WO2009100671A1 - 一种维护路由信息的方法及装置 - Google Patents

一种维护路由信息的方法及装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2009100671A1
WO2009100671A1 PCT/CN2009/070328 CN2009070328W WO2009100671A1 WO 2009100671 A1 WO2009100671 A1 WO 2009100671A1 CN 2009070328 W CN2009070328 W CN 2009070328W WO 2009100671 A1 WO2009100671 A1 WO 2009100671A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
node
routing
information
super maintenance
super
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2009/070328
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Guangyu Shi
Jian Chen
Hao Gong
Original Assignee
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. filed Critical Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Priority to EP09710044.0A priority Critical patent/EP2230802B1/en
Priority to ES09710044.0T priority patent/ES2523615T3/es
Publication of WO2009100671A1 publication Critical patent/WO2009100671A1/zh
Priority to US12/834,239 priority patent/US8732298B2/en

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02Topology update or discovery
    • H04L45/04Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1044Group management mechanisms 
    • H04L67/1051Group master selection mechanisms
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01Protocols
    • H04L67/10Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1087Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using cross-functional networking aspects
    • H04L67/1093Some peer nodes performing special functions

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) technology, and in particular, to a method and an apparatus for maintaining routing information.
  • P2P Peer-to-Peer
  • the P2P network is a self-organizing network system, the behavior of each node joining or withdrawing from the network is random. Therefore, when a node joins or quits the system, the system needs to update the routing information maintained by each node by using the update mechanism, so that the routing relationship can be restored in time, so that the query can be performed reliably.
  • the prior art is generally based on a broadcast mechanism.
  • a node in a P2P system joins or fails, the system sends a broadcast message to notify all nodes in the network to update the routing information.
  • This mechanism is simple, the disadvantages are also very obvious.
  • the bandwidth requirement is 4 ⁇ .
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method and a device for maintaining routing information, so as to reduce the overhead incurred in maintaining the routing process.
  • the method of dichotomy is used to form at least one cluster for the nodes;
  • one or more nodes are selected as super maintenance nodes.
  • a detecting unit configured to obtain a routing path between nodes in the system and delay information between routers through which the data packet passes; and delay information between the information and the router, using a method of binary clustering to form at least a node a cluster
  • a selecting unit configured to select one or more nodes as a super maintenance node from the cluster formed by dividing the node by the computing unit.
  • a method for maintaining routing information includes: a super maintenance node obtains routing update information of a common node in an area; the super maintenance node sends the routing update information to a super maintenance node of another network area. ;
  • the super maintenance node notifies the ordinary node in the area of the updated routing information.
  • the method for maintaining routing information includes: when it is known that all the super maintenance nodes in the second network area are invalid, the super maintenance node of the first network area is configured according to the node identifier with the geographical location identifier. The method, the range of the node identifier of the second network area is calculated, and the route update information is generated; the route update information includes a range of the failed node identifier;
  • the super maintenance node of the first network area notifies the ordinary node in the area to update the routing information.
  • a message receiving unit configured to obtain route update information
  • a message sending unit configured to send, according to the routing update information obtained by the message receiving unit, a path to a common node of the network area and a super maintenance node of another network area Updated by information.
  • the system for maintaining routing information includes: a first common node, a first super maintenance node, a second common node, a third super maintenance node, a fourth common node, and a fourth super maintenance node, Five ordinary nodes;
  • the first common node is configured to generate routing update information, and send routing update information to the first super maintenance node;
  • the first super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first common node, and sends routing update information to the third super maintenance node and the second common node according to the updated routing information;
  • the second common node receives routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and updates routing information
  • the third super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the fourth normal node and the fourth super maintenance node according to the routing update message;
  • the fourth normal node receives routing update information from the third super maintenance node, and updates the routing information
  • the fourth super maintenance node receives routing update information from the third super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the fifth normal node according to the routing update information; the fifth common node receives the fourth super node. Maintain routing update information for nodes and update routing information.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for maintaining routing information, including: a first common node, a first super maintenance node, a second common node, a second super maintenance node, and a third common node;
  • a first common node configured to generate routing update information, and send routing update information to the first super maintenance node
  • the first super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first common node, and sends routing update information to the second super maintenance node and the second common node according to the routing update information;
  • a second normal node that receives routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and Update routing information
  • a second super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the third common node according to the routing update information; and the third normal node receives the routing update from the second super maintenance node.
  • Information, and update routing information are included in the first super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the third common node according to the routing update information; and the third normal node receives the routing update from the second super maintenance node.
  • the method and the device for maintaining the peer routing table in the structured peer-to-peer network make full use of the processing capability in the P2P system, and the node located at the boundary of the network area serves as a route.
  • the table update maintenance node is responsible for notifying all the nodes in the network area of the received route update information, and forwarding the route update notifications occurring in the field to the super maintenance nodes of other areas. In this way, the routing update information of different areas is only propagated to each other in the super maintenance node, and finally forwarded to all nodes in the network through the super maintenance node, thereby effectively reducing the routing table of the cross-network area generated by the node change in the P2P network. Maintenance overhead.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for selecting a super maintenance node in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of automatically forming a super maintenance node in an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a super maintenance node generating device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a method for constructing a multi-level super maintenance node according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for maintaining routing information of a super maintenance node according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for maintaining routing information of a super maintenance node according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an algorithm for dividing a network region by a stripe segmentation method used in an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a system for maintaining routing information according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for maintaining a super maintenance node according to an embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • the node processing capability is strong, and the node located at the edge of the network acts as a super maintenance node, and is responsible for forwarding the routing update message of the network domain to other network domains, thereby utilizing the difference in processing power of the nodes in the P2P network. While ensuring that the routing table is updated in a timely manner, it can effectively reduce cross-domain traffic of routing messages.
  • the system selects a node with strong processing capability and located at the boundary of the network area as a super maintenance node, and other nodes as ordinary nodes; according to the geographical information of the node, the nodes that are closer to the network of the super maintenance node are divided.
  • the normal node sends the detected routing update message to the super maintenance node of the network area, and the super maintenance node forwards the update message to the super maintenance node of the other network area.
  • the super maintenance nodes are responsible for notifying all nodes in the network area of the received routing update information.
  • the routing update information of different network areas is only propagated to each other in the super maintenance node, and finally forwarded to all nodes in the network through the super maintenance node, thereby effectively reducing the maintenance cost of the routing table across the network area in the P2P network.
  • the super maintenance node in the embodiment of the present invention may be: a node with strong processing capability and located at a boundary of the network area; the judging criterion of the processing capability may be: egress bandwidth, or computing power, or hard disk size, or The size of the memory, etc., for example, a node with a memory greater than 4G becomes a super maintenance node.
  • the node that the super maintenance node is responsible for maintaining may be:
  • the K value can be flexibly set according to the number of common nodes maintained by the super maintenance node. Generally, the larger the K value, the more common nodes are maintained. The greater the number;
  • the node that is closer to the network of the super maintenance node is divided into one network area, and the super maintenance node is responsible for all nodes in the network area. Routing information is updated.
  • the super maintenance node and the common node of a province are divided into one network area. It is also possible to divide the network area according to the delay information between the normal node and the super maintenance node, for example, to divide a common node with a super maintenance node delay of less than 20 milliseconds into one network area.
  • the super maintenance node in a network area can be one or more.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for selecting a super maintenance node, including the following steps:
  • Step 101 Obtain delay information between a routing path between nodes in the system and a router through which the data packet passes.
  • the TraceRoute command is a tool provided by the computer operating system for obtaining an address list and an arrival time of each router in which the data packet arrives at the destination node.
  • the TraceRoute command can be executed by each node in the system with several other nodes as the destination node to obtain the delay information between the routing path between the nodes and the passing router. For example, each node in the system selects two other nodes as destination nodes, and each node executes the TraceRoute command. The number of specific selections can be changed according to the situation, as long as it can cover the entire system.
  • the delay between the router R1 and the router R2 is obtained by executing the TraceRoute command to be 5 milliseconds, and between the router R3 and the router R4. The delay is 100 milliseconds.
  • Step 102 According to the path information between the nodes and the delay information between the routers, the method of binary clustering is used to form at least one cluster (Node).
  • the node performs two-way clustering of the obtained path information and the delay information between the routers. Obtaining two sets of large and small delays, and starting from the node along the path information, all the addresses of the routers whose previous hop delay is small but the next hop becomes large are used as the identifier of the local area of the node, which is called A router located at the boundary of a network area.
  • the node registers the identity and the node's own information to a distributed hash table or a data storage location, and the system then clusters the nodes with the same region identifier. In this way, multiple nodes in the system are divided into multiple clusters, and the network composed of each cluster is a network region.
  • R3 is the first-level home zone identifier of the node (the analogy is "county”), then all nodes with the address of R3 as the homeway area identifier form a cluster
  • R5 is the second layer of the node.
  • the attribution area identifier (the analogy is "province”), then all the nodes with the address of R5 as the attribution path area form a cluster.
  • Step 103 Select one or more nodes from the cluster formed by the node as the super maintenance node.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides an apparatus for selecting a super maintenance node, where the apparatus is implemented based on the foregoing method, and may be set at a node, or a server, or On other telecommunication equipment.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an apparatus for automatically generating a super maintenance node, including:
  • the detecting unit 31 is configured to obtain a delay path between a routing path between nodes in the system and a router through which the data packet passes;
  • the calculating unit 32 is configured to form, according to the path information between the nodes obtained by the detecting unit 31 and the delay information between the routers, by using a method of binary clustering, to form at least one cluster by dividing the nodes;
  • the selecting unit 33 is configured to select one or more nodes as the super maintenance node from the cluster formed by the dividing unit by the calculating unit 32.
  • the detecting unit 31 includes:
  • a route execution module configured to select a node to execute a TraceRoute command
  • the analysis processing module is configured to process the returned result, obtain routing information between the nodes, and delay information between the passed routers.
  • a super maintenance node with a high level manages multiple super maintenance nodes with low levels.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of building a multi-level super maintenance node.
  • the first network area includes a first super maintenance node A and a first common node B
  • the second network area includes a second super maintenance node C and a second common node D
  • the third network area includes the first network area and the second
  • the network area includes a third super maintenance node E and a third common node F
  • the fourth network area includes a fourth super maintenance node G and a fourth normal node H.
  • the third super maintenance node E forms a tree-like hierarchical relationship with the first super maintenance node A and the second super maintenance node C, and establishes a telecommunication connection with each other.
  • the third super maintenance node E and the fourth super maintenance node G Establish a telecommunications connection.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a method for maintaining routing information by using a super maintenance node, which includes the following steps:
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a method for maintaining routing information of a super maintenance node according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Step 201 The super maintenance node obtains routing update information of a common node in the network area, and the super maintenance node sends the routing update information to the super maintenance node of the other network area according to the routing update information.
  • the ordinary node may send the updated routing information to the super maintenance node of the local area, and the super maintenance node receives the routing update information; or the super maintenance node may receive the routing update notification sent by the ordinary node, The normal node obtains routing update information of the node.
  • the ordinary node When a message needs to be sent to the super maintenance node, the ordinary node obtains the address of the super maintenance node of the area.
  • a common node can obtain the address of the super maintenance node in its area by various means.
  • the super-maintenance node uses the decentralized hash table to register the node ID, IP address, and hierarchical relationship to the DHT.
  • the common node uses the DHT query method to obtain the super maintenance node information in the P2P system, including the address of the super maintenance node. .
  • the super maintenance node can also be registered to a public address by other means, such as registration to a domain name resolution server (DNS, Domain Name System) or a database.
  • DNS Domain Name System
  • the ordinary node obtains the address of the super maintenance node from the DNS or the database according to the registered name.
  • the super maintenance node can be registered as an member of the IP Anycast group.
  • the router When the normal node initiates an Anycast request, the router returns the information of the super maintenance node in its area, including the information of the super maintenance node. You can also configure the address of the super maintenance node in the network area of the common node by manual setting.
  • Step 202 The super maintenance node that receives the updated routing information notifies the ordinary node in the network area to update the routing information.
  • the super maintenance node may send the new routing information to the common node in the local area.
  • the routing update notification may be sent to the common node according to the routing update information.
  • the ordinary node After receiving the routing update notification, the ordinary node actively obtains the routing information from the super maintenance node. New routing information.
  • the super maintenance node may send the routing update information in the form of a broadcast, or may gradually spread the routing update information to the ordinary node in the network area by means of parallel multicast.
  • an embodiment of the present invention further provides another method for maintaining routing information, including:
  • Step 301 When the super maintenance node in the first network area learns that all the super maintenance nodes in the second network area are invalid, the super maintenance node in the first network area calculates according to the method for constructing the node ID with the geographical location identifier. The range of the node identifier of the second network area generates a route update information.
  • the routing update information includes a range of failed node identifiers.
  • Step 302 The super maintenance node of the first network area notifies the common node in the area to update the routing information.
  • the super maintenance node may send new routing information to a common node in the local area; or may send a routing update notification to the ordinary node according to the routing update information. After receiving the route update notification, the transit node actively obtains new routing information from the super maintenance node.
  • the super maintenance node may send the routing update information in the form of a broadcast, or may gradually spread the routing update information to the ordinary node in the network area by means of parallel multicast.
  • the range of the node identifier of the area to which the invalid super maintenance node belongs may be obtained according to the method for constructing the node ID with the geographical identifier.
  • the node invalidation routing information in this range is sent to the ordinary node of the network area at a time.
  • the maintenance overhead caused by the node routing update information of the failed network area being sent one by one is greatly reduced.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a method for constructing a node ID with a geographical location identifier, the method comprising the following steps.
  • Step 401 Obtain geographic location information of the node.
  • a node When a node joins the network, it will announce its geographical location information and obtain the geographical location information of the node.
  • Step 402 Determine a ID hash space of the node by using a stripe segmentation method.
  • Step 403 randomly select a hash value in the hash space, and combine the other attribute information of the node to construct an ID value of the node.
  • the hash value randomly selected in the hash space may be used as a part of the node ID (for example: prefix or suffix, or a key field therein).
  • each region is a strip of a different color in the graph, and the entire hash space may be divided into N strips, each strip
  • the band is further divided into m (the number of m is the number of regions) entries, and the node of each region randomly selects one of the entries belonging to the region as a prefix (or suffix) of its own node ID, or one of the keywords Segment), combined with other properties of the node, constructs the final node ID value.
  • a node ID that divides the hash space by geographic location is averaged, and the nodes in the large area are distributed to the entries by the approximate average of the strips.
  • Shenzhen belongs to area B, and when a node located in Shenzhen joins the network, it randomly selects a strip from the hash space, and then finds the area belonging to the area from the strip. B's hash number range entry, and randomly select a hash number from the hash range as the prefix (or suffix, or a key field) of its own node ID, and combine the other attributes of the node to construct the final Node ID value.
  • a key segment in a node ID is combined with a rule of stripe segmentation, and the detailed geographical position of the node can be deduced, thereby obtaining the user from the node ID.
  • the purpose of the location information is a key segment in a node ID.
  • the process of calculating the ID of the node by the node may be completed by the node itself or by the central server, and then the node requests the allocation from the central server.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further provides a system for maintaining routing information, where the system is implemented based on the foregoing method.
  • FIG. 8 is the same.
  • a schematic diagram of the system, the system includes: a first common node, a first super maintenance node, a second common node, a third super maintenance node, a fourth normal node, a fourth super maintenance node, and a fifth common node.
  • the first super maintenance node is a super maintenance node of the network area to which the first common node and the second common node belong;
  • the third super maintenance node is a super maintenance node of the network area to which the fourth common node belongs
  • the fourth super maintenance node is a super maintenance node of a network area to which the fifth common node belongs.
  • the first common node generates routing update information, and sends routing update information to the first super maintenance node;
  • the first super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first common node, and sends routing update information to the third super maintenance node and the second common node according to the updated routing information;
  • a second normal node receiving routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and updating the routing information
  • the third super maintenance node receives the routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and sends the routing update message to the fourth common node and the fourth super maintenance node according to the routing update message. Send routing update information.
  • the fourth normal node receives routing update information from the third super maintenance node and updates the routing information.
  • the fourth super maintenance node receives the routing update information from the third super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the fifth normal node according to the routing update information.
  • the fifth normal node receives the routing update information from the fourth super maintenance node and updates the routing information.
  • FIG. 8 is Schematic diagram of the system, the system includes: a first common node, a first super maintenance node, a second common node, a second super maintenance node, and a third common node.
  • the first super maintenance node is a super maintenance node of the network area to which the first common node and the second common node belong
  • the second super maintenance node is a super maintenance node of the network area to which the third common node belongs.
  • a first common node configured to generate routing update information, and send routing update information to the first super maintenance node
  • the first super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first common node, and sends routing update information to the second super maintenance node and the second common node according to the routing update information;
  • a second normal node receiving routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and updating the routing information
  • a second super maintenance node receives routing update information from the first super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the third common node according to the routing update information; and the third normal node receives the routing update from the second super maintenance node.
  • Information, and update routing information are included in the first super maintenance node, and sends routing update information to the third common node according to the routing update information; and the third normal node receives the routing update from the second super maintenance node.
  • the example of the present invention provides a super maintenance node, including:
  • a message receiving unit configured to obtain route update information
  • a message sending unit configured to update information according to the routing, to the network area
  • the super-maintenance node of the transit node and other network areas sends routing update information.
  • the super-maintenance node uniformly forwards the routing update information in the network area to the super-maintenance node in other areas or the common node in the network area. In this way, the routing update information of different areas is only propagated in the super maintenance node, which effectively reduces the
  • another super maintenance node provided by the example of the present invention includes: a message receiving unit 91, configured to obtain routing update information;
  • the monitoring unit 92 is configured to monitor a telecommunication connection state with other super maintenance nodes, and output an indication for calculating routing information when it is known that all the maintenance nodes of the second area are invalid;
  • the calculating unit 93 is configured to receive the indication of the calculated routing information output by the monitoring unit 92, calculate a range of node identifiers of the network area to which the invalid super maintenance node belongs according to a method for constructing a node ID with a geographical location identifier, and generate
  • the routing update unit 94 is configured to send, according to the routing update information obtained by the message receiving unit 91 and the routing update information generated by the calculating unit 93, to a common node of the network area and a super maintenance node of another network area. Send route update information.
  • the super maintenance node monitors the super maintenance nodes of other network areas, and when the super maintenance nodes of a network area fail, the routing update information including the range of the failed node identifier can be generated, and the range is The node invalid routing information is sent to the ordinary node of the network area at a time. The maintenance overhead caused by the routing update information of the nodes in the failed network area is greatly reduced.
  • the method and device for maintaining routing information fully utilize the processing capability of the P2P system, and the node located at the boundary of the network area is used as a routing table update maintenance node, and is responsible for notifying the network of the received routing update information.
  • a common node in the area forwards the routing update information that occurs in the network area to the super maintenance node in other areas. In this way, the routing update information of different areas is only propagated among the super maintenance nodes, and finally forwarded to all nodes in the network through the super maintenance node, thereby effectively reducing the routing table of the cross-network area generated by the node change in the P2P network. Maintenance overhead.
  • the present invention can be implemented by hardware, or by software plus necessary general hardware platform.
  • the technical solution of the present invention may be embodied in the form of a software product, which may be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (which may be a CD-ROM, a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, etc.), including several The instructions are for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention.

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Description

一种维护路由信息的方法及装置 本申请要求于 2008 年 2 月 5 日提交中国专利局, 申请号为 200810065364.2, 发明名称为 "一种维护路由信息的方法及装置" 的 中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。 技术领域
本发明实施例涉及对等网 (P2P, Peer-to-Peer )技术领域, 尤其 涉及一种维护路由信息的方法及装置。 背景技术
由于 P2P网络是一种自组织形态的网络***,该网络中,每个节 点加入网络或从网络中退出的行为均是随机性的。 因此, 当节点加入 或退出***时, ***需要通过采用更新机制对每个节点维护的路由信 息进行更新, 才能够及时恢复路由关系, 使得查询可以可靠地进行。
在实现本发明的过程中, 发明人发现现有技术至少存在以下问 题:
现有技术一般基于广播机制,当 P2P***中某个节点加入或者失 效时, ***发送广播消息通知网络中所有节点更新路由信息, 这种机 制虽然筒单, 但是缺点也是非常明显的, 对***中带宽要求 4艮高, 当 ***中同时失效的节点达到一定数量时, 容易产生网络风暴, 导致系 统崩溃。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种维护路由信息的方法及装置,以实现降低 维护路由过程中产生的开销。
本发明实施例提供的一种选择节点的方法, 包括:
获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过的路由器之间 的时延信息;
根据节点之间的路径信息和路由器之间的时延信息,采用二分聚 类的方法, 对节点划分形成至少一聚类;
从节点形成的聚类中, 选择一个或者多个节点作为超级维护节 点。
本发明实施例提供的一种选择节点的装置, 包括:
探测单元,用于获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过 的路由器之间的时延信息; 息和路由器之间的时延信息, 采用二分聚类的方法, 对节点划分形成 至少一聚类;
选择单元, 用于从所述计算单元对节点划分形成的聚类中, 选择 一个或者多个节点作为超级维护节点。
本发明实施例提供的一种维护路由信息的方法, 包括: 超级维护节点获得所属区域内的普通节点的路由更新信息; 所述超级维护节点向其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送所述路 由更新信息;
所述超级维护节点向本区域内的普通节点通知更新路由信息。 本发明实施例提供的一种维护路由信息的方法, 包括: 当获知第二网络区域的所有超级维护节点失效时,第一网络区域 的超级维护节点, 根据构造带有地理位置标识的节点标识的方法, 计 算出所述第二网络区域的节点标识的范围, 产生路由更新信息; 所述 路由更新信息包括失效节点标识的范围;
所述第一网络区域的超级维护节点通知本区域内的普通节点更 新路由信息。
本发明实施例提供的一种超级维护节点包括:
消息接收单元, 用于获得路由更新信息;
消息发送单元,用于根据所述消息接收单元获得的所述路由更新 信息,向本网络区域普通节点和其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送路 由更新信息。
本发明实施例提供的一种维护路由信息的***, 包括: 第一普通 节点, 第一超级维护节点, 第二普通节点, 第三超级维护节点, 第四 普通节点, 第四超级维护节点, 第五普通节点;
所述第一普通节点, 用于产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节 点发送路由更新信息;
所述第一超级维护节点, 接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信 息, 根据所述更新路由信息, 向第三超级维护节点和第二普通节点发 送路由更新信息;
所述第二普通节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息;
所述第三超级维护节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新 信息, 根据所述路由更新消息, 向第四普通节点和第四超级维护节点 发送路由更新信息;
所述第四普通节点, 接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息;
所述第四超级维护节点,接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新 信息,并根据所述路由更新信息,向第五普通节点发送路由更新信息; 所述第五普通节点, 接收来自第四超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息。
本发明实施例还提供一种维护路由信息的***, 包括: 第一普通 节点, 第一超级维护节点, 第二普通节点, 第二超级维护节点, 第三 普通节点;
第一普通节点, 用于产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节点发 送路由更新信息;
第一超级维护节点,接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信息, 根 据所述路由更新信息,向第二超级维护节点和第二普通节点发送路由 更新信息;
第二普通节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息;
第二超级维护节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并根据所述路由更新信息向第三普通节点发送路由更新信息; 第三普通节点,接收来自第二超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息。
与现有技术相比,本发明实施例提供的一种维护结构化对等网络 中对等体路由表的方法及装置, 充分利用 P2P***中处理能力强, 并 且位于网络区域边界的节点作为路由表更新维护节点, 负责将收到的 路由更新信息通知本网络区域内的所有节点,并将发生在本领域内的 路由更新通知转发给其他区域的超级维护节点。 这样, 不同区域的路 由更新信息只在超级维护节点中相互传播,并最终通过超级维护节点 转发到网络中的所有节点,从而有效降低了 P2P网络中的由于节点变 更产生的跨网络区域的路由表维护开销。 附图说明
图 1是本发明实施例中选择超级维护节点的方法的流程图; 图 2是本发明实施例中自动形成超级维护节点的示意图; 图 3是本发明实施例中一种超级维护节点产生装置的示意图; 图 4是本发明实施例中一种构建多层次超级维护节点的示意图; 图 5 是本发明实施例中超级维护节点维护路由信息的方法流程 图;
图 6 是本发明另一实施例中超级维护节点维护路由信息的方法 流程图;
图 7 是本发明实施例中采用的条带分割方法划分网络区域的算 法示意图;
图 8是本发明实施例中一种维护路由信息的***示意图; 图 9是本发明实施例中一种超级维护节点的装置示意图。 具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例的技术方案作进一步详细描述。 本发明实施例中, 利用 P2P网络中节点处理能力的差异性,选出 处理能力强, 并且位于网络边缘的节点作为超级维护节点, 负责将本 网络域的路由更新消息转发到其他网络域,从而在保证路由表及时更 新的同时, 能够有效降低路由消息的跨域流量。
根据本发明的一个实施例,***选择处理能力强并且位于网络区 域边界的节点作为超级维护节点, 其他节点作为普通节点; 根据节点 的地域信息,将那些与超级维护节点网络距离较近的节点划分为一个 网络区域; 当节点加入或者失效时, 普通节点将检测到的路由更新消 息只发送给本网络区域的超级维护节点,超级维护节点再将更新消息 转发给其他网络区域的超级维护节点,每个超级维护节点负责将收到 的路由更新信息通知本网络区域内的所有节点。 这样, 不同网络区域 的路由更新信息只在超级维护节点中相互传播,并最终通过超级维护 节点转发到网络中的所有节点,从而有效降低了 P2P网络中跨网络区 域的路由表维护开销。
本发明实施例中所指的超级维护节点可以为:处理能力强, 并且 位于网络区域边界的节点; 所述的处理能力强的判断标准可以为: 出 口带宽, 或者计算能力, 或者硬盘大小, 或者内存大小等, 例如内存 大于 4G的节点即成为超级维护节点。
所述超级维护节点所负责维护的节点可以为:
所述超级维护节点所在的地域内的普通节点;
与所述超级维护节点时延小于 K毫秒的普通节点, 所述 K值可 以根据该超级维护节点所维护的普通节点的数量灵活设置, 一般来 讲, K值越大, 所维护的普通节点的数量越多;
或者也可以任意选择。
例如: 根据节点的地域信息, 将与超级维护节点网络距离较近的 节点划分为一个网络区域,超级维护节点负责该网络区域内所有节点 的路由信息更新。
根据地域关系来划分超级维护节点所维护的区域。比如将某个省 的超级维护节点和普通节点划分为到一个网络区域中。也可以根据普 通节点与超级维护节点间的时延信息划分网络区域,比如将与超级维 护节点时延小于 20毫秒的普通节点划分到一个网络区域中。
一个网络区域中的超级维护节点可以是 1个或者多个。 参见图 1 , 本发明实施例提供一种选择超级维护节点的方法包括 以下几个步骤:
步骤 101 , 获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过的路 由器之间的时延信息。
可以在***中选择若干节点上, 确定一定数量的目的节点, 通过 执行跟踪路由 (TraceRoute )命令, 并对返回的结果进行处理, 获得 节点之间的路由信息和数据包所经过的路由器之间的时延信息。所述 TraceRoute命令是计算机操作***提供的工具, 用于获得数据包到达 目的节点所经过的中各路由器的地址清单和到达时间。
可以由***中的每一个节点以若干其他节点作为目的节点执行 TraceRoute命令, 获得节点之间的路由路径和所经过的路由器之间的 时延信息。例如,***中每一个节点选取 2个其他节点作为目的节点, 每一个节点都执行 TraceRoute命令。具体选取的数量可以根据情况改 变, 只要能覆盖到整个***就可以。
也是可以由能力强的节点或者几个专门的计算机或者服务器,以 ***中的所有节点作为目的节点, 执行 TraceRoute命令。
图 2是本发明实施例中自动形成超级维护节点的示意图, 例如, 在图 2中, 通过执行 TraceRoute命令获得路由器 R1与路由器 R2之 间的时延为 5毫秒, 路由器 R3与路由器 R4之间的时延为 100毫秒。
步骤 102, 根据节点之间的路径信息和路由器之间的时延信息, 采用二分聚类的方法, 对节点划分形成至少一聚类 ( Cluster )。
节点将获得的路径信息和路由器之间的时延信息进行二分聚类, 获得时延大和小的两个集合, 把从本节点出发沿着该路径信息, 所有 上一跳时延为小但下一跳变为大的路由器的地址作为本节点归属区 域的标识, 称为位于网络区域边界的路由器。 节点把这些标识和节点 自己的信息注册到分布式哈希表或者某个数据存放位置,***再把具 有相同区域标识的节点形成聚类。 通过这种方式, ***中的多个节点 就会被划分成多个聚类, 每个聚类组成的网络就是一个网络区域。
例如,在图 2中, R3是节点的第一层归属区域标识 (类比为"县"), 那么所有以 R3的地址作为归属路区域标识的节点形成一个聚类, R5 是节点的第二层归属区域标识 (类比为 "省" ), 那所有以 R5 的地址 作为归属路区域标识的节点形成一个聚类。
步骤 103 , 从节点形成的聚类中, 选择一个或者多个节点作为超 级维护节点。 对应于上述本发明实施例中选择超级维护节点的方法,本发明实 施例还提供一种选择超级维护节点的装置,所述装置基于前面所述的 方法实现, 可以设置在节点, 或者服务器, 或者其他电信设备上。
参见图 3 , 本发明实例提供一种自动产生超级维护节点的装置, 包括:
探测单元 31 , 用于获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所 经过的路由器之间的时延信息;
计算单元 32, 用于根据所述探测单元 31获得的所述节点之间的 路径信息和路由器之间的时延信息, 采用二分聚类的方法, 对节点划 分形成至少一聚类;
选择单元 33 ,用于从所述计算单元 32对节点划分形成的聚类中, 选择一个或者多个节点作为超级维护节点。
所述探测单元 31包括:
路由执行模块, 用于选择节点执行 TraceRoute命令;
分析处理模块, 用于处理返回的结果, 获得节点之间的路由信息 和所经过的路由器之间的时延信息。 另外,可以选择管理多个超级维护节点的级别较高的超级维护节 点, 形成等级关系, 级别高的超级维护节点管辖多个级别低的超级维 护节点。
参见图 4, 图 4是一种构建多层次超级维护节点的示意图。 第一 网络区域中包括第一超级维护节点 A和第一普通节点 B,第二网络区 域中包括第二超级维护节点 C和第二普通节点 D,第三网络区域包含 第一网络区域和第二网络区域,第三网络区域包括第三超级维护节点 E和第三普通节点 F, 第四网络区域中包括第四超级维护节点 G和第 四普通节点 H。 第三超级维护节点 E和第一超级维护节点 A, 第二超 级维护节点 C之间形成一种树状层次关系,并互相建立电信连接,第 三超级维护节点 E与第四超级维护节点 G之间建立电信连接。 本发明实施例提供一种利用超级维护节点维护路由信息的方法, 包括以下步骤:
参考图 5, 图 5是本发明实施例中超级维护节点维护路由信息的 方法流程图。
步骤 201、 超级维护节点获得所属网络区域内的普通节点的路由 更新信息, 该超级维护节点根据所述路由更新信息, 向其他网络区域 的超级维护节点发送所述路由更新信息。
所述普通节点可以将更新的路由信息发送给本区域的超级维护 节点, 所述超级维护节点接收所述路由更新信息; 也可以由超级维护 节点接收到普通节点发送的路由更新通知后,从所述普通节点获取所 述节点的路由更新信息。
当需要向所述超级维护节点发送消息时,普通节点获得所属区域 超级维护节点的地址。普通节点可以通过多种手段获得所属区域超级 维护节点的地址。 超级维护节点采用分散式哈希表的方式将节点标 识, IP地址, 层次关系等信息注册到 DHT 中, 普通节点使用 DHT 的查询方法可以获得 P2P***中超级维护节点信息,包括超级维护节 点的地址。 所述超级维护节点也可以通过其他方式注册到公共地址中,比如 注册到域名解析服务器( DNS , Domain Name System )或者数据库中。 所述普通节点根据注册名称从 DNS或者数据库中获得超级维护节点 的地址。
超级维护节点可以注册为 IP任意播(Anycast )组成员, 普通节 点发起 Anycast请求, 则路由器返回它所在区域的超级维护节点的信 息, 包括超级维护节点的信息。 也可以通过手工设置等方式为普通节 点配置其所在网络区域的超级维护节点的地址。
步骤 202、 接收到所述更新路由信息的超级维护节点通知本网络 区域内的普通节点更新路由信息。
所述超级维护节点可以将新的路由信息发送给本区域的普通节 点; 也可以根据所述路由更新信息向普通节点发送路由更新通知, 普 通节点接收到路由更新通知后,主动到超级维护节点获取新的路由信 息。
所述超级维护节点可通过广播的形式发送路由更新信息,也可以 通过并行多播的方式将路由更新信息逐步扩散发送到所属网络区域 的普通节点。 参见图 6,本发明的实施例还提供另外一种维护路由信息的方法, 包括:
步骤 301 , 当第一网络区域中的超级维护节点获知第二网络区域 的所有超级维护节点失效时, 第一网络区域的超级维护节点, 根据构 造带有地理位置标识的节点 ID的方法, 计算出第二网络区域的节点 标识的范围, 产生一条路由更新信息。
所述路由更新信息包括失效节点标识的范围。
步骤 302, 第一网络区域的超级维护节点通知本区域内的普通节 点更新路由信息。
所述超级维护节点可以将新的路由信息发送给本区域的普通节 点; 也可以根据所述路由更新信息向普通节点发送路由更新通知, 普 通节点接收到路由更新通知后,主动到超级维护节点获取新的路由信 息。
所述超级维护节点可通过广播的形式发送路由更新信息,也可以 通过并行多播的方式将路由更新信息逐步扩散发送到所属网络区域 的普通节点。
例如: 当其他网络区域的超级维护节点获知某个网络区域的超级 维护节点失效时, 可根据所述构造带有地理位置标识的节点 ID的方 法获得失效超级维护节点所属区域的节点标识的范围 ,并将这个范围 内的节点失效路由信息一次发送给所属网络区域的普通节点。大大减 少了因逐个发送失效网络区域的节点路由更新信息而导致的维护开 销。
本发明实施例还提供一种构造带有地理位置标识的节点 ID的方 法, 其方法包括以下步骤。
步骤 401、 获取节点的地理位置信息。
节点在加入网络时会公布自己的地理位置信息,可以获取该节点 的地理位置信息。
步骤 402、 利用条带分割的方法确定所述节点的 ID哈希空间。 步骤 403、 在所述哈希空间中随机选取一个哈希值, 并结合节点 的其他属性信息, 构造出节点的 ID值。
所述在哈希空间中随机选取的哈希值, 可以作为节点 ID的一部 分(例如: 前缀或者后缀, 或者其中某关键字段)。
步骤 402和 403中, 参见图 7, 采用条带分割选择节点 ID的方 法, 每个区域各为图中的一个不同颜色的条块, 整个哈希空间可以划 分为 N个条带, 每个条带中再划分为 m个(m的数目为区域的数目 大小)条目, 每个区域的节点随机在属于该区域的条目中选择一个作 为自己的节点 ID的前缀(或者后缀, 或者其中某关键字段), 并结合 节点的其他属性, 构造出最终的节点 ID值。 这样就能 4艮好地实现一 种按地理区域位置平均划分哈希空间的节点 ID, 大区域内的节点都 被条带近似平均的分配到了各条目中。 区域越大, 分得也就越散。 例如, ID设定规则中, 深圳市属于区域 B, 那么一个位于深圳 市的节点加入到网络中时, 它会随机从哈希空间中选取一个条带, 再 从这个条带中找到属于该区域 B的哈希数范围条目,并从此哈希范围 内随机选择一个哈希数作为自己的节点 ID的前缀(或者后缀, 或者 其中某关键字段 ),并结合节点的其他属性,构造出最终的节点 ID值。 通过这样一种条带分割选择 ID的机制,由一个节点 ID里的某关键字 段再结合条带分割的规则, 就能反推出该节点的详细地理位置, 从而 达到从节点 ID中得知用户位置信息的目的。
本发明实施例中, 节点计算构造自己的 ID的过程, 既可以由节 点自身完成, 也可以统一由中心服务器完成, 再由节点向中心服务器 请求分配。
对应于上述本发明实施例中基于超级节点维护路由信息的方法, 本发明实施例还提供一种维护路由信息的***,所述***基于前面所 述的方法实现, 参见图 8, 图 8是该***的示意图, 该***包括: 第 一普通节点,第一超级维护节点,第二普通节点,第三超级维护节点, 第四普通节点, 第四超级维护节点, 第五普通节点。 所述第一超级维 护节点为,所述第一普通节点和第二普通节点所属网络区域的超级维 护节点; 所述第三超级维护节点为, 所述第四普通节点所属网络区域 的超级维护节点; 所述第四超级维护节点为, 所述第五普通节点所属 网络区域的超级维护节点。
所述第一普通节点, 产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节点发 送路由更新信息;
第一超级维护节点,接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信息, 根 据所述更新路由信息,向第三超级维护节点和第二普通节点发送路由 更新信息;
第二普通节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息;
第三超级维护节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 根据所述路由更新消息, 向第四普通节点和第四超级维护节点发 送路由更新信息。
第四普通节点,接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息。
第四超级维护节点, 接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并根据所述路由更新信息, 向第五普通节点发送路由更新信息。
第五普通节点,接收来自第四超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息。
对应于上述本发明实施例中基于超级节点维护路由信息的方法, 本发明实施例还提供一种维护路由信息的***,所述***基于前面所 述的方法实现, 参见图 8 , 图 8是该***的示意图, 该***包括: 第 一普通节点,第一超级维护节点,第二普通节点,第二超级维护节点, 第三普通节点。 所述第一超级维护节点为, 所述第一普通节点和第二 普通节点所属网络区域的超级维护节点, 所述第二超级维护节点为, 所述第三普通节点所属网络区域的超级维护节点。
第一普通节点, 用于产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节点发 送路由更新信息;
第一超级维护节点,接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信息, 根 据所述路由更新信息,向第二超级维护节点和第二普通节点发送路由 更新信息;
第二普通节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息;
第二超级维护节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并根据所述路由更新信息向第三普通节点发送路由更新信息; 第三普通节点,接收来自第二超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息。
对应于上述本发明实施例中基于超级节点维护路由信息的方法, 本发明实例提供一种超级维护节点, 包括:
消息接收单元, 用于获得路由更新信息;
消息发送单元, 用于根据所述的路由更新信息, 向本网络区域普 通节点和其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送路由更新信息。
通过所述超级维护节点对网络区域内的路由更新信息统一转发 给其他区域的超级维护节点或者网络区域内的普通节点。 这样, 不同 区域的路由更新信息只在超级维护节点中相互传播从而有效降低了
P2P网络中的由于节点变更产生的跨网络区域的路由表维护开销。
参见图 9, 本发明实例提供的另一种超级维护节点, 包括: 消息接收单元 91 , 用于获得路由更新信息;
监控单元 92, 用于监控与其他超级维护节点的电信连接状态, 并在获知第二区域的所有维护节点都失效时,输出计算路由信息的指 示;
计算单元 93 , 用于接收所述监控单元 92输出的所述计算路由信 息的指示, 根据构造带有地理位置标识的节点 ID的方法计算出失效 超级维护节点所属网络区域的节点标识的范围, 产生路由更新信息; 消息发送单元 94, 用于根据所述消息接收单元 91获得的路由更 新信息和通过所述计算单元 93产生的路由更新信息, 向本网络区域 普通节点和其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送路由更新信息。
本实施例中超级维护节点对其他网络区域的超级维护节点进行 监控, 在某个网络区域的超级维护节点都失效的情况下, 能够产生包 括失效节点标识的范围的路由更新信息,并将这个范围内的节点失效 路由信息一次发送给所属网络区域的普通节点。大大减少了因逐个发 送失效网络区域的节点路由更新信息而导致的维护开销。
本发明实施例提供的一种维护路由信息的方法及装置,充分利用 P2P***中处理能力强, 并且位于网络区域边界的节点作为路由表更 新维护节点, 负责将收到的路由更新信息通知本网络区域内的普通节 点,并将发生在本网络区域内的路由更新信息转发给其他区域的超级 维护节点。 这样, 不同区域的路由更新信息只在超级维护节点中相互 传播, 并最终通过超级维护节点转发到网络中的所有节点, 从而有效 降低了 P2P 网络中的由于节点变更产生的跨网络区域的路由表维护 开销。 通过以上的实施方式的描述,本领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解 到本发明, 可以通过硬件实现, 也可以借助软件加必要的通用硬件平 台的方式来实现。基于这样的理解, 本发明的技术方案可以以软件产 品的形式体现出来, 该软件产品可以存储在一个非易失性存储介质 (可以是 CD-ROM, U盘, 移动硬盘等) 中, 包括若干指令用以使 得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机, 服务器, 或者网络设备等) 执行本发明各个实施例所述的方法。
总之, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并非用于限定本 发明的保护范围。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种选择节点的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过的路由器之间 的时延信息;
根据节点之间的路径信息和路由器之间的时延信息,采用二分聚 类的方法, 对节点划分形成至少一聚类;
从节点形成的聚类中, 选择一个或者多个节点作为超级维护节 点。
2. 根据权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述获得***中 节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过的路由器之间的时延信息包括: 从***中选择至少一个节点, 执行跟踪路由命令, 并对返回的结 果进行处理,获得节点之间的路由信息和所述数据包所经过的路由器 之间的时延信息。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其特征在于, 从***中选择至 少一个节点, 执行跟踪路由命令包括:
由***中的每一个节点选择至少一个其他节点作为目的节点执 行跟踪路由命令; 或者
由预定节点或者专门的计算机或者服务器,以***中的所有节点 作为目的节点, 执行跟踪路由命令。
4. 一种选择节点的装置, 其特征在于, 包括:
探测单元,用于获得***中节点之间的路由路径和数据包所经过 的路由器之间的时延信息; 息和路由器之间的时延信息, 采用二分聚类的方法, 对节点划分形成 至少一聚类;
选择单元, 用于从所述计算单元对节点划分形成的聚类中, 选择 一个或者多个节点作为超级维护节点。
5. 根据权利要求 4所述的装置, 其特征在于, 所述探测单元包 括:
路由执行模块, 用于选择节点执行跟踪路由命令;
分析处理模块, 用于处理返回的结果, 获得节点之间的路由信息 和所经过的路由器之间的时延信息。
6. 一种维护路由信息的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
超级维护节点获得所属区域内的普通节点的路由更新信息; 所述超级维护节点向其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送所述路 由更新信息;
所述超级维护节点向本区域内的普通节点通知更新路由信息。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述超级维护节 点获得所属区域内的普通节点的路由更新信息包括:
超级维护节点接收普通节点发送的路由更新信息; 或者, 超级维护节点接收普通节点发送的路由更新通知,并从所述普通 节点获取所述路由更新信息。
8. 根据权利要求 7所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述超级维护节 点接收普通节点发送的路由更新通知之前还包括:
普通节点获得所述超级维护节点的地址;
普通节点向所述超级维护节点发送路由更新信息。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述超级维护节 点采用分散式哈希表 DHT的方式将节点标识、 IP地址、 层次关系等 信息注册到 DHT中; 或,
所述超级维护节点注册到公共地址中; 或,
所述超级维护节点注册为 IP任意播组成员。
10.根据权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述普通节点获 得所述超级维护节点的地址包括:
所述普通节点使用 DHT 的查询方法获得所述超级维护节点地 址; 或, 所述普通节点根据注册名称从所述公共地址中获得所述超级维 护节点的地址; 或,
所述普通节点发起任意播请求,接收路由器返回的所述超级维护 节点的地址; 或,
所述普通节点被自动配置所在网络区域的所述超级维护节点的 地址。
11. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述其他网络区 域的超级维护节点向本区域内的普通节点通知更新路由信息包括: 所述超级维护节点将接收的新的路由信息发送给本区域的普通 节点; 或,
所述超级维护节点根据接收的所述路由更新信息向所述本区域 内的普通节点发送路由更新通知消息,所述普通节点接收到所述路由 更新通知消息后, 主动到所述超级维护节点获取所述新的路由信息; 或,
所述超级维护节点通过广播的形式发送所述路由更新信息; 或, 所述超级维护节点通过并行多播的方式将所述路由更新信息逐 步扩散发送到所述本区域的普通节点。
12. 一种维护路由信息的方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
当获知第二网络区域的所有超级维护节点失效时,第一网络区域 的超级维护节点, 根据构造带有地理位置标识的节点标识的方法, 计 算出所述第二网络区域的节点标识的范围, 产生路由更新信息; 所述 路由更新信息包括失效节点标识的范围;
所述第一网络区域的超级维护节点通知本区域内的普通节点更 新路由信息。
13. 一种维护路由信息的***, 其特征在于, 包括: 第一普通节 点, 第一超级维护节点, 第二普通节点, 第三超级维护节点, 第四普 通节点, 第四超级维护节点, 第五普通节点; 所述第一普通节点, 用于产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节 点发送路由更新信息;
所述第一超级维护节点, 接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信 息, 根据所述更新路由信息, 向第三超级维护节点和第二普通节点发 送路由更新信息;
所述第二普通节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息;
所述第三超级维护节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新 信息, 根据所述路由更新消息, 向第四普通节点和第四超级维护节点 发送路由更新信息;
所述第四普通节点, 接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息;
所述第四超级维护节点,接收来自第三超级维护节点的路由更新 信息,并根据所述路由更新信息,向第五普通节点发送路由更新信息; 所述第五普通节点, 接收来自第四超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并更新路由信息。
14. 一种维护路由信息的***, 其特征在于, 该***包括: 第一 普通节点, 第一超级维护节点, 第二普通节点, 第二超级维护节点, 第三普通节点;
第一普通节点, 用于产生路由更新信息, 向第一超级维护节点发 送路由更新信息;
第一超级维护节点,接收来自第一普通节点的路由更新信息, 根 据所述路由更新信息,向第二超级维护节点和第二普通节点发送路由 更新信息;
第二普通节点,接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息;
第二超级维护节点, 接收来自第一超级维护节点的路由更新信 息, 并根据所述路由更新信息向第三普通节点发送路由更新信息; 第三普通节点,接收来自第二超级维护节点的路由更新信息, 并 更新路由信息。
15. 一种超级维护节点, 其特征在于, 包括:
消息接收单元, 用于获得路由更新信息;
消息发送单元,用于根据所述消息接收单元获得的所述路由更新 信息,向本网络区域普通节点和其他网络区域的超级维护节点发送路 由更新信息。
16.根据权利要求 15 所述的超级维护节点, 其特征在于, 还包 括:
监控单元, 用于监控与其他超级维护节点的电信连接状态, 并在 获知第二区域的所有维护节点都失效时, 输出计算路由信息的指示; 计算单元,用于接收所述监控单元输出的所述计算路由信息的指 示,根据构造带有地理位置标识的节点标识的方法计算出失效超级维 护节点所属网络区域的节点标识的范围, 产生路由更新信息。
PCT/CN2009/070328 2008-02-05 2009-02-01 一种维护路由信息的方法及装置 WO2009100671A1 (zh)

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US8732298B2 (en) 2014-05-20
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