WO2007001184A1 - Method for producing directionally solidified silicon ingots - Google Patents
Method for producing directionally solidified silicon ingots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2007001184A1 WO2007001184A1 PCT/NO2005/000432 NO2005000432W WO2007001184A1 WO 2007001184 A1 WO2007001184 A1 WO 2007001184A1 NO 2005000432 W NO2005000432 W NO 2005000432W WO 2007001184 A1 WO2007001184 A1 WO 2007001184A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- phosphorous
- content
- boron
- ppma
- Prior art date
Links
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021422 solar-grade silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003376 silicon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B15/00—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method
- C30B15/02—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt
- C30B15/04—Single-crystal growth by pulling from a melt, e.g. Czochralski method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt adding doping materials, e.g. for n-p-junction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B11/00—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method
- C30B11/04—Single-crystal growth by normal freezing or freezing under temperature gradient, e.g. Bridgman-Stockbarger method adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B13/00—Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting
- C30B13/08—Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the molten zone
- C30B13/10—Single-crystal growth by zone-melting; Refining by zone-melting adding crystallising materials or reactants forming it in situ to the molten zone with addition of doping materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/02—Elements
- C30B29/06—Silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
- H01L31/1804—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof comprising only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
- H01L31/182—Special manufacturing methods for polycrystalline Si, e.g. Si ribbon, poly Si ingots, thin films of polycrystalline Si
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/546—Polycrystalline silicon PV cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the production of directionally solidified Czochralski, float zone or multicrystalline silicon ingots, thin silicon sheets or ribbons for the production of silicon wafers for photovoltaic (PV) solar cells.
- PV photovoltaic
- SoG-Si feedstock When producing PV solar cells, a charge of SoG-Si feedstock is prepared, melted and directionally solidified into a square ingot in a specialized casting furnace. Before melting, the charge containing SoG-Si feedstock is doped with either boron or phosphorus to produce p-type or n-type ingots respectively. With few exceptions, commercial solar cells produced today are based on p- type silicon ingot material. The addition of the single dopant (eg. boron or phosphorus) is controlled to obtain a preferred electrical resistivity in the material, for example in the range between 0.5-1.5 ohm cm.
- the single dopant eg. boron or phosphorus
- 20035830 will have a characteristic type change from p-type to n-type at a position between 40 and 99% of the ingot height or sheet or ribbon thickness, depending on the ratio between boron and phosphorous in the silicon feedstock.
- the ingots produced will contain both p-type and n-type silicon.
- the present invention thus relates to a method for the production of directionally solidified Czochralski, float zone or multicrystalline silicon ingots or thin sheets or ribbon for making wafers for solar cells from silicon feedstock initially containing between 0.2 ppma and 10 ppma boron and between 0.1 ppma and 10 ppma phosphorous which method is characterized in that if the boron content in the silicon feedstock is higher than the phosphorous content, the boron content in the molten silicon is kept higher than the phosphorous content during the directional solidification process by adding boron discontinuously, continuously or substantially continuously to the molten silicon in order to extend the part of the directionally solidified ingot or the thin sheet or ribbon solidifying as p-type material with a preset resistivity or within a preset resistivity range, or if the content of phosphorous in the silicon feedstock is higher than the boron content, the phosphorous content in the molten silicon is kept higher than the boron content during the directional solidification
- the part of the directionally solidified ingot or thin sheet or ribbon can be substantially extended before the change from p-type material to n-type material or from n- type material to p-type material.
- Figure 1 is a diagram showing the resistivity for a directionally solidified silicon ingot made according to the prior art.
- Figure 2 is a diagram for the resistivity for a directionally solidified ingot made according to the method of the present invention. Detailed Description of the Invention
- a directionally solidified silicon ingot was produced from a silicon feedstock initially containing 0.8 ppma boron and 3.6 ppma phosphorous.
- the change from p-type material to n-type material in this silicon ingot took place at about 60 % height of the solidified ingot.
- the resistivity in the produced silicon ingot is shown in Figure 1 and it can be seen from the figure that the change from p-type material to n-type material took place at about 60 % of the height of the ingot.
- a directionally solidified silicon ingot was produced from the same silicon feedstock as used in Example 1. Boron was continuously added to the remaining molten silicon when about 50 % of the ingot had been solidified. The change from p-type material to n-type material took place at more than 90% of the height of the solidified ingot As can be seen from Figure 2. The amount of boron added to the silicon melt is also shown in Figure 2.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US11/722,813 US20080029019A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method For Producing Directionally Solidified Silicon Ingots |
BRPI0519503A BRPI0519503B1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | method for the production of directionally solidified silicon ingots. |
AU2005333767A AU2005333767B2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method for producing directionally solidified silicon ingots |
JP2007548115A JP2008525297A (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method for producing directional solidified silicon ingot |
UAA200708587A UA86295C2 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method for production of multicrystalline silicon ingot, producted by directed crystallization on choralskyi's method, method of zone melting |
EP05858007A EP1848843A4 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method for producing directionally solidified silicon ingots |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO20045665 | 2004-12-27 | ||
NO20045665A NO322246B1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2004-12-27 | Process for preparing directed solidified silicon ingots |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2007001184A1 true WO2007001184A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
Family
ID=35209718
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/NO2005/000432 WO2007001184A1 (en) | 2004-12-27 | 2005-11-17 | Method for producing directionally solidified silicon ingots |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080029019A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1848843A4 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008525297A (en) |
CN (1) | CN100567591C (en) |
AU (1) | AU2005333767B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0519503B1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2357497T1 (en) |
NO (1) | NO322246B1 (en) |
UA (1) | UA86295C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007001184A1 (en) |
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009003183A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Calisolar, Inc. | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
FR2929960A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-16 | Apollon Solar Soc Par Actions | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE SILICON OF PHOTOVOLTAIC QUALITY BY ADDING DOPING IMPURITIES |
EP2208810A1 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2010-07-21 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Method for solidifying a semiconductor with adding charges of a doped semiconductor during the crystallisation |
CN102191542A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-09-21 | 张森 | Equipment and method for preparing high-purity directionally crystallized polysilicon |
WO2013051940A1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Elkem Solar As | Method for producing silicon mono-crystals and multi-crystalline silicon ingots |
US8968467B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2015-03-03 | Silicor Materials Inc. | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7887633B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2011-02-15 | Calisolar, Inc. | Germanium-enriched silicon material for making solar cells |
US8758507B2 (en) * | 2008-06-16 | 2014-06-24 | Silicor Materials Inc. | Germanium enriched silicon material for making solar cells |
DE102009034317A1 (en) | 2009-07-23 | 2011-02-03 | Q-Cells Se | Producing an ingot made of upgraded metallurgical-grade silicon for penetration-resistant p-type solar cells, where the ingot has a height originating from a bottom with p-type silicon to a head with n-type silicon |
CN102005505B (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2012-04-04 | 浙江大学 | Tin-doped crystalline silicon solar cell for inhibiting light attenuation and preparation method thereof |
US20120125254A1 (en) * | 2010-11-23 | 2012-05-24 | Evergreen Solar, Inc. | Method for Reducing the Range in Resistivities of Semiconductor Crystalline Sheets Grown in a Multi-Lane Furnace |
DK2679706T3 (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2018-12-17 | Shinetsu Handotai Kk | PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING N-TYPE SILICON MONO CRYSTAL |
CN102560645B (en) * | 2011-09-02 | 2016-05-18 | 江苏协鑫硅材料科技发展有限公司 | A kind of in crystalline silicon forming process method and the device thereof of controlling resistance rate |
CN102560641B (en) * | 2012-03-20 | 2015-03-25 | 浙江大学 | N-type casting policrystalline silicon with uniform doping resistivity and preparation method thereof |
JP7080017B2 (en) * | 2017-04-25 | 2022-06-03 | 株式会社Sumco | n-type silicon single crystal ingots, silicon wafers, and epitaxial silicon wafers |
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NO20035830L (en) | 2003-12-29 | 2005-06-30 | Elkem Materials | Silicon material for the production of solar cells |
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-
2004
- 2004-12-27 NO NO20045665A patent/NO322246B1/en unknown
-
2005
- 2005-11-17 WO PCT/NO2005/000432 patent/WO2007001184A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-11-17 US US11/722,813 patent/US20080029019A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-11-17 CN CNB2005800450892A patent/CN100567591C/en active Active
- 2005-11-17 AU AU2005333767A patent/AU2005333767B2/en active Active
- 2005-11-17 BR BRPI0519503A patent/BRPI0519503B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-17 ES ES05858007T patent/ES2357497T1/en active Pending
- 2005-11-17 UA UAA200708587A patent/UA86295C2/en unknown
- 2005-11-17 JP JP2007548115A patent/JP2008525297A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-17 EP EP05858007A patent/EP1848843A4/en not_active Withdrawn
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DE3804069A1 (en) * | 1988-02-10 | 1989-08-24 | Siemens Ag | Process for producing solar silicon |
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Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2009003183A1 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2008-12-31 | Calisolar, Inc. | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
US7651566B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2010-01-26 | Fritz Kirscht | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
CN101918314A (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2010-12-15 | 卡利太阳能有限公司 | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
EP2418173A3 (en) * | 2007-06-27 | 2012-09-05 | Calisolar, Inc. | Method for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
US8968467B2 (en) | 2007-06-27 | 2015-03-03 | Silicor Materials Inc. | Method and system for controlling resistivity in ingots made of compensated feedstock silicon |
FR2929960A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-16 | Apollon Solar Soc Par Actions | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CRYSTALLINE SILICON OF PHOTOVOLTAIC QUALITY BY ADDING DOPING IMPURITIES |
WO2009130409A1 (en) * | 2008-04-11 | 2009-10-29 | Apollon Solar | Method for producing photovoltaic-grade crystalline silicon by addition of doping impurities and photovoltaic cell |
EP2208810A1 (en) | 2009-01-05 | 2010-07-21 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Method for solidifying a semiconductor with adding charges of a doped semiconductor during the crystallisation |
CN102191542A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-09-21 | 张森 | Equipment and method for preparing high-purity directionally crystallized polysilicon |
WO2013051940A1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2013-04-11 | Elkem Solar As | Method for producing silicon mono-crystals and multi-crystalline silicon ingots |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
BRPI0519503B1 (en) | 2016-06-21 |
UA86295C2 (en) | 2009-04-10 |
AU2005333767B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 |
ES2357497T1 (en) | 2011-04-27 |
EP1848843A4 (en) | 2011-09-28 |
US20080029019A1 (en) | 2008-02-07 |
CN100567591C (en) | 2009-12-09 |
NO322246B1 (en) | 2006-09-04 |
JP2008525297A (en) | 2008-07-17 |
NO20045665D0 (en) | 2004-12-27 |
CN101091009A (en) | 2007-12-19 |
AU2005333767A1 (en) | 2007-01-04 |
EP1848843A1 (en) | 2007-10-31 |
BRPI0519503A2 (en) | 2009-02-03 |
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