g. by using sieves or screens
Definitions
- Micronized CaC0 3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water
- the invention relates to the field of water treatment, and more specifically to a process for remineralization of water and the use of calcium carbonate in such a process.
- Drinking water has become scarce. Even in countries that are rich in water, not all sources and reservoirs are suitable for the production of drinking water, and many sources of today are threatened by a dramatic deterioration of the water quality.
- Initially feed water used for drinking purposes was mainly surface water and groundwater. However the treatment of seawater, brine, brackish waters, waste waters and contaminated effluent waters is gaining more and more importance for environmental and economic reasons.
- lime dissolution by carbon dioxide and limestone bed filtration Conventional processes that are mainly used for the remineralization of water are lime dissolution by carbon dioxide and limestone bed filtration.
- Other, less common remineralization processes comprise, e.g., the addition of hydrated lime and sodium carbonate, the addition of calcium sulfate and sodium bicarbonate, or the addition of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate.
- the lime process involves treatment of lime solution with C0 2 acidified water, wherein the following reaction is involved:
- the limestone bed filtration process comprises the step of passing the soft water through a bed of granular limestone dissolving the calcium carbonate in the water flow.
- Contacting limestone with C0 2 acidified water mineralizes the water according to:
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for remineralization of water that does not require a corrosive compound, and thus, avoids the danger of incrustation, eliminates the need for corrosion resistant equipment, and provides a safe environment for people working in the plant. It would also be desirable to provide a process that is environmental friendly and requires low amounts of carbon dioxide when compared to today's water remineralization with lime processes.
- a use of a micronized calcium carbonate for remineralization of water is provided.
- the concentration of calcium carbonate in the slurry is from 0.05 to 40 wt.-%, from 1 to 25 wt.-%, from 2 to 20 wt.-%, preferably from 3 to 15 wt.-%, and most preferably from 5 to 10 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry, or the concentration of calcium carbonate in the slurry is from 10 to 40 wt.-%, from 15 to 30 wt.-%, or from 20 to 25 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry.
- the calcium carbonate has a particle size from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ , from 0.5 to 50 ⁇ , from 1 to 15 ⁇ , preferably from 2 to 10 ⁇ , most preferably 3 to 5 ⁇ .
- the calcium carbonate has a HC1 insoluble content from 0.02 to 2.5 wt.-%, 0.05 to 1.5 wt.-%, or 0.1 to 0.6 wt.-% based on the total weight of the micronized calcium carbonate.
- the calcium carbonate is a ground calcium carbonate, modified calcium carbonate, or precipitated calcium carbonate, or mixtures thereof. It is noted that calcium carbonate is the main constituent of marble, limestone and chalk.
- Calcite is a carbonate mineral and the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate.
- the other polymorphs of calcium carbonate are the minerals aragonite and vaterite. Aragonite will change to calcite at 380-470°C, and vaterite is even less stable.
- the slurry comprises further minerals containing magnesium, potassium or sodium, preferably magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, e.g. dolomitic limestone, calcareous dolomite, dolomite or half-burnt dolomite; magnesium oxide such as burnt dolomite, magnesium sulfate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, or sodium hydrogen carbonate.
- the slurry is freshly prepared by mixing water and the calcium carbonate.
- the time period between the preparation of the slurry and the injection of the slurry is less than 48 hours, less than 24 hours, less than 12 hours, less than 5 hours, less than 2 hours or less than 1 hour.
- the injected slurry meets microbiological quality requirements specified by the national guidelines for drinking water.
- the obtained remineralized water has a calcium concentration as calcium carbonate from 15 to 200 mg/1, preferably from 50 to 150 mg/1, and most preferred from 100 to 125 mg/1, or from 15 to 100 mg/1, preferably from 20 to 80 mg/1, and most preferably from 40 to 60 mg/1.
- the obtained remineralized water has a magnesium
- the remineralized water has a turbidity value of lower than 5.0 NTU, lower than 1.0 NTU, lower than 0.5 NTU, or lower than 0.3 NTU. According to still another embodiment the
- remineralized water has a Langelier Saturation Index from -1 to 2, preferably from - 0.5 to 0.5, most preferred from -0.2 to 0.2. According to still another embodiment the remineralized water has a Slit Density Index SDIi 5 below 5, preferably below 4, and most preferred below 3. According to still another embodiment the remineralized water has a Membrane Fouling Index MFI 0 .45 below 4, preferably below 2.5, most preferred below 2.
- the feed water is desalinated seawater, brackish water or brine, treated wastewater or natural water such as ground water, surface water or rainfall.
- the carbon dioxide is injected in a first step, and the slurry is injected subsequently in a second step, or the slurry is injected in a first step and the carbon dioxide is injected subsequently in a second step, or the carbon dioxide and the slurry are injected simultaneously.
- carbon dioxide is injected in the water used for the slurry preparation.
- the remineralized water is blended with feed water.
- the process further comprises a particle removal step.
- the process further comprises the steps of (c) measuring a parameter value of the remineralized water, wherein the parameter is selected from the group comprising alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, calcium concentration, pH, C0 2 concentration, total dissolved solids, and turbidity of the remineralized water, (d) comparing the measured parameter value with a parameter value of the remineralized water, wherein the parameter is selected from the group comprising alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, calcium concentration, pH, C0 2 concentration, total dissolved solids, and turbidity of the remineralized water, (d) comparing the measured parameter value with a
- the predetermined parameter value is a pH value, wherein the pH value is from 5.5 to 9, preferably from 7 to 8.5.
- the micronized calcium carbonate is used for remineralization of water, wherein the remineralized water is selected from drinking water, recreation water such as water for swimming pools, industrial water for process applications, irrigation water, or water for aquifer or well recharge.
- alkalinity as used in the present invention is a measure of the ability of a solution to neutralize acids to the equivalence point of carbonate or bicarbonate.
- the alkalinity is equal to the stoichiometric sum of the bases in solution and is specified in mg/1 as CaC0 3 .
- the alkalinity may be measured with a titrator.
- the term "calcium concentration” refers to the total calcium content in the solution and is specified in mg/1 as Ca 2+ or as CaC0 3 .
- the concentration may be measured with a titrator.
- Conductivity in the meaning of the present invention is used as an indicator of how salt-free, ion-free, or impurity-free the measured water is; the purer the water, the lower the conductivity.
- the conductivity can be measured with a conductivity meter and is specified in ⁇ 8/ ⁇ .
- GCC GCC
- Ground calcium carbonate in the meaning of the present invention is a calcium carbonate obtained from natural sources including marble, chalk or limestone, and processed through a treatment such as grinding, screening and/or fractionizing by wet and/or dry, for example, by a cyclone. It is known to the skilled person that ground calcium carbonate can inherently contain a defined concentration of magnesium, such as it is the case for dolomitic calcite.
- the term “Langelier Saturation Index (LSI)” as used in the present invention describes the tendency of an aqueous liquid to be scale-forming or corrosive, with a positive LSI indicating scale-forming tendencies and a negative LSI indicating a corrosive character.
- LSI Limit Saturation Index
- TDS total dissolved solids
- B is the numerical value indicator of temperature of the aqueous liquid in K
- C is the numerical value indicator of the calcium concentration of the aqueous liquid in mg/1 of CaC0 3
- D is the numerical value indicator of alkalinity of the aqueous liquid in mg/1 of CaC0 3 .
- the parameters A to D are determined using the following equations:
- TDS logio(TAC)
- TDS are the total dissolved solids in mg/1
- T is the temperature in °C
- [Ca 2+ ] is the calcium concentration of the aqueous liquid in mg/1 of CaC0 3
- TAC is the alkalinity of the aqueous liquid in mg/1 of CaC0 3 .
- SDI Silt Density Index
- the SDI can be calculated, e.g., from the rate of plugging of a 0.45 ⁇ membrane filter when water is passed through at a constant applied water pressure of 208.6 kPa.
- the SDIi 5 value is calculated from the rate of plugging of a 0.45 ⁇ membrane filter when water is passed through at a constant applied water pressure of 208.6 kPa during 15 min.
- spiral wound reverse osmosis systems will need an SDI less than 5
- hollow fiber reverse osmosis systems will need an SDI less than 3.
- MFI Modified Fouling Index
- the method that can be used for determining the MFI may be the same as for the SDI except that the volume is recorded every 30 seconds over a 15 minute filtration period.
- the MFI can be obtained graphically as the slope of the straight part of the curve when t/V is plotted against V (t is the time in seconds to collect a volume of V in liters).
- a MFI value of ⁇ 1 corresponds to a SDI value of about ⁇ 3 and can be considered as sufficiently low to control colloidal and particulate fouling.
- micronized refers to a particle size in the micrometer range, e.g., a particle size from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ .
- the micronized particles may be obtained by techniques based on friction, e.g., milling or grinding either under wet or dry conditions.
- micronized particles by any other suitable method, e.g., by precipitation, rapid expansion of supercritical solutions, spray drying, classification or fractionation of natural occurring sands or muds, filtration of water, sol-gel processes, spray reaction synthesis, flame synthesis, or liquid foam synthesis.
- the "particle size" of a calcium carbonate product is described by its distribution of particle sizes.
- the value d x represents the diameter relative to which x % by weight of the particles have diameters less than d x .
- the ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4o value is thus the weight median particle size, i.e. 50 wt.-% of all grains are bigger or smaller than this particle size.
- the particle size is specified as weight median particle size d 50 unless indicated otherwise.
- a Sedigraph 5100 device from the company Micromeritics, USA can be used.
- Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) in the meaning of the present invention is a synthesized material, generally obtained by precipitation following the reaction of carbon dioxide and lime in an aqueous environment or by precipitation of a calcium and carbonate source in water or by precipitation of calcium and carbonate ions, for example CaCl 2 and Na 2 C0 3 , out of solution.
- remineralization refers to the restoration of minerals in water not containing minerals at all or in a sufficient amount to obtain a water that is palatable.
- a remineralization can be achieved by adding at least calcium carbonate to the water to be treated.
- further substances may be mixed to the calcium carbonate and then added to the water during the remineralization process.
- the remineralized product may comprise additional minerals containing magnesium, potassium or sodium, e.g., magnesium carbonate, magnesium sulfate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or other minerals containing essential trace elements.
- a “slurry” comprises insoluble solids and water and optionally further additives and usually contains large amounts of solids and, thus, is more viscous and generally of higher density than the liquid from which it is formed.
- total dissolved solids is a measure of the combined content of all inorganic and organic substances contained in a liquid in molecular, ionized or micro-granular (colloidal sol) suspended form. Generally the operational definition is that the solids must be small enough to survive filtration through a sieve the size of two micrometer. The total dissolved solids can be estimated with a conductivity meter and are specified in mg/1.
- Turbidity in the meaning of the present invention describes the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles (suspended solids) that are generally invisible to the naked eye.
- the measurement of turbidity is a key test of water quality and can be carried out with a nephelometer.
- the units of turbidity from a calibrated nephelometer as used in the present invention are specified as
- NTU Nephelometric Turbidity Units
- the inventive process for remineralization of water comprises the steps of (a) providing feed water, and (b) injecting gaseous carbon dioxide and a slurry into the feed water, wherein the slurry comprises micronized calcium carbonate.
- the feed water to be is used in the inventive process can be derived from various sources.
- the feed water preferably treated by the process of the present invention is desalinated seawater, brackish water or brine, treated wastewater or natural water such as ground water, surface water or rainfall.
- the feed water can be pretreated.
- a pretreatment may be necessary, e.g., in case the feed water is derived from surface water, groundwater or rainwater.
- the water need to be treated through the use of chemical or physical techniques in order to remove pollutants such as organics and undesirable minerals.
- ozonation can be used as a first pretreatment step, followed then by coagulation, flocculation, or decantation as a second treatment step.
- iron(III) salts such as FeClS0 4 or FeCl 3
- aluminum salts such as A1C1 3 , A1 2 (S04) 3 or polyaluminium may used as flocculation agents.
- the flocculated materials can be removed from the feed water, e.g, by means of sand filters or multi-layered filters. Further water purification processes that may be used to pretreat the feed water are described, e.g., in EP 1 975 310, EP 1 982 759, EP 1 974 807, or EP 1 974 806.
- sea water or brackish water is firstly pumped out of the sea by open ocean intakes or subsurface intakes such as wells, and then it undergoes physical pretreatments such as screens, sedimendation or sand removal process.
- additional treatment steps such as coagulation and flocculation may be necessary in order to reduce potential fouling on the membranes.
- the pretreated seawater or brackish water may then be distilled, e.g., using multiple stage flash, multiple effect distillation, or membrane filtration such as ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis, to remove the remaining particulates and dissolved substances.
- gaseous carbon dioxide and a slurry comprising micronized calcium carbonate are injected into the feed water.
- the carbon dioxide is injected in a first step, and the slurry is injected subsequently in a second step.
- the slurry is injected in a first step, and the carbon dioxide is injected in a second step.
- the carbon dioxide is injected in a first step, and the slurry is injected subsequently in a second step.
- injecting the carbon dioxide first will speed up the reaction.
- the gaseous carbon dioxide may be obtained from a storage tank, in which it is held in the liquid phase. Depending on the consumption rate of carbon dioxide and the environment either cryogenic or conventionally insulated tanks may be used.
- the conversion of the liquid carbon dioxide into the gaseous carbon dioxide can be done using an air heated vaporizer, or an electrical or steam based vaporizing system. If necessary, the pressure of the gaseous carbon dioxide can be reduced prior to the injection step, e.g., by using a pressure reducing valve.
- the gaseous carbon dioxide can be injected into a stream of feed water at a controlled rate, forming an dispersion of carbon dioxide bubbles in the stream and allowing the bubbles to dissolve therein.
- the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the feed water can be facilitated by providing the feed water stream at a flow rate of 40-60 mg/1 according to the starting C0 2 concentration in the permeate/distillate, the final target pH value (excess C0 2 ) and final target calcium concentration (added CaC0 3 ).
- the carbon dioxide is introduced into the stream of feed water at a turbulent region thereof, wherein the turbulence can be created, e.g., by a restriction in the pipeline.
- the carbon dioxide may be introduced into the throat of a venturi disposed in the pipeline.
- the narrowing of the cross sectional area of the pipeline at the throat of the venturi creates turbulent flow of sufficient energy to break up the carbon dioxide into relatively small bubbles and thereby facilitate its dissolution.
- the carbon dioxide is introduced under pressure into the stream of water.
- the dissolution of carbon dioxide in the feed water is facilitated by a static mixer.
- a flow control valve or other means may be used to control the rate of flow of carbon dioxide into the stream.
- a C0 2 dosing block and a C0 2 in-line measuring device may be used to control the rate of the C0 2 flow.
- the C0 2 is injected using a combined unit comprising a C0 2 dosing unit, a static mixer and an in-line C0 2 measuring device.
- the amount of carbon dioxide that is injected into the feed water will depend on the amount of carbon dioxide that is already present in the feed water.
- the amount of carbon dioxide that is already present in feed water will depend, e.g., on the treatment up-stream of the feed water.
- Feed water, for example, that has been desalinated by flash evaporation will contain another amount of carbon dioxide, and thus another pH, than feed water that has been desalinated by reverse osmosis.
- Feed water, for example, that has been desalinated by reverse osmosis may have a pH of about 5.3 and can have a low concentration of C0 2 , e.g. of 2 - 5 mg/1.
- the remineralization of the feed water is induced by injecting the slurry comprising the micronized calcium carbonate into the feed water.
- the slurry that is injected into the feed water comprises micronized calcium carbonate.
- the concentration of calcium carbonate in the slurry is from 0.05 to 40 wt.-%, from 1 to 25 wt.-%, from 2 to 20 wt.-%, from 3 to 15 wt.-%, or from 5 to 10 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry.
- the concentration of calcium carbonate in the slurry is from 10 to 40 wt.-%, from 15 to 30 wt.-%, or from 20 to 25 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry.
- the micronized calcium carbonate possesses a particle size in the micrometer range.
- the micronized calcium has a particle size from 0.1 to 100 ⁇ , from 0.5 to 50 ⁇ , from 1 to 15 ⁇ , 2 to 10 ⁇ or from 3 to 5 ⁇ .
- suitable calcium carbonates are ground calcium carbonate, modified calcium carbonate or precipitated calcium carbonate, or a mixture thereof.
- a natural ground calcium carbonate (GCC) may feature, e.g., one or more of marble, limestone, chalk, and/or dolomite.
- a precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) may feature, e.g., one or more of aragonitic, vateritic and/or calcitic mineralogical crystal forms.
- Aragonite is commonly in the acicular form, whereas vaterite belongs to the hexagonal crystal system. Calcite can form scalenohedral, prismatic, spheral, and rhombohedral forms.
- a modified calcium carbonate may feature a natural ground or precipitated calcium carbonate with a surface and/or internal structure modification, e.g., the calcium carbonate may be treated or coated with a hydrophobising surface treatment agent such as, e.g. an aliphatic carboxylic acid or a siloxane. Calcium carbonate may be treated or coated to become cationic or anionic with, for example, a polyacrylate or polydadmac.
- a hydrophobising surface treatment agent such as, e.g. an aliphatic carboxylic acid or a siloxane.
- Calcium carbonate may be treated or coated to become cationic or anionic with, for example, a polyacrylate or polydadmac.
- the micronized calcium carbonate is a ground calcium carbonate (GCC).
- GCC ground calcium carbonate
- the micronized calcium carbonate is a ground calcium carbonate having a particle size from 3 to 5 ⁇ .
- the micronized calcium carbonate comprises a HCl insoluble content from 0.02 to 2.5 wt.-%, 0.05 to
- the HCl insoluble content of the micronized calcium carbonate does not exceed 0.6 wt.-% based on the total weight of the micronized calcium carbonate.
- the HCl insoluble content may be, e.g., minerals such as quartz, silicate or mica.
- the slurry can comprise further micronized minerals.
- the slurry can comprise micronized magnesium carbonate, calcium magnesium carbonate, e.g. dolomitic limestone, calcareous dolomite, dolomite or half-burnt dolomite; magnesium oxide such as burnt dolomite, magnesium sulfate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate or other minerals containing essential trace elements.
- the slurry is freshly prepared by mixing water and the micronized calcium carbonate.
- the on-site preparation of the slurry may be preferred since premixed slurries may require the addition of further agents such as stabilizers or biocides, which may be unwanted compounds in the remineralized water.
- the time period between the preparation of the slurry and the injection of the slurry is short enough to avoid bacterial growth in the slurry.
- the time period between the preparation of the slurry and the injection of the slurry is less than 48 hours, less than 24 hours, less than 12 hours, less than 5 hours, less than 2 hours or less than 1 hour.
- the injected slurry meets the microbiological quality requirements specified by the national guidelines for drinking water.
- the slurry can be prepared, for example, using a mixer such as a mechanical stirrer for dilute slurries, or a specific powder-liquid mixing device for more concentrate slurries.
- a mixer such as a mechanical stirrer for dilute slurries, or a specific powder-liquid mixing device for more concentrate slurries.
- the mixing time may be from 0.5 to 30 min, from 1 to 20 min, from 2 to 10 min, or from 3 to 5 min.
- the slurry is prepared using a mixing machine, wherein the mixing machine enables simultaneous mixing and dosing of the slurry.
- the water used to prepare the slurry can be, e.g., distilled water, feed water or industrial water.
- the water used to prepare the slurry is feed water, e.g. permeate or distillate obtained from a desalination process.
- the water used to prepare the slurry is acidified with carbon dioxide. Without being bound to any theory, it is believed that such an CCh-pretreatment of the water used to prepare the slurry increases the dissolution of calcium carbonate in the water, and thus decreases the reaction time.
- the slurry comprising micronized calcium carbonate is injected directly into a stream of feed water.
- the slurry can be injected into the feed water stream at a controlled rate by means of a pump communicating with a storage vessel for the slurry.
- the slurry may be injected into the feed water stream at a rate of 1 to 10 liter per cubic meter of feed water depending on the slurry concentration.
- the slurry comprising micronized calcium carbonate is mixed with the feed water in a reaction chamber, e.g., using a mixer such as a mechanical stirrer.
- the slurry is injected in a tank receiving the entire flow of feed water.
- only a part of the feed water is remineralized by injecting the slurry, and subsequently, the remineralized water is blended with untreated feed water.
- only a part of the feed water is remineralized to a high calcium carbonate concentration in comparison with the final target values, and subsequently, the remineralized water is blended with untreated feed water.
- the treated water or part of the treated water is filtered, e.g., by ultra filtration, to further reduce the turbidity level of the
- the slurry is injected in such an amount that complete dissolution of the calcium carbonate is achieved.
- the injection of C0 2 and slurry comprising calcium carbonate is tuned in such a way, that for one equivalent of C0 2 one equivalent of calcium carbonate is added into the feed water, or C0 2 can be injected at a defined excess in order to arrive at a defined pH.
- the inventive process is carried out in such a way that remineralization and neutralization of the C0 2 acidified feed water is achieved simultaneously.
- excess carbon dioxide can be stripped from the remineralized water using a gas stripping system.
- the excess carbon dioxide can be recycled for use in the inventive process.
- the amounts of carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate injected into the feed water are selected so as to give a water of desired quality.
- the quality of the remineralized water can be assessed by the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI).
- the remineralized water has a Langelier Saturation Index from -1 to 2, preferably from -0.5 to 0.5, most preferred from -0.2 to 0.2.
- the remineralized water has a Slit Density Index SDIi 5 below 5, preferably below 4, and most preferred below 3.
- the remineralized water has a Membrane Fouling Index MFI 0 .45 below 4, preferably below 2.5, most preferred below 2.
- the assessment can be done, e.g., by measuring the pH of the treated feed water continuously.
- the pH of the treated pH can be measured, e.g., in a stream of treated water, in a reaction chamber, wherein the slurry and the feed water is mixed, or in a storage tank for the remineralized water.
- the pH is measured 30 min, 20 min, 10 min, 5 min or 2 min after the remineralization step.
- the measurement of the pH value may be done at room temperature, i.e. at about 20°C.
- the amount of the injected carbon dioxide and/or the slurry is controlled by detecting the pH value of the treated feed water.
- the amount of injected carbon dioxide and/or the slurry is controlled by detecting parameters such as alkalinity,
- the process of the present invention further comprises the steps of (c) measuring a parameter value of the remineralized water, wherein the parameter is selected from the group comprising alkalinity, conductivity, total hardness, calcium concentration, C0 2 concentration, pH, total dissolved solids, or turbidity of the remineralized water, (d) comparing the measured parameter value with a predetermined parameter value, and (e) providing the amount of injected carbon dioxide and/or slurry on the basis of the difference between the measured and the predetermined parameter value.
- the predetermined parameter value is a pH value, wherein the pH value is from 5.5 to 9, preferably from 7 to 8.5.
- Fig. 1 shows a scheme of an apparatus that can be used for operating the inventive method. Feed water flows from a reservoir (1) into a pipeline (2).
- the pipeline (2) has a gas inlet (6) through which carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide source (4) can be injected into the feed water.
- a second inlet (10) is located downstream of the gas inlet (6) through which the slurry comprising micronized calcium carbonate is injected into the feed water stream from a storage tank (9) for the slurry.
- the slurry is prepared on-site using a suitable mixer (8) by mixing water that is obtained from the reservoir (1) via a pipe (12) and micronized calcium carbonate obtained from a storage container (7).
- carbon dioxide can be injected into the water for preparing the slurry via a gas inlet (5).
- the pH of the remineralized water can be measured downstream of the slurry inlet (10) on a sample point (11). According to one embodiment the flow rate of the feed water is 20000 and 500000 m 3 per day.
- the inventive process may be used to produce drinking water, recreation water such as water for swimming pools, industrial water for process applications, irrigation water, or water for aquifer or well recharge.
- the carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate are carbon dioxide and calcium carbonate
- the remineralized water obtained by the inventive process has a calcium concentration from 15 to 200 mg/1 as CaC0 3 , preferably from 50 to 150 mg/1 as CaC0 3 , and most preferred from 100 to 125 mg/1 as CaC0 3 , or from 15 to 100 mg/1, preferably from 20 to 80 mg/1, and most preferably from 40 to 60 mg/1.
- the slurry comprises a further magnesium salt such as magnesium carbonate, or magnesium sulfate
- the remineralized water obtained by the inventive process may have a magnesium concentration from 5 to 25 mg/1, preferably from 5 to 15 mg/1, and most preferred from 8 to 12 mg/1.
- the remineralized water has a turbidity of lower than 5.0 NTU, lower than 1.0 NTU, lower than 0.5 NTU, or lower than 0.3 NTU.
- the remineralized water has a LSI from -0.2 to +0.2, a calcium concentration from 15 to 200 mg/1, a magnesium concentration from 5 to 25 mg/1, an alkalinity between 100 and 200 mg/1 as CaC03, a pH between 7 and 8.5, and a turbidity of lower than 0.5 NTU.
- a step of particle removal is carried out after mineralization, e.g., to reduce the turbidity level of the remineralized water. It is also possible to carry out a particle removal step before the injection of the carbon dioxide and/or the slurry, e.g., to reduce the turbidity level of the feed water or part of the feed water. According to one embodiment a sedimentation step is carried out.
- the feed water and/or remineralized water may be piped into a clarifier or storage tank to further reduce the turbidity level of the water.
- the particles may be removed by decantation.
- at least a part of the feed water and/or remineralized water may be filtered, e.g., by ultra filtration, to further reduce the turbidity level of the water.
- the feed water was obtained from a reverse osmosis desalination process and was acidified with about 50 mg/1 C0 2 .
- the slurries were prepared by mixing an appropriate amount of calcium carbonate with 100 ml feed water at room
- the remineralization was performed by adding the slurry in small amounts to about one liter of the acidified feed water, wherein the slurry and the feed water were mixed using a magnetic stirrer, with stirring between 1000 and 1500 rpm and a mixing time of 2 min. After every slurry addition, a sample was taken from the treated feed water to control the alkalinity, turbidity,
- the turbidity was measured with a Hach Lange 2100 AN IS Laboratory Turbidimeter and the calibration was performed using StabCal turbidity standards (formazin standards) of ⁇ 0.1, 20, 200, 1000, 4000 and 7500 NTU.
- Two slurries having a calcium carbonate concentration of 0.5 and 5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry were prepared from marble micronized calcium carbonate having a particle size of 3.5 ⁇ and a HCl insoluble content of 0.2 wt.-% based on the total weight of the calcium carbonate.
- Three slurries having a calcium carbonate concentration of 0.5, 1 and 10 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry were prepared from marble micronized calcium carbonate having a particle size of 2.8 ⁇ and a HCl insoluble content of 1.5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the calcium carbonate.
- Example 3 Slurry C A slurry having a calcium carbonate concentration of 5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry was prepared from limestone micronized calcium carbonate having a particle size of 3 ⁇ and a HCl insoluble content of 0.1 wt.-% based on the total weight of the calcium carbonate.
- the results compiled in Table 1 show that the turbidity value measured for the settled sample is much lower in comparison to the values of example 1 and 2, which may be due to the different geological structures of the carbonate rocks.
- Three slurries having a calcium carbonate concentration of 5 wt.-% based on the total weight of the slurry were prepared from marble micronized calcium carbonate having a particle size of 3.5, 9, and 20 ⁇ , respectively, and a HCl insoluble content of 0.2 wt.-% based on the total weight of the calcium carbonate.
- the following pilot-scale examples show different remineralization trials using aqueous slurries of calcium carbonate.
- the micronized calcium carbonate used to prepare all slurries for these pilot tests is a limestone having a particle size of 3 ⁇ and a HC1 insoluble content of 0.1 wt.-% based on the total weight of the calcium carbonate. It corresponds to the calcium carbonate used to prepare the slurry C presented in example 3.
- the solid content of the aqueous slurries of micronized calcium carbonate was between 0.4 and 20 wt%, based on the weight of the micronized calcium carbonate.
- the aqueous medium used in order to prepare the micronized calcium carbonate slurries was water that was obtained by reverse osmosis.
- water obtained by reverse osmosis and “reverse osmosis or RO water” will be used synonymously.
- the micronized calcium carbonate slurry used had a solids content of 20 wt%, based on the weight of the micronized calcium carbonate.
- 100 mg/L of CaC0 3 was added to the RO water at once through the feed valve.
- the RO water used for these tests had the following parameters:
- Table 3 shows the different results obtained for the remineralization of RO water by the addition of 100 mg/L of CaC0 3 using a micronized calcium carbonate slurry having a solids content of 20 wt%, based on the weight of micronized calcium carbonate, and using different C0 2 flow rates.
- the position where the C0 2 was introduced into the system was the same as during the former tests, e.g. before the pump and the Flashmix mixer.
- the C0 2 dosing was performed at 4.5 bars and with a constant flow of 4 L/h for different dosing times. All tests were conducted using an excess amount of CO 2 with respect to the amount of CaC0 3 added to the RO water. The impact of the CO 2 dosing time, i.e. the excess of CO 2 dosed during these batch tests, on the turbidity of the remineralized water was observed.
- Table 4 shows the different results obtained for the remineralization of RO water by the addition of 50 mg/L of CaC0 3 using a micronized calcium carbonate slurry having a solids content of 10 wt%, based on the weight of micronized calcium carbonate, and using a constant CO 2 flow rate of 4 L/h for different dosing times.
- Table 5 shows the results for the continuous remineralization of RO water by the addition of 50 mg/L of CaC0 3 using a micronized calcium carbonate slurry having a solids content of 0.4 wt%, based on the weight of the micronized calcium carbonate, and using different C0 2 flow rates.
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (22)
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DK11741467.2T DK2611738T3 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized CaCO3 OPSLÆMNINGSINDSPRØJTNINGSSYSTEM TO REMINIRALISERINGEN OF desalinated water AND FRESHWATER |
BR112013002969A BR112013002969B8 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | process for water remineralization, and use of micronized calcium carbonate |
EP11741467.2A EP2611738B9 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
ES11741467.2T ES2556407T3 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized CaCO3 suspension injection system for remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
KR1020137006124A KR101614192B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | CaCO3 MICRONIZED CaCOSLURRY INJECTION SYSTEM FOR THE REMINERALIZATION OF DESALINATED AND FRESH WATER |
SI201130649T SI2611738T1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
PL11741467T PL2611738T3 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
CN201180039745.3A CN103080021B (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized CaCO3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
SG2013010509A SG187824A1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
AU2011288455A AU2011288455B2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized CaCO3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
MX2013001597A MX349686B (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water. |
US13/812,256 US10046992B2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized CaCO3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
MA35716A MA34514B1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | CACO3 MICRONIZED SLUDGE INJECTION SYSTEM FOR REMINERALIZATION OF DEALINIZED WATER AND FRESHWATER |
JP2013524412A JP5799101B2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Particulate CaCO3 slurry injection system for remineralization of desalted and fresh water |
CA2807037A CA2807037C (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
RU2013110842/05A RU2564336C2 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | System for feed of suspension of finely-ground caco3 for remineralisation of desalted and sweet water |
RS20150751A RS54406B9 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
TNP2013000024A TN2013000024A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 | 2013-01-28 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
IL224462A IL224462A (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2013-01-29 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
ZA2013/01529A ZA201301529B (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2013-02-28 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
HRP20151292TT HRP20151292T1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-11-27 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
SM201500325T SMT201500325B (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2015-12-23 | SYSTEM FOR INJECTION OF A MIX OF CaCO3 MICRONIZED FOR THE REINERALIZATION OF DESSALATED AND SWEET WATER |
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EP10172771.7 | 2010-08-13 | ||
EP10172771.7A EP2418177B9 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2010-08-13 | Micronized CaCO3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
US40185410P | 2010-08-20 | 2010-08-20 | |
US61/401,854 | 2010-08-20 |
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PCT/EP2011/063773 WO2012020056A1 (en) | 2010-08-13 | 2011-08-10 | Micronized caco3 slurry injection system for the remineralization of desalinated and fresh water |
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CN102897945A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2013-01-30 | 天津科技大学 | Method for mineralizing seawater desalted water |
EP2805924A1 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-26 | Omya International AG | Multiple batch system for the preparation of a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate suitable for the remineralization of desalinated water and of naturally soft water |
EP2805923A1 (en) | 2013-05-24 | 2014-11-26 | Omya International AG | Installation for the preparation of a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate suitable for the remineralization of water |
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