WO2011110126A2 - 自注入光收发模块和波分复用无源光网络*** - Google Patents

自注入光收发模块和波分复用无源光网络*** Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011110126A2
WO2011110126A2 PCT/CN2011/073196 CN2011073196W WO2011110126A2 WO 2011110126 A2 WO2011110126 A2 WO 2011110126A2 CN 2011073196 W CN2011073196 W CN 2011073196W WO 2011110126 A2 WO2011110126 A2 WO 2011110126A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
port
awg
self
signal
transceiver module
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Application number
PCT/CN2011/073196
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English (en)
French (fr)
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WO2011110126A3 (zh
Inventor
刘德坤
白聿生
林华枫
徐之光
Original Assignee
华为技术有限公司
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Publication date
Priority to RU2013152014/07A priority Critical patent/RU2562808C2/ru
Priority to SG2013077821A priority patent/SG194545A1/en
Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to ES11752869.5T priority patent/ES2436858T3/es
Priority to KR1020137029648A priority patent/KR101519939B1/ko
Priority to CA2833624A priority patent/CA2833624C/en
Priority to AU2011226481A priority patent/AU2011226481B2/en
Priority to PT117528695T priority patent/PT2482472E/pt
Priority to EP11752869.5A priority patent/EP2482472B1/en
Priority to CN201180000928.4A priority patent/CN102388547B/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2011/073196 priority patent/WO2011110126A2/zh
Priority to JP2014505483A priority patent/JP5778335B2/ja
Publication of WO2011110126A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011110126A2/zh
Publication of WO2011110126A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011110126A3/zh
Priority to ARP120101369A priority patent/AR086361A1/es
Priority to TW101114067A priority patent/TWI452852B/zh
Priority to US13/487,662 priority patent/US8971709B2/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/501—Structural aspects
    • H04B10/506—Multiwavelength transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/25—Arrangements specific to fibre transmission
    • H04B10/2589—Bidirectional transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/40—Transceivers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
    • H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
    • H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
    • H04J14/0278—WDM optical network architectures
    • H04J14/0282—WDM tree architectures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and more particularly to a self-injecting optical transceiver module and a Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network (WDM-PON) system based on the transceiver.
  • WDM-PON Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network
  • Passive optical networks are particularly competitive in fiber access networks.
  • the specific structure of the passive optical network system can be referred to FIG. 1 , which includes an OLT (Optical Line Terminal) at the central office, and an ODN (Optical Distribution Network) for branching/coupling or multiplexing/demultiplexing. , an optical distribution network (ORP) and a plurality of ONUs (Optical Network Units) located at the user end.
  • OLT Optical Line Terminal
  • ODN Optical Distribution Network
  • ORP optical distribution network
  • ONUs Optical Network Units
  • WDM-PON systems using WDM technology are attracting attention due to their greater bandwidth capacity and information security similar to peer-to-peer communication.
  • WDM-PON is costly compared to EPON, GPON, etc.
  • TDM Time Division Multiplexing, TDM
  • the high cost of the light source is important for the overall cost of the WDM-PON system. factor.
  • WDM-PON uses AWG (Arrayed Waveguide Grating) or WGR (Waveguide Grating Router) on the user side.
  • the wavelengths on the AWG or WGR ports connected to each ONU of the client are different. Therefore, different ONUs need to use optical transceiver modules of different wavelengths, that is, colored optical modules called optical communication. ONU's use of colored light modules will result in the ONU being unusable; at the same time, it will bring great difficulties to operators' service distribution and bring storage problems.
  • the industry has proposed a WDM-PON colorless light source.
  • the concept, that is, the ONU transceiver module is wavelength-independent, and its emission wavelength can automatically adapt to the port wavelength of the connected AWG or WGR, so that it can be plugged in any AWG or WGR port.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the WDM-PON system.
  • the WDM-PON system after the multi-longitudinal mode optical signal emitted by the self-injection locking laser of the ONU of the user terminal is filtered by the AWG of the remote node (RN), only the optical signal of the corresponding wavelength can be transmitted through the optical signal.
  • Said RN-AWG and enters a Partial Reflection Mirror (PRM) disposed on the backbone fiber, a portion of the light being reflected back and re-injected back into the self-injection locking laser due to the action of the partial mirror
  • PRM Partial Reflection Mirror
  • the gain chamber of the self-injecting locked laser re-amplifies the reflected light and then emits it again, so that it oscillates multiple times.
  • the self-injection-locked laser and the partial mirror form an external cavity from the seed laser, forming a laser cavity between them and outputting a stable optical signal.
  • the uplink data of the ONU is modulated to the optical signal and further demultiplexed through the backbone optical fiber and passed through the AWG of the central office (CO), and output to the receiver (Rx) corresponding to the OLT.
  • the receiver (Rx) corresponding to the OLT.
  • the downlink optical signal sent by the OLT is demultiplexed by the RN-AWG, it can be output to the receiver of the corresponding ONU.
  • each channel of the AWG acts as an intracavity filter from the seed laser, which requires the filter curve of the AWG channel to have a narrower bandwidth and maximum transmission at the center wavelength of the channel.
  • the AWG functions as a demultiplexing function, which requires the AWG channel to have a wider bandwidth and a flat transmission curve in the channel.
  • PON system performance is very limited, unable to meet the actual application needs.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a self-injection optical transceiver module and a WDM-PON system based on the optical transceiver module to solve the problem of low performance existing in the prior art.
  • a self-injecting optical transceiver module includes: a gain medium, a photoelectric converter, at least one arrayed waveguide grating AWG, and a partial mirror, wherein the at least one AWG includes two common ports and a plurality of branch ports, the two One of the common ports serves as a signal transmitting port, and the other serves as a signal receiving port, the signal transmitting port having a bandwidth smaller than the signal receiving port; the gain medium and the photoelectric converter being connected to the branch port of the AWG,
  • the AWG and the partial mirror are configured to perform wavelength self-injection locking on the optical signal provided by the gain medium, and transmit through the signal sending port; and the AWG is further configured to receive the signal receiving port The optical signal is demultiplexed to the corresponding branch port.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system comprising a central office self-injection optical transceiver module and a user-side self-injection optical transceiver module, wherein the central office self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module Each includes a self-injecting optical transceiver module as described above.
  • a wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network system includes an optical line terminal at a central office and a plurality of optical network units at a user end, wherein the optical line terminal is connected to the plurality of optical network units through an optical fiber;
  • the terminal includes a plurality of central office self-injection optical transceiver modules, wherein the plurality of central office self-injection optical transceiver modules share the same central office waveguide array grating AWG, and the central office AWG includes two common ports and multiple branch ports, each Each of the central office self-injection optical transceiver modules is respectively connected to one of the branch ports of the central office AWG, one of the public ports of the central office AWG serves as a central office signal transmitting port, and the other serves as a central office signal receiving port, and The bandwidth of the central office signal sending port is smaller than the central office signal receiving port.
  • the self-injection optical transceiver module provided by the embodiment of the present invention can be obtained by the foregoing technical solution.
  • the AWG has two common ports, namely, a signaling port and a signal receiving port, and wherein the signal transmitting port has a smaller bandwidth than the signal receiving port, thereby enabling the AWG to use different public when transmitting and receiving optical signals, respectively. Port; Because the bandwidth of the signal transmission port is relatively narrow, the transmission peak can be made to coincide with the center wavelength of the AWG channel, so that the transmitted signal can be effectively improved. Performance, and the channel bandwidth corresponding to the signal receiving port is wider, which can ensure the quality of the received signal after demultiplexing. Therefore, compared with the prior art, the performance of the self-injection optical transceiver module and the WDM-PON system provided by the embodiments of the present invention is improved.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a passive optical network system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a WDM-PON system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a self-injection optical transceiver module according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a WDM-PON system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a WDM-PON system according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of a WDM-PON system according to another embodiment of the present invention
  • 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a WDM-PON system provided by another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the AWG is also responsible for the formation of the transmitting end.
  • the function of the intracavity filter and the demultiplexer at the receiving end Due to the conflicting bandwidth requirements of these two functions, in order to simultaneously apply to optical signal transmission and reception, the industry generally chooses the bandwidth of the common port of the AWG, thereby resulting in the current optical transceiver module based on the self-seed laser.
  • the performance of the WDM-PON system is low.
  • the embodiment of the present invention first provides a self-injection optical transceiver module, and the optical transceiver module can include a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transmitter of the optical transceiver module includes a gain medium 11, an AWG2, and a partial mirror 12.
  • the AWG 2 includes a branch port 22 connected to the gain medium 11, and a signal transmitting port 13 connected to the partial mirror 12, wherein the wavelength channel of the branch port 22 corresponds to the operating wavelength of the transmitter, the signal transmitting port 13 is for transmitting an optical signal supplied from the gain medium 11 to the trunk optical fiber 4.
  • the receiver of the optical transceiver module includes a photoelectric converter 21 and an AWG 2.
  • the AWG 2 is connected to the photoelectric converter 21 through the branch port 22; and, the AWG 2 may further be provided with a signal receiving port 23 for receiving an optical signal from the trunk fiber 4.
  • the transmitter and the receiver may share the AWG2, for example, the
  • AWG2 may be used on the one hand as a filter of the transmitter for limiting the wavelength of the optical signal emitted by the transmitter to the operating wavelength of the optical transceiver module; on the other hand as a demultiplexer of the receiver Demultiplexing the optical signal received from the backbone fiber 4 to the corresponding branch port 22 has been received by the photoelectric converter 21.
  • the optical transceiver module may further include a circulator 1 to which a signal transmitting port 13 and a signal receiving port 23 of the AWG 2 may be connected.
  • the partial mirror 12 may be disposed between the signal transmitting port 13 and the circulator 1.
  • the circulator 1 can supply an optical signal from the signal transmitting port 13 to the trunk optical fiber 4, and supply the optical signal from the autonomous dry fiber 4 to the signal receiving port 23.
  • the circulator may also be replaced by a wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the bandwidth of the signal sending port 13 is smaller than the bandwidth of the signal receiving port 23.
  • the signal sending port 13 may have a narrow 3dB bandwidth, so as to improve the optical transceiver module.
  • the filtering function of the transmitter of the block, and the signal receiving port 23 can have a wider 3 dB bandwidth in order to improve the demultiplexing function of the receiver of the optical transceiver module.
  • the optical transceiver module as an OLT disposed at the central office of the WDM-PON system is used as an example.
  • the self-injecting optical transceiver module can transmit a downlink optical signal to the user ONU through the trunk optical fiber 4 connected thereto, and receive the downlink optical signal from the ONU.
  • the AWG 2 of the self-injection optical transceiver module is equipped with two common ports: a signal transmitting port 13 and a signal receiving port 23; wherein, the signal transmitting port 13 is configured to transmit a downlink optical signal, and the signal receiving port 23 is configured to receive an uplink.
  • Optical signal Optical signal.
  • Embodiments of the present invention can design signal transmission port 13 to have a narrower 3 dB bandwidth and have maximum transmission at the center wavelength of the channel.
  • the signal transmitting port 13 may be a Gaussian port having a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the embodiment of the present invention can design its 3dB bandwidth to be wider, that is, the transmittance in the passband has a small change in transmittance over a wide range, so that The injected optical transceiver module has a better receiving effect when receiving the upstream optical signal.
  • the signal receiving port 23 may be a flat type port having a wide 3 dB bandwidth. It should be understood that the "wider 3dB bandwidth" and the “narrower 3dB bandwidth" are relative, and the specific bandwidth may be determined according to the number of wavelength channels of the AWG2, in order to ensure the performance of the optical transceiver module.
  • the 3dB bandwidth of the signal sending port 13 should be at least less than the 3dB bandwidth of the signal receiving port 23.
  • the transmitter may include a gain medium 11, an AWG2, and a partial mirror 12; the AWG 2 is provided with a branch port 22 connected to the gain medium 11; and the AWG 2 is provided with a signal transmission connected to the partial mirror 12.
  • Port 13 The signal transmitting port 13 is also connected to a circulator 1 or a wavelength division multiplexer, and the circulator 1 or the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the trunk optical fiber 4.
  • the gain medium 11 is excited, and the gain medium 11 is excited after being excited.
  • an ASE (Amplified Spontaneous Emission) optical signal is emitted.
  • the optical signal passes through the channel of the AWG2, the optical signal other than the corresponding wavelength channel is filtered or lost, so only the branch port 22 of the AWG2 is used.
  • the optical signal in the passband range determined by the signal transmitting port 13 can pass.
  • the optical signal is transmitted to the partial mirror 12 through the signal transmitting port 13, and a part of the optical signal is reflected back by the partial mirror 12 and injected into the gain medium 11 to be amplified again, so that it is repeated multiple times.
  • the optical signal is resonantly amplified by multiple round trips between the gain medium 11 and the partial mirror 12, and finally the optical signal generated by the transmitter operates at the transmission peak wavelength determined by the signal transmitting port 13 and the branch port 22. Thereby, a downstream optical signal that can be transmitted from the signal transmitting port 13 is formed. Then, the downlink optical signal is transmitted from the signal transmitting port 13 and then transmitted to the trunk optical fiber 4 via the circulator 1 or the wavelength division multiplexer, and transmitted by the trunk optical fiber 4 to the ONU corresponding to the user end.
  • the signal transmitting port 13 functions as an intracavity filter in the transmitter, so that the bandwidth design can be separately optimized, the bandwidth thereof is designed to be narrow, and the transmission peak and the corresponding AWG are transmitted.
  • the center wavelength of the channel is the same, which can effectively improve the performance of the transmitted signal.
  • the receiver may include a photoelectric converter 21 and AWG2; the AWG 2 is provided with a branch port 22 connected to the photoelectric converter 21; and the AWG 2 is provided with a signal receiving port 23.
  • the signal receiving port 23 is connected to the circulator 1 or the wavelength division multiplexer, and the circulator 1 or the wavelength division multiplexer is connected to the trunk fiber 4.
  • the upstream optical signal autonomous dry fiber 4 is transmitted to the circulator 1 or the wavelength division multiplexer and further conducted to the signal receiving port 23.
  • the AWG 2 demultiplexes the optical signal to the branch port 22 to which the receiver is connected, and then transmits it to the photoelectric converter 21 in the receiver via the branch port 22 of the AWG 2.
  • the photoelectric converter 21 may be a photodiode.
  • the uplink optical signal transmitted by the trunk optical fiber 4 can enter the flat-type signal receiving port 23 with a wide bandwidth of 3 dB through the circulator 1 and is decrypted by the AWG2.
  • the corresponding branch port 22 is used and then supplied to the photoelectric converter 21 through the wavelength division multiplexer. Since the signal receiving port 23 is separately provided independently of the signal transmitting port 12 in the embodiment of the present invention, the channel bandwidth corresponding to the signal receiving port 23 can be designed. The transmission curve is flat, so the quality of the received signal after demultiplexing is better.
  • the common port of the AWG in the self-injection optical transceiver module is set to two types, that is, a signal transmission port having a narrow 3 dB bandwidth and a signal receiving port having a wider 3 dB bandwidth, thereby making the AWG Different public ports can be used when transmitting and receiving optical signals.
  • the bandwidth optimization design of the signal receiving port and the signal sending port of the self-injecting optical transceiver module respectively improves the performance of the self-injecting optical transceiver module significantly.
  • the gain medium in the receiver may specifically include an IL FP-LD (inclusion-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode) or RSOA (Restorable Semiconductor Optical) Amplifier, reflective semiconductor optical amplifier).
  • IL FP-LD inclusion-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode
  • RSOA Restorable Semiconductor Optical
  • Amplifier reflective semiconductor optical amplifier
  • the partial mirror may also be a Faraday rotating partial mirror.
  • a one-way 45 can be added to the front of the partial mirror.
  • the Faraday rotating cylinder forms a Faraday Rotator Mirror (FRM).
  • FRM Faraday Rotator Mirror
  • the broad-spectrum spontaneous emission spectrum signal from the transmitter is reflected by the Faraday rotator and its polarization is rotated by 90°.
  • the TE mode emitted by the laser transceiver is reflected in the FRM to become the TM mode
  • the emitted TM mode is reflected back by the TE to become the TE mode, thereby reducing the polarization gain correlation in the self-injecting laser transceiver.
  • the ability of the self-injecting fiber laser transceiver to resist random polarization interference in the embodiment of the invention is improved.
  • the self-injection optical transceiver module provided by the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to the user ONU of the WDM-PON system, and the specific structure thereof is similar to the self-injection optical transceiver module as the central office. The only difference is that the self-injection is used as the ONU of the user end.
  • the receiver is used to receive the downlink optical signal
  • the transmitter is used to transmit the uplink optical signal.
  • the gain medium of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module has a gain amplification function for the downlink band
  • the gain medium of the self-injection optical transceiver module of the user end has a gain amplification function for the uplink band.
  • the wavelength division multiplexer has a function of multiplexing and demultiplexing the upstream band and the downlink band.
  • the waveguide of the AWG2 signal transmitting end can be designed as an inverse tapered structure, that is, close to the Roland circle. The position of the waveguide is narrower, and the waveguide width at the output is wider, so that the signal transmission port has a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 in order to realize that the 3dB bandwidth of the signal transmitting port 13 is smaller than the 3dB bandwidth of the signal receiving port 23, specifically, the waveguide of the AWG2 signal transmitting end can be designed as an inverse tapered structure, that is, close to the Roland circle. The position of the waveguide is narrower, and the waveguide width at the output is wider, so that the signal transmission port has a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the bandwidth of the signaling port 13 is smaller than the signal receiving port 23 by other various methods; for example, by providing a tapered waveguide structure at the signal receiving port 23, Mach-Zeng The interferometer structure, multimode coupler or by cascading AWG to increase the 3dB bandwidth of the signal receiving port.
  • the implementation of the signal transmission port and the signal receiving port having different bandwidths can also be realized by providing two AWGs with different 3dB bandwidths. That is, two AWGs having different 3dB bandwidths respectively serve as a signal receiving AWG and a signal transmitting AWG. Specifically, a common end of the AWG having a narrow 3dB bandwidth is used as a signal receiving port, and the AWG can be referred to as a signal receiving AWG; The common end of the AWG with a wider 3dB bandwidth serves as a signal transmission port, which can be referred to as a signal transmitting AWG.
  • the implementation of the signal transmission port and the signal receiving port having different bandwidths can also be realized by providing two AWGs with the same 3dB bandwidth and a periodic filter with a narrow bandwidth.
  • the common end of the signaling AWG can be connected to a periodic filter with a narrow 3dB bandwidth, such as a Fabry-Perot etalon, so that the signal is sent by the AWG.
  • the optical signal has a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the other AWG can receive the AWG as a signal, and its 3dB bandwidth is greater than the signal transmission AWG.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a WDM-PON system based on the optical transceiver module.
  • the WDM-PON system may include a central office self-injection optical transceiver module and a client-side self-injection optical transceiver module.
  • the optical transceiver module provided by the foregoing embodiment may be used by the central office self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module.
  • the central office self-injection optical transceiver module may be disposed at the OLT as an optical transceiver module of the OLT.
  • the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module may be respectively disposed at the user end ONU as the optical transceiver module of the ONU.
  • Each optical transceiver module of the OLT corresponds to an optical transceiver module of one of the ONUs, and both have the same working wavelength.
  • the central office self-injecting optical transceiver module may include an AWG 102 and a partial mirror 112; the AWG 102 includes a plurality of branch ports 122 and two common ports, and the two common ports are a signal receiving port 123 and Signal transmitting port 113; branch port 122 is connected to gain medium 111 and photoelectric converter 121 through a wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the signal transmitting port 113 has a Gaussian or a half Gaussian filter curve and has a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the signal receiving port 123 has a flat filter curve with a wide 3dB bandwidth.
  • the client-side self-injecting optical transceiver module includes an AWG 202 and a partial mirror 212; the AWG 102 includes a plurality of branch ports and two common ports, and the two common ports are a signal transmitting port 213 and a signal receiving port 223, respectively;
  • the gain medium 211 and the photoelectric converter 221 are connected by a wavelength division multiplexer.
  • the signal transmission port 213 has a Gaussian or a half Gaussian filter curve and has a narrow 3dB bandwidth.
  • the signal receiving port 223 has a flat filter curve with a wide 3dB bandwidth.
  • the branch port 122 is connected to the gain medium 111 and the photoelectric converter 121 through a wavelength division multiplexer, that is, each branch port of the AWG 102 and the gain medium 111 and photoelectric conversion
  • the device 121 is connected in a sequential-corresponding connection, that is, the first gain medium and the first photoelectric converter are connected to the first branch port, the second gain medium and the second photoelectric converter and the second branch port Connect, and so on to connect to other branch ports.
  • the position of the signal transmitting port 113 of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module 100 on the Roland circle corresponds to the position of the signal receiving port 223 of the user-injected optical transceiver module 200 on the Roland circle;
  • the position of the signal receiving port 123 of the module 100 on the Roland circle corresponds to the position of the user terminal from the signal transmitting port 213 of the injected optical transceiver module 200 on the Roland circle.
  • the downstream optical signal generated by the central office from the optical transceiver module 100 is sent to the trunk optical fiber through the partial mirror 112, and then enters the signal receiving port 223 of the user-injected optical transceiver module 200. And is demultiplexed by the AWG 202 to the corresponding branch port 222 and provided by the photoelectric converter 221 of the corresponding client optical transceiver module.
  • the client-side self-injecting optical transceiver module 200 is provided with a partial mirror 212.
  • the upstream optical signal generated by the user terminal from the injected optical transceiver module passes through the signal transmitting port 213, and then passes through the partial mirror.
  • the 212 is sent to the trunk fiber, and then enters the signal receiving port 123 of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module 100, and is demultiplexed by the AWG 102 to the corresponding branch port 122 and provided by the photoelectric converter 121 of the corresponding central office optical transceiver module. .
  • FIG. 5 it is a schematic structural diagram of another embodiment of a WDM-PON system based on the self-injecting optical transceiver module of the present invention.
  • the AWG used is a non-wavelength 0 hop AWG
  • the central office self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module each include 32 receivers and transmitters, and the signal transmission port 313 of the AWG 302.
  • the position of the signal transmitting port 413 of the AWG 402 on the Roland circle corresponds, and the signal receiving port 323 and the signal transmitting port 423 also correspond to the position of the Roland circle.
  • the signal receiving port 313 of the AWG 302 and the signal transmitting port 312 are separated by one channel, and the signal receiving port 413 and the signal transmitting port 412 of the AWG 402 are also separated by one channel; and the second to 33 branches of the AWG 302
  • the position of the port on the Roland circle corresponds to the position of the 1st to 32th branch ports of the AWG402 on the Roland circle, and the first port of the AWG302 is the previous port adjacent to the second port, the 34th port. The next port adjacent to the 33rd port.
  • the k-th branch port of the module AWG 402, that is, the k-th photoelectric converter of the self-injection optical transceiver module of the user end receives the downlink optical signal, and the specific fiber connection manner is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the channel interval between the signal receiving port and the signal transmitting port of the AWG 302 may be 1, 2 or 3, and the like.
  • the channel spacing between the signal receiving port and the signal transmitting port of the AWG302 is m. In this case, only the central end self-injection optical transceiver module is required.
  • the kth gain medium in the middle can be connected with k+2m branch ports in the AWG302.
  • the local end self-injection is required.
  • the mth port of the AWG 302 of the optical transceiver module corresponds to the position of the first port of the AWG 402 in the user-injected optical transceiver module on the Roland circle.
  • the branch ports of the AWG 402 in the optical transceiver module of the user end are connected to the gain medium one by one, as shown in FIG. 5 . Show.
  • the central office self-injection optical transceiver module enters the trunk optical fiber through the downstream optical signal transmitting port 312 of the AWG 302, and then enters the signal receiving port 423 of the AWG 402 in the user-injected optical transceiver module.
  • the AWG for use is a non-wavelength 0 hop AWG, that is, the signal transmission port of the AWG 302 is different from the channel of the AWG402 signal receiving port, specifically, for example, in this embodiment, The channel interval is 1; at this time, the downlink optical signal sent by the k+2 branch port in the AWG 302 is demultiplexed into the kth branch port of the AWG402 in the client self-injection optical transceiver module.
  • the kth gain medium in the central end self-injection optical transceiver module can be further connected to the K+2 branch port of the AWG 302; for example, The first gain medium of the self-injection optical transceiver module is connected to the third branch port of the AWG 302, the second gain medium is connected to the fourth branch port of the AWG 302, and so on, and the remaining gain medium and the branch port of the AWG 302 are connected. .
  • the self-injecting optical transceiver module at the user end can use 32 channels of AWG to form 32 receivers and transmitters; and in the central office self-injecting optical transceiver module, since the 32nd gain medium needs to be the 34th of the AWG302
  • the branch port is connected, so the AWG302 of the local end self-injecting optical transceiver module needs to have at least 34 branch ports; in practical applications, a 40 channel AWG can be used.
  • the AWG used in the WDM-PON system may also have a wavelength of 0 ⁇ AWG.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is similar to the embodiment corresponding to FIG. 5, except that the AWG of the self-injecting optical transceiver module in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 is an AWG with a wavelength of 0 hops.
  • the AWG with a wavelength of 0 hops has a total of N branch ports. Since the AWG port with a wavelength of 0 hops has a cyclic characteristic, that is, the kth wavelength and the k+Nth wavelength will appear on the same port, the next one of the Nth channels of the AWG. Wave The long will reappear on the first channel and then loop.
  • the self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module are both AWGs with the same wavelength of 0 hops, and the two common terminals are adjacent two channels, so that the central end self-injection optical transceiver module
  • the downstream optical signal provided by one gain medium is sent to the photoelectric converter connected to the first branch port of the AWG 602, and the first gain medium 511 of the central end self-injection optical transceiver module and the second branch of the AWG 502 can be injected. Port connection.
  • other gain medium connections are similar to the first gain medium. Specifically, the second gain medium needs to be connected to the third branch port of the AWG 502.
  • the last gain medium in the central end-injection optical transceiver module needs to be connected to the first branch port in the AWG502.
  • the optoelectronic changer 621 in the self-injection optical transceiver module at the user end corresponds to the gain medium 511 of the local end self-injection fiber optic laser transceiver 500.
  • the second optical-to-input port of the central-side self-injection optical transceiver module is connected to the first branch port of the AWG 502, so as to receive the uplink optical signal sent by the first gain medium in the self-injection optical transceiver module of the user terminal;
  • the other photoelectric converters are connected in a similar manner to the second photoelectric converter.
  • the third photoelectric converter of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module needs to be associated with the AWG502.
  • the second branch port is connected, and so on; the first photoelectric converter in the central end self-injection optical transceiver module needs to be connected to the last branch port in the AWG 502.
  • the common port of the AWG with a narrow bandwidth of 3dB is used as a signaling port, and the common port of the AWG with a wide bandwidth of 3dB is The signal receiving port; thus, the partial reflector is connected by the signal transmitting port of the AWG having a narrow bandwidth of 3 dB, and the receiving signal is connected to the signal receiving port of the AWG having a wide 3 dB bandwidth.
  • the central office self-injection optical transceiver module may include AWG31 and AWG41, and the two AWGs respectively have different 3dB bandwidths.
  • the self-injecting optical transceiver module at the user end can use an AWG 51 with two different common ports of 3 dB bandwidth.
  • the AWG 31 includes a signal transmission port 33 with a narrow bandwidth of 3 dB for transmitting a downlink optical signal.
  • the AWG 41 includes a signal receiving port 43 having a wide bandwidth of 3 dB for receiving an uplink optical signal.
  • the AWG 51 includes a signal transmission port 53 having a narrow bandwidth of 3 dB and a signal receiving port 56 having a wide bandwidth of 3 dB.
  • the specific working mode of the self-injection optical transceiver module of the central office self-injection optical transceiver module and the user end is: the first gain medium 32 of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module passes through the first branch port 34.
  • the optical signal is sent to the trunk optical fiber along the signal transmitting port 33.
  • the downlink optical signal After receiving the downlink optical signal, the downlink optical signal enters the first branch port 54 of the self-injection optical transceiver module of the user terminal, and enters the first Photoelectric converter 52.
  • the first gain medium 52 of the self-injecting optical transceiver module at the user end transmits the upstream optical signal to the trunk optical fiber along the signal transmitting port 53 through the first branch port 54, and the signal receiving port 43 of the AWG 41 receives the downlink optical signal and enters the AWG 41.
  • the first branch port 44 enters the first photoelectric converter 42.
  • the central office self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module may be configured to be composed of two AWGs.
  • the central end self-injection transceiver module can include AWG61 and AWG71, and the two AWGs have different 3dB bandwidths.
  • the client-side self-injecting optical transceiver module can include AWG81 and AWG91, and the two AWGs have different 3dB bandwidths.
  • the AWG61 includes a 3dB narrow signal transmission port 63 for transmitting downlink optical signals
  • the AWG71 includes a 3dB wide bandwidth signal receiving port 73 for receiving uplink optical signals.
  • the AWG81 includes a 3dB narrow signal transmission port 83 for transmitting upstream optical signals.
  • the AWG71 includes a 3dB wide bandwidth signal receiving port 93 for receiving downstream optical signals.
  • the specific working mode of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module and the user-side self-injection optical transceiver module is: the first gain medium 62 of the central office self-injection optical transceiver module passes through the first branch port 64.
  • the optical signal is transmitted to the trunk fiber along the signal transmission port 63.
  • the signal receiving port 93 of the AWG 91 enters the first branch port 94 of the AWG 91 and enters the first photoelectric converter 92.
  • the first gain medium 82 of the self-injection optical transceiver module at the user end transmits the upstream optical signal to the trunk optical fiber along the signal transmitting port 83 through the first branch port 84 of the AWG 81, and the signal receiving port 73 of the AWG 71 receives the downlink optical signal.
  • the downstream optical signal enters the first branch port 74 of the AWG 71, and enters the first photoelectric converter 72 of the local end self-injection optical transceiver module.
  • the upstream band and the downstream band may be adjacent to the AWG.
  • the FSR (Free Spectral Range) band can also be a non-adjacent FSR band.

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Abstract

本发明实施例公开了一种自注入光收发模块和基于该光收发模块的WDM-PON***，其中所述自注入光收发模块包括增益介质、光电转换器、至少一个阵列波导光栅AWG和部分反射镜，所述至少一个AWG包括两个公共端口和多个分支端口，所述两个公共端口其中一个作为信号发送端口，另一个作为信号接收端口，所述信号发送端口的带宽小于所述信号接收端口；所述增益介质和所述光电转换器连接至所述AWG的分支端口，所述AWG和所述部分反射镜用于将所述增益介质提供的光信号进行波长自注入锁定，并通过所述信号发送端口发送；且所述AWG还用于将所述信号接收端口接收到的光信号解复用到对应的分支端口。本发明实施例可以有效提升自注入光收发模块和WDM-PON***的性能。

Description

自注入光收发模块和波分复用无源光网络***
技术领域 本发明涉及通讯技术领域， 更具体地说， 涉及一种自注入光收发模块和基 于该收发器的波分复用无源光网络 (Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive Optical Network , WDM-PON)***。
背景技术
随着大带宽光纤通讯技术的日益成熟， 以及其应用成本的逐年下降，从而 使得光纤接入网逐渐成为下一代宽带接入网的有力竟争者。 在光纤接入网中， 无源光网络（PON )的竟争力尤为强大。 一般地， 无源光网络***的具体结构 可以参考图 1 , 其包括位于局端的 OLT ( Optical Line Terminal , 光线路终端）， 用于分支 /耦合或者复用 /解复用的 ODN ( Optical Distribution Network, 光分配 网 )以及多个位于用户端的 ONU ( Optical Network Unit, 光网络单元 )。 根据 PON实现的不同， PON可以分成不同的类型， 其中， 釆用 WDM技术的 WDM-PON***， 由于其更大的带宽容量、 类似点对点通信的信息安全性等优 点而备受关注。 但是相比于 EPON、 GPON等釆用 TDM(Time Division Multiplexing, TDM)技术光纤接入网， WDM-PON成本很高， 其中， 光源的成 本过高是造成 WDM-PON***整体成本过高的重要因素。
WDM-PON在用户端釆用 AWG(Arrayed Waveguide Grating, 阵列波导光 栅)或 WGR(Waveguide Grating Router, 波导光栅路由器）， 每个用户端 ONU所 连接的 AWG或 WGR端口上的波长都是不相同的， 因此不同的 ONU需要釆用不 同波长的光收发模块， 即在光通信领域所称的有色光模块。 ONU釆用有色光 模块会导致 ONU无法通用； 同时， 也会给运营商的业务发放带了很大的困难 并带来仓储问题。为了解决 ONU的有色问题，业界提出了 WDM-PON无色光源 的概念， 即 ONU收发模块是与波长无关的， 其发射波长可以自动适应所连接 的 AWG或 WGR的端口波长， 实现在任何一个 AWG或 WGR端口上都可以即插 即可。
为了实现 WDM-PON的 ONU收发模块无色化， 业界提出了多种解决方案， 其中包括自种子光纤激光器。 请参阅图 2, 其为一种釆用自种子激光器的
WDM-PON***的示意图。在所述 WDM-PON***中， 用户端 ONU的自注入锁 定激光器发出的多纵模光信号在远端节点 (Remote Node, RN)的 AWG被过滤 之后，只有对应波长的光信号可以透过所述 RN-AWG并进入设置在主干光纤的 部分反射镜 (Partial Reflection Mirror, PRM), 由于所述部分反射镜的作用， 有 一部分光被反射回来并重新注入回所述自注入锁定激光器，所述自注入锁定激 光器的增益腔会对反射回来的光再次放大然后又发射出去， 如此往返多次振 荡。 所述自注入锁定激光器和部分反射镜便构成一个外腔自种子激光器，二者 之间形成一个激光谐振腔并输出稳定的光信号。 所述 ONU的上行数据调制到 上述光信号之后可进一步通过所述主干光纤并经过局端 (Central Office, CO)的 AWG解复用， 输出到 OLT对应的接收机 (Rx)。 同理， 所述 OLT发出的下行光信 号通过所述 RN-AWG解复用之后， 便可输出到对应 ONU的接收机。
上述方案虽然可以实现收发模块无色化，但所述 AWG需要同时承担发射 端的腔内滤波和接收端的解复用的功能。 在发射端， 所述 AWG的每一个通道 作为自种子激光器的腔内滤波器， 其要求 AWG通道的滤波曲线能够具有较窄 的带宽且在通道的中心波长处具有最大的透射率。 而在接收端， 所述 AWG起 解复用功能， 其要求 AWG通道具有较宽的带宽且通道内透射曲线比较平坦。 这两个相互矛盾的需求，使得上述基于自种子激光器的光收发模块和 WDM -
PON***性能都非常有限， 无法满足实际应用需求。
发明内容 本发明实施例提供自注入光收发模块和基于该光收发模块的 WDM-PON ***， 以解决现有技术存在的性能较低的问题。
一种自注入光收发模块， 包括： 增益介质、 光电转换器、 至少一个阵列波 导光栅 AWG和部分反射镜， 其中， 所述至少一个 AWG包括两个公共端口和 多个分支端口， 所述两个公共端口其中一个作为信号发送端口， 另一个作为信 号接收端口， 所述信号发送端口的带宽小于所述信号接收端口； 所述增益介质 和所述光电转换器连接至所述 AWG的分支端口， 所述 AWG和所述部分反射 镜用于将所述增益介质提供的光信号进行波长自注入锁定，并通过所述信号发 送端口发送； 且所述 AWG还用于将所述信号接收端口接收到的光信号解复用 到对应的分支端口。
一种波分复用无源光网络***，包括局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注 入光收发模块， 其中， 所述局端自注入光收发模块和所述用户端自注入光收发 模块分别包括如上所述的自注入光收发模块。
一种波分复用无源光网络*** ,包括位于局端的光线路终端和位于用户端 的多个光网络单元， 所述光线路终端通过光纤连接到所述多个光网络单元； 所 述光线路终端包括多个局端自注入光收发模块，其中所述多个局端自注入光收 发模块共享同一局端波导阵列光栅 AWG, 所述局端 AWG包括两个公共端口 和多个分支端口， 每个局端自注入光收发模块分别对应连接到所述局端 AWG 的其中一个分支端口， 所述局端 AWG的其中一个公共端口作为局端信号发送 端口， 另一个作为局端信号接收端口， 且所述局端信号发送端口的带宽小于所 述局端信号接收端口。
通过上述技术方案可以得出， 本发明实施例提供的自注入光收发模块的
AWG具有两个公共端口， 即， 信号发送端口和信号接收端口， 且其中所述信 号发送端口的带宽小于所述信号接收端口， 由此使得 AWG在发送和接收光信 号时可以分别使用不同的公共端口； 由于信号发送端口的带宽比较窄， 可以使 得其透射峰值与 AWG通道的中心波长一致，从而可以有效地提升发射信号的 性能， 而信号接收端口所对应的通道带宽较宽， 其可以保证解复用后接收信号 的质量较好。 因此， 相较于现有技术， 本发明实施例提供的自注入光收发模块 和 WDM-PON***的性能得到提升。
附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施 例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地， 下面描述 中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲， 在不付 出创造性劳动的前提下， 还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1 为无源光网络***的结构示意图；
图 2 为一种 WDM-PON***的结构示意图；
图 3为本发明一种实施例提供的自注入光收发模块的结构示意图； 图 4为本发明一种实施例提供的 WDM-PON***的结构示意图； 图 5为本发明另一种实施例提供的 WDM-PON***的结构示意图； 图 6为本发明又一种实施例提供的 WDM-PON***的结构示意图； 图 7为本发明又一种实施例提供的 WDM-PON***的结构示意图； 图 8为本发明又一种实施例提供的 WDM-PON***的结构示意图。
具体实施方式 下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图 ,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清 楚、 完整地描述， 显然， 所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例， 而不是 全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例， 本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造 性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例， 都属于本发明保护的范围。
如上所述， 图 2所示的 WDM-PON***中， AWG同时承担着构成发射端 的腔内滤波器和接收端的解复用器的功能。由于这两个功能相互矛盾的带宽需 求，， 为了同时适用于光信号发送和接收， 业界通常将所述 AWG的公共端口 的带宽折中选择， 从而造成了目前基于自种子激光器的光收发模块和 WDM-PON***的性能较低。
为了解决现有技术 WDM-PON***存在的性能较低的问题， 本发明实施 例首先提供了一种自注入光收发模块，所述光收发模块可以包括发射机和接收 机。
请参阅图 3 , 所述光收发模块的发射机包括增益介质 11、 AWG2和部分反 射镜 12。 AWG2包括与增益介质 11连接的分支端口 22, 以及与部分反射镜 12连接的信号发送端口 13 ,其中所述分支端口 22的波长通道与所述发射机的 工作波长相对应，所述信号发送端口 13用于将所述增益介质 11提供的光信号 发送到主干光纤 4。 所述光收发模块的接收机包括光电转换器 21和 AWG2。 AWG2通过所述分支端口 22与光电转换器 21连接； 并且， AWG2还可以设 有信号接收端口 23 , 其用于接收来自主干光纤 4的光信号。
在上述实施例中， 所述发射机和接收机可以共享所述 AWG2 , 比如， 所述
AWG2可以一方面作为所述发射机的滤波器，用于将所述发射机发射的光信号 的波长限制在所述光收发模块的工作波长；另一方面作为所述接收机的解复用 器， 用于对从主干光纤 4接收到的光信号解复用到对应的分支端口 22已被所 述光电转换器 21所接收。
在具体实施例中， 所述光收发模块还可以包括环行器 1 , AWG2的信号发 送端口 13和信号接收端口 23可以通过环行器 1连接到所述主干光纤 4。并且， 所述部分反射镜 12可以设置在所述信号发送端口 13和所述环行器 1之间。所 述环行器 1可以将来自信号发送端口 13的光信号提供到主干光纤 4, 并将来 自主干光纤 4的光信号提供到信号接收端口 23。 在其他替代实施例中， 环形 器还可以由波分复用器来代替。
并且， 所述信号发送端口 13的带宽小于所述信号接收端口 23的带宽， 比 如， 所述信号发送端口 13可以具有较窄的 3dB带宽， 以便提高所述光收发模 块的发射机的滤波功能， 且所述信号接收端口 23可以具有较宽的 3dB带宽， 以便提高所述光收发模块的接收机的解复用功能。
具体而言，以设置在 WDM-PON***局端的作为 OLT的光收发模块为例， 所述自注入光收发模块可以通过与之连接的主干光纤 4向用户端 ONU发送下 行光信号， 并接收来自用户端 ONU的上行光信号。 本发明实施例中， 自注入 光收发模块的 AWG2配备有信号发送端口 13和信号接收端口 23两种公共端 口； 其中， 信号发送端口 13用于发送下行光信号， 信号接收端口 23用于接收 上行光信号。 由于信号发送端口 13与 AWG2相应的分支端口构成了自注入激 光器的腔内滤波器，为了保证局端的自注入光收发模块所发射的下行光信号的 频语展宽较小， 以保证信号的质量， 本发明实施例可以将信号发送端口 1 3设 计为具有较窄的 3dB带宽， 并且在通道的中心波长处具有最大的透射率。具体 地， 所述信号发送端 13 口可以为具有较窄的 3dB带宽的高斯型端口。
对于用于接收上行光信号的信号接收端口 23 ,本发明实施例可以将其 3dB 带宽设计为较宽， 即， 在通带内的波长在很宽的范围内透射率变化较小， 以使 自注入光收发模块在接收上行光信号时有较好的接收效果。具体地， 所述信号 接收端口 23可以为具有较宽的 3dB带宽的平坦型端口。 应当理解， 所述 "较 宽的 3dB带宽" 和 "较窄 3dB带宽" 是相对而言的， 其具体的带宽可以根据 所述 AWG2的波长通道数量而定， 为了保证所述光收发模块的性能， 在本发 明实施例中， 所述信号发送端口 13的 3dB带宽至少应当小于所述信号接收端 口 23的 3dB带宽。 为更好地理解本发明实施例， 以下简单介绍上述光收发模块的工作过程。 具体的， 在本发明实施例中， 发射机可以包括增益介质 11、 AWG2和部 分反射镜 12; AWG2设有与增益介质 11连接的分支端口 22; AWG2设有与 部分反射镜 12连接的信号发送端口 13。 信号发送端口 13还连接有环形器 1 或波分复用器， 环形器 1或波分复用器与主干光纤 4连接。 这样， 当自注入光 收发模块发送下行光信号时， 激发增益介质 11 , 增益介质 11在受到激发后首 先发出 ASE( Amplified Spontaneous Emission,宽谱放大自发辐射光)光信号， 该 光信号经过 AWG2的通道后， 由于对应的波长通道以外的光信号被过滤或损 耗掉了， 所以只有 AWG2的分支端口 22以及信号发送端口 13决定的通带范 围内的光信号可以通过。 接着， 所以光信号通过信号发射端口 13传送到部分 反射镜 12, 其中一部分光信号被部分射镜 12反射回来并注入到增益介质 11 中再次放大， 如此往返多次。 由此， 光信号在增益介质 11和部分反射镜 12之 间的多次往返形成谐振放大，最终使得发射机所产生的光信号工作在信号发送 端口 13与分支端口 22所决定的透射峰值波长，从而形成可以从信号发送端口 13发送的下行光信号。 接着， 下行光信号从信号发送端口 13发送后， 经由环 形器 1或波分复用器发送至主干光纤 4, 并由所述主干光纤 4传输到用户端对 应的 ONU。
在本发明实施例中， 信号发送端口 13在发射机中起到构成腔内滤波器的 作用， 所以可以对其单独进行带宽设计优化， 将其带宽设计得比较窄， 且透射 峰值与相应的 AWG通道的中心波长一致，从而可以有效地提升发射信号的性 能。
接着，在本发明实施例中，接收机可以包括光电转换器 21和 AWG2; AWG2 设有与光电转换器 21连接的分支端口 22; AWG2设有信号接收端口 23。信号 接收端口 23与环形器 1或波分复用器连接， 环形器 1或波分复用器与主干光 纤 4连接。这样， 上行光信号自主干光纤 4传输至环形器 1或波分复用器后进 一步传导至信号接收端口 23。 AWG2将所述光信号解复用到所述接收机对应 连接的分支端口 22,再经过 AWG2的分支端口 22传输至接收机中的光电转换 器 21。 具体的， 在本发明实施例中， 光电转换器 21可以是光电二极管。
比如， 当自注入光收发模块接收上行光信号时， 由主干光纤 4传输至的上 行光信号可以经过环行器 1进入 3dB带宽较宽的平坦型的信号接收端口 23 , 并由所述 AWG2解复用到相应的分支端口 22, 然后， 再通过波分复用器提供 给到光电转换器 21。 由于在本发明实施例中， 信号接收端口 23是独立于信号 发送端口 12单独设置的，所以信号接收端口 23所对应的通道带宽可以设计的 较宽， 其透射曲线为平坦型， 因此， 解复用后接收信号的质量较好。 在本发明实施例中，通过将自注入光收发模块中 AWG的公共端口设为两 种， 即， 具有较窄的 3dB带宽的信号发送端口和较宽的 3dB带宽的信号接收 端口，从而使得 AWG在发送和接收光信号时，可以分别使用不同的公共端口。 通过将信号发送端口的 3dB 带宽设计为带宽较窄， 并将信号接收端口的 3dB 带宽设计为较宽，保证了自注入光收发模块的接收和发送光信号的质量。在本 发明实施例通过对自注入光收发模块的信号接收端口和信号发送端口分别进 行带宽优化设计， 显著提高了自注入光收发模块的性能。
优选的， 在本发明实施例中， 接收机中的增益介质具体可以包括 IL FP-LD(inj ection-locked Fabry-Perot laser diode, 注入锁定法布里-珀罗激光器） 或 RSOA( Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,反射式半导体光放大器）。
在本发明实施例中 ,部分反射镜还可以为法拉第旋转部分反射镜。具体的 , 可以通过部分反射镜前面增加了一个单程 45。的法拉第旋转筒， 从而构成了一 个法拉第旋转部分反射镜（FRM, Faraday Rotator Mirror )„ 这样， 发射机发 出的宽谱自发辐射谱光信号经过法拉第旋转镜反射后 ,其偏振方向会旋转 90°。 这样， 激光收发器发出来的 TE模式经过 FRM反射回去就成为了 TM模式， 发出的 TM模式经过 TE反射回去就变成了 TE模式。 从而可以减弱自注入激 光收发器中的偏振增益相关性， 这样， 也就提高了本发明实施例中自注入光纤 激光收发器的抗随机偏振干扰的能力。
本发明实施例提供的自注入光收发模块还可以应用在 WDM-PON***的 用户端 ONU, 其具体结构与作为局端的自注入光收发模块类似， 区别仅在于， 在作为用户端 ONU的自注入光收发模块时， 接收机是用来接收下行光信号， 发射机用来发送上行光信号。 另外，局端自注入光收发模块的增益介质对下行 波段具有增益放大功能，用户端自注入光收发模块的增益介质对于上行波段具 有增益放大功能。 波分复用器具有对上行波段和下行波段复用及解复用的功 能。 在图 3所示的实施例中， 为了实现信号发送端口 13的 3dB带宽小于信号 接收端口 23的 3dB带宽， 具体地， 可以把 AWG2信号发送端的波导设计成反锥 形结构， 即， 靠近罗兰圓的位置波导宽度较窄， 而输出端的波导宽度较宽， 从 而使得信号发送端口具有较窄的 3dB带宽。此外， 图 3所示的实施例还可以通 过其他多种方式实现信号发送端口 1 3的带宽小于信号接收端口 23 ; 比如， 可 以通过在信号接收端口 23设有锥形导波结构、 马赫 -曾德干涉仪结构、 多模耦 合器或通过级联 AWG等方式以增加信号接收端口的 3dB带宽。
此外，在本发明实施例中， 实现信号发送端口与信号接收端口具有不同的 带宽还可以通过设有两个不同 3dB带宽的 AWG来实现。 即， 两个具有不同 3dB带宽的 AWG分别作为信号接收 AWG和信号发送 AWG,具体的，具有较 窄 3dB带宽的 AWG的公共端作为信号接收端口， 可以将该 AWG称之为信号 接收 AWG; 具有较宽 3dB带宽的 AWG的公共端作为信号发送端口， 可以将 该 AWG称之为信号发送 AWG。
此外，在本发明实施例中， 实现信号发送端口与信号接收端口具有不同的 带宽还可以通过设有两个相同 3dB带宽的 AWG及一个带宽较窄的周期性滤波 器来实现。 具体的， 两个具有相同 3dB带宽的 AWG中， 信号发送 AWG的公 共端可以连接一个 3dB带宽较窄的周期性滤波器， 比如法布理-泊罗标准具， 以使信号发送 AWG所发送的光信号具有较窄的 3dB带宽。 另一个 AWG即可 作为信号接收 AWG, 其 3dB带宽便大于所述信号发送 AWG。 基于上述光收发模块， 本发明实施例还提供了一种 WDM-PON***。 所 述 WDM-PON***可以包括局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注入光收发模 块。所述局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注入光收发模块可以釆用上述实施 例提供的光收发模块。所述局端自注入光收发模块可以设置在 OLT,作为所述 OLT 的光收发模块； 所述用户端自注入光收发模块可以分别设置在用户端 ONU, 作为所述 ONU的光收发模块。 其中 OLT的每一个光收发模块分别与 其中一个 ONU的光收发模块相对应， 两者具有相同的工作波长。 具体的，参考图 4,局端自注入光收发模块可以包括有一个 AWG102和一 个部分反射镜 112; AWG102包括多个分支端口 122和两个公共端口， 两个公 共端口分别是信号接收端口 123和信号发送端口 113 ; 分支端口 122通过波分 复用器与增益介质 111和光电转换器 121连接。其中信号发射端口 113具有高 斯型或者半高斯型的滤波曲线， 且具有较窄的 3dB带宽。 而信号接收端口 123 具有平坦型的滤波曲线， 具有较宽的 3dB带宽。
用户端自注入光收发模块中包括有一个 AWG202和一个部分反射镜 212; AWG102包括多个分支端口和两个公共端口，两个公共端口分别是信号发射端 口 213和信号接收端口 223 ; 分支端口 222通过波分复用器与增益介质 211和 光电转换器 221连接。其中信号发射端口 213具有高斯型或者半高斯型的滤波 曲线， 且具有较窄的 3dB带宽。 而信号接收端口 223具有平坦型的滤波曲线， 具有较宽的 3dB带宽。
图 4所示的局端自注入光收发模块中，分支端口 122通过波分复用器与增 益介质 111和光电转换器 121连接的连接方式， 即 AWG102的各分支端口与 增益介质 111和光电转换器 121连接按照顺序——对应连接， 即， 第 1个增益 介质和第 1个光电转换器与第 1个分支端口连接，第 2个增益介质和第 2个光 电转换器与第 2个分支端口连接， 以此类推连接其他分支端口。 其中， 局端自 注入光收发模块 100的信号发送端口 113在罗兰圓上位置与用户端自注入光收 发模块 200的信号接收端口 223在罗兰圓上的位置相对应；而局端自注入光收 发模块 100的信号接收端口 123在罗兰圓上的位置与用户端自注入光收发模块 200的信号发送端口 213在罗兰圓上的位置对应。
这样，由局端自注入光收发模块 100的产生的下行光信号经由信号发送端 口 113 , 然后通过部分反射镜 112发送至主干光纤， 进而进入用户端自注入光 收发模块 200的信号接收端口 223 ,并由 AWG202解复用到对应分支端口 222 并提供被对应的用户端光收发模块的光电转换器 221所接收。 而在用户端，相 类似地， 用户端自注入光收发模块 200设有部分反射镜 212 , 由用户端自注入 光收发模块的产生的上行光信号经由信号发送端口 213 , 然后通过部分反射镜 212发送至主干光纤， 进而进入局端自注入光收发模块 100 的信号接收端口 123 , 并由 AWG102解复用到对应分支端口 122并提供被对应的局端光收发模 块的光电转换器 121所接收。
参考图 5, 其为基于本发明自注入光收发模块的 WDM-PON***另一种 实施例的结构示意图。 在本实施例中， 所釆用的 AWG为非波长 0跳 AWG, 设局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注入光收发模块均包括 32个接收机和发 射机， AWG302的信号发送端口 313与 AWG402的信号发送端口 413在罗兰 圓上的位置相对应，且信号接收端口 323与信号发送端口 423在罗兰圓的位置 也相对应。 在一种实施例中， AWG302 的信号接收端口 313和信号发送端口 312相隔 1个通道，且 AWG402的信号接收端口 413和信号发送端口 412也相 隔 1 个通道； 而 AWG302 的第 2 ~ 33 个分支端口在罗兰圓上的位置分别与 AWG402的第 1 ~ 32个分支端口在罗兰圓上的位置——对应， AWG302的第 1 个端口为第 2个端口相邻的上一个端口，第 34个端口为第 33个端口相邻的下 一个端口。 那么， 当局端自注入光收发模块中与 AWG302的第 k(k=l、 2... , 32)个分支端口连接的增益介质发送的下行光信号， 通过用户端光收发模块的 AWG402之后，并不能解复用到 AWG402的第 k个分支端口（即第 k个用户）。 为此， 本实施例可以通过调整局端自注入光收发模块 AWG302的光纤连接， 使局端自注入光收发模块中的第 k个增益介质发射的下行光信号可以进入在 用户端的自注入光收发模块 AWG402的第 k个的分支端口， 即， 由用户端的 自注入光收发模块中第 k个光电转换器接收所述下行光信号，具体光纤连接方 式请参阅图 5。
在实际应用中， AWG302的信号接收端口和信号发送端口之间的通道间隔 可能的值可以为 1、 2或 3等。 在设计局端自注入光收发模块中的增益介质与 AGW302的分支端口连接方式时， 假设 AWG302的信号接收端口和信号发送 端口通道间隔为 m, 此时， 只需要将局端自注入光收发模块中第 k个增益介质 与 AWG302中 k+2m个分支端口连接即可。 为了保证用户端自注入光收发模 块第 k个用户发出的上行光信号能够进入局端第 k个接收机，需要局端自注入 光收发模块的 AWG302的第 m个端口与用户端自注入光收发模块中 AWG402 的第 1个端口在罗兰圓上的位置相对应。
在本实施例中， 通过上述局端光收发模块中增益介质与 AWG302的分支 端口的连接调整后， 用户端光收发模块中 AWG402的分支端口与增益介质一 一对应连接即可， 如图 5所示。
具体的 ,局端自注入光收发模块通过 AWG302的下行光信号发射端口 312 进入主干光纤， 进而进入用户端自注入光收发模块中 AWG402的信号接收端 口 423。 由于在本发明实施例中， 所说釆用的 AWG为非波长 0跳 AWG, 也 就是说， AWG302的信号发送端口与 AWG402信号接收端口的通道不同， 具 体的， 比如， 在本实施例中， 通道间隔为 1 ; 此时， 在 AWG302中第 k+2个 分支端口所发送的下行光信号， 会解复用到用户端自注入光收发模块中 AWG402第 k个分支端口中。因此为了保证本发明实施例中的自注入光收发模 块能够正常工作，还可以进一步将局端自注入光收发模块中第 k个增益介质与 AWG302的第 K+2个分支端口连接； 比如， 局端自注入光收发模块的第 1个 增益介质与 AWG302的第 3个分支端口连接， 第 2个增益介质与 AWG302的 第 4个分支端口连接， 以此类推， 连接其余增益介质和 AWG302的分支端口。 此时，在用户端自注入光收发模块可以使用 32通道的 AWG构成 32个接收机 和发射机； 而在局端自注入光收发模块中， 由于第 32 个增益介质需要与 AWG302的第 34个分支端口连接，所以局端自注入光收发模块的 AWG302需 要至少设有 34个分支端口； 在实际应用中， 可以使用的是 40通道的 AWG。 参考图 6, 在本发明的另一实施例中， WDM-PON***所釆用的 AWG还 可以为波长 0 ϋ AWG。
具体来说， 图 6所示实施例与图 5所对应实施例类似， 其区别在于， 图 6 所示实施例中的自注入光收发模块的 AWG为波长 0跳的 AWG。 设波长 0跳 的 AWG共有 N个分支端口， 由于波长 0跳的 AWG端口具有循环特性， 即第 k个波长和第 k+N个波长会出现在同一个端口， AWG第 N个通道的下一个波 长将会重新出现在第一个通道上， 然后循环下去。
当局端自注入光收发模块与用户端自注入光收发模块均为相同的波长 0 跳的 AWG, 且两个公共端为相邻的两个通道时， 为使得局端自注入光收发模 块中第 1个增益介质提供的下行光信号发送到与 AWG602中第 1个分支端口 所连接的光电转换器中， 可以将局端自注入光收发模块中第 1个增益介质 511 与 AWG502中第 2个分支端口连接。 除局端自注入光收发模块最后一个增益 介质外， 其他的增益介质连接方式与第 1 个增益介质类似， 具体地说， 第 2 个增益介质需要与 AWG502中第 3个分支端口连接， 以此类推； 而局端自注 入光收发模块中最后一个增益介质则需要与 AWG502中第 1个分支端口连接。 这样， 在用户端自注入光收发模块中的光电装换器 621 , 与局端自注入光纤激 光收发器 500的增益介质 511——对应。
局端自注入光收发模块中第 2个光电转换器与 AWG502的第 1个分支端 口连接，从而可以接收用户端自注入光收发模块中第 1个增益介质所发送的上 行光信号； 除局端自注入光收发模块第 1个光电转换器外， 其他的光电转换器 连接方式与第 2 个光电转换器类似， 具体地说， 局端自注入光收发模块第 3 个光电转换器需要与 AWG502中第 2个分支端口连接， 以此类推； 而局端自 注入光收发模块中第 1个光电转换器则需要与 AWG502中最后一个分支端口 连接。 在本发明的另一实施例中，还可以通过将两个不同 3dB带宽的 AWG组合 起来， 以 3dB带宽较窄的 AWG的公共端口为信号发送端口， 以 3dB带宽较 宽的 AWG的公共端口为信号接收端口； 这样， 通过在 3dB带宽较窄的 AWG 的信号发送端口连接上部分反射器， 以及， 将接收信号连接到具有较宽的 3dB 带宽 AWG的信号接收端口上。
具体的， 参考图 7 , 局端自注入光收发模块可以包括 AWG31和 AWG41 , 两个 AWG分别具有不同的 3dB带宽。在用户端自注入光收发模块可以釆用一 个具有两个不同的 3dB带宽的公共端口的 AWG51。 其中， AWG31包括 3dB带宽较窄的信号发送端口 33 , 用于发送下行光信 号； AWG41 包括 3dB带宽较宽的信号接收端口 43 , 用于接收上行光信号。 AWG51包括 3dB带宽较窄的信号发送端口 53和 3dB带宽较宽的信号接收端 口 56。
本发明实施例中，局端自注入光收发模块和用户端的自注入光收发模块的 具体的工作方式为： 局端自注入光收发模块的第 1个增益介质 32通过第 1分 支端口 34将下行光信号沿信号发送端口 33发送至主干光纤， AWG51的信号 接收端口 56在接收下行光信号后， 下行光信号进入与用户端自注入光收发模 块的第 1个分支端口 54中， 从而进入第 1光电转换器 52。
在用户端自注入光收发模块的第 1个增益介质 52通过第 1分支端口 54 将上行光信号沿信号发送端口 53发送至主干光纤， AWG41 的信号接收端口 43在接收下行光信号后， 进入 AWG41的第 1个分支端口 44中， 从而进入第 1光电转换器 42。
此外，在本发明另一种实施例中，局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注入 光收发模块可以均设置为由两个 AWG组成。 具体的， 请参阅图 8 , 局端自注 入光收发模块可以包括 AWG61和 AWG71 , 两个 AWG分别具有不同的 3dB 带宽。 用户端自注入光收发模块可以包括 AWG81和 AWG91 , 两个 AWG分 别具有不同的 3dB带宽。
其中， AWG61包括 3dB带宽较窄的信号发送端口 63 , 用于发送下行光信 号； AWG71 包括 3dB带宽较宽的信号接收端口 73 , 用于接收上行光信号。 AWG81包括 3dB带宽较窄的信号发送端口 83 ，用于发送上行光信号； AWG71 包括 3dB带宽较宽的信号接收端口 93 , 用于接收下行光信号。
本发明实施例中，局端自注入光收发模块和用户端自注入光收发模块的具 体的工作方式为： 局端自注入光收发模块的第 1个增益介质 62通过第 1分支 端口 64将下行光信号沿信号发送端口 63发送至主干光纤， AWG91的信号接 收端口 93在接收下行光信号后， 下行光信号进入与 AWG91的第 1个分支端 口 94中， 从而进入第 1光电转换器 92。 在用户端自注入光收发模块的第 1个增益介质 82通过 AWG81的第 1分 支端口 84将上行光信号沿信号发送端口 83发送至主干光纤， AWG71的信号 接收端口 73在接收下行光信号后， 下行光信号后进入 AWG71的第 1个分支 端口 74中， 从而进入局端自注入光收发模块的第 1光电转换器 72。
在本发明上述所有的实施例中，上行波段及下行波段可以是 AWG相邻的
FSR(Free Spect ral Range, 自由光谱范围）波段， 也可以是不相邻的 FSR波段。
本说明书中各个实施例釆用递进的方式描述，每个实施例重点说明的都是 与其他实施例的不同之处，各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。对于 实施例公开的装置而言， 由于其与实施例公开的方法相对应， 所以描述的比较 简单， 相关之处参见方法部分说明即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明，使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本 发明。 对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见 的， 本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下，在 其它实施例中实现。 因此， 本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例， 而 是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1、 一种自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 包括： 增益介质、 光电转换器、 至少一个阵列波导光栅 AWG和部分反射镜，
其中， 所述至少一个 AWG包括两个公共端口和多个分支端口， 所述两个 公共端口其中一个作为信号发送端口， 另一个作为信号接收端口， 所述信号发 送端口的带宽小于所述信号接收端口；
所述增益介质和所述光电转换器连接至所述 AWG的分支端口，所述 AWG 和所述部分反射镜用于将所述增益介质提供的光信号进行波长自注入锁定，并 通过所述信号发送端口发送； 且所述 AWG还用于将所述信号接收端口接收到 的光信号解复用到对应的分支端口。
2、 根据权利要求 1 中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 还包括环行器或 者波分复用器， 所述 AWG的信号接收端口和信号发送端口分别通过所述环行 器或者波分复用器耦合到主干光纤，且所述部分反射镜连接在所述环行器或者 波分复用器和所述信号发送端口之间。
3、 根据权利要求 1 中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 所述信号发送端 口为高斯型端口， 所述信号接收端口为平坦型端口。
4、 根据权利要求 3中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 所述信号发送端 口的透射峰值与所述 AWG的通道中心波长一致， 所述信号接收端口的透射曲 线为平坦型。
5、 根据权利要求 1 中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 所述信号接收端 口包括马赫曾德干涉仪结构、锥形波导结构或多模耦合器。 所述信号发射端口 包括反锥形导波结构。
6、 根据权利要求 1 中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 所述部分反射镜 包括法拉第旋转部分反射镜。
7、 根据权利要求 1至 6中任一自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 所述至 少一个 AWG包括信号发送 AWG和信号接收 AWG;所述信号接收 AWG的公 共端口作为所述信号接收端口， 所述信号发送 AWG的公共端口作为所述信号 发送端口。
8、 根据权利要求 7中自注入光收发模块， 其特征在于， 还包括周期性滤 波器， 其中所述周期性滤波器连接在所述信号发送 AWG的公共端口， 用于减 小所述信号发送 AWG的公共端口的带宽， 以使其小于所述信号接收 AWG的 公共端口的带宽。
9、 一种波分复用无源光网络***， 其特征在于， 包括局端自注入光收发 模块和用户端自注入光收发模块， 其中， 所述局端自注入光收发模块和所述用 户端自注入光收发模块包括如权利要求 1至 8中任一自注入光收发模块。
10、 一种波分复用无源光网络***， 其特征在于， 包括位于局端的光线路 终端和位于用户端的多个光网络单元，所述光线路终端通过光纤连接到所述多 个光网络单元；
所述光线路终端包括多个局端自注入光收发模块，其中所述多个局端自注 入光收发模块共享局端的波导阵列光栅 AWG, 所述局端 AWG包括两个公共 端口和多个分支端口， 每个局端自注入光收发模块分别对应连接到所述局端 AWG的其中一个分支端口， 所述局端 AWG的其中一个公共端口作为局端信 号发送端口， 另一个作为局端信号接收端口，且所述局端信号发送端口的带宽 小于所述局端信号接收端口。
11、 如权利要求 10所述的波分复用无源光网络***， 其特征在于， 每个 局端自注入光收发模块包括增益介质、部分反射镜和光电转换器， 所述增益介 质和所述光电转换器连接至所述局端 AWG的分支端口， 所述局端 AWG和所 述部分反射镜用于将所述增益介质提供的光信号进行波长自注入锁定，并通过 所述信号发送端口将所述光信号发送给对应的光网络单元； 且所述局端 AWG 还用于将所述信号接收端口接收到的光信号解复用到对应的分支端口。
12、 如权利要求 10或 11所述的波分复用无源光网络***， 其特征在于， 每个光网络单元具有用户端自注入光收发模块，其中所述用户端自注入光收发 模块共享用户端的 AWG, 所述用户端 AWG包括两个公共端口和多个分支端 口，每个用户端自注入光收发模块分别对应连接到所述用户端 AWG的其中一 个分支端口 ,所述用户端 AWG的其中一个公共端口作为用户端信号发送端口 , 另一个作为用户端信号接收端口，且所述用户端信号发送端口的带宽小于所述 用户端信号接收端口。
PCT/CN2011/073196 2011-04-22 2011-04-22 自注入光收发模块和波分复用无源光网络*** WO2011110126A2 (zh)

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WO2011110126A3 (zh) 2012-03-08
EP2482472A4 (en) 2012-11-21

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