WO2006046546A1 - 音声符号化装置および音声符号化方法 - Google Patents
音声符号化装置および音声符号化方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 173
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 16
- 230000005236 sound signal Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/0212—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders using orthogonal transformation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
- G10L19/00—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis
- G10L19/02—Speech or audio signals analysis-synthesis techniques for redundancy reduction, e.g. in vocoders; Coding or decoding of speech or audio signals, using source filter models or psychoacoustic analysis using spectral analysis, e.g. transform vocoders or subband vocoders
- G10L19/022—Blocking, i.e. grouping of samples in time; Choice of analysis windows; Overlap factoring
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
- H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a speech encoding apparatus and speech encoding method.
- transform coding that transforms a time signal into a frequency domain and codes transform coefficients can efficiently remove redundancy included in the time signal.
- the transform code ⁇ can realize a code ⁇ in which quantization distortion is hardly perceived even at a low bit rate.
- MDCT Modified Discrete Cosine Transform
- analysis frames are arranged and analyzed so that the current analysis frame and the analysis frames before and after it are superimposed.
- the half of the analysis length of the converted coefficients needs to be the target of the sign key, so that efficient sign key can be obtained by using MDCT.
- the current frame and the adjacent frame are overlapped and added at the time of synthesis, there is a feature that discontinuity at the frame boundary is unlikely to occur even when different quantization distortion occurs in each frame. .
- the target signal is multiplied by the analysis window and synthesis window, which are window functions.
- the portion located at the overlap with the adjacent frame is inclined (slope).
- the length of this overlapping section (that is, the length of the slope) and the delay force required for buffering the input frame MDCT analysis This corresponds to the length of the delay generated by the Z synthesis. If this delay becomes large in two-way communication, it takes time until the response from the communication partner terminal reaches the terminal itself, and smooth conversation cannot be established. Therefore, the delay should be as short as possible [0005]
- a conventional MDCT will be described.
- Non-Patent Document 1 proposes a sin window represented by Equation (2).
- the sin window is shown in Fig. 1.
- the spectral characteristics of the sin window can be analyzed with high accuracy because the side lobes are sufficiently attenuated.
- Non-Patent Document 2 proposes a method of performing MDCT analysis Z synthesis using a window represented by Expression (3) as a window that satisfies the condition of Expression (1).
- N is the length of the analysis window
- L is the length of the overlapping section.
- Figure 2 shows the window represented by Equation (3).
- the overlap interval is L, so the delay due to this window is expressed as L. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of delay by setting the overlapping section L short.
- Non-patent document 1 Takehiro Moriya, "Speech coding", The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers, October 20, 1998, pp.36-38
- Non-Patent Document 2 M. Iwadare, et al, "A 128 kb / s Hi-Fi Audio CODEC Based on Adaptive Transform Coding with Adaptive Block Size MDCT,” IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, Vol. 10, No. l, pp.138— ⁇ 44, Jan. 1992.
- the overlapping interval of adjacent analysis frames becomes the length of 1Z2 of the analysis frame.
- the analysis frame length is N, so the overlap interval is NZ2. Therefore, on the synthesizing side, in order to synthesize signals located in NZ2 to N-1, signals cannot be synthesized unless the information of the next analysis frame is obtained.
- MDCT analysis cannot be performed in the next analysis frame until the sample value located at (3NZ2) —1 is obtained, and only after the sample at position (3NZ2) —1 is obtained. MDCT analysis is performed, and it is possible to synthesize signals from NZ2 to N-1 using the conversion coefficient of the analysis frame. Therefore, when using the sin window, a delay of NZ2 length occurs.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an audio encoding device and an audio encoding method that can suppress a delay amount to a low delay and reduce connection distortion.
- the speech coding apparatus is a first encoding unit that obtains two types of transform coefficients in the frequency domain by performing MDCT analysis on one frame of a speech signal in the time domain with both a long analysis length and a short analysis length.
- a configuration comprising an analyzing means and an encoding means for encoding the two kinds of transform coefficients is adopted. The invention's effect
- the delay amount can be suppressed to a low delay, and the connection distortion can be reduced.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a speech encoding apparatus and a speech decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a speech coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a signal state transition diagram of the speech coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 shows an analysis window according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the speech decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a signal state transition diagram of the speech decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is an operation explanatory diagram of the speech coding apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an analysis window according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 shows an analysis window according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 12 shows an analysis window according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a speech coding apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a speech decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the speech encoding apparatus includes a frame configuration unit 10, an analysis unit 20, and a transform coefficient encoding unit 30.
- the speech decoding apparatus also includes a transform coefficient decoding unit 50, a synthesis unit 60, and a frame connection unit 70.
- the frame configuration unit 10 frames an input speech signal in the time domain.
- the analysis unit 20 converts the framed time domain audio signal into a frequency domain signal by MDC T analysis.
- the transform coefficient encoding unit 30 encodes the transform coefficient obtained by the analysis unit 20 and outputs a coding parameter. This code parameter is sent to the speech decoding apparatus via the transmission path.
- transform coefficient decoding unit 50 decodes the encoding parameter sent via the transmission path.
- the synthesizer 60 generates a time domain signal from the decoded transform coefficient by MDCT synthesis.
- the frame connection unit 70 connects the time domain signals so as to prevent discontinuity between adjacent frames! / And outputs a decoded speech signal.
- FIG. 4 A more detailed configuration of the speech coding apparatus is as shown in FIG. 4, and signal state transitions are as shown in FIG.
- Signals A to G shown in FIG. 4 correspond to signals A to G shown in FIG.
- the frame configuration unit 10 determines the analysis frame section for long analysis (long analysis frame) and the analysis frame section for short analysis (short analysis frame). It is done. Then, the frame construction unit 10 outputs the long analysis frame signal B to the windowing unit 211 of the long analysis unit 21 and outputs the short analysis frame signal C to the windowing unit 221 of the short analysis unit 22.
- the long analysis frame length (long analysis window length) and the short analysis frame length (short analysis window length) are preliminarily determined.
- the long analysis frame length is Ml and the short analysis frame length is defined. The length of 1 m is assumed to be M2 (M1> M2). Thus, the resulting delay is M2Z2.
- the windowing unit 211 multiplies the analysis window (analysis window length) Ml long analysis frame signal B by the analysis window, and the signal D multiplied by this analysis window is used as the MDCT unit 212. Output to.
- the long analysis window shown in Fig. 6 is used as the analysis window.
- This long analysis window is designed as the analysis length Ml and the overlap section M2Z2 based on Eq. (3).
- MDCT section 212 performs MDCT on signal D in accordance with equation (4). Then, the MDCT unit 212 outputs the transform coefficient F obtained by the MDCT to the transform coefficient code key unit 30.
- ⁇ sl (i); 0 ⁇ i ⁇ Ml ⁇ is the time signal included in the long analysis frame
- ⁇ XI (k) 0 ⁇ k ⁇ MlZ2 ⁇ is the conversion coefficient obtained by the long analysis. Represents F.
- the windowing unit 221 multiplies the short analysis frame signal C of analysis length (analysis window length) M2 by the analysis window, and the signal E multiplied by this analysis window is MDCT. Output to section 222.
- the short analysis window shown in Fig. 6 is used as the analysis window.
- This short analysis window is designed as analysis length M2 (M2 ⁇ M1) based on equation (2).
- MDCT section 222 performs MDCT on signal E according to equation (5). Then, the MDCT unit 222 outputs the transform coefficient G obtained by this MDCT to the transform coefficient code key unit 30.
- ⁇ s2 (i); 0 ⁇ i ⁇ M2 ⁇ is the time signal included in the short analysis frame
- ⁇ X2 (k); 0 ⁇ k ⁇ M2Z2 ⁇ is the conversion obtained by the short analysis. Represents the coefficient G.
- Transform coefficient sign key unit 30 encodes transform coefficient F: ⁇ XI (k) ⁇ and transform coefficient G: ⁇ X2 (k) ⁇ , and time-multiplexes and outputs the respective encoding parameters. .
- the conversion coefficient code The sign key unit 30 encodes the transform coefficient ⁇ X2 (k) ⁇ with higher accuracy (smaller quantization error) than the sign y of the transform coefficient ⁇ XI (k) ⁇ .
- the transform coefficient encoding unit 30 sets the number of sign bits per transform coefficient of the transform coefficient ⁇ X2 (k) ⁇ higher than the number of sign keys per transform coefficient of the transform coefficient ⁇ XI (k) ⁇ .
- the transform coefficient ⁇ XI (k) ⁇ and the transform coefficient ⁇ X2 (k) ⁇ are encoded. That is, the transform coefficient sign key unit 30 performs sign key that reduces the quantization distortion of the transform coefficient ⁇ X2 (k) ⁇ relative to the transform coefficient ⁇ XI (k) ⁇ .
- the encoding method described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-323199 can be used as the encoding method in the transform coefficient encoding unit 30.
- FIG. 7 A more detailed configuration of the speech decoding apparatus is as shown in FIG. 7, and signal state transitions are as shown in FIG. Signals A to I shown in FIG. 7 correspond to signals A to I shown in FIG.
- the transform coefficient decoding unit 50 receives the decoded transform coefficient (length analysis) ⁇ Xlq (k); 0 ⁇ k ⁇ Ml / 2 ⁇ : A and decoding transform coefficient (short analysis) ⁇ X2q (k); 0 ⁇ k ⁇ M2Z2 ⁇ : B is decoded.
- the transform coefficient decoding unit 50 outputs the decoded transform coefficient ⁇ Xlq (k) ⁇ : A to the IMDCT unit 611 of the long synthesis unit 61, and the decoded transform coefficient ⁇ X2q (k) ⁇ : B is a short synthesis. Output to IMDCT part 621 of part 62.
- the IMDCT unit 611 performs IMDCT (inverse conversion of MDCT performed in the MDCT unit 212) on the decoded transform coefficient ⁇ Xlq (k) ⁇ to generate a long synthesized signal C.
- the long composite signal C is output to the windowing unit 612.
- the windowing unit 612 multiplies the long composite signal C by a composite window and outputs a signal E multiplied by the composite window to the intra-frame connection unit 71.
- the long analysis window shown in FIG.
- the IMDCT unit 621 performs IM DCT (inverse transformation of MDCT performed in the MDCT unit 222) on the decoded transform coefficient ⁇ X2q (k) ⁇ to generate a short synthesis signal D And the short composite signal D is output to the windowing unit 622.
- IM DCT inverse transformation of MDCT performed in the MDCT unit 222
- the windowing unit 622 multiplies the short synthesized signal D by a synthesis window, and outputs a signal F multiplied by the synthesis window to the intra-frame connection unit 71.
- the short analysis window shown in FIG. 6 is used for the synthesis window, similar to the windowing section 221 of the speech encoding apparatus.
- the n-th frame decoded signal G is generated by the intra-frame connecting unit 71, and then the n-th frame decoded signal G and the n-1th frame are decoded by the inter-frame connecting unit 73.
- the corresponding sections of signal H are superimposed and added to generate a decoded speech signal.
- in-frame connection section 71 generates a decoded signal ⁇ sq (i); 0 ⁇ i ⁇ Ml ⁇ : G of the nth frame by superimposing and adding corresponding sections of signal E and signal F.
- the interframe connection unit 73 superimposes and adds the corresponding sections of the decoded signal G of the nth frame and the decoded signal H of the (n ⁇ 1) th frame buffered in the buffer 72! Generate I. Thereafter, the decoded signal G of the nth frame is stored in the notifier 72 for processing of the next frame (n + 1 frame).
- FIG. 9 shows the correspondence between each frame of the audio signal and the analysis position in the analysis unit 20.
- the analysis of the audio signal in one frame interval (the unit that generates the sign key parameter) is always performed by combining the long analysis and the short analysis even for the V deviation frame. Done.
- MDCT analysis is performed with a combination of long, analysis length (long analysis) and short !, analysis length (short analysis), and the conversion coefficient obtained by short analysis is quantized.
- the quantization error it is possible to remove the redundancy efficiently by increasing the analysis length with a short delay, and to reduce the quantization distortion of the transform coefficient of the short analysis. can do. Therefore, the delay amount can be suppressed to a low delay of M2Z2, and the connection distortion can be reduced.
- the short analysis window is arranged behind the long analysis window in FIG. 6, but for example, as shown in FIG.
- the long analysis window may be arranged behind the short analysis window in terms of time. Even with the arrangement as shown in FIG. 10, as in the arrangement shown in FIG. 6, the delay amount can be suppressed to a low delay and the connection distortion can be reduced.
- the short analysis window is designed based on Equation (2), but the relationship between the analysis length M2 of the short analysis window and the analysis length Ml of the long analysis window is M2 ⁇ Ml. If so, the window represented by Equation (3) may be used as the short analysis window. In other words, a window designed as analysis length M2 based on equation (3) may be used as the short analysis window. An example of this is shown in FIG. Of such an analysis window Also in the configuration, the delay amount can be suppressed to a low delay, and the connection distortion can be reduced.
- the speech signal input to the speech coder is a word head or a transition part whose characteristics change abruptly, time resolution rather than frequency resolution is required.
- time resolution rather than frequency resolution is required.
- the voice quality is improved when all analysis frames are analyzed by the short analysis frame.
- the MDCT analysis performed for each frame is performed according to the characteristics of the input speech signal.
- a mode in which long analysis and short analysis are combined (long / short mixed analysis mode)
- (2) and (2) Switch between the short analysis multiple times mode (all short analysis mode).
- Figure 12 shows an example of the analysis Z composition window used for each frame in full short analysis mode.
- the long / short mixed analysis mode is as described in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 shows the configuration of the speech coding apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the speech coding apparatus according to the present embodiment further includes a determination unit 15, a multiplexing unit 35, a SW (switch) 11, and a SW12 in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment (FIG. 4).
- a determination unit 15 the same components as those in FIG.
- a multiplexing unit 35 the same components as those in FIG. Note that the output from the frame construction unit 10 to the analysis unit 20 and the output from the analysis unit 20 to the transform coefficient code unit 30 are actually performed in parallel as shown in FIG. It shall be indicated by one signal line.
- the determination unit 15 analyzes the input audio signal and determines the characteristics of the signal.
- the characteristic determination the temporal change in the feature value of the audio signal is monitored, and when the change amount is less than a predetermined amount, it is determined as a stationary part, and when the change amount exceeds a predetermined amount, it is determined as an unsteady part.
- the feature amount of the audio signal include short section power and short section spectrum.
- the determination unit 15 switches the analysis mode of the MDCT analysis between the long / short mixed analysis mode and the all short analysis mode according to the determination result. That is, when the input audio signal is a stationary part, the determination unit 15 connects SW11 and SW12 to the analysis unit 20 side, and performs MDCT analysis in the long / short mixed analysis mode using the analysis unit 20. On the other hand, if the input audio signal is an unsteady part, connect SW11 and SW12 to the short analysis part 25 side. The MDCT analysis is performed in the full-short analysis mode using the full-short analysis unit 25. By this switching, the frame of the audio signal is analyzed by a combination of the long analysis and the short analysis as in the first embodiment when it is a stationary part, and the short analysis is repeated a plurality of times when it is an unsteady part. Done.
- the full-short analysis unit 25 uses the analysis window represented by the equation (2) when the analysis window length is M2, and the equation ( The analysis is performed by MDCT shown in 5).
- the determination unit 15 encodes determination information indicating whether it is a stationary part or an unsteady part and outputs it to the multiplexing unit 35. This determination information is multiplexed by the multiplexing unit 35 and multiplexed with the coding parameter output from the transform coefficient coding unit 30.
- FIG. 14 shows the configuration of the speech decoding apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- the speech decoding apparatus according to the present embodiment further includes a separation unit 45, a decision information decoding unit 55, an all-short combining unit 65, SW21, in addition to the configuration of Embodiment 1 (FIG. 7). SW22 is provided.
- FIG. 14 the same components as those in FIG. Note that the output from the transform coefficient decoding unit 50 to the combining unit 60 and the output from the combining unit 60 to the intra-frame connecting unit 71 are actually forces performed in parallel as shown in FIG. For the sake of convenience, it shall be indicated by one signal line.
- Separating section 45 separates the input code parameter into an encoding parameter representing determination information and an encoding parameter representing a transform coefficient, and each of determination information decoding section 55 and transform coefficient decoding key Output to part 50.
- the determination information decoding unit 55 decodes the input determination information. Then, when the determination information indicates a stationary part, the determination information decoding unit 55 connects SW21 and SW22 to the combining unit 60 side, and generates a combined signal using the combining unit 60. Note that the generation of the synthesized signal using the synthesizer 60 is as described in the first embodiment. On the other hand, when the determination information indicates an unsteady part, SW21 and SW22 are connected to the all-short synthesizer 65 side, and a synthesized signal is generated using the all-short synthesizer 65. The all-short combining unit 65 performs IMDCT processing on each of a plurality of decoding transform coefficients (short analysis) in one frame to generate a combined signal.
- the input audio signal in one frame, is stable at the stationary part. If the input audio signal is an unsteady part (when the input audio signal changes rapidly), the audio signal of that frame is analyzed. Since all analysis is performed in a short analysis and the time resolution is improved, optimal MDCT analysis can be performed according to the characteristics of the input audio signal, and the audio quality can be kept good even when the characteristics of the input audio signal change. Can do.
- the overlapping section in the long / short mixed analysis mode and the overlapping section in the all short analysis mode are made the same.
- transitions such as LONG—START—WINDOW or LONG_STOP_WINDOW described in ISO / IEC IS 13818-7
- Information technology ——Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information—-Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC)
- each of the above embodiments can be applied to an extended layer of a hierarchical code with two or more layers.
- the speech encoding apparatus and speech decoding apparatus are mounted on a wireless communication apparatus such as a wireless communication mobile station apparatus or a wireless communication base station apparatus used in a mobile communication system. It is also possible.
- Each functional block used in the description of the above embodiment is typically realized as an LSI which is an integrated circuit. These may be individually made into one chip, or may be made into one chip to include some or all of them.
- IC integrated circuit
- system LSI system LSI
- super LSI non-linear LSI depending on the difference in the power integration level of LSI.
- the method of circuit integration is not limited to LSI, but is a dedicated circuit or general-purpose processor. It may be realized with. You may use an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) that can be programmed after manufacturing the LSI, or a reconfigurable processor that can reconfigure the connection and settings of the circuit cells inside the LSI.
- FPGA Field Programmable Gate Array
- the present invention can be applied to the use of a communication device in a mobile communication system, a packet communication system using the Internet protocol, or the like.
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BRPI0517513-5A BRPI0517513A (pt) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | aparelho de codificação de som e processo de sua realização |
CN200580035271XA CN101061533B (zh) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | 语音编码装置和语音编码方法 |
AT05799362T ATE537536T1 (de) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | Sprachkodierungsvorrichtung und sprachkodierungsverfahren |
US11/577,638 US8326606B2 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | Sound encoding device and sound encoding method |
JP2006543162A JP5100124B2 (ja) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | 音声符号化装置および音声符号化方法 |
EP05799362A EP1793372B1 (en) | 2004-10-26 | 2005-10-25 | Speech encoding apparatus and speech encoding method |
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EP1793372B1 (en) * | 2004-10-26 | 2011-12-14 | Panasonic Corporation | Speech encoding apparatus and speech encoding method |
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US10685662B2 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2020-06-16 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Andewandten Forschung E.V. | Apparatus and method for encoding or decoding an audio signal using a transient-location dependent overlap |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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KR20070068424A (ko) | 2007-06-29 |
BRPI0517513A (pt) | 2008-10-14 |
EP1793372A1 (en) | 2007-06-06 |
CN101061533A (zh) | 2007-10-24 |
ATE537536T1 (de) | 2011-12-15 |
EP1793372B1 (en) | 2011-12-14 |
JP5100124B2 (ja) | 2012-12-19 |
EP1793372A4 (en) | 2008-01-23 |
JPWO2006046546A1 (ja) | 2008-05-22 |
US20080065373A1 (en) | 2008-03-13 |
CN101061533B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
US8326606B2 (en) | 2012-12-04 |
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