WO2007031720A1 - 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as cbi modulators - Google Patents

1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as cbi modulators Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2007031720A1
WO2007031720A1 PCT/GB2006/003356 GB2006003356W WO2007031720A1 WO 2007031720 A1 WO2007031720 A1 WO 2007031720A1 GB 2006003356 W GB2006003356 W GB 2006003356W WO 2007031720 A1 WO2007031720 A1 WO 2007031720A1
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Prior art keywords
methyl
dichlorophenyl
imidazol
piperidin
ylcarbamoyl
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PCT/GB2006/003356
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French (fr)
Inventor
Matti Ahlqvist
Leifeng Cheng
Robert Lundqvist
Henrik Sörensen
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Astrazeneca Ab
Astrazeneca Uk Limited
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Application filed by Astrazeneca Ab, Astrazeneca Uk Limited filed Critical Astrazeneca Ab
Priority to BRPI0615939-7A priority Critical patent/BRPI0615939A2/en
Priority to JP2008530599A priority patent/JP2009507907A/en
Priority to CA002621408A priority patent/CA2621408A1/en
Priority to AU2006290553A priority patent/AU2006290553A1/en
Priority to EP06779372A priority patent/EP1940803A1/en
Priority to US12/066,946 priority patent/US20090005415A1/en
Publication of WO2007031720A1 publication Critical patent/WO2007031720A1/en
Priority to NO20080969A priority patent/NO20080969L/en

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D233/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings
    • C07D233/54—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D233/66—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazole or hydrogenated 1,3-diazole rings, not condensed with other rings having two double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D233/90—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
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    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
    • A61K31/4178—1,3-Diazoles not condensed 1,3-diazoles and containing further heterocyclic rings, e.g. pilocarpine, nitrofurantoin
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    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
    • C07D409/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to certain salts of l,2-diarylimidazole-4- carboxamides, to processes for preparing such compounds, to their use in the treatment of obesity, psychiatric and neurological disorders, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
  • CBj modulators are useful in the treatment of obesity, psychiatric and neurological disorders (WO01/70700 and EP 656354).
  • WO04/60367 and WO2004/099130 disclose that certain diaryl imidazoles and triazoles are useful as COX-I inhibitors useful in the treatment of inflammation. Compounds exemplified in these applications are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention.
  • DD 140966 discloses that certain imidazolecarboxylic acid anilides are useful as plant growth regulators. Compounds exemplified in this application are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention.
  • WO 03/007887 and WO03/075660 disclose certain 4,5-diarylimidazole-2- carboxamides as CBi modulators.
  • WO03/27076 and WO 03/63781 disclose certain l,2-diarylimidazole-4- carboxamides which are CBi modulators. Compounds exemplified in these applications are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention.
  • WO03/40107 discloses certain l,2-diarylimidazole-4-carboxamides as being useful in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
  • R 1 represents a) a C 1-1O aIkOXy group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro b) a group of formula phenyl(CH 2 ) p O- in which p is 1, 2 or 3 and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z, c) a group R 5 S(O) 2 O or R 5 S(O) 2 NH in which R 5 represents a Ci- ⁇ alkyl group optionally substituted by one ; o orx more fluoro, or R 5 represents phenyl or a heteroaryl group each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z or d) a group of formula (R 6 ) 3 Si in which R 6 represents a Ci ⁇ alkyl group which may be the same or different; R a represents halo, a C 1-3 alkyl group or a C 1-3 alkoxy group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 2 represents a C 1-3 alkyl group, a C 1-3 alkoxy group, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or halo n is O, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R represents
  • X is CO or SO 2
  • Y is absent or represents NH optionally substituted by a C 1-3 alkyl group
  • R 7 and R 8 independently represent : a Ci- ⁇ alkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a C 3-15 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; an optionally substituted (C 3-1 5cycloalkyl)C 1-3 allcylene group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a group -(CH 2 ) r (phenyl ) s in which r is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1 when r is 0 otherwise s is 1 or 2 and the phenyl groups are optionally independently substituted by one, two or three groups represented by Z; a saturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci ⁇ alkyl groups, hydroxy or benzyl ; a group - (CH 2 ) t Het in which t
  • oxazolyl isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl or oxazolinyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups Z;
  • R 4 represents H, a Ci_ 6 alkyl group, a Ci- ⁇ alkoxy group or a d- ⁇ alkoxyQ.ealkylene group which contains a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, each of which groups is optionally substituted by one or more fluoro or cyano;
  • Z represents a Ci -3 alkyl group, a Ci- 3 alkoxy group, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifiuoromethylsulphonyl, nitro, amino, mono or di Ci. 3 alkylamino, Ci.
  • Ci ⁇ alkoxycarbonyl carboxy, cyano, carbamoyl, mono or di Ci -3 alkyl carbamoyl and acetyl
  • W represents hydroxy, fluoro, a C ⁇ alkyl group, a Ci.salkoxy group, amino, mono or di C 1- 3 alkylamino, or a heterocyclic amine selected from morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperdinyl or piperazinyl in which the heterocyclic amine is optionally substituted by a Ci ⁇ alkyl group 5 or hydroxyl;
  • R 2 is not methoxy in either the 2-position or the 4- position of the phenyl ring and the further proviso that R 1 is not methylsulfonylamino, methoxy or CF 3 O-. 0
  • a suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula A is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a s compound of Formula A which is sufficiently basic, for example an acid-addition salt with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid; or, for example a salt of a compound of Formula A which is sufficiently acidic, for example an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt such as a sodium, calcium or magnesium salt, or an ammonium salt, or a salt with an organic base such as Q methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
  • the drug substance In the formulation of drug compositions, it is important for the drug substance to be 5 in a form in which it can be conveniently handled and processed. This is of importance, not only from the point of view of obtaining a commercially viable manufacturing process, but also from the point of view of subsequent manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations comprising the active compound.
  • the drug substance, and compositions containing it should preferably be capable of being effectively stored over appreciable periods of time, without exhibiting a significant change in the active component's physico-chemical characteristics (e.g. its chemical composition, density, hygroscopicity and solubility).
  • the present invention provides a compound selected from:
  • the present invention provides one or more of the following: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-l ⁇ -imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide hydrochloride;
  • 4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; 4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l -sulfonic acid mesylate;
  • 4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
  • 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyi)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylate;
  • 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-memyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yljphenyl ester hemi- 1 , 5 -naphthalenedisulphonate;
  • 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
  • 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester hydrogen sulphate; 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester mesylate; 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulplionate; 3 ,3 ,3 -tri
  • substantially crystalline we include greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, and more preferably greater than 40% (e.g. greater than any of 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90%) crystalline.
  • a compound of the invention in partially crystalline form.
  • partially crystalline we include 5% or between 5% and 20% crystalline.
  • the degree (%) of crystallinity may be determined by the skilled person using X- ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Other techniques, such as solid state NMR, FT-IR,
  • Raman spectroscopy Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microcalorimetry, may also be used.
  • Compounds of the invention may have improved stability when compared to compounds disclosed in PCT/GB2005/001153.
  • stability includes chemical stability and solid state stability.
  • chemical stability we include that it may be possible to store compounds of the invention in an isolated form, or in the form of a formulation in which it is provided in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants (e.g. in an oral dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule etc.), under normal storage conditions, with an insignificant degree of chemical degradation or decomposition.
  • solid state stability we include that it may be possible to store compounds of the invention in an isolated solid form, or in the form of a solid formulation in which it is provided in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants (e.g. in an oral dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule etc.), under no ⁇ nal storage conditions, with an insignificant degree of solid state transformation (e.g. crystallisation, recrystallisation, solid state phase transition, hydration, dehydration, solvatisation or desolvatisation).
  • pharmaceutically acceptable carriers diluents or adjuvants
  • normal storage conditions include temperatures of between minus 80 and plus 5O 0 C (preferably between 0 and 40 0 C and more preferably room temperatures, such as 15 to 3O 0 C), pressures of between 0.1 and 2 bars (preferably at atmospheric pressure), relative humidities of between 5 and 95% (preferably 10 to 60%), and/or exposure to 460 lux of UV/visible light, for prolonged periods (i.e. greater than or equal to six months).
  • compounds of the invention may be found to be less than 15%, more preferably less than 10%, and especially less than 5%, chemically degraded/decomposed, or solid state transformed, as appropriate.
  • a process for the preparation of a crystalline compound of the invention which comprises crystallising a compound of the invention from an appropriate solvent system. Crystallisation temperatures and crystallisation times depend upon the salt that is to be crystallised, the concentration of that salt in solution, and the solvent system that is used.
  • Crystallisation may also be initiated and/or effected by way of standard techniques, for example with or without seeding with crystals of the appropriate crystalline compound of the invention.
  • crystalline forms of the compounds of the invention may be readily characterised using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) methods, for example as described hereinafter.
  • XRPD X-ray powder diffraction
  • crystallisations are preferably carried out by seeding with nuclei and/or seed crystals of the desired crystalline form in substantially complete absence of nuclei and/or seed crystals of other crystalline forms.
  • Seed crystals of appropriate compound may be prepared, for example, by way of slow evaporation of solvent from a portion of solution of appropriate salt.
  • Compounds of the invention may be isolated using techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art, for example decanting, filtering or centrifuging.
  • Compounds may be dried using standard techniques.
  • the resultant salt may be in a form which has improved chemical and/or solid state stability, as mentioned hereinbefore.
  • Compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be more efficacious, be less toxic, be longer acting, have a broader range of activity, be more potent, produce fewer side effects, be more easily absorbed, and/or have a better pharmacokinetic profile (e.g. higher oral bioavailability and/or lower clearance), than, and/or have other useful pharmacological, physical, or chemical, properties over, compounds known in the prior art.
  • Compounds of the invention may have the further advantage that they may be administered less frequently than compounds known in the prior art.
  • Compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they are in a form which provides for improved ease of handling. Further, compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be produced in forms which may have improved chemical and/or solid state stability (including e.g. due to lower hygroscopicity). Thus, such compounds of the invention may be stable when stored over prolonged periods.
  • Compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they may be crystallised in good yields, in a high purity, rapidly, conveniently, and at a low cost, It will also be understood that the compounds of the present invention may exist in solvated, for example hydrated, as well as unsolvated forms. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses all such solvated and unsolvated forms.
  • the compounds of the invention may be prepared as outlined below. However, the invention is not limited to these methods.
  • the salts may be prepared by reacting a compound prepared as described in PCT/GB2005/001153 and in the examples section of this application with the appropriate acid, for example methanesulphonic acid, naphthalene- 1,5-disulphonic acid, 1,2- ethanedisulfonic acid, sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent, for example butanone at a temperature in the range of 0-100 0 C and isolating the solid salt.
  • the salt may be isolated by cooling the reaction solution and optionally seeding the solution with the desired product and/or concentrating the solution.
  • the product may be isolated by adding an antisolvent to a solution of the product in an inert solvent.
  • the solid may be collected by methods known to those skilled in the art for example filtration or centrifugation.
  • a molar equivalent of acid with respect to the free base is used for methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid whereas for, 1,5-naphthalenedisulphonic, sulphuric acid and 1,2- ethanedisulfonic acid a half a molar equivalent is used with respect to the free base.
  • a slight excess of either the basic compound or the acid may be employed.
  • sulphuric acid a ratio of 1 molar equivalent of acid to 0.5 molar equivalents of base may be employed.
  • inert solvent refers to a liquid that dissolves or partially dissolves the free base and/or the acid and/or the product salt but does not react with the starting materials, reagents, intermediates or products in a manner that adversely affects the yield of the desired product.
  • the present invention provides the compound obtainable by reacting one of the following: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l
  • R 1 represents a) a Ci.i 0 alkoxy group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro b) a group of formula phenyl(C ⁇ 2 ) p O- in which p is 1, 2 or 3 and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z, c) a group R 5 S(O) 2 O or R 5 S(O) 2 NH in which R 5 represents a Ci-ioalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro, or R 5 represents phenyl or a heteroaryl group each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z or d) a group of formula (R 6 ) 3 Si in which R 6 represents a Ci- ⁇ alkyl group which may be the same or different;
  • R a represents halo, a Ci -3 alkyl group or a group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 2 represents a Ci -3 alkyl group, a C 1-3 alkoxy group, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or halo n is O, 1, 2 or 3;
  • R 3 represents
  • X is CO or SO 2
  • Y is absent or represents NH optionally substituted by a Ci -3 alkyl group
  • R 7 and R 8 independently represent : a Ci- ⁇ alkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a C 3- i 5 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; an optionally substituted (C 3- i 5 cycloalkyl)Ci- 3 alkylene group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a group -(CH 2 ) r (phenyl ) s in which r is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1 when r is 0 otherwise s is 1 or 2 and the phenyl groups are optionally independently substituted by one, two or three groups represented by Z; a saturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci -3 alkyl groups, hydroxy or benzyl ; a group - (CH 2 ) t He
  • oxazolyl isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl or oxazolinyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups Z;
  • R 4 represents H, a Ci- 6 alkyl group, a C ⁇ allcoxy group or a Ci-ealkoxyC ⁇ alkylene group which contains a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, each of which groups is optionally substituted by one or more fluoro or cyano;
  • Z represents a Ci ⁇ alkyl group, a Ci ⁇ allcoxy group, hydroxy, halo, trifiuoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, difiuoromethoxy, trifiuoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, nitro, amino, mono or di Ci -3 alkylamino, Ci- 3 alkylsulphonyl, Ci- 3 alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, carbamoyl, mono or di Ci -3 alkyl carbamoyl and acetyl; and
  • W represents hydroxy, fluoro, a Ci -3 alkyl group, a Ci -3 alkoxy group, amino, mono or di C 1 . 3 alkylamino, or a heterocyclic amine selected from morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperdinyl or piperazinyl in which the heterocyclic amine is optionally substituted by a C 1-3 alkyl group or hydroxyl;
  • R 2 is not methoxy in either the 2-position or the 4- position of the phenyl ring and the further proviso that R 1 is not methylsulfonylamino, methoxy or CF 3 O-; in the form of a methanesulphonate salt (mesylate salt) , a hemi-1,5- naphthalenedisulphonate salt, a hemi-l,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, a 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, an ethylsulphonate salt, or a nitrate salt.
  • the compounds of the invention will normally be administered via the oral, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or in other injectable ways, buccal, rectal, vaginal, transdermal and/or nasal route and/or via inhalation, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form.
  • the compositions may be administered at varying doses.
  • Suitable daily doses of the compounds of the invention in the therapeutic treatment of humans are about 0.001-10 mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01-1 mg/kg body weight.
  • Oral formulations are preferred particularly tablets or capsules which may be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art to provide doses of the active compound in the range of 0.5mg to 500mg for example 1 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25mg, 50mg, lOOmg and 250mg.
  • a pharmaceutical formulation including any of the compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, diluents and/or carriers.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g.
  • psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (
  • the compounds are also potentially useful for the prevention or treatment of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
  • dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania
  • drug withdrawal disorders e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal
  • the compounds are also potentially useful for the prevention or treatment of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
  • neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity
  • treatment of spinal cord injury such as spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
  • the compounds are also potentially useful for the treatment of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g.
  • cardiovascular disorders e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vascula
  • diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus
  • dyslipidemia fatty liver
  • gout hypercholesterolemia
  • hyperlipidemia hypertriglyceridemia
  • hyperuricacidemia impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g.
  • hypogonadism in males treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emmeniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastroesophageal reflux, ulcers).
  • respiratory e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • gastrointestinal systems e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastroesophageal reflux, ulcers.
  • the compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disorders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders.
  • the compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of (esophageal) achalasia.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the invention as previously defined for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g.
  • psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders, and neuroinflammatory disorders, and neuroinflammatory disorders, and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer'
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
  • addictive disorders and behaviours e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania
  • drug withdrawal disorders e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
  • neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity
  • treatment of spinal cord injury such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity
  • spinal cord injury such as spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apn
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g.
  • diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus
  • dyslipidemia fatty liver
  • gout hypercholesterolemia
  • hyperlipidemia hypertriglyceridemia
  • hyperuricacidemia impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g.
  • hypogonadism in males treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emrneniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcers).
  • respiratory e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • gastrointestinal systems e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcer
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disoerders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders.
  • cancers e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct
  • craniopharyngioma e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct
  • the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g.
  • psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (
  • the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
  • dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania
  • drug withdrawal disorders e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal deli
  • the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
  • neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity
  • spinal cord injury such as spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
  • the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g.
  • cardiovascular disorders e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular
  • diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus
  • dyslipidemia fatty liver
  • gout hypercholesterolemia
  • hyperlipidemia hypertriglyceridemia
  • hyperuricacidemia impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g.
  • hypogonadism in males treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emmeniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcers).
  • respiratory e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • gastrointestinal systems e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcers).
  • the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disorders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders.
  • dermatological disorders e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct
  • craniopharyngioma e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallblad
  • the compounds of the present invention are particulary suitable for the treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention or reversal of weight gain (e.g., rebound, medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive), cravings (for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or non-essential food items).
  • obesity disorders e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive
  • cravings for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or non-essential food items.
  • the compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio- depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, and neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders(e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease.
  • the compounds are also potentially useful for the treatment of immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock and diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. diarrhea).
  • the compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms.
  • the compounds may also eliminate the increase in weight that normally accompanies the cessation of smoking.
  • the present invention provides a compound of the invention as previously defined for use as a medicament.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g.
  • diarrhea and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms.
  • treating drug e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms.
  • the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. diarrhea), and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g.
  • psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions
  • neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis
  • treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof.
  • the compounds of the present invention are particulary suitable for the treatment of obesity, e.g. by reduction of appetite and body weight, maintenance of weight reduction and prevention of rebound.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be used to prevent or reverse medication-induced weight gain, e.g. weight gain caused by antipsychotic (neuroleptic) treatment(s).
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be used to prevent or reverse weight gain associated with smoking cessation.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be suitable for use in treating the above indications in juvenile or adolescent patient populations.
  • the compounds of the present invention may also be suitable for use in the regulation of bone mass and bone loss and therefore useful in the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases.
  • the compounds of the invention may be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of obesity such as other anti-obesity drugs, that affect energy expenditure, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucogenolysis, lipolysis, lipogenesis, fat absorption, fat storage, fat excretion, hunger and/or satiety and/or craving mechanisms, appetite/motivation, food intake, or G-I motility.
  • another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of obesity
  • anti-obesity drugs that affect energy expenditure, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucogenolysis, lipolysis, lipogenesis, fat absorption, fat storage, fat excretion, hunger and/or satiety and/or craving mechanisms, appetite/motivation, food intake, or G-I motility.
  • the compounds of the invention may further be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of disorders associated with obesity such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemias, dyslipidaemias, diabetes, sleep apnea, asthma, heart disorders, atherosclerosis, macro and micro vascular diseases, liver steatosis, cancer, joint disorders, and gallbladder disorders.
  • a compound of the present invention may be used in combination with a another therapeutic agent that lowers blood pressure or that decreases the ratio of LDL:HDL or an agent that causes a decrease in circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol.
  • the compounds of the invention may also be combined with therapeutic agents used to treat complications related to micro- angiopathies.
  • the compounds of the invention may be used alongside other therapies for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, these include biguanide drags, insulin (synthetic insulin analogues) and oral antihyperglycemics (these are divided into prandial glucose regulators and alpha- glucosidase inhibitors).
  • the compound of the invention may be administered in association with a PPAR modulating agent.
  • PPAR modulating agents include but are not limited to a PPAR alpha and/or gamma agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, solvates of such salts or prodrugs thereof. Suitable PPAR alpha and/or gamma agonists, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, solvates of such salts or prodrugs thereof are well known in the art.
  • the combination of the invention may be used in conjunction with a sulfonylurea.
  • the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a cholesterol-lowering agent.
  • the cholesterol-lowering agents referred to in this application include but are not limited to inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase).
  • HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin.
  • cholesterol-lowering agent also includes chemical modifications of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as esters, prodrugs and metabolites, whether active or inactive.
  • the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transport system (IBAT inhibitor).
  • IBAT inhibitor an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transport system
  • the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a bile acid binding resin.
  • the present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a bile acid sequestering agent, for example colestipol or cholestyramine or cholestagel.
  • a bile acid sequestering agent for example colestipol or cholestyramine or cholestagel.
  • a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration one or more of the following agents selected from: a CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitor; a cholesterol absorption antagonist; a MTP (microsomal transfer protein) inhibitor ; a nicotinic acid derivative, including slow release and combination products; a phytosterol compound ; probucol; an anti-coagulant; an omega-3 fatty acid ; another anti-obesity compound for example sibutramine, phentermine, orlistat, bupropion, ephedrine, thyroxine; an antihypertensive compound for example an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, an adrenergic blocker, an alpha adrenergic blocker,
  • ACE angiotensin converting enzyme
  • NaSSA an antipsychotic agent for example olanzapine and clozapine; a serotonin receptor modulator; a leptin/leptin receptor modulator; a ghrelin/ghrelin receptor modulator; a DPP-IV inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier to a warmblooded animal, such as man in need of such therapeutic treatment.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier to a warmblooded animal, such as man in need of such therapeutic treatment.
  • a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of very low calorie diets (VLCD) or low-calorie diets (LCD).
  • VLCD very low calorie diets
  • LCD low-calorie diets
  • a method for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the invention in simultaneous, sequential or separate administration with an effective amount of a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof.
  • a method of treating hyperlipidemic conditions in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the invention in simultaneous, sequential or separate administration with an effective amount of a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof.
  • a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the invention and a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
  • kits comprising a compound of the invention and a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof.
  • a kit comprising: a) a compound of the invention in a first unit dosage form; b) a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof; in a second unit dosage form; and c) container means for containing said first and second dosage forms.
  • kits comprising: a) a compound of the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, in a first unit dosage form; b) a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in a second unit dosage form; and c) container means for containing said first and second dosage forms.
  • a compound of the invention and one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of obesity and its associated complications in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
  • a compound of the invention and one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic conditions in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
  • a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of an effective amount of one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier to a warm- blooded animal, such as man in need of such therapeutic treatment.
  • a compound of the invention may also be combined with therapeutic agents that are useful in the treatment of disorders or conditions associated with obesity (such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis and some cancers) and psychiatric and neurological conditions.
  • obesity such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis and some cancers
  • psychiatric and neurological conditions such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis and some cancers.
  • a patient may be identified by, for example, measuring body mass index
  • BMI which is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared, and comparing the result with the definitions.
  • the assay may be performed as follows. lO ⁇ g of membranes prepared from cells stably transfected with the CBl gene were suspended in 200 ⁇ l of 10OmM NaCl, 5mM MgCl 2 , ImM EDTA, 5OmM HEPES (pH 7.4),
  • the compounds of the present invention are active at the CBl receptor (IC50 ⁇ 1 micromolar). Most preferred compounds have IC50 ⁇ 200 nanomolar.
  • the compounds of the invention are believed to be selective CBl antagonists or inverse agonists.
  • the potency, selectivity profile and side effect propensity may limit the clinical usefulness of hitherto known compounds with alleged CBl antagonistic/inverse agonistic properties.
  • preclinical evaluation of compounds of the present invention in models of gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular function indicates that they offer significant advantages compared to representative reference CBl antagonist/inverse agonist agents.
  • the compounds of the present invention may provide additional benefits in terms of potency, selectivity profile, bioavailability, half-life in plasma, blood brain permeability, plasma protein binding (for example higher free fraction of drug) or solubility compared to representative reference CBl antagonists/inverse agonist agents.
  • the utility of the compounds of the present invention in the treatment of obesity and related conditions is demonstrated by a decrease in body weight in cafeteria diet- induced obese mice.
  • Female C57B1/6J mice were given ad libitum access to calorie-dense 'cafeteria' diet (soft chocolate/cocoa-type pastry, chocolate, fatty cheese and nougat) and standard lab chow for 8-10weeks.
  • Mass spectra were recorded on either a Micromass ZQ single quadrupole or a Micromass LCZ single quadrupole mass spectrometer both equipped with a pneumatically assisted electrospray interface (LC-MS).
  • 1 H NMR measurements were performed on either a Varian Mercury 300 or a Varian Inova 500, operating at 1 H frequencies of 300 and 500 MHz respectively. Chemical shifts are given in ppm with CDCl 3 as internal standard. CDCl 3 is used as the solvent for NMR unless otherwise stated.
  • Purification was performed on a semipreparative HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography ) with a mass triggered fraction collector, Shimadzu QP 8000 single quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with 19 x 100 mm C8 column.
  • the mobile phase used was, if nothing else is stated, acetonitrile and buffer (0.1 M ammonium acetate:acetonitrile 95:5).
  • acetonitrile and buffer 0.1 M ammonium acetate:acetonitrile 95:5
  • a Kromasil CN E9344 250 x 20 mm i.d.
  • Heptane:ethyl acetate:DEA 95:5:0.1 was used as mobile phase (1 ml/min).
  • Fraction collection was guided using a UV-detector (330 nm).
  • HPLC-parameters for purity analysis HPLC-system: Agilent 1100 Column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 150x4.6 mm Time of analysis: 15 min Flow: 1.5 ml/min Mobilphase: A: water, 5% MeOH
  • the free base (usually 15-30 mg) was dissolved in butanone (usually 0.8-2 ml) and if necessary together with methanol (usually less than 1 ml).
  • the solution was put in an ultrasonic bath (Decon FS200b).
  • Acid (1 equiv. HCl or 1 equiv. methane sulphonic acid or 0.5 equiv. naphthalene- 1,5-disulphonic acid, 1 equiv of sulphuric acid or 0.5 equiv. sulfuric acid), dissolved in methanol (usually 0.1-0.2 ml), was added.
  • Heptane (usually 0.5-2 ml) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture was left in the ultrasonic bath. The solid formed was collected by filtration and was dried under high vacuum.
  • the melting points were determined on a Reichert melting point microscope and are uncorrected. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the rate of heating can affect the melting point obtained and that certain salts, for example hydrochloride salts, may dissociate on slow heating so that ultimately the melting point obtained may be that of the free base or that of a mixture of free base and hydrochloride salt. In such cases combustion analysis may be used to confirm the identity of the salt. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drying temperature should not be too high, for example greater than 45 0 C, otherwise decomposition of the salt may occur. Vacuum drying is preferred.
  • Example 1 l-(4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide Hydrochloride: melting point 195-198 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 219-225 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 218-226 0 C.
  • Example 3 Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 218-226 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 167-17O 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 178-182 0 C.
  • Hydrogen sulphate melting point 208-214 0 C.
  • Example 6 3, 3 -Dimethyl-butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbarnoyl)-imidazol-l-yl]-phenyl ester
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 149-158 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 172-18O 0 C.
  • Hydrogen sulphate melting point 107-114 0 C.
  • Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate melting point 159-163 0 C.
  • Triethylamine (101 ⁇ l, 0.72 mmol) was added followed by ethanesulfonyl chloride (69 ⁇ l, 0.72 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added, the mixture extracted with CH 2 Cl 2 (3x20 ml), dried (Na 2 SO 4 ), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1:3) afforded 230 mg (60%) of the title compound as a white solid.
  • Step 1 l-r4-(Benzyloxy)phenyll-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5- (trifluoromethvDpyridin-2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide
  • 2-Amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine 404 mg, 2.49 mmol
  • dichloromethane 2.5 ml
  • trimethylaluminium (1.25 ml, 2.0 M in toluene, 2.5 mmol
  • the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h and, as a result, a 0.66 M solution of an amidation reagent was obtained.
  • Step 2 2-(2,4-dichlorophenylVl-f4-hvdroxyphenylV5-methyl-N-r5- ftrifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide l-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide (319 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in hydrogen bromide (7.5 ml, 4.1 M in acetic acid, 30.75 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h.
  • hydrogen bromide 7.5 ml, 4.1 M in acetic acid, 30.75 mmol
  • Step 3 4-r2-(2,4-dichloro ⁇ henyl)-5-methyl-4-f ⁇ [5-(trifluoromethvDpyridin-2- yl] amino ⁇ carbonyD- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl 3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonate 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]- lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide (136 mg, 0.27 mmol) and triethylamine (40 ⁇ l, 0.32 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 ml) were cooled to -78 0 C.

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Abstract

Salts of 1,2-diarylimidazole-4-carboxamides and processes for preparing such compounds, their use in the treatment of obesity, psychiatric and neurological disorders, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Description

1,2-DIARYLIMIDAZOLES FOR USE AS CBI MODULATORS
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to certain salts of l,2-diarylimidazole-4- carboxamides, to processes for preparing such compounds, to their use in the treatment of obesity, psychiatric and neurological disorders, to methods for their therapeutic use and to pharmaceutical compositions containing them.
Background of the invention It is known that certain CBj modulators (known as antagonists or inverse agonists) are useful in the treatment of obesity, psychiatric and neurological disorders (WO01/70700 and EP 656354).
WO04/60367 and WO2004/099130 disclose that certain diaryl imidazoles and triazoles are useful as COX-I inhibitors useful in the treatment of inflammation. Compounds exemplified in these applications are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention.
DD 140966 discloses that certain imidazolecarboxylic acid anilides are useful as plant growth regulators. Compounds exemplified in this application are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention. WO 03/007887 and WO03/075660 disclose certain 4,5-diarylimidazole-2- carboxamides as CBi modulators.
WO03/27076 and WO 03/63781 disclose certain l,2-diarylimidazole-4- carboxamides which are CBi modulators. Compounds exemplified in these applications are disclaimed from the claims of the present invention. WO03/40107 discloses certain l,2-diarylimidazole-4-carboxamides as being useful in the treatment of obesity and obesity-related disorders.
Co-pending PCT application No. PCT/GB2005/001153 discloses compounds of formula A
Figure imgf000003_0001
and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, in which
R1 represents a) a C1-1OaIkOXy group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro b) a group of formula phenyl(CH2)pO- in which p is 1, 2 or 3 and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z, c) a group R5S(O)2O or R5S(O)2NH in which R5 represents a Ci-^alkyl group optionally substituted by one ; o orx more fluoro, or R5 represents phenyl or a heteroaryl group each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z or d) a group of formula (R6)3 Si in which R6 represents a Ci^alkyl group which may be the same or different; Ra represents halo, a C1-3alkyl group or a C1-3alkoxy group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
R2 represents a C1-3alkyl group, a C1-3alkoxy group, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or halo n is O, 1, 2 or 3;
R represents
a) a group X-Y-NR7R8
in which X is CO or SO2, Y is absent or represents NH optionally substituted by a C1-3alkyl group;
and R7 and R8 independently represent : a Ci-βalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a C3-15cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; an optionally substituted (C3-15cycloalkyl)C1-3allcylene group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a group -(CH2)r(phenyl )s in which r is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1 when r is 0 otherwise s is 1 or 2 and the phenyl groups are optionally independently substituted by one, two or three groups represented by Z; a saturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci^alkyl groups, hydroxy or benzyl ; a group - (CH2)t Het in which t is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, and the alkylene chain is optionally substituted by one or more Ci-3alkyl groups and Het represents a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one, two or three groups selected from a Ci^alkyl group, a
Ci.salkoxy group or halo wherein the alkyl and alkoxy group are optionally independently substituted by one of more fluoro; or R7 represents H and R8 is as defined above; or R7 and R8 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or partially unsaturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen; wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci-3alkyl groups, hydroxy, fluoro or benzyl;
or b) oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl or oxazolinyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups Z;
R4 represents H, a Ci_6alkyl group, a Ci-βalkoxy group or a d-δalkoxyQ.ealkylene group which contains a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, each of which groups is optionally substituted by one or more fluoro or cyano;
Z represents a Ci-3alkyl group, a Ci-3alkoxy group, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifiuoromethylsulphonyl, nitro, amino, mono or di Ci.3alkylamino, Ci.3alkylsulphonyl, Ci^alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, carbamoyl, mono or di Ci-3alkyl carbamoyl and acetyl; and W represents hydroxy, fluoro, a C^alkyl group, a Ci.salkoxy group, amino, mono or di C1- 3alkylamino, or a heterocyclic amine selected from morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperdinyl or piperazinyl in which the heterocyclic amine is optionally substituted by a Ci^alkyl group 5 or hydroxyl;
with the proviso that when n is 1 then R2 is not methoxy in either the 2-position or the 4- position of the phenyl ring and the further proviso that R1 is not methylsulfonylamino, methoxy or CF3O-. 0
Salts are mentioned in general terms in PCT/GB2005/001153 in the following way: "Pharmaceutically acceptable salt", where such salts are possible, includes both pharmaceutically acceptable acid and base addition salts. A suitable pharmaceutically acceptable salt of a compound of Formula A is, for example, an acid-addition salt of a s compound of Formula A which is sufficiently basic, for example an acid-addition salt with an inorganic or organic acid such as hydrochloric, hydrobromic, sulphuric, trifluoroacetic, citric or maleic acid; or, for example a salt of a compound of Formula A which is sufficiently acidic, for example an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt such as a sodium, calcium or magnesium salt, or an ammonium salt, or a salt with an organic base such as Q methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, piperidine, morpholine or tris-(2-hydroxyethyl)amine.
Further salts with suitable properties for pharmaceutical formulation have now been found.
In the formulation of drug compositions, it is important for the drug substance to be 5 in a form in which it can be conveniently handled and processed. This is of importance, not only from the point of view of obtaining a commercially viable manufacturing process, but also from the point of view of subsequent manufacture of pharmaceutical formulations comprising the active compound.
Further, in the manufacture of drug compositions, it is important that a reliable, o reproducible and constant plasma concentration profile of drug is provided following administration to a patient. Chemical stability, solid-state stability, and "shelf life" of the active ingredients are also very important factors. The drug substance, and compositions containing it, should preferably be capable of being effectively stored over appreciable periods of time, without exhibiting a significant change in the active component's physico-chemical characteristics (e.g. its chemical composition, density, hygroscopicity and solubility).
Moreover, it is also important to be able to provide the drug in a form that is as chemically pure as possible.
The skilled person will appreciate that, typically, if a drug can be readily obtained in a stable form, such as a stable crystalline form, advantages may be provided, in terms of ease of handling, ease of preparation of suitable pharmaceutical formulations, and a more reliable solubility profile.
Description of the invention
The present invention provides a compound selected from:
1 -(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester;
2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-l-[4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)phenyl]-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide;
3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yl]phenyl ester;
4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol- 1 - yl}phenyl thiophene-2-sulfonate; 4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol- 1 - yl} phenyl pyridine-3 -sulfonate; 4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]- lH-imidazol-1 - yljphenyl pyridine-3-sulfonate;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl} phenyl 3 -methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate; 4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl~4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl] - lH-imidazol- 1 - yl}phenyl 3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonate;
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-({[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}carbonyl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl]phenyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonate; and
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-({[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino}carbonyl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl]phenyl 3 -methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate; in the form of a methanesulphonate salt (mesylate salt) , a hemi-1,5- naphthalenedisulphonate salt, a hemi-l,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, a 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, a hydrochloride salt, an ethylsulphonate salt, a nitrate salt, a sulphate salt or a hydrogen sulphate salt. In a particular aspect the present invention provides one or more of the following: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lΗ-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide hydrochloride;
1 -(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide mesylate; 1 -(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- 1 H-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-l-ylamide hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester mesylate; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; 4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l -sulfonic acid mesylate;
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi- 1 ,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyi)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylate;
5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-memyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yljphenyl ester hemi- 1 , 5 -naphthalenedisulphonate;
5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester hydrochloride;
3 ,3-dimethylbutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylates; 3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester hemi- 1 ,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-1 -yljphenyl ester hydrochloride; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-1 -yljphenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-1 -yljphenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester hydrogen sulphate; 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester mesylate; 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulplionate; 3 ,3 ,3 -trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester ethylsulphonate; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in-l-ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in-l-ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylates; or propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in-l-ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate.
It will be understood that the present invention includes one or any combination of more than one of the above salts.
We have found that certain compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be prepared in crystalline form. According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a compound of the invention in substantially crystalline form.
Although we have found that it is possible to produce compounds of the invention in forms which are greater than 80% crystalline, by "substantially crystalline" we include greater than 20%, preferably greater than 30%, and more preferably greater than 40% (e.g. greater than any of 50, 60, 70, 80 or 90%) crystalline.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is also provided a compound of the invention in partially crystalline form. By "partially crystalline" we include 5% or between 5% and 20% crystalline.
The degree (%) of crystallinity may be determined by the skilled person using X- ray powder diffraction (XRPD). Other techniques, such as solid state NMR, FT-IR,
Raman spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and microcalorimetry, may also be used.
Compounds of the invention, and particularly crystalline compounds of the invention, may have improved stability when compared to compounds disclosed in PCT/GB2005/001153.
The term "stability" as defined herein includes chemical stability and solid state stability. By "chemical stability", we include that it may be possible to store compounds of the invention in an isolated form, or in the form of a formulation in which it is provided in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants (e.g. in an oral dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule etc.), under normal storage conditions, with an insignificant degree of chemical degradation or decomposition.
By "solid state stability", we include that it may be possible to store compounds of the invention in an isolated solid form, or in the form of a solid formulation in which it is provided in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or adjuvants (e.g. in an oral dosage form, such as a tablet, capsule etc.), under noπnal storage conditions, with an insignificant degree of solid state transformation (e.g. crystallisation, recrystallisation, solid state phase transition, hydration, dehydration, solvatisation or desolvatisation).
Examples of "normal storage conditions" include temperatures of between minus 80 and plus 5O0C (preferably between 0 and 400C and more preferably room temperatures, such as 15 to 3O0C), pressures of between 0.1 and 2 bars (preferably at atmospheric pressure), relative humidities of between 5 and 95% (preferably 10 to 60%), and/or exposure to 460 lux of UV/visible light, for prolonged periods (i.e. greater than or equal to six months). Under such conditions, compounds of the invention may be found to be less than 15%, more preferably less than 10%, and especially less than 5%, chemically degraded/decomposed, or solid state transformed, as appropriate. The skilled person will appreciate that the above-mentioned upper and lower limits for temperature, pressure and relative humidity represent extremes of normal storage conditions, and that certain combinations of these extremes will not be experienced during normal storage (e.g. a temperature of 5O0C and a pressure of 0.1 bar). It may be possible to crystallise salts of compounds of the present invention with or without the presence of a solvent system (e.g. crystallisation may be from a melt, under supercritical conditions, or achieved by sublimation). However, it is preferable that crystallisation occurs from an appropriate solvent system.
According to a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a process for the preparation of a crystalline compound of the invention which comprises crystallising a compound of the invention from an appropriate solvent system. Crystallisation temperatures and crystallisation times depend upon the salt that is to be crystallised, the concentration of that salt in solution, and the solvent system that is used.
Crystallisation may also be initiated and/or effected by way of standard techniques, for example with or without seeding with crystals of the appropriate crystalline compound of the invention.
Different crystalline forms of the compounds of the invention may be readily characterised using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) methods, for example as described hereinafter. In order to ensure that a particular crystalline form is prepared in the absence of other crystalline forms, crystallisations are preferably carried out by seeding with nuclei and/or seed crystals of the desired crystalline form in substantially complete absence of nuclei and/or seed crystals of other crystalline forms. Seed crystals of appropriate compound may be prepared, for example, by way of slow evaporation of solvent from a portion of solution of appropriate salt.
Compounds of the invention may be isolated using techniques which are well known to those skilled in the art, for example decanting, filtering or centrifuging.
Compounds may be dried using standard techniques.
Further purification of compounds of the invention may be effected using techniques, which are well known to those skilled in the art. For example impurities may be removed by way of recrystallisation from an appropriate solvent system. Suitable temperatures and times for the recrystallisation depend upon the concentration of the salt in solution, and upon the solvent system that is used.
When compounds of the invention are crystallised, or recrystallised, as described herein, the resultant salt may be in a form which has improved chemical and/or solid state stability, as mentioned hereinbefore.
Compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be more efficacious, be less toxic, be longer acting, have a broader range of activity, be more potent, produce fewer side effects, be more easily absorbed, and/or have a better pharmacokinetic profile (e.g. higher oral bioavailability and/or lower clearance), than, and/or have other useful pharmacological, physical, or chemical, properties over, compounds known in the prior art. Compounds of the invention may have the further advantage that they may be administered less frequently than compounds known in the prior art.
Compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they are in a form which provides for improved ease of handling. Further, compounds of the invention have the advantage that they may be produced in forms which may have improved chemical and/or solid state stability (including e.g. due to lower hygroscopicity). Thus, such compounds of the invention may be stable when stored over prolonged periods.
Compounds of the invention may also have the advantage that they may be crystallised in good yields, in a high purity, rapidly, conveniently, and at a low cost, It will also be understood that the compounds of the present invention may exist in solvated, for example hydrated, as well as unsolvated forms. It is to be understood that the present invention encompasses all such solvated and unsolvated forms. Methods of preparation
The compounds of the invention may be prepared as outlined below. However, the invention is not limited to these methods.
The salts may be prepared by reacting a compound prepared as described in PCT/GB2005/001153 and in the examples section of this application with the appropriate acid, for example methanesulphonic acid, naphthalene- 1,5-disulphonic acid, 1,2- ethanedisulfonic acid, sulphuric acid or hydrochloric acid in an inert solvent, for example butanone at a temperature in the range of 0-1000C and isolating the solid salt. The salt may be isolated by cooling the reaction solution and optionally seeding the solution with the desired product and/or concentrating the solution. Optionally the product may be isolated by adding an antisolvent to a solution of the product in an inert solvent. The solid may be collected by methods known to those skilled in the art for example filtration or centrifugation.
Particularly a molar equivalent of acid with respect to the free base is used for methanesulphonic acid, ethanesulphonic acid, sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid whereas for, 1,5-naphthalenedisulphonic, sulphuric acid and 1,2- ethanedisulfonic acid a half a molar equivalent is used with respect to the free base. It will be appreciated that a slight excess of either the basic compound or the acid may be employed. For example with sulphuric acid a ratio of 1 molar equivalent of acid to 0.5 molar equivalents of base may be employed. The expression "inert solvent" refers to a liquid that dissolves or partially dissolves the free base and/or the acid and/or the product salt but does not react with the starting materials, reagents, intermediates or products in a manner that adversely affects the yield of the desired product. In another aspect the present invention provides the compound obtainable by reacting one of the following: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- 1 -[4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)phenyl]- lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide;
3,3, 3-trifluoropropane-l -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yljphenyl ester;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yljphenyl thiophene-2-sulfonate;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl}phenyl pyridine-3-sulfonate; 4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl}phenyl pyridine-3-sulfonate;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl} phenyl 3 -methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl}phenyl 3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonate;
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-( { [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino} carbonyl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl]phenyl 3, 3, 3-trifluoropropane-l -sulfonate; and 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-( { [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino} carbonyl)- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl 3-methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate; with either a) a molar equivalent hydrochloric acid or b) a molar equivalent methanesulphonic acid or c) a molar equivalent of sulphuric acid or d) a half molar equivalent of sulphuric acid or e) a half a molar equivalent of 1,5-naphthalenedisulphonic acid or f) a half a molar equivalent of 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid or g) a molar equivalent of 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid or h) a molar equivalent ethanesulphonic acid in butanone optionally in the presence of methanol and/or heptane.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the molar equivalents used are within the range of experimental error and may include a slight excess of one of the reactants for example plus or minus 10% of the theoretical equivalent weight.
In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of formula I
Figure imgf000014_0001
in which
R1 represents a) a Ci.i0alkoxy group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro b) a group of formula phenyl(CΗ2)pO- in which p is 1, 2 or 3 and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z, c) a group R5S(O)2O or R5S(O)2NH in which R5 represents a Ci-ioalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro, or R5 represents phenyl or a heteroaryl group each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z or d) a group of formula (R6)3 Si in which R6 represents a Ci- όalkyl group which may be the same or different;
Ra represents halo, a Ci-3alkyl group or a
Figure imgf000015_0001
group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
R2 represents a Ci-3alkyl group, a C1-3alkoxy group, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or halo n is O, 1, 2 or 3;
R3 represents
a) a group X-Y-NR7R8
in which X is CO or SO2, Y is absent or represents NH optionally substituted by a Ci-3alkyl group;
and R7 and R8 independently represent : a Ci-βalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a C3-i5cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; an optionally substituted (C3-i5cycloalkyl)Ci-3alkylene group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a group -(CH2)r(phenyl )s in which r is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1 when r is 0 otherwise s is 1 or 2 and the phenyl groups are optionally independently substituted by one, two or three groups represented by Z; a saturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci-3alkyl groups, hydroxy or benzyl ; a group - (CH2)t Het in which t is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, and the alkylene chain is optionally substituted by one or more Ci-3alkyl groups and Het represents a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one, two or three groups selected from a Ci^alkyl group, a Ci.5alkoxy group or halo wherein the alkyl and alkoxy group are optionally independently substituted by one of more fluoro; or R7 represents H and R8 is as defined above; or R7 and R8 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or partially unsaturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen; wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more C^alkyl groups, hydroxy, fluoro or benzyl;
or b) oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl or oxazolinyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups Z;
R4 represents H, a Ci-6alkyl group, a C^allcoxy group or a Ci-ealkoxyC^alkylene group which contains a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, each of which groups is optionally substituted by one or more fluoro or cyano;
Z represents a Ci^alkyl group, a Ci^allcoxy group, hydroxy, halo, trifiuoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, difiuoromethoxy, trifiuoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, nitro, amino, mono or di Ci-3alkylamino, Ci-3alkylsulphonyl, Ci-3alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, cyano, carbamoyl, mono or di Ci-3alkyl carbamoyl and acetyl; and
W represents hydroxy, fluoro, a Ci-3alkyl group, a Ci-3alkoxy group, amino, mono or di C1. 3alkylamino, or a heterocyclic amine selected from morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperdinyl or piperazinyl in which the heterocyclic amine is optionally substituted by a C1-3alkyl group or hydroxyl;
with the proviso that when n is 1 then R2 is not methoxy in either the 2-position or the 4- position of the phenyl ring and the further proviso that R1 is not methylsulfonylamino, methoxy or CF3O-; in the form of a methanesulphonate salt (mesylate salt) , a hemi-1,5- naphthalenedisulphonate salt, a hemi-l,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, a 1,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, an ethylsulphonate salt, or a nitrate salt. Pharmaceutical preparations
The compounds of the invention will normally be administered via the oral, parenteral, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous or in other injectable ways, buccal, rectal, vaginal, transdermal and/or nasal route and/or via inhalation, in the form of pharmaceutical preparations comprising the active ingredient or a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, in a pharmaceutically acceptable dosage form. Depending upon the disorder and patient to be treated and the route of administration, the compositions may be administered at varying doses.
Suitable daily doses of the compounds of the invention in the therapeutic treatment of humans are about 0.001-10 mg/kg body weight, preferably 0.01-1 mg/kg body weight.
Oral formulations are preferred particularly tablets or capsules which may be formulated by methods known to those skilled in the art to provide doses of the active compound in the range of 0.5mg to 500mg for example 1 mg, 3 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 25mg, 50mg, lOOmg and 250mg. According to a further aspect of the invention there is also provided a pharmaceutical formulation including any of the compounds of the invention, or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, in admixture with pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants, diluents and/or carriers. Pharmacological properties The compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive), cravings (for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or non-essential food items), for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., Guillain- Barre syndrome).
The compounds are also potentially useful for the prevention or treatment of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
The compounds are also potentially useful for the prevention or treatment of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
The compounds are also potentially useful for the treatment of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g. conditions showing reduced metabolic activity or a decrease in resting energy expenditure as a percentage of total fat-free mass, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gout, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricacidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g. treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emmeniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastroesophageal reflux, ulcers).
The compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disorders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders. The compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of (esophageal) achalasia. In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of the invention as previously defined for use as a medicament.
In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive), cravings (for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or non-essential food items), for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., Guillain-Barre syndrome).
In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g. conditions showing reduced metabolic activity or a decrease in resting energy expenditure as a percentage of total fat-free mass, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gout, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricacidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g. treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emrneniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcers). In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disoerders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders.
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention of weight gain (e.g., medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive), cravings (for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or nonessential food items), for the treatment of psychiatric disorders such as psychotic and/or mood disorders, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, mania, obsessive-compulsive disorders, impulse control disorders (e.g., Gilles de Ia Tourette's syndrome), attention disorders like ADD/ADHD, stress, and neurological disorders such as dementia and cognitive and/or memory dysfunction (e.g., amnesia, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's dementia, dementia of ageing, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment, age-related cognitive decline, and mild dementia of ageing), neurological and/or neurodegenerative disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis, Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease), demyelinisation-related disorders, neuroinflammatory disorders (e.g., Guillain- Barre syndrome).
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of dependence and addictive disorders and behaviours (e.g., alcohol and/or drug abuse, pathological gambling, kleptomania), drug withdrawal disorders (e.g., alcohol withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; alcohol withdrawal delirium; amphetamine withdrawal; ***e withdrawal; nicotine withdrawal; opioid withdrawal; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal with or without perceptual disturbances; sedative, hypnotic or anxiolytic withdrawal delirium; and withdrawal symptoms due to other substances), alcohol and/or drug-induced mood, anxiety and/or sleep disorder with onset during withdrawal, and alcohol and/or drug relapse.
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurological dysfunctions such as dystonias, dyskinesias, akathisia, tremor and spasticity, treatment of spinal cord injury, neuropathy, migraine, vigilance disorders, sleep disorders (e.g., disturbed sleep architecture, sleep apnea, obstructive sleep apnea, sleep apnea syndrome), pain disorders, cranial trauma.
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of immune, cardiovascular disorders (e.g. atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, abnormal heart rhythms, and arrhythmias, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart disease, hypertension, prevention and treatment of left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, transient ischaemic attack, peripheral vascular disease, systemic inflammation of the vasculature, septic shock, stroke, cerebral apoplexy, cerebral infarction, cerebral ischaemia, cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, cerebral hemorrhagia, metabolic disorders (e.g. conditions showing reduced metabolic activity or a decrease in resting energy expenditure as a percentage of total fat-free mass, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, fatty liver, gout, hypercholesterolemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricacidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, insulin resistance syndrome, metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, obesity- hypoventilation syndrome (Pickwickian syndrome), type I diabetes, type II diabetes, low HDL- and/or high LDL-cholesterol levels, low adiponectin levels), reproductive and endocrine disorders (e.g. treatment of hypogonadism in males, treatment of infertility or as contraceptive, menstrual abnormalities/emmeniopathy, polycystic ovarian disease, sexual and reproductive dysfunction in women and men (erectile dysfunction), GH-deficient subjects, hirsutism in females, normal variant short stature) and diseases related to the respiratory (e.g. asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. dysfunction of gastrointestinal motility or intestinal propulsion, diarrhea, emesis, nausea, gallbladder disease, cholelithiasis, obesity-related gastro-esophageal reflux, ulcers).
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof for the prophylaxis or treatment of dermatological disorders, cancers (e.g. colon, rectum, prostate, breast, ovary, endometrium, cervix, gallbladder, bile duct), craniopharyngioma, Prader-Willi syndrome, Turner syndrome, Frohlich's syndrome, glaucoma, infectious diseases, urinary tract disorders and inflammatory disorders (e.g. arthritis deformans, inflammation, inflammatory sequelae of viral encephalitis, osteoarthritis) and orthopedic disorders..
The compounds of the present invention are particulary suitable for the treatment of obesity or being overweight, (e.g., promotion of weight loss and maintenance of weight loss), prevention or reversal of weight gain (e.g., rebound, medication-induced or subsequent to cessation of smoking), for modulation of appetite and/or satiety, eating disorders (e.g. binge eating, anorexia, bulimia and compulsive), cravings (for drugs, tobacco, alcohol, any appetizing macronutrients or non-essential food items). The compounds of the invention are useful for the treatment of obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio- depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, and neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders(e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Raynaud's syndrome, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea and Alzheimer's disease. The compounds are also potentially useful for the treatment of immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock and diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. diarrhea). The compounds are also potentially useful as agents in treatment of extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms. The compounds may also eliminate the increase in weight that normally accompanies the cessation of smoking.
In another aspect the present invention provides a compound of the invention as previously defined for use as a medicament.
In a further aspect the present invention provides the use of a compound of the invention in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive- compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. diarrhea), and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms.
In a still further aspect the present invention provides a method of treating obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders like ADHD, epilepsy, and related conditions, neurological disorders such as dementia, neurological disorders (e.g. Multiple Sclerosis), Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (e.g. diarrhea), and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, e.g. treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) dependence and/or treating drug (nicotine, ethanol, ***e, opiates, etc) withdrawal symptoms comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound of the invention to a patient in need thereof.
The compounds of the present invention are particulary suitable for the treatment of obesity, e.g. by reduction of appetite and body weight, maintenance of weight reduction and prevention of rebound.
The compounds of the present invention may also be used to prevent or reverse medication-induced weight gain, e.g. weight gain caused by antipsychotic (neuroleptic) treatment(s). The compounds of the present invention may also be used to prevent or reverse weight gain associated with smoking cessation. The compounds of the present invention may be suitable for use in treating the above indications in juvenile or adolescent patient populations.
The compounds of the present invention may also be suitable for use in the regulation of bone mass and bone loss and therefore useful in the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Combination Therapy
The compounds of the invention may be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of obesity such as other anti-obesity drugs, that affect energy expenditure, glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucogenolysis, lipolysis, lipogenesis, fat absorption, fat storage, fat excretion, hunger and/or satiety and/or craving mechanisms, appetite/motivation, food intake, or G-I motility.
The compounds of the invention may further be combined with another therapeutic agent that is useful in the treatment of disorders associated with obesity such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemias, dyslipidaemias, diabetes, sleep apnea, asthma, heart disorders, atherosclerosis, macro and micro vascular diseases, liver steatosis, cancer, joint disorders, and gallbladder disorders. For example, a compound of the present invention may be used in combination with a another therapeutic agent that lowers blood pressure or that decreases the ratio of LDL:HDL or an agent that causes a decrease in circulating levels of LDL-cholesterol. In patients with diabetes mellitus the compounds of the invention may also be combined with therapeutic agents used to treat complications related to micro- angiopathies.
The compounds of the invention may be used alongside other therapies for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, these include biguanide drags, insulin (synthetic insulin analogues) and oral antihyperglycemics (these are divided into prandial glucose regulators and alpha- glucosidase inhibitors).
In another aspect of the invention, the compound of the invention may be administered in association with a PPAR modulating agent. PPAR modulating agents include but are not limited to a PPAR alpha and/or gamma agonist, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, solvates of such salts or prodrugs thereof. Suitable PPAR alpha and/or gamma agonists, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates, solvates of such salts or prodrugs thereof are well known in the art. In addition the combination of the invention may be used in conjunction with a sulfonylurea. The present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a cholesterol-lowering agent. The cholesterol-lowering agents referred to in this application include but are not limited to inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase (3- hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase). Suitably the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor is a statin.
In the present application, the term "cholesterol-lowering agent" also includes chemical modifications of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, such as esters, prodrugs and metabolites, whether active or inactive.
The present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with an inhibitor of the ileal bile acid transport system (IBAT inhibitor). The present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a bile acid binding resin.
The present invention also includes a compound of the present invention in combination with a bile acid sequestering agent, for example colestipol or cholestyramine or cholestagel.
According to an additional further aspect of the present invention there is provided a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration one or more of the following agents selected from: a CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitor; a cholesterol absorption antagonist; a MTP (microsomal transfer protein) inhibitor ; a nicotinic acid derivative, including slow release and combination products; a phytosterol compound ; probucol; an anti-coagulant; an omega-3 fatty acid ; another anti-obesity compound for example sibutramine, phentermine, orlistat, bupropion, ephedrine, thyroxine; an antihypertensive compound for example an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, an adrenergic blocker, an alpha adrenergic blocker, a beta adrenergic blocker, a mixed alpha/beta adrenergic blocker, an adrenergic stimulant, calcium channel blocker, an AT-I blocker, a saluretic, a diuretic or a vasodilator; a melanin concentrating hormone (MCH) modulator; an NPY receptor modulator; an orexin receptor modulator; a phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase (PDK) modulator; or modulators of nuclear receptors for example LXR, FXR, RXR, GR, ERRα, β, PP ARa, β, γ and RORalpha; a monoamine transmission-modulating agent, for example a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (NARI), a noradrenaline-serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), a tricyclic antidepressive agent (TCA), a noradrenergic and specific serotonergic antidepressant
(NaSSA); an antipsychotic agent for example olanzapine and clozapine; a serotonin receptor modulator; a leptin/leptin receptor modulator; a ghrelin/ghrelin receptor modulator; a DPP-IV inhibitor; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier to a warmblooded animal, such as man in need of such therapeutic treatment. According to an additional further aspect of the present invention there is provided a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of very low calorie diets (VLCD) or low-calorie diets (LCD).
Therefore in an additional feature of the invention, there is provided a method for the treatment of obesity and its associated complications in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the invention in simultaneous, sequential or separate administration with an effective amount of a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof.
Therefore in an additional feature of the invention, there is provided a method of treating hyperlipidemic conditions in a warm-blooded animal, such as man, in need of such treatment which comprises administering to said animal an effective amount of a compound of the invention in simultaneous, sequential or separate administration with an effective amount of a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof.
According to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a pharmaceutical composition which comprises a compound of the invention and a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit comprising a compound of the invention and a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof. According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit comprising: a) a compound of the invention in a first unit dosage form; b) a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof; in a second unit dosage form; and c) container means for containing said first and second dosage forms. According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a kit comprising: a) a compound of the invention together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, in a first unit dosage form; b) a compound from one of the other classes of compounds described in this combination section or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in a second unit dosage form; and c) container means for containing said first and second dosage forms.
According to another feature of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of the invention and one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of obesity and its associated complications in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
According to another feature of the invention there is provided the use of a compound of the invention and one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the treatment of hyperlipidaemic conditions in a warm-blooded animal, such as man.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a combination treatment comprising the administration of an effective amount of a compound of the invention optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier, with the simultaneous, sequential or separate administration of an effective amount of one of the other compounds described in this combination section, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, solvate of such a salt or a prodrug thereof, optionally together with a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent or carrier to a warm- blooded animal, such as man in need of such therapeutic treatment.
Furthermore, a compound of the invention may also be combined with therapeutic agents that are useful in the treatment of disorders or conditions associated with obesity (such as type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertension, coronary heart disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, osteoarthritis and some cancers) and psychiatric and neurological conditions.
It will be understood that there are medically accepted definitions of obesity and being overweight. A patient may be identified by, for example, measuring body mass index
(BMI), which is calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by height in metres squared, and comparing the result with the definitions.
Pharmacological Activity
Compounds of the present invention are active against the receptor product of the CBl gene. The affinity of the compounds of the invention for central cannabinoid receptors is demonstrable in methods described in Devane et al , Molecular
Pharmacology, 1988, 34,605 or those described in WO01/70700 or EP 656354.
Alternatively the assay may be performed as follows. lOμg of membranes prepared from cells stably transfected with the CBl gene were suspended in 200μl of 10OmM NaCl, 5mM MgCl2, ImM EDTA, 5OmM HEPES (pH 7.4),
ImM DTT, 0.1% BSA and lOOμM GDP. To this was added an EC80 concentration of agonist (CP55940), the required concentration of test compound and O.lμCi [35S]-GTPyS.
The reaction was allowed to proceed at 30°C for 45 min. Samples were then transferred on to GF/B filters using a cell harvester and washed with wash buffer (5OmM Tris (pH 7.4), 5mM MgCl2, 5OmM NaCl). Filters were then covered with scintilant and counted for the amount of [35S]-GTPyS retained by the filter.
Activity is measured in the absence of all ligands (minimum activity) or in the presence of an EC80 concentration of CP55940 (maximum activity). These activities are set as 0% and 100% activity respectively. At various concentrations of novel ligand, activity is calculated as a percentage of the maximum activity and plotted. The data are fitted using the equation y=A+((B-A)/l+((C/x) UD)) and the IC50 value determined as the concentration required to give half maximal inhibition of GTPyS binding under the conditions used.
The compounds of the present invention are active at the CBl receptor (IC50 <1 micromolar). Most preferred compounds have IC50 <200 nanomolar.
The compounds of the invention are are believed to be selective CBl antagonists or inverse agonists. The potency, selectivity profile and side effect propensity may limit the clinical usefulness of hitherto known compounds with alleged CBl antagonistic/inverse agonistic properties. In this regard, preclinical evaluation of compounds of the present invention in models of gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular function indicates that they offer significant advantages compared to representative reference CBl antagonist/inverse agonist agents.
The compounds of the present invention may provide additional benefits in terms of potency, selectivity profile, bioavailability, half-life in plasma, blood brain permeability, plasma protein binding ( for example higher free fraction of drug) or solubility compared to representative reference CBl antagonists/inverse agonist agents. The utility of the compounds of the present invention in the treatment of obesity and related conditions is demonstrated by a decrease in body weight in cafeteria diet- induced obese mice. Female C57B1/6J mice were given ad libitum access to calorie-dense 'cafeteria' diet (soft chocolate/cocoa-type pastry, chocolate, fatty cheese and nougat) and standard lab chow for 8-10weeks. Compounds to be tested were then administered systemically (iv, ip, sc or po) once daily for a minimum of 5 days, and the body weights of the mice monitored on a daily basis. Simultaneous assessment of adiposity was carried by means of DEXA imaging at baseline and termination of the study. Blood sampling was also carried out to assay changes in obesity-related plasma markers.
Examples of the Invention
Abbreviations
AcOH acetic acid
DCM dichloromethane
DMF dimethylformamide
DEA diethylamine
DIEA N,N-diisopropylethylamine
DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
EtOAc ethyl acetate
Et3N triethylamine
Ex or EX Example
LiHMDS lithium hexamethyldisilazide MeOH methanol
MeCN acetonitrile rt or RT room temperature
TEA triethylamine
THF tetrahydrofuran t triplet
S singlet d doublet q quartet qvint quintet m multiplet br broad bs broad singlet dm doublet of multiplet bt broad triplet dd doublet of doublet
General Experimental Procedures
Mass spectra were recorded on either a Micromass ZQ single quadrupole or a Micromass LCZ single quadrupole mass spectrometer both equipped with a pneumatically assisted electrospray interface (LC-MS). 1H NMR measurements were performed on either a Varian Mercury 300 or a Varian Inova 500, operating at 1H frequencies of 300 and 500 MHz respectively. Chemical shifts are given in ppm with CDCl3 as internal standard. CDCl3 is used as the solvent for NMR unless otherwise stated. Purification was performed on a semipreparative HPLC ( High Performance Liquid Chromatography ) with a mass triggered fraction collector, Shimadzu QP 8000 single quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with 19 x 100 mm C8 column. The mobile phase used was, if nothing else is stated, acetonitrile and buffer (0.1 M ammonium acetate:acetonitrile 95:5). For isolation of isomers, a Kromasil CN E9344 (250 x 20 mm i.d.) column was used. Heptane:ethyl acetate:DEA 95:5:0.1 was used as mobile phase (1 ml/min). Fraction collection was guided using a UV-detector (330 nm). Typical HPLC-parameters for purity analysis: HPLC-system: Agilent 1100 Column: Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C8 150x4.6 mm Time of analysis: 15 min Flow: 1.5 ml/min Mobilphase: A: water, 5% MeOH
B: MeOH
Temperature: 40 0C Detector: Uv 240nm
Examples
General procedure for salt preparation
The free base (usually 15-30 mg) was dissolved in butanone (usually 0.8-2 ml) and if necessary together with methanol (usually less than 1 ml). The solution was put in an ultrasonic bath (Decon FS200b). Acid (1 equiv. HCl or 1 equiv. methane sulphonic acid or 0.5 equiv. naphthalene- 1,5-disulphonic acid, 1 equiv of sulphuric acid or 0.5 equiv. sulfuric acid), dissolved in methanol (usually 0.1-0.2 ml), was added. Heptane (usually 0.5-2 ml) was added dropwise and the resulting mixture was left in the ultrasonic bath. The solid formed was collected by filtration and was dried under high vacuum.
The melting points were determined on a Reichert melting point microscope and are uncorrected. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the rate of heating can affect the melting point obtained and that certain salts, for example hydrochloride salts, may dissociate on slow heating so that ultimately the melting point obtained may be that of the free base or that of a mixture of free base and hydrochloride salt. In such cases combustion analysis may be used to confirm the identity of the salt. It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the drying temperature should not be too high, for example greater than 450C, otherwise decomposition of the salt may occur. Vacuum drying is preferred.
The following salts were formed as described in the general procedure by using the appropriate acid. Example 1: l-(4-Benzyloxy-phenyl)-2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide Hydrochloride: melting point 195-1980C.
Mesylate: melting point 196-1980C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 219-2250C.
Example 2: Ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-1-yl] -phenyl ester
Hydrochloride: melting point 94-101 0C.
Mesylate: melting point 120-1250C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 218-2260C. Example 3:
4,4,4-Trifluoro-butane-l -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)-imidazol- 1 -yl]-phenyl ester
Hydrochloride: melting point 113-1180C.
Mesylate: melting point 190-1980C. Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 250-2530C.
Hydrogen sulphate: melting point 218-223 0C.
Example 4:
Pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-1-yl] -phenyl ester Hydrochloride: melting point: 205-2090C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 167-17O 0C.
Example 5:
5-Chloro-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)-imidazol- 1 -yl] -phenyl ester Hydrochloride: melting point: 112-1180C.
Mesylate: melting point 113-1170C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 178-1820C.
Hydrogen sulphate: melting point 208-214 0C.
Example 6: 3, 3 -Dimethyl-butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbarnoyl)-imidazol-l-yl]-phenyl ester
Hydrochloride: melting point 152-1560C. Mesylate: melting point 143-151 0C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 149-1580C.
Example 7:
Thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)-imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester
Hydrochloride: melting point 107-1120C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 172-18O 0C.
Hydrogen sulphate: melting point 188-193 0C.
Example 8: 3,3,3-Trifluoro-propane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-
1 -ylcarbamoyl)-imidazol- 1 -yl] -phenyl ester
Hydrochloride: melting point 183-186 0C.
Hydrogen sulphate: melting point 107-114 0C.
Mesylate: melting point 190-1940C. Hemi- 1 ,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 253-2560C.
Ethylsulphonate: melting point 180-1870C.
Example 9:
Propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)-imidazol- 1 -yl]-phenyl ester Hydrochloride: melting point 126-1330C.
Mesylate: melting point: 104-1100C.
Hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate: melting point 159-163 0C.
Preparation of Free Bases A
Step 1.
N-("4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-2,4-dichloro-benzamidine
4-Benzyloxyaniline hydrochloride (5.0 g, 21.2 mmol) was dropwise added to a solution of ethylmagnesium bromide (44.5 ml, IM in THF, 44.5 mmol) in 25 ml dry THF under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring for 20 minutes a solution of 2,4-dichlorobenzonitrile (3.65 g, 21.2 mmol) in 25 ml THF was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 20 hours at room temperature. Water (50 ml) was carefully added. Extraction with EtOAc (2x100 ml), drying (Na2SO4), filtration and evaporation to dryness afforded 7.7 g (98%) of the title compound. Step 2. l-(4-Ben2yloxyphenvD-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid
5 ethyl ester
To N-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2,4-dichlorobenzamidine, from Step 1 (6.88 g, 18.5 mmol) dissolved in 50 ml TΗF was added potassium carbonate (2.56 g, 18.5 mmol) and the suspension was stirred for 10 minutes. Ethyl-3-bromo-2-oxobutanoate (4.65 g, 22.2 mmol) was dropwise added over 1 hour, and the mixture was stirred for 66 hours at room o temperature. The solution was filtered and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in acetic acid and refluxed for 1 hour. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, 100 ml water added and the product extracted with EtOAc (2x200 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 70:30, 5 60:40) afforded 5.75 g (65%) of the title compound as a pale yellow solid.
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 7.5-7.2 (8H, m), 7.1-6.9 (4H, m), 5.1 (2H, s), 4.5 (2H, q), 2.5 (3H, s), 1.5 (3H, t), MS m/z 504 (M+Na), 985 (2 M+Na) Step 3. l-(4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid o To a suspension of l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole- 4-carboxylic acid ethyl ester, from Step 2 (3.62 g, 7.5 mmol) in 60 ml methanol was added potassium hydroxide (4.05 g, 72 mmol) in water (20 ml), and the reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 hours. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, acidified to pΗ~2 with 1 M HCl and extracted with ethyl acetate (2x200 ml). The combined organic phases were 5 dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated to give 3.38 g (99%) of the title compound. Step 4.
1 -(4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-2-f2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide A solution of l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4- 0 carboxylic acid, from Step 3 (3.38 g, 7.5 mmol) in 60 ml CH2Cl2 was added 3 drops of DMF followed by oxalyl chloride (1.3 ml, 14.9 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 50 ml CH2Cl2 and cooled to O0C. Triethylamine (2.1 ml, 14.9 mmol) was added followed by 1-aminopiperidine (0.9 ml, 8.2 mmol) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Water (300 ml) was added, the mixture extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x100 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1:2, EtOAc) afforded 2.94 g (74%) of the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 7.5-7.2 (8H, m), 7.1-6.9 (4H, m), 5.1 (2H, s), 3.0-2.7 (4H, m), 2.5 (3H, s), 1.9-1.7 (4H, m), 1.6-1.4 (2H, m). MS m/z 558 (M+Na). HPLC: 96.5%.
B Step 1. 2-(2,4-DichlorophenyD- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5 -methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide
1 -(4-Benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide , from A, Step 4 (2.78 g, 5.2 mmol) was dissolved in 80 ml CH2Cl2 and cooled to O0C. Boron tribromide solution (1 M in CH2Cl2, 10.4 ml, 10.4 mmol) was added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Water (200 ml) was added and the solution extracted with EtOAc (3x200 ml). The combined organic phases were dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1:3, EtOAc) afforded 1.34 g (58%) of the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 8.6 (IH, bs), 7.4-7.1 (3H, m), 7.0-6.9 (4H, m), 3.0-2.8 (4H, m), 2.5 (3H, s), 1.8-1.6 (4H, m), 1.5-1.3 (2H, m). Step 2
Ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl] -phenyl ester A solution of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide, from B, Step 1 (321 mg, 0.72 mmol) in 10 ml CH2Cl2 was cooled to O0C. Triethylamine (101 μl, 0.72 mmol) was added followed by ethanesulfonyl chloride (69 μl, 0.72 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added, the mixture extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x20 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1:3) afforded 230 mg (60%) of the title compound as a white solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 7.9 (IH, broad s), 7.4-7.1 (7H3 m), 3.3 (2H, q), 3.0-2.8 (4H, m), 2.5 (3H, s), 1.9-1.7 (4H, m), 1.5 (3H, t), 1.5-1.4 (2H, m). MS m/z 560 (M+Na). HPLC: 97.0%.
C Propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2Λ-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(ρiperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yllphenyl ester
A solution of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide, from B, Step 1 (320 mg, 0.72 mmol) in 10 ml CH2Cl2 was cooled to O0C. Triethylamine (100 μl, 0.72 mmol) was added followed by 1- propanesulfonyl chloride (81 μl, 0.72 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added, the mixture extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x20 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1 :2) afforded 220 mg (56%) of the title compound as a white solid.
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 7.9 (IH, broad s), 7.4-7.1 (7H, m), 3.3 (2H, m), 3.0-2.8 (4H, m), 2.5 (3H, s), 2.1-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-1.7 (4H, m), 1.5-1.4 (2H, m), 1.2 (3H, t). MS m/z 574 (M+Na). HPLC: 97.0%.
D
Butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-1-yliphenyl ester A solution of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide, B, Step 1 (320 mg, 0.72 mmol) in 10 ml CH2Cl2 was cooled to O0C. Triethylamine (100 μl, 0.72 mmol) was added followed by 1-butanesulfonyl chloride (93 μl, 0.72 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. Water was added and the mixture extracted with CH2Cl2 (3x20 ml), dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1:2) afforded 230 mg (57%) of the title compound as a white solid.
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 7.9 (IH, bs), 7.4-7.1 (7H, m), 3.3 (2H, m), 3.0-2.8 (4H, m), 2.5 (3H, s), 2.1-1.9 (2H, m), 1.9-1.7 (4H, m), 1.6-1.4 (4H, m), 1.0 (3H, t) MS m/z 588 (M+Na). HPLC: 96.0%.
E 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-l-r4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-phenyll-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid m'peridin-1-ylamide l-Iodo-4,4,4-trifluorobutane (376 mg, 1.58 mmol) was added dropwise to a suspension of 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide, from B, Step 1 (351 mg, 0.79 mmol) and K2CO3 (218 mg, 1.58 mmol) in 50 ml acetone. The reaction mixture was refluxed overnight, cooled, filtered and
5 concentrated. Flash chromatography (silica, hexane:EtOAc 1 :2) afforded 200 mg (46%) of the title compound as a white solid.
1H NMR (CDCl3): δ 8.0 (IH, broad s), 7.4-7.2 (3H, m), 7.1-7.0 (2H, m), 6.9-6.8 (2H, m), 4.1-4.0 (2H, m), 3.0-2.9 (4H, m), 2.5-2.2 (5H, m), 2.2-2.0 (2H, m), 1.9-1.7 (4H, m), 1.6-1.4 (2H, m). MS m/z 578 (M+Na). HPLC: 99.4%. o F
3,3,3-Trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-{2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methγl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamovDimidazol- 1 -yliphenyl ester
2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic piperidin-1-ylamide, from B, Step 1, (0.89 g, 2.00 mmol) was dissolved in 5 dichloromethane (20 ml), cooled to 0 0C and triethylamine (0.35 ml, 2.4 mmol) added followed by 3,3,3-trifluoropropanesulfonyl chloride (prepared by an analogous method to that described in WO00/010968 for the butyl homologue) (0.35 ml, 2.40 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. TLC showed remaining starting material and so another portion of triethylamine and 3,3,3-trifluoropropanesulfonyl o chloride was added and the reaction mixture stirred for additional 2 hrs. Water was added and the product was extracted with dichloromethane, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (hexane : EtOAc 1 : 3 - EtOAc) followed by recrystallisation (hexane : EtOAc) afforded 700 mg (59%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. 5 1H NMR(CDCl3): δ 7.40-7.10 (8H, m), 3.60-3.43 (2H, m), 3.02-2.70 (6H, m), 2.50 (3 H, s), 1.92-1.70 (4 H, m), 1.57-1.40 (2 H, m). MS m/z 627 (M+Na). HPLC: 97.8%
Example G
4,4,4-Trifluorobutane-l -sulfonic acid 4-F2-(2,4-dichlorophenyiy5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyDimidazol- 1 -yli-phenyl ester o 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl- lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic piperidin-1-ylamide, from B, Step 1 (0.49 g, 1.20 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (20 ml), cooled to 0 0C and triethylamine (0.67 ml, 4.8 mmol) added followed by 4,4,4- trifluorobutane-1-sulfonyl chloride (prepared as described in WO00/010968) (0.38 g, 1.80 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 his. TLC showed remaining starting material and another portion of triethylamine and 4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1-sulfonyl chloride was added and the reaction mixture stirred overnight. Water was added, the product extracted with dichloromethane, dried (Na2SO4), filtered and concentrated. Flash chromatography (hexane : EtOAc 1 : 3 - EtOAc) followed by recrystallisation (hexane : EtOAc) afforded 0.45 g (61%) of the title compound as a colorless solid. 1H NMR(CDCl3): δ 7.35-7.19 (8H, m), 3.40 (2H, m), 3.05-2.90 (4H, m), 2.78-2.20 (7 H, s and m), 1.92-1.70 (4 H, m), 1.57-1.40 (2 H, m). MS m/z 641 (M+Na). HPLC: 98.6%
H
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[('piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyll-lH-imidazol-l- vDphenyl thiophene-2-sulfonate 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-piperidin- 1 -yl- lH-imidazole-4- carboxamide, prepared as described in B, Step 1 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and triethylamine (0.31 ml, 2.25 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) were cooled to -780C. 2- Thiophenesulfonyl chloride (287mg, 1.57mmol) dissolved in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) was carefully added to the reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for Ih, and at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction, the phases were separated and the organic phase washed with water and dried. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory ΗPLC gave the title compound (110 mg, 83%) as a solid.
1H ΝMR (400 MHz) δ 7.89 (s, NH), 7.75-7.74 (m, IH), 7.55-7.54 (m, IH), 7.35-7.34 (m, IH), 7.30-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.11 (m, IH), 7.07 (d, 4H), 2.90-2.86 (m, 4H), 1.80-1.75 (m, 4H), 1.48-1.42 (m, 2H). MS m/z 591 (M+H)+.
I
4- |2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonvil- lH-imidazol- 1 - vUphenyl pyridine-3 -sulfonate 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-piperidin- 1 -yl- lH-imidazole-4- carboxamide, prepared as described in B, Step 1 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and triethylamine (0.31 ml, 2.25 mmol) in dichloromethane (5.0 ml) were cooled to -780C. 3- Pyridinesulfonyl chloride (144 mg, 0.67 mmol) was added in small portions to the reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for Ih, and at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction, the phases were separated and the organic phase washed with water and dried. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory HPLC gave the title compound (110 mg, 84%) as a solid. s 1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 8.96 (s, IH), 8.92 (s, IH), 8.09-8.06 (m, IH), 7.89 (s, IH), 7.51- 7.49 (m, IH), 7.36 (d, IH), 7.30-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.06 (s, 4H), 2.88-2.84 (m, 4H), 2.48 (s, 3H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.41 (m, 2H). MS m/z 586 (M+H)+.
J 4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-r(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl"|- lH-imidazol- 1 - o yllphenyl 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonate
2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-piperidin-l-yl-lH-imidazole-4- carboxamide, prepared as described in B, Step 1 (100 mg, 0.22 mmol) and triethylamine (0.16 ml, 1.12 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) were cooled to -780C. 5- Chlorothiophen-2-sulfonyl chloride (244 mg, 1.12 mmol) in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) was s carefully added to the reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at -780C for Ih, and at room temperature overnight. Water was added to the reaction, the phases were separated and the organic phase washed with water and dried. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory ΗPLC gave the title compound (84 mg, 60%) as a solid. o 1H ΝMR (400 MHz) δ 7.90 (s, NH), 7.34-7.26 (m, 4H), 7.10 (d, 4H), 6.96 (d, IH), 2.88- 2.85 (m, 4H), 2.49 (s, 3H), 1.79-1.74 (m, 4H), 1.47-1.42 (m, 2H). MS m/z 625 (M+H)+.
K
4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyiy 5-methyl-4-|Ypiperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]- lH-imidazol-1 - yl I phenyl 3 -methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate 5 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-piperidin- 1 -yl- lH-imidazole-4- carboxamide, prepared as described in B, Step 1 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3.0 ml), cooled to O0C and triethylamine (20 μl, 0.13 mmol) was added to the mixture. The resulting mixture was cooled to -780C and 3 -methylbutane- 1-sulfonyl chloride (23 mg, 0.13 mmol) was carefully added. The reaction was stirred at -78°C for 0 1.5h. Water was added to the reaction, the product extracted with dichloromethane and dried. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory HPLC gave the title compound (46 mg, 71%) as a solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 7.86 (s, NH), 7.30-7.20 (m, 5H), 7.12-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.26-3.22 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.80 (m, 4H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.69 (m, 4H), 1.45-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.93 (d, 6H). MS m/z 579 (M+H)+.
L
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonvn-lH-imidazol-l- yl) phenyl 3 ,3-dimethylbutane- 1 -sulfonate 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-piperidin- 1 -yl- lH-imidazole-4- carboxamide, prepared as described in B, Step 1 (50 mg, 0.11 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (3.0 ml), cooled to O0C and triethylamine (20 μl, 0.13 mmol) was added to the mixture. The resulting mixture was cooled to -78°C and 3,3-dimethylbutane-l- sulfonyl chloride (25 mg, 0.13 mmol) was carefully added. The reaction was stirred at - 78°C for 2h. Water was added to the reaction, the product extracted with dichloromethane and dried. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory ΗPLC gave the title compound (46 mg, 69%) as a solid.
1H ΝMR (400 MHz) δ 7.85 (s, NH), 7.30-7.20 (m, 5H), 7.13-7.09 (m, 2H), 3.24-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.86-2.81 (m, 4H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 1.86-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.69 (m, 5H), 1.44-1.37 (m, 2H), 0.92 (s, 9H).. MS m/z 593 (M+H)+. M
Step 1: l-r4-(Benzyloxy)phenyll-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5- (trifluoromethvDpyridin-2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide 2-Amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (404 mg, 2.49 mmol) was dissolved in dichloromethane (2.5 ml) under argon and trimethylaluminium (1.25 ml, 2.0 M in toluene, 2.5 mmol) was carefully added during 5 min. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h and, as a result, a 0.66 M solution of an amidation reagent was obtained. 3.75 ml (2.5 mmol) of this stock solution was added to ethyl l-[4- (benzyloxy)phenyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylate, prepared as described in A, Step 2, (400 mg, 0.83 mmol) and the reaction solution was stirred at 450C overnight. The reaction solution was cooled to O0C and quenched with HCl (aq, 2 M, 7.5 ml). The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and neutralized by addition of KOΗ (aq, 2 M). The organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted further with dichloromethane. The collected organic phases were washed with H2O before drying with Na2SO4. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and purification by preparatory HPLC gave the title compound (319 mg, 64%) as a solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 9.89 (s, NH), 8.54 (s, IH), 8.50 (d, IH), 7.92-7.88 (m, IH), 7.40- 7.33 (m, 5H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.03-6.91 (m, 4H), 5.02 (s, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H). MS m/z 597 (M+H)+.
Step 2: 2-(2,4-dichlorophenylVl-f4-hvdroxyphenylV5-methyl-N-r5- ftrifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide l-[4-(benzyloxy)phenyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 2-yl]-lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide (319 mg, 0.53 mmol) was dissolved in hydrogen bromide (7.5 ml, 4.1 M in acetic acid, 30.75 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4h. The acetic acid was co-evaporated with ethanol, the residue neutralized with ammonia and dissolved in methanol. Purification by flash chromatography gave the title compound (266 mg, 98%). 1H ΝMR (400 MHz) δ 10.36 (s, NH el. OH)3 10.09 (s, NH el. OH), 8.89 (s, IH), 8.69 (d, IH), 8.48-8.43 (m, IH), 7.87-7.80 (m, 2H), 7.67 (d, IH), 7.41 (d, 2H), 7.06 (d, 2H), 2.65 (s, 3H). MS m/z 507 (M+H)+.
Step 3: 4-r2-(2,4-dichloroρhenyl)-5-methyl-4-f{[5-(trifluoromethvDpyridin-2- yl] amino } carbonyD- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl 3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonate 2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)- 1 -(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]- lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide (136 mg, 0.27 mmol) and triethylamine (40 μl, 0.32 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 ml) were cooled to -780C. 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonyl chloride (63 mg, 0.32 mmol) was carefully added to the reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at -780C for Ih, and then allowed to reach room temperature. Water was added to the reaction, and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with NaHCO3, brine and dried with Na2SO4. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory HPLC gave the title compound (88 mg, 49%) as a solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 9.87 (s, NH), 8.55 (s, IH), 8.49 (d, IH), 7.93-7.89 (m, IH), 7.34- 7.18 (m, 7H), 3.53 (m, 2H), 2.85-2.73 (m, 2H), 2.54 (s, 3H). MS m/z 661 (M+H)+. N
4-r2-(2.4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-f I r5-ftrifluoromethvDpyridin-2-yl1ammo| carbonvD- lH-imidazol- 1 -yllphenyl 3-methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate 2-(2,4-diclilorophenyl)-l-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methyl-N-[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]- lH-imidazole-4-carboxamide, prepared as described in M, Step 3 (139 mg, 0.27 mmol) and triethylamine (46 μl, 0.33 mmol) in dichloromethane (4.0 ml) were cooled to -78°C. 3- Methylbutane-1-sulfonyl chloride (56 mg, 0.33 mmol) was carefully added to the reaction mixture. The resulting mixture was stirred at -78°C for Ih, and then allowed to reach room temperature. Water was added to the reaction, and the phases were separated. The organic phase was washed with NaHCO3, brine and dried with Na2SO4. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and separation by preparatory HPLC gave the title compound (81 mg, 46%) as a solid.
1HNMR (400 MHz) δ 9.87 (s, NH), 8.55 (s, IH), 8.49 (d, IH), 7.93-7.89 (m, IH), 7.34- 7.14 (m, 7H), 3.29-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.53 (s, 3H), 1.88-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.69 (m, IH), 0.95 (d, 6H). MS m/z 641 (M+H)+.

Claims

Claims
1. A compound selected from: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester; butane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester;
2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-l-[4-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)phenyl]-lH-imidazole-4- carboxylic acid piperidin-1-ylamide;
3 ,3 ,3-trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester;
4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]- lH-imidazol- 1 - yl}phenyl thiophene-2-sulfonate; 4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl} phenyl pyridine-3 -sulfonate;
4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]- lH-imidazol-1 - yl}phenyl pyridine-3-sulfonate;
4-{2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(ρiperidin-l-ylamino)carbonyl]-lH-imidazol-l- yl}phenyl 3 -methylbutane-1 -sulfonate;
4- {2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-[(piperidin- 1 -ylamino)carbonyl]- lH-imidazol-1 - yl}phenyl 3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonate;
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-( { [5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino} carbonyl)- lH-imidazol-l-yl]phenyl 3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonate; and 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-( { [5-(trifiuoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]amino} carbonyl)- lH-imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl 3 -methylbutane- 1 -sulfonate; in the form of a methanesulphonate salt (mesylate salt) , a hemi-1,5- naphthalenedisulphonate salt, a hemi-l,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, a hydrochloride salt, an ethylsulphonate salt, a nitrate salt, a sulphate salt or a hydrogen sulphate salt.
2. One or more of the following: l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide hydrochloride; l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin- 1 -ylamide mesylate; l-(4-benzyloxyphenyl)-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-lH-imidazole-4-carboxylic acid piperidin-l-ylamide hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; ethanesulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol- 1 -yljphenyl ester mesylate; ethanesulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyi)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; 4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester4,4,4-trifluorobutane-l -sulfonic acid mesylate;
4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester hemi- 1 ,5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
4,4,4-trifluorobutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(ρiρeridin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; pyridine-3-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)- imidazol-1 -yljphenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l -yljphenyl ester hydrochloride; 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylate;
5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; 5-chlorothiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
3 ,3 -dimethylbutane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride;
3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylates;
3,3-dimethylbutane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l-ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hemi-l,5-naphthalenedisulphonate; thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 -ylcarbamoyl) imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
3 ,3 ,3 -trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyi)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride;
3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester hydrogen sulphate;
3 ,3,3-trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin- 1 - ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylate; 3, 3, 3 -trifluoropropane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yljphenyl ester hemi- 1 , 5-naphthalenedisulphonate;
3,3,3-trifluoropropane-l-sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperidin-l- ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester ethylsulphonate; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester hydrochloride; propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4-[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in-l-ylcarbamoyl)imidazol-l-yl]phenyl ester mesylates; or propane- 1 -sulfonic acid 4- [2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-(piperid in- 1 -ylcarbamoyl)imidazol- 1 -yl]phenyl ester hemi- 1 ,5-naphthalenedisulphonate.
3. A compound of formula I
Figure imgf000048_0001
in which
R1 represents a) a Ci-ioalkoxy group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro b) a group of formula phenyl(CH2)pO- in which p is 1, 2 or 3 and the phenyl ring is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z, c) a group R5S(O)2O or R5S(O)2NH in which R5 represents a Q-ioalkyl group optionally substituted by one or more fluoro, or R5 represents phenyl or a heteroaryl group each of which is optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups represented by Z or d) a group of formula (R6)3 Si in which R6 represents a Ci- βalkyl group which may be the same or different;
Ra represents halo, a Ci-3alkyl group or a Ci-3alkoxy group; m is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
R2 represents a Ci-3alkyl group, a Ci-3alkoxy group, hydroxy, nitro, cyano or halo n is 0, 1, 2 or 3;
R3 represents
a) a group X-Y-NR >7'Rτ, 8H
in which X is CO or SO2, Y is absent or represents NH optionally substituted by a Ci-3alkyl group;
and R7 and R8 independently represent : a Ci-βalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a C3-i5cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; an optionally substituted (C3-i5cycloalkyl)Ci-3alkylene group optionally substituted by 1, 2, or 3 groups represented by W; a group -(CH2)r(phenyl )s in which r is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, s is 1 when r is 0 otherwise s is 1 or 2 and the phenyl groups are optionally independently substituted by one, two or three groups represented by Z; a saturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci_3alkyl groups, hydroxy or benzyl ; a group - (CH2)t Het in which t is 0,1, 2, 3 or 4, and the alkylene chain is optionally substituted by one or more Ci-3alkyl groups and Het represents a heteroaryl group optionally substituted by one, two or three groups selected from a C1.5aUc. yl group, a
Ci-5alkoxy group or halo wherein the alkyl and alkoxy group are optionally independently substituted by one of more fluoro; or R7 represents H and R8 is as defined above; or R7 and R8 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached represent a saturated or partially unsaturated 5 to 8 membered heterocyclic group containing one nitrogen and optionally one of the following : oxygen, sulphur or an additional nitrogen; wherein the heterocyclic group is optionally substituted by one or more Ci^alkyl groups, hydroxy, fluoro or benzyl;
or b) oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thienyl, furyl or oxazolinyl, each optionally substituted by 1, 2 or 3 groups Z;
R4 represents H, a Ci^alkyl group, a Q-βalkoxy group or a Ci.6alkoxyCi..6alkylene group which contains a maximum of 6 carbon atoms, each of which groups is optionally substituted by one or more fluoro or cyano; Z represents a C1-3alkyl group, a Ci-3alkoxy group, hydroxy, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethylthio, difluoromethoxy, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoromethylsulphonyl, nitro, amino, mono or di C!-3alkylamino, C1-3alkylsulρhonyl, Ci-3alkoxycarbonyl, carboxy, 5 cyano, carbamoyl, mono or di Ci-3alkyl carbamoyl and acetyl; and
W represents hydroxy, fluoro, a Ci-3alkyl group, a Ci-3alkoxy group, amino, mono or di C1. 3alkylamino, or a heterocyclic amine selected from morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperdinyl or piperazinyl in which the heterocyclic amine is optionally substituted by a Ci-3alkyl group Q or hydroxyl;
with the proviso that when n is 1 then R2 is not methoxy in either the 2-position or the 4- position of the phenyl ring and the further proviso that R1 is not methylsulfonylamino, methoxy or CF3O-; 5 in the form of a methanesulphonate salt (mesylate salt) , a hemi-1,5- naphthalenedisulphonate salt, a hemi-l,2-ethanedisulfonic acid salt, an ethylsulphonate salt, or a nitrate salt.
4. A compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for use as a medicament. o
5. A pharmaceutical formulation comprising a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 and a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
6. Use of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in the preparation of a 5 medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of obesity, psychiatric disorders such as psychotic disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders, epilepsy and related conditions, and neurological disorders, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's 0 Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications.
7. A method of treating obesity, psychiatric disorders, psychotic disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, anxiety, anxio-depressive disorders, depression, cognitive disorders, memory disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, anorexia, bulimia, attention disorders, epilepsy and related conditions, neurological disorders, Parkinson's Disease, Huntington's Chorea and Alzheimer's Disease, immune, cardiovascular, reproductive and endocrine disorders, septic shock, diseases related to the respiratory and gastrointestinal system, and extended abuse, addiction and/or relapse indications, comprising administering a pharmacologically effective amount of a compound as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 to a patient in need thereof.
8. A compound as defined as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 for use in the treatment of obesity.
PCT/GB2006/003356 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as cbi modulators WO2007031720A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0615939-7A BRPI0615939A2 (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 compound, pharmaceutical formulation, use of a compound, and method for treating a disease
JP2008530599A JP2009507907A (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-Diarylimidazoles for use as CB1 modulators
CA002621408A CA2621408A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as cb1 modulators
AU2006290553A AU2006290553A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as CBI modulators
EP06779372A EP1940803A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as cbi modulators
US12/066,946 US20090005415A1 (en) 2005-09-15 2006-09-12 1,2-Diarylimidazoles for Use as Cb1 Modulators
NO20080969A NO20080969L (en) 2005-09-15 2008-02-26 1,2-diarylimidazoles for use as CBI modulators

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB0518817.2 2005-09-15
GBGB0518817.2A GB0518817D0 (en) 2005-09-15 2005-09-15 Therapeutic agents

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EP (1) EP1940803A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2009507907A (en)
KR (1) KR20080048063A (en)
CN (1) CN101263122A (en)
AR (1) AR056509A1 (en)
AU (1) AU2006290553A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0615939A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2621408A1 (en)
EC (1) ECSP088366A (en)
GB (1) GB0518817D0 (en)
NO (1) NO20080969L (en)
RU (1) RU2008110916A (en)
TW (1) TW200804301A (en)
UY (1) UY29790A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2007031720A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200801744B (en)

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WO2009021740A2 (en) 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Sanofis-Aventis Substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes, process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as medicaments
WO2010003624A2 (en) 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Sanofi-Aventis Heterocyclic compounds, processes for their preparation, medicaments comprising these compounds, and the use thereof
WO2010068601A1 (en) 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 Sanofi-Aventis A crystalline heteroaromatic fluoroglycoside hydrate, processes for making, methods of use and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
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WO2012120056A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Tetrasubstituted oxathiazine derivatives, method for producing them, their use as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and the use thereof
WO2012120053A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Branched oxathiazine derivatives, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
WO2012120054A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Di- and tri-substituted oxathiazine derivates, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
WO2012120055A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Di- and tri-substituted oxathiazine derivates, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008017381A1 (en) 2006-08-08 2008-02-14 Sanofi-Aventis Arylaminoaryl-alkyl-substituted imidazolidine-2,4-diones, processes for preparing them, medicaments comprising these compounds, and their use
WO2009021740A2 (en) 2007-08-15 2009-02-19 Sanofis-Aventis Substituted tetrahydronaphthalenes, process for the preparation thereof and the use thereof as medicaments
WO2010003624A2 (en) 2008-07-09 2010-01-14 Sanofi-Aventis Heterocyclic compounds, processes for their preparation, medicaments comprising these compounds, and the use thereof
WO2010068601A1 (en) 2008-12-08 2010-06-17 Sanofi-Aventis A crystalline heteroaromatic fluoroglycoside hydrate, processes for making, methods of use and pharmaceutical compositions thereof
WO2011023754A1 (en) 2009-08-26 2011-03-03 Sanofi-Aventis Novel crystalline heteroaromatic fluoroglycoside hydrates, pharmaceuticals comprising these compounds and their use
WO2011157827A1 (en) 2010-06-18 2011-12-22 Sanofi Azolopyridin-3-one derivatives as inhibitors of lipases and phospholipases
WO2012120052A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Oxathiazine derivatives substituted with carbocycles or heterocycles, method for producing same, drugs containing said compounds, and use thereof
WO2012120056A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Tetrasubstituted oxathiazine derivatives, method for producing them, their use as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and the use thereof
WO2012120053A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Branched oxathiazine derivatives, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
WO2012120054A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Di- and tri-substituted oxathiazine derivates, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
WO2012120055A1 (en) 2011-03-08 2012-09-13 Sanofi Di- and tri-substituted oxathiazine derivates, method for the production thereof, use thereof as medicine and drug containing said derivatives and use thereof
US11986602B2 (en) * 2016-05-31 2024-05-21 Abiomed, Inc. Catheter of a heart pump shaped for anatomic fit

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ECSP088366A (en) 2008-05-30
CA2621408A1 (en) 2007-03-22
NO20080969L (en) 2008-04-11
AU2006290553A1 (en) 2007-03-22
JP2009507907A (en) 2009-02-26
AR056509A1 (en) 2007-10-10
EP1940803A1 (en) 2008-07-09
RU2008110916A (en) 2009-10-20
CN101263122A (en) 2008-09-10
GB0518817D0 (en) 2005-10-26
KR20080048063A (en) 2008-05-30
UY29790A1 (en) 2007-04-30
ZA200801744B (en) 2009-09-30
US20090005415A1 (en) 2009-01-01
TW200804301A (en) 2008-01-16

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