WO2009154121A1 - エラストマー組成物および該エラストマー組成物を用いたタイヤ - Google Patents
エラストマー組成物および該エラストマー組成物を用いたタイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2009154121A1 WO2009154121A1 PCT/JP2009/060631 JP2009060631W WO2009154121A1 WO 2009154121 A1 WO2009154121 A1 WO 2009154121A1 JP 2009060631 W JP2009060631 W JP 2009060631W WO 2009154121 A1 WO2009154121 A1 WO 2009154121A1
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- elastomer composition
- residue
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- elastomer
- short fibers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
- B60C1/0016—Compositions of the tread
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C1/00—Tyres characterised by the chemical composition or the physical arrangement or mixture of the composition
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C11/00—Tyre tread bands; Tread patterns; Anti-skid inserts
- B60C11/14—Anti-skid inserts, e.g. vulcanised into the tread band
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L21/00—Compositions of unspecified rubbers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L5/00—Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
- C08L5/14—Hemicellulose; Derivatives thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
- C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an elastomer composition in which the amount of the elastomer component used is reduced and a tire using the elastomer composition.
- An elastomer composition such as a rubber composition used for a tire or the like contains a large amount of an elastomer component (such as rubber) as a raw material.
- an elastomer component such as rubber
- 50 mass of the rubber composition. % Or more is composed of a rubber component containing natural rubber and synthetic rubber. Therefore, these rubber compositions and tires using the rubber compositions are affected by rising crude oil prices, rubber failure due to bad weather, etc., resulting in increased raw material costs and a difficult supply of stable products. There is a risk of becoming.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-63206 describes so-called eco-tires in which 75% by weight or more of the total weight is made of raw materials made of resources other than petroleum. ing.
- the elastomer composition and tire according to the above prior art can reduce the amount of petroleum resources used, the manufacturing process becomes complicated and the unit price of alternative raw materials for petroleum resources is high, so the manufacturing cost is not necessarily reduced. could not.
- the elastomer composition of the present invention is characterized in that a residue produced in an organic fermentation process is blended with an elastomer component.
- the residue which remains after utilizing resources such as the residue which arises in the fermentation process of organic substance, is mix
- blended blended, the usage-amount of the elastomer component in an elastomer composition can be reduced.
- the residue produced in the fermentation process of organic matter is an inexpensive residue, it is suitable as an alternative raw material. Therefore, an elastomer composition with low cost and low environmental load can be provided by blending the residue into the elastomer composition.
- the fermentation of organic matter means that the organic matter is decomposed by the action of microorganisms, and includes both anaerobic fermentation and aerobic fermentation, and also includes decomposition of carbohydrates and the like.
- the organic material is preferably biomass.
- raw_food is used, the environmental load at the time of elastomer composition manufacture can be reduced more.
- the fermentation treatment is preferably an anaerobic fermentation treatment using anaerobic microorganisms. It is because the usage-amount of petroleum-derived elastomers, such as a synthetic rubber, can be reduced if the residue after anaerobic fermentation processing is mix
- the anaerobic fermentation treatment is preferably a methane fermentation treatment, an ethanol fermentation treatment, a hydrogen fermentation treatment, or a combination thereof.
- the fermentation treatment is preferably an aerobic fermentation treatment utilizing an aerobic microorganism. It is because the deodorizing process at the time of a mixing
- blending can be made unnecessary if the residue after an aerobic fermentation process with few odors is used.
- the elastomer composition of the present invention preferably has a residue diameter of 0.02 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
- the lump diameter is 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 mm. preferable. This is because in order to make the diameter of the residue smaller than 0.02 ⁇ m, work such as crushing of the cell wall using a pulverizer is required, and fine residue is difficult to handle. Further, when the diameter is 200 ⁇ m or the lump diameter is larger than 2 mm, the dispersibility in the elastomer component is deteriorated and becomes a foreign substance, which causes a decrease in physical properties such as elongation at break.
- the diameter and the lump diameter are determined by particle size measurement by laser diffraction (JISZ8825-1).
- the average of the major axis and the minor axis (such as a sphere) such as residue is measured. Is the value obtained.
- the residue is a residue containing a cell wall of the fermenting bacterium, which is generated in a fermentation treatment of an organic substance using the fermenting bacterium.
- Residue such as surplus sludge generated during fermentation treatment is inexpensive because it is a waste that is present in large quantities and has low availability, and does not require complicated processes or large processing energy for blending, so it is an elastomer component. It is because it is suitable as an alternative raw material (a filler for the elastomer composition).
- the main component of the residue is preferably peptidoglycan. If a residue composed mainly of peptidoglycan, which has little influence on the elastomer composition when blended with the elastomer component, can be used, the amount of the elastomer component can be reduced without degrading the performance of the elastomer composition. is there.
- the main component of the residue refers to a main component constituting the residue, for example, a component constituting 50% by mass or more of the residue.
- the elastomer composition of the present invention is preferably blended into the elastomer component after the residue is smoked or carbonized.
- soot treatment refers to dripping residue with smoke generated when wood is heated. This is because by performing the soot treatment, the residue can be blended with the elastomer component in a state where desulfurization (deodorization) and sterilized handling are easy.
- Carbonization refers to carbonizing the residue at a temperature of about 800 ° C. using a charcoal furnace.
- the residue preferably has a diameter of 0.02 to 50 ⁇ m. Residues having a diameter of less than 0.02 ⁇ m are difficult to handle, and residues having a diameter of more than 50 ⁇ m have poor dispersibility in the elastomer component.
- the diameter is obtained by measuring the particle diameter by laser diffraction (JISZ 8825-1), and is obtained by measuring the average of the major axis and the minor axis of the residue (taken as a sphere) in the laser diffraction method. It is.
- the residue is produced by fermentation treatment of an organic substance containing at least one of a plant cell wall and a short fiber in which the plant cell wall is connected. At least one of the plant cell wall and the short fiber is produced. It is preferable that the residue contains. Residues containing at least one of plant cell walls and short fibers are inexpensive and can reduce the amount of waste by being blended into the elastomer composition, so an alternative raw material for the elastomer component (e.g., an extender for the elastomer composition) This is because it is suitable.
- an alternative raw material for the elastomer component e.g., an extender for the elastomer composition
- the residue is preferably composed of at least one of cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles which are main components of the cell wall of the plant.
- cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are suitable for alternative materials in that they have good dispersibility and do not adversely affect the performance of the elastomer composition.
- Another reason is that the amount of petroleum-derived elastomer used can be reduced.
- the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles function as micro drainage grooves.
- an elastomer composition containing at least one of cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles is used in, for example, a studless tire, the performance (such as performance on ice) of the studless tire can be improved.
- the diameters of the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are preferably 0.02 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. This is because handling is difficult when the diameter is less than 0.02 ⁇ m, and dispersibility in the elastomer component is poor when the diameter is greater than 50 ⁇ m.
- the diameter is obtained by measuring the particle diameter by laser diffraction (JISZ 8825-1), and is a value obtained by measuring the average of the major axis and the minor axis (taken as a sphere) of the particle by the laser diffraction method. It is. Further, when the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are aggregated to form a lump, the diameter of the lump is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 mm from the viewpoint of handleability and dispersibility.
- the residue is preferably composed of the short fibers, and the short fibers are preferably composed of at least one of cellulose short fibers and hemicellulose short fibers.
- cellulose or hemicellulose fibers can also function as a fiber reinforcing material of the elastomer composition, and are therefore suitable as an alternative material.
- the diameter of the short fiber is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and the length of the short fiber is preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm. This is because the dispersibility is poor when the diameter is large and the length is long, and the reinforcing effect is low when the diameter is small and the length is short.
- the residue contains at least one of cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles which are main components of the cell wall of the plant and short fibers in which the cell wall of the plant is continuous.
- the particles are attached to the short fibers, and the accompanying particles cause fine irregularities on the surface of the short fibers and the like, thereby strengthening the physical adhesion with the elastomer component.
- those having an aspect ratio of 1 to 5 are called particles, and those having an aspect ratio of 6 to 50 are called short fibers.
- the fermentation treatment is a treatment using at least one of Aspergillus or yeast, and the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are accompanied by at least one cell wall of Aspergillus or yeast. Is preferred.
- the fermentation treatment is a treatment using at least one of Aspergillus or yeast, and the short fiber is accompanied by at least one cell wall of Aspergillus or yeast. preferable. This is because when the cell wall of at least one of koji molds and yeasts is attached, fine irregularities are generated on the surface of short fibers and the like due to the accompanying koji molds and yeasts, and physical adhesion with the elastomer component is strengthened. .
- the amount of the residue is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer component. It is because the elastomer composition which can fully achieve reduction of the environmental load which is the objective of this invention can be provided by the compounding quantity of a residue being 1 mass part or more. Moreover, it is because the elastomer composition which has a performance equivalent to the elastomer composition which does not use an alternative raw material can be provided because the compounding quantity of a residue shall be 50 mass parts or less.
- the tire of the present invention is characterized in that at least a part thereof is composed of the elastomer composition.
- the portion composed only of an elastomer composition such as a rubber composition is composed of an elastomer composition containing a residue produced in the fermentation treatment of organic matter, so that the elastomer component is maintained while maintaining the performance as a tire. Can reduce the environmental load.
- the present invention it is possible to provide an environment-friendly elastomer composition that can be manufactured at low cost without using a complicated manufacturing process. Moreover, the tire with the low environmental load at the time of manufacture using the said elastomer composition can be provided.
- the elastomer composition according to the present invention is characterized in that the amount of the elastomer component used is reduced by blending and kneading the residue generated in the fermentation process of the organic matter with the elastomer component.
- the elastomer component is composed of a rubber component (natural rubber, synthetic rubber), a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermosetting elastomer, or a combination thereof.
- the synthetic rubber includes styrene-butadiene copolymer. Examples include coalesced rubber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber (BR), polyisoprene rubber (IR), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), and butyl rubber (IIR).
- thermoplastic elastomers examples include ethylene-methyl acrylate copolymers, styrene elastomers, urethane elastomers, and polyolefin elastomers.
- Thermosetting elastomers include phenol elastomers, urea elastomers, and melamine elastomers.
- epoxy elastomers examples include epoxy elastomers.
- the elastomer composition of the present invention is optionally added to reinforcing fillers such as carbon black and silica, softeners such as aroma oil, vulcanization accelerators, vulcanization accelerators, anti-aging agents, etc. Additive may be included.
- organic substances to be fermented include paper, livestock excrement, food waste, shochu (eg, shochu shochu, rice shochu, wheat shochu), construction-generated wood, black liquor, excess sludge (eg, Waste biomass such as sewage sludge, sewage sludge, methane fermentation sludge), unused biomass such as rice straw, straw, rice husks, forest land residues (thinned wood, damaged trees, etc.), feed crops, fruits (for example, Resource crop biomass such as grapes, apples, cherries, palm fruits), cereals (eg, rice, wheat, corn), root vegetables (eg, potatoes, sweet potatoes), starch-based crops (eg, sugar cane), and caudate
- biomass which is an organic resource derived from renewable organisms, including sea squirt cover. If such biomass is used, the environmental load at the time of elastomer composition manufacture can be reduced more.
- waste biomass which is an organic resource derived from renewable organisms, including sea squirt cover
- the organic substance containing at least one of the plant cell wall and the short fibers connected to the plant cell wall includes fruits, cereals, root vegetables, sugarcane and other resource crop biomass, tail cords, for example.
- waste biomass such as straw shochu, rice shochu, and wheat shochu
- unused biomass such as rice straw and wheat straw can be mentioned.
- an organic substance containing at least one of a plant cell wall and a short fiber connected with the plant cell wall among these, from the viewpoint of availability and reusability as a resource, among them, shochu shochu, rice Shochu and wheat shochu are preferred.
- the raw materials of shochu shochu, rice shochu, and wheat shochu are crushed in the shochu manufacturing process (for example, in the manufacture of shochu shochu, sweet potato crushed by secondary charging is added), so the cellulose short in the shochu It is also preferable in that the fibers are sufficiently fine.
- the surplus sludge used for the fermenting treatment is an iron-based flocculant.
- sludge containing no aluminum compound as a flocculant is preferable, and surplus sludge not containing a flocculant such as granules self-granulated by microorganisms is more preferable.
- fermentation treatment using anaerobic microorganisms for example, methane fermentation using methanogens, ethanol fermentation using ethanol fermenters, hydrogen fermentation using hydrogen producers, etc.
- examples of fermentation treatment using aerobic microorganisms include acetic acid fermentation using acetic acid-producing bacteria, and wastewater treatment using various oxidizing bacteria such as ammonia oxidizing bacteria.
- blended with an elastomer component for example, surplus sludge produced when performing biological treatment (fermentation) of organic matter under aerobic or anaerobic conditions (not decomposed in the fermentation treatment), various shochus Residues after fermentation treatment such as koji can be used.
- surplus sludge is used as residue, from the viewpoint of reducing the weight of the elastomer composition and preventing adverse effects on the elastomer composition due to the metal content, sludge containing no iron-based flocculant, such as an aluminum compound, is used as the flocculant.
- the sludge used is preferred, and the sludge containing no flocculant is more preferred.
- the residue can be blended in the elastomer component after removing hydrogen sulfide using, for example, smoke treatment or carbonization treatment.
- the soot treatment means that the residue is smoked with the smoke generated when the wood is heated
- the carbonization treatment means that the residue is carbonized at a high temperature of about 800 ° C.
- residue that can be blended in the elastomer composition of the present invention include a residue containing a cell wall of the fermenting bacterium, a plant cell wall, and a cell wall of the plant that are produced in a fermentation treatment of an organic substance using a fermenting bacterium.
- residues include a residue containing at least one of the cell wall of the plant and the short fiber, which is produced in the fermentation treatment of the organic substance containing at least one of the continuous short fibers.
- peptidoglycan contained in cell walls such as fermenting bacteria, cellulose particles contained in plant cell walls, hemicellulose particles, lignin, short fibers connected with plant cell walls (cellulose short fibers, hemicellulose short fibers, etc.), or Residues containing mixtures thereof are mentioned.
- the residue preferably contains at least one of cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles alone. Further, it is more preferable that at least one of cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles and short fibers are included.
- the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles can function as micro drainage grooves, so that when the elastomer composition is used, for example, in a studless tire This is because the performance (such as performance on ice) of the studless tire can be improved.
- the residue preferably contains at least one of peptidoglycan, cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles, and at least one of cellulose short fibers and hemicellulose short fibers.
- cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles and short cellulose fibers and short hemicellulose fibers can be isolated from a mixture thereof, for example, by washing away the particles.
- the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are preferably accompanied by at least one cell wall of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and yeast. Furthermore, it is preferable that at least one cell wall of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and yeast is also attached to the short fiber. This is because when the cell wall of at least one of koji molds or yeasts is attached, fine irregularities are generated on the surface of short fibers or the like by the accompanying koji molds and yeasts, and physical adhesion with the elastomer component is strengthened. .
- Cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles are the main components of plant cell walls and have an aspect ratio of 1 to 5.
- the short cellulose fiber and the short hemicellulose fiber are those in which cell walls of plants are connected and have an aspect ratio of 6 to 50.
- the residue to be blended with the elastomer component is preferably 0.02 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m in diameter from the viewpoints of handleability and dispersibility. This is because, in order to reduce the diameter of the residue to less than 0.02 ⁇ m, operations such as crushing the cell wall using a pulverizer are required, and fine residue is difficult to handle. In addition, when the diameter exceeds 200 ⁇ m, the dispersibility in the elastomer component becomes poor, and it becomes a foreign substance, resulting in a decrease in physical properties such as elongation at break.
- the residue containing the cell walls of the fermenting bacteria produced in the fermentation treatment of organic matter using the fermenting bacteria preferably has a diameter of 0.02 to 50 ⁇ m, and the cellulose particles and hemicellulose particles have a diameter of 0.02 ⁇ m. It is preferably ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
- the lump diameter is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 mm. This is because when the lump diameter is larger than 2 mm, the dispersibility in the elastomer component is poor.
- the diameter of the short fiber is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, and the length of the short fiber is preferably 0.3 mm to 5 mm.
- the dispersibility is poor when the diameter is large and the length is long, and the reinforcing effect on the elastomer composition and the drainage effect of the elastomer composition are low when the diameter is small and the length is short. Furthermore, it is preferable that 2 to 10 short fibers are assembled into a bundle. This is because the reinforcing effect on the elastomer composition and the drainage effect of the elastomer composition are increased by forming the bundle, but the dispersibility is deteriorated when the number of fibers gathered is too large.
- the elastomer composition of the present invention is not particularly limited except that an elastomer component is blended with a residue generated in an organic fermentation process, and can be produced, for example, as follows.
- an elastomer component is blended with a residue generated in an organic fermentation process
- limiting in particular in the preparation method of the elastomer composition of this invention For example, the residue and the various compounding agents selected suitably as needed are kneaded into an elastomer component using a Banbury mixer, a roll, etc. Can be prepared.
- the blending amount of the residue is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the elastomer component. It is possible to sufficiently reduce the environmental burden by setting the blending amount of the residue to 1 part by mass or more, and an elastomer composition that does not use an alternative raw material by setting the blending amount of the residue to 50 parts by mass or less. This is because it is possible to provide an elastomer composition having performance equivalent to that of a product.
- the tire of the present invention is characterized in that at least a part thereof is composed of the above-mentioned elastomer composition, and other than that, it can be manufactured using the same manufacturing method as that of a normal tire.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an example of the tire of the present invention.
- the tire shown in FIG. 1 has a pair of bead portions 1, a pair of sidewall portions 2, and a tread portion 3 connected to both sidewall portions 2, and extends in a toroid shape between the pair of bead portions 1.
- the carcass 4 that reinforces the parts 1, 2, and 3 and the belt 5 that is located on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the crown portion of the carcass 4 are provided.
- the carcass 4 is composed of a single carcass ply, and a main body portion extending in a toroidal shape between a pair of bead cores (wires) 6 respectively disposed in the bead portion 1;
- the bead core 6 Around the bead core 6, it consists of a folded portion wound up radially outward from the inside in the tire width direction toward the outside.
- the carcass 4 is composed of one carcass ply.
- a plurality of carcass plies may be provided.
- the belt 5 is composed of two belt layers.
- the number of belt layers constituting the belt may be one or more, and is not limited thereto. Absent.
- the tire of the present invention may further include a belt reinforcing layer made of a rubberized layer of cords arranged substantially parallel to the tire circumferential direction on the outer side in the tire radial direction of the belt 5. Further, an interlayer rubber can be provided between the belt reinforcing layer and the belt reinforcing layer.
- the tire of the illustrated example uses an elastomer composition in which the above-mentioned cellulose short fibers are blended at least in the tread portion 3.
- an elastomer composition containing cellulose short fibers in the tread portion 3 it is possible to provide a tire capable of improving running stability, wet performance, and ice / snow performance due to the interaction between the cellulose short fibers and the road surface. .
- examples of the member using the elastomer composition include a tread rubber, a side rubber, a bead filler or a stiffener located outside the bead wire in the radial direction, a coating rubber for a carcass and a belt, and the like.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen, argon, helium, etc. can be used in addition to air having normal or oxygen partial pressure adjusted.
- Example 1 Using a Banbury mixer, a rubber composition as an elastomer composition was prepared according to the formulation shown in Table 1, and a known vulcanizing agent or the like (sulfur: 1.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component) Sulfur accelerator: 2.9 parts by mass [CZ (N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide): 1.5 parts by mass, DPG (diphenylguanidine): 1.2 parts by mass, DM (dibenzothiazyl disulfide) ): 0.2 parts by mass], ZnO: 2.0 parts by mass, stearic acid: 1.0 parts by mass, anti-aging agent 6C: 1.0 part by mass) The performance was measured and evaluated by this method.
- Sulfur accelerator 2.9 parts by mass
- CZ N-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazylsulfenamide
- DPG diphenylguanidine
- DM dibenzothiazyl disul
- the results are shown in Tables 2-4.
- SS curve For the vulcanized rubber obtained by vulcanizing the rubber compositions prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Conventional Example 1 at 160 ° C. for 15 minutes, tensile stress and elongation at break were measured in both the orientation direction and the vertical direction. A tensile stress-strain curve (SS curve) was prepared. Specifically, using a tensile tester manufactured by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., tensile stress was measured under the conditions of a temperature of ⁇ 45 to 62 ° C. and a frequency of 52.1 Hz, and a strograph made by Toyo Seiki Seisakusho Co., Ltd. was used.
- the elongation at break was measured under the conditions of a temperature of 25 ° C. and a tensile speed of 100 mm / min.
- Table 2 shows the relationship between elongation and stress, tensile strength (T B ), and elongation at break (E B ).
- the orientation direction refers to the orientation direction of the soot residue
- the vertical direction refers to the direction perpendicular to the orientation direction.
- the rubber composition which is an elastomer composition containing 0.5 to 4.4% by mass of the soot residue from Examples 1 to 3 and Conventional Example 1 in Tables 2 to 4, does not contain soot residue. It can be seen that the rubber composition has the same SS curve, dynamic elastic modulus, and loss tangent. Therefore, it turns out that the usage-amount of an elastomer component can be suppressed by mix
- Examples 4 to 10 The same smoking residue as that used in Examples 1 to 3 was blended into an olefin-based thermoplastic elastomer (Mitsui Chemicals, Miralastomer 4400B) in the blending amounts shown in Table 5 to form pellets. And the pellet was extruded and the sample for a tensile test was produced. About the produced sample, the breaking stress was measured with the tensile tester by Toyo Seiki Seisakusyo Co., Ltd., and the obtained measurement value was evaluated by an index with the breaking stress of Conventional Example 2 as 100%. The results are shown in Table 5. The blending amount of the soot residue was calculated according to the calculation formula of “the soot residue content of the rubber composition”.
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Abstract
Description
以下に、本発明のエラストマー組成物を詳細に説明する。本発明に従うエラストマー組成物は、エラストマー成分に、有機物の発酵処理において生じる残滓を配合して混練することで、エラストマー成分の使用量を低減したことを特徴とする。
まず、食品廃棄物をメタン発酵した後に残った残滓を、例えば温度800℃で燻煙処理することにより、残滓中の菌体を殺菌すると共に硫化水素を除去する。
次に、燻煙処理後の残滓を、任意の充填剤(カーボンブラック等)および添加剤とともにエラストマー成分に配合して混練する。
まず、食品廃棄物をメタン発酵した後に残った残滓を、例えば温度800℃で炭化処理することにより、残滓中の菌体を殺菌すると共に硫化水素を除去する。
次に、炭化処理後の残滓を、任意の充填剤(カーボンブラック等)および添加剤とともにエラストマー成分に配合して混練する。
まず、残滓を乾燥し、必要に応じて乾燥した残滓から上述の方法でセルロース粒子若しくはヘミセルロース粒子、またはセルロース短繊維若しくはヘミセルロース短繊維を取り出す。
次に、乾燥した残滓、セルロース粒子若しくはヘミセルロース粒子、またはセルロース短繊維若しくはヘミセルロース短繊維を、任意の充填剤(カーボンブラック等)および添加剤とともにエラストマー成分に配合して混練する。
本発明のタイヤは、少なくとも一部を上記エラストマー組成物で構成したことを特徴とし、それ以外は通常のタイヤと同様の製造方法を用いて製造することができる。
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。
バンバリーミキサーを用いて、表1に示す配合処方でエラストマー組成物としてのゴム組成物を調製し、既知の加硫剤等(ゴム成分100質量部に対して、硫黄:1.5質量部、加硫促進剤:2.9質量部[CZ(N-シクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアジルスルフェンアミド):1.5質量部、DPG(ジフェニルグアニジン):1.2質量部、DM(ジベンゾチアジルジスルフィド):0.2質量部]、ZnO:2.0質量部、ステアリン酸:1.0質量部、老化防止剤6C:1.0質量部)を配合して通常の方法で加硫した後に以下の方法で性能を測定、評価した。結果を表2~4に示す。なお、表中における「ゴム組成物の燻煙残滓含有率」は、下記式:
燻煙残滓含有率=燻煙残滓配合量/(ゴム成分配合量+カーボンブラック配合量+燻煙残滓配合量)×100
に基づき算出し、配合量の少ない成分(加硫剤等)は無視した。
バンバリーミキサーを用いて、表1に示す配合処方でエラストマー組成物としてのゴム組成物を調製し、既知の加硫剤等(ゴム成分100質量部に対して、硫黄:1.5質量部、加硫促進剤:2.9質量部[CZ:1.5質量部、DPG:1.2質量部、DM:0.2質量部]、ZnO:2.0質量部、ステアリン酸:1.0質量部、老化防止剤6C:1.0質量部)を配合して通常の方法で加硫した後に以下の方法で性能を測定、評価した。結果を表2~4に示す。
(S-S曲線)
実施例1~3および従来例1で作製したゴム組成物を160℃で15分加硫して得た加硫ゴムに対し、配向方向および垂直方向の双方について、引張応力および破断伸びを測定し、引張応力-歪み曲線(S-S曲線)を作成した。具体的には、株式会社東洋精機製作所製の引張試験機を用いて、温度-45~62℃、周波数52.1Hzの条件で引張応力を測定し、株式会社東洋精機製作所製のストログラフを用いて、温度25℃、引張速度100mm/minの条件で破断伸びを測定した。伸びと応力との関係、引張強さ(TB)、および破断伸び(EB)を表2に示す。なお、ここで、配向方向とは燻煙残滓の配向方向を指し、垂直方向とは配向方向に垂直な方向を指す。
実施例1~3および従来例1で作製したゴム組成物を160℃で15分加硫して得た加硫ゴムに対し、配向方向および垂直方向の双方について、株式会社上島製作所製の粘弾性測定装置を用いて、温度25℃、周波数52.1Hz、歪0.09~5%の条件で動的弾性率(E')および損失正接(tanδ)を測定した。動的弾性率(E')および損失弾性率(E'')を表3に、損失正接(tanδ)を表4に示す。
*2 旭カーボン株式会社製、N110
*3 メタン発酵菌(ペプチドグリカン含有率90%)含有汚泥(直径0.5~200μm)を燻煙炭化処理(処理温度800℃)したもの
オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(三井化学製、ミラストマー 4400B)のペレットを押出して引張試験用の試料を作製した。作製した試料につき、株式会社東洋精機製作所製の引張試験機で破断応力を測定した。
オレフィン系熱可塑性エラストマー(三井化学製、ミラストマー 4400B)に、実施例1~3で用いたのと同じ燻煙残滓を表5に示す配合量で配合し、ペレットとした。そして、該ペレットを押出して引張試験用の試料を作製した。作製した試料につき、株式会社東洋精機製作所製の引張試験機で破断応力を測定し、得られた測定値につき、従来例2の破断応力を100%として指数で評価した。結果を表5に示す。なお、燻煙残滓の配合量は、上記「ゴム組成物の燻煙残滓含有率」の算出式に準拠して算出した。
バンバリーミキサーを用いて、表6に示す配合処方で芋焼酎粕を含むゴム組成物を調製し、既知の加硫剤等(ゴム成分100質量部に対して、硫黄:1.5質量部、加硫促進剤:2.9質量部[CZ:1.5質量部、DPG:1.2質量部、DM:0.2質量部]、ZnO:2.0質量部、ステアリン酸:1.0質量部、老化防止剤6C:1.0質量部)を配合して通常の方法で加硫した後に以下の方法で氷上μを測定、評価した。結果を表6に示す。なお、表中における「ゴム組成物中の芋焼酎粕含有率」は、上記「ゴム組成物の燻煙残滓含有率」の算出式中の「燻煙残滓配合量」を「芋焼酎粕配合量」に変更した算出式を用いて算出した。
バンバリーミキサーを用いて、表6に示す配合処方で芋焼酎粕を含まないゴム組成物を調製し、既知の加硫剤等(ゴム成分100質量部に対して、硫黄:1.5質量部、加硫促進剤:2.9質量部[CZ:1.5質量部、DPG:1.2質量部、DM:0.2質量部]、ZnO:2.0質量部、ステアリン酸:1.0質量部、老化防止剤6C:1.0質量部)を配合して通常の方法で加硫した後に以下の方法で氷上μを測定、評価した。結果を表6に示す。
実施例11~13および従来例3で作製したゴム組成物を145℃で33分加硫して得た加硫ゴムに対し、路面摩擦試験機(実開平5-66545号に開示)を用いて、氷上路面上における摩擦力を温度0℃にて測定し、従来例3の値を100として、指数表示した。数値の大きい方が、制動性能が良いと評価する。
*5 旭カーボン株式会社製、N110
*6 芋麹:米麹=4:1の割合で発酵処理を行い製造した芋焼酎の粕、含水率50%、粕中の固形分の組成は芋短繊維:芋細胞壁=1:4
Claims (23)
- エラストマー成分に対して有機物の発酵処理において生じる残滓を配合した、エラストマー組成物。
- 前記有機物がバイオマスである、請求項1に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記発酵処理が嫌気性微生物を利用した嫌気性発酵処理であり、
当該嫌気性発酵処理において生じる残滓を、燻煙処理した後に配合した、請求項1に記載のエラストマー組成物。 - 前記発酵処理が好気性微生物を利用した好気性発酵処理である、請求項1に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記嫌気性発酵処理が、メタン発酵処理、エタノール発酵処理、若しくは水素発酵処理、またはそれらの組み合わせである、請求項3に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓の直径が0.02μm~200μmである、請求項1に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓が、発酵菌を用いた有機物の発酵処理において生じる、該発酵菌の細胞壁を含有する残滓である、請求項1または2に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓の主成分がペプチドグリカンである、請求項7に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓を燻煙処理または炭化処理した後に前記エラストマー成分に配合する、請求項7または8に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓の直径が0.02~50μmである、請求項7または8に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓が、植物の細胞壁および該植物の細胞壁が連なった短繊維の少なくとも一方を含有する有機物の発酵処理において生じる、該植物の細胞壁および短繊維の少なくとも一方を含有する残滓である、請求項1または2に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓が、前記植物の細胞壁の主成分であるセルロース粒子およびヘミセルロース粒子の少なくとも一方からなる、請求項11に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓が、前記短繊維からなり、
該短繊維は、セルロース短繊維およびヘミセルロース短繊維の少なくとも一方からなる、請求項11に記載のエラストマー組成物。 - 前記セルロース粒子およびヘミセルロース粒子の直径が0.02μm~50μmである、請求項12に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記セルロース粒子およびヘミセルロース粒子は凝集して塊状となっており、
該塊の直径が0.5μm~2mmである、請求項12に記載のエラストマー組成物。 - 前記残滓が、前記植物の細胞壁の主成分であるセルロース粒子およびヘミセルロース粒子の少なくとも一方と、前記植物の細胞壁が連なった短繊維とを含む、請求項11に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記発酵処理が麹菌および酵母菌の少なくとも一方を用いた処理であって、
前記セルロース粒子およびヘミセルロース粒子には、麹菌および酵母菌の少なくとも一方の細胞壁が付随している、請求項12に記載のエラストマー組成物。 - 前記発酵処理が麹菌および酵母菌の少なくとも一方を用いた処理であって、
前記短繊維には、麹菌および酵母菌の少なくとも一方の細胞壁が付随している、請求項11または13に記載のエラストマー組成物。 - 前記短繊維の直径が1μm~150μmである、請求項11または13に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記短繊維の長さが0.3mm~5mmである、請求項11または13に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記短繊維が、2~10本集合して束状となっている、請求項11または13に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 前記残滓の配合量が、前記エラストマー成分100質量部に対して1~50質量部である、請求項1、7または11に記載のエラストマー組成物。
- 少なくとも一部を請求項1~22の何れかに記載のエラストマー組成物で構成した、タイヤ。
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US9273195B2 (en) * | 2010-06-29 | 2016-03-01 | Eastman Chemical Company | Tires comprising cellulose ester/elastomer compositions |
US20110319530A1 (en) | 2010-06-29 | 2011-12-29 | Eastman Chemical Company | Processes for making cellulose estate/elastomer compositions |
US9708475B2 (en) | 2011-12-07 | 2017-07-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Cellulose esters in highly-filled elastomeric systems |
JP5981359B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-25 | 2016-08-31 | 住友ゴム工業株式会社 | ゴム組成物及び空気入りタイヤ |
US20160122515A1 (en) * | 2014-10-31 | 2016-05-05 | Api Intellectual Property Holdings, Llc | Automotive tires containing hydrophobic nanocellulose |
CN104558710B (zh) * | 2015-01-23 | 2016-06-29 | 银川博聚工业产品设计有限公司 | 一种用于轮胎三角胶的橡胶材料的制备方法 |
DE102016201801A1 (de) | 2015-11-21 | 2017-05-24 | Suncoal Industries Gmbh | Partikelförmiges Kohlenstoffmaterial herstellbar aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung |
US10077343B2 (en) | 2016-01-21 | 2018-09-18 | Eastman Chemical Company | Process to produce elastomeric compositions comprising cellulose ester additives |
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