WO2006005909A1 - Substituted acids for the treatment of respiratory diseases - Google Patents

Substituted acids for the treatment of respiratory diseases Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2006005909A1
WO2006005909A1 PCT/GB2005/002650 GB2005002650W WO2006005909A1 WO 2006005909 A1 WO2006005909 A1 WO 2006005909A1 GB 2005002650 W GB2005002650 W GB 2005002650W WO 2006005909 A1 WO2006005909 A1 WO 2006005909A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
chloro
phenoxy
phenyl
ethylsulfonyl
trifluoromethyl
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2005/002650
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Roger Victor Bonnert
Stephen Thom
Anil Patel
Timothy Jon Luker
Original Assignee
Astrazeneca Ab
Astrazeneca Uk Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Astrazeneca Ab, Astrazeneca Uk Limited filed Critical Astrazeneca Ab
Priority to ES05758184.5T priority Critical patent/ES2442677T3/en
Priority to CN200580030192XA priority patent/CN101014564B/en
Priority to EP05758184.5A priority patent/EP1765768B1/en
Priority to JP2007519879A priority patent/JP4869225B2/en
Priority to US11/571,707 priority patent/US8022248B2/en
Publication of WO2006005909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2006005909A1/en

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    • C07D239/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings
    • C07D239/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings
    • C07D239/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D239/26—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-diazine or hydrogenated 1,3-diazine rings not condensed with other rings having three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D271/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D271/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D271/06—1,2,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,2,4-oxadiazoles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to substituted acids as useful pharmaceutical compounds for treating respiratory disorders, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and 5 processes for their preparation.
  • EPA 1 170 594 discloses methods for the identification of compounds useful for the treatment of disease states mediated by prostaglandin D2, a ligand for orphan receptor CRTH2.
  • GB 1356834 discloses a series of compounds said to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. It has been found that certain acids are active at the ic CRTH2 receptor, and as a consequence are expected to be potentially useful for the treatment of various respiratory diseases, including asthma and COPD.
  • the invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof:
  • T is a bond, S(O) n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), CR 1 R 2 or NR 13 ;
  • W is O, S(O) n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), NR 13 , CR 1 OR 2 or CR 1 R 2 ;
  • X is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, S(O) n R 6 , OR 12 or Ci -6 alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms;
  • Y is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, nitro, SO 2 R 3 , OR 4 , SR 4 , SOR 3 , SO 2 NR 4 R 5 , 2s CONR 4 R 5 , NR 4 R 5 , NR 6 SO 2 R 3 , NR 6 CO 2 R 6 , NR 6 COR 3 , C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 1-6 alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, OR 6 and NR 6 R 7 , S(O) n R 6 where n is O, 1 or
  • Z is aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from from hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, SH, nitro, CO 2 R 6 , SO 2 R 9 , OR 9 , SR 9 , SOR 9 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 R 11 , NHSO 2 R 9 , NR 9 SO 2 R 9 , NR 6 CO 2 R 6 , NHCOR 9 , NR 9 COR 9 ,
  • R and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or a C 1-6 alkyl group, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, NR 6 R 7 , OR 6 , S(O) n R 6 (where n is O, 1 or 2); or R 1 and R 2 together can form a 3-8 membered ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S, NR 6 and itself optionally substituted by one or more C 1 -C 3 alkyl or halogen;
  • R 4 and R 5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a 3-8 membered saturated heterocylic ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from
  • R 6 and R 7 independently represents a hydrogen atom or C 1 -C 6 alkyl
  • R 8 is hydrogen, Cr 4 alkyl, -COC 1 -C 4 alkyl, CO 2 C r C 4 alkyl or CONR 6 d-C 4 alkyl;
  • R 10 and R 11 independently represent aryl or heteroaryl, hydrogen, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 1-6 alkyl, the latter two groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C 3 -C 7 cycl
  • R represents a hydrogen atom or C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms
  • R 13 represents a hydrogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms or C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, SO 2 R 6 or COC 1 -C 4 alkyl, provided that
  • R 10 R 11 are independently hydrogen, aryl, or alkyl, and • the compounds 2-[(4-carboxyphenyl)amino]-4,5-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid and 4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-benzeneacetic acid are excluded.
  • aryl include phenyl and naphthyl.
  • Heteroaryl is defined as a 5-7 member aromatic ring or can be 6,6- or 6,5-fused bicyclic ring optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, O.
  • the bicyclic ring may be linked through carbon or nitrogen and may be attached through the 5 or 6 membered ring and can be fully or partially saturated.
  • Examples include pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, oxazole, pyrazole, imidazole, furan, isoxazole, pyrrole, isothiazole and azulene, naphthyl, indene, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, indolizine, benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene, lH-indazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, benzoxazole, purine, 4H-quinolizine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,8- naphthyridine, pteridine and quinolone.
  • Aryl or heteroaryl groups can be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, SH, nitro, CO 2 R 6 , SO 2 R 9 , OR 9 , SR 9 , SOR 9 , SO 2 NR 10 R 11 , CONR 10 R 11 , NR 10 R 11 , NHSO 2 R 9 , NR 9 SO 2 R 9 , NR 6 CO 2 R 6 , NHCOR 9 , NR 9 COR 9 , NR 6 CONR 4 R 5 , NR 6 SO 2 NR 4 R 5 , aryl, heteroaryl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl or C 1-6 alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, OR 6 , NR 6 R 7 , S(O) n
  • an alkyl or alkenyl group or an alkyl or alkenyl moiety in a substituent group may be linear or branched.
  • Heterocyclic rings as defined for R 4 , R 5 and R 10 and R 11 means saturated heterocycles, examples include morpholine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine.
  • X is trifluoromethyl or halogen, in particular chloro and fluoro.
  • Y is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl, such as methyl. More preferably Y is hydrogen.
  • Z is phenyl, optionally substituted as defined above.
  • Preferred substituents for all Z groups include those substituents exemplified herein, in particular heteroaryl, aryl halogen, SO 2 R 9 , CF 3 and CN. More preferably the substituents are halogen, SO 2 R 9 where R 9 is methyl or ethyl, CF 3 or CN. Most preferably Z is phenyl substituted by two substituents, one of which is SO 2 R 9 where R 9 is methyl or ethyl, and the other is halogen, preferably chloro fluoro, or CF 3 .
  • R 1 and R 2 are independently hydrogen or C 1-3 alkyl. More preferably R 1 and R are independently hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably R and R are both hydrogen.
  • W is O, S(O) n (where n is O, 1 or 2), NR 13 , CR 1 R 2 . More preferably W is O, S, NH or CH 2 . Most preferably W is O, S or NH. Even more preferably W is O;
  • T is a bond, S, CR 1 R 2 or NR 13 . More preferably T is a bond, S, CR 1 R 2 where R 1 , R 2 are independently hydrogen or methyl, or T is an NH group. Most preferably T is a bond, CH 2 , or NH.
  • Preferred compounds of the invention include: N-(4-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)glycine;
  • Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomers forms. It will be understood that the invention encompasses all geometric and optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures thereof including racemates. Tautomers and mixtures thereof also form an aspect of the present invention.
  • the compound of formula (I) above may be converted to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, preferably a basic addition salt such as sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, ethyldiamine, meglumine, tromethamine, tertiary-butylamine and procaine, or an acid addition salt such as a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, methanesulphonate or ⁇ -toluenesulphonate.
  • a basic addition salt such as sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, ethyldiamine, meglumine, tromethamine, tertiary-butylamine and procaine
  • T S or NR 13 and W, X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, with a compound of formula (III):
  • R and R are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, R is H or C 1 -C 10 alkyl group and L is a leaving group, and optionally thereafter in any order:
  • Suitable groups R 14 include Ci -6 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl.
  • Suitable L is a leaving group such as triflate or halo, in particular chlorine or bromine. L may also be hydroxy so that a Mitsunobu reaction may be performed with compound (II) using for example triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate.
  • Hydrolysis of the ester group R can be carried out using routine procedures, for example treatment of methyl and ethyl esters with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and treatment of tert- butyl esters with acids such as trifluoroacetic acid.
  • L 1 is halogen, activated alcohol such as triflate or alkyl sulphone or sulphoxide.
  • the reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • a suitable solvent such as l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone
  • a base such as potassium carbonate
  • reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile using isoamylnitrite to form the diazonium, then reaction with ethyl mercaptoacetate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile using isoamylnitrite to form the diazonium, then reaction with ethyl mercaptoacetate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • the first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • a suitable reducing agent such as iron in acetic acid or hydrogenation.
  • Route A (i) in which L 1 is a leaving group, W O, S or NR 13 and X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • the nitro group is reduced first to the aniline using a suitable reducing agent such as iron in acetic acid or hydrogenation.
  • the second step introduces the group 'Z', which can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • L is a leaving group
  • W O, S or NR 13
  • X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • the first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • the formyl group can then be reduced to the alcohol using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in ethanol.
  • the alcohol can be converted into a leaving group such as a mesylate, using methanesulphonyl chloride and triethylamine and displaced with the anion of a dialkylmalonate.
  • the diester can be decarboxylated with sodium chloride in DMSO/water at elevated temperatures.
  • P is a protecting group such as benzyl.
  • the first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a dealkylating agent such as lithium chloride, preferably at elevated temperatures.
  • the alcohol group can then be protected using a suitable protecting reagent such as bromobenzyl
  • a suitable protecting reagent such as bromobenzyl
  • the formyl group can be converted into an alkene using the Homer- Wadsworth Emmons procedure, reacting with a phosphonate group in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride.
  • the corresponding alkene is reduced and the protecting group removed in one step using a suitable reduction method such as hydrogenation.
  • the first reaction can be carried out with a suitable alkene using a palladium catalyst, in a suitable solvent such as DMF.
  • X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • P 2 can be hydrogen, methyl or an alcohol protecting group.
  • the first step can be carried with a suitable reducing agent such as borane in a solvent such as THF at elevated temperatures.
  • the alcohol is then converted to the aldehyde in the presence of a suitable oxidising agent such as manganese dioxide.
  • the propanoic acid is formed by reaction with triethylamine and
  • the group Z is introduced as described in route A (i).
  • the protecting group P 2 or when P 2 is alkyl, may be removed at any stage in the sequence using methods described in
  • Route B (i) or known literature procedures.
  • the sequence of steps can also be reversed, for example the group Z can be added as the first step in the sequence.
  • Route B (iv) in which L 1 is a leaving group (as defined in (V)), X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • the first step is a Heck Reaction as outlined for Route B (ii).
  • the product is then reduced using a suitable reagent such as Platinum on Charcoal.
  • the group Z is then added in the presence of a base usch as sodium hydride.
  • Compound VI is alkylated as described earlier.
  • the nitrogen atom can be alkylated using dimethyl sulfate in the presence of base such as sodium bicarbonate at elevated temperatures to give compounds of formula (II).
  • the ester is deprotected using a suitable base such as hydroxide to give compounds of formula (I).
  • the group (VI) can be prepared as outlined in Route A.
  • L 1 a leaving group as defined in (V).
  • R 9 and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • Compounds of formula (VII) are diazotised using a reagent such as isoamylnitrite, then reacted with R 9 S-SR 9 , preferably at elevated temperatures. The product is then oxidised using a reagent such as oxone or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid in a chlorinated solvent such as dichloromethane or the like.
  • a reagent such as oxone or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid in a chlorinated solvent such as dichloromethane or the like.
  • Compounds of formula (VII) are commercially available or can be prepared by those skilled in the art using literature procedures.
  • T, W, X, Y, Z and R 14 are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
  • the compounds of formula (VIV) can be reacted with either a Boronic acid or Organostannane using a suitable catlyst such as Pd(dppi)Cl 2 in the presence of a base such as caesium fluoride at elevated temperatures, in a solvent such as dioxan.
  • the first step can be carried out using a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. This can be converted to the nitrile using a suitable reagent such as sodium cyanide in a polar solvent such as DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • a suitable reagent such as sodium cyanide in a polar solvent such as DMF at elevated temperatures.
  • the acid group can be formed using a strong base, such as hydroxide, suitably potassium hydroxide.
  • the ether group can be cleaved using suitable dealkylation conditions, such as heating in a mixture of hydrobromic acid and acetic acid.
  • the group Z-L 1 is introduced as described in route A (i)
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in therapy.
  • the compounds of formula (I) have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as modulators of CRTh2 receptor activity, and may be used in the treatment (therapeutic or prophylactic) of conditions/diseases in human and non-human animals which are exacerbated or caused by excessive or unregulated production of PGD 2 and its metabolites.
  • conditions/diseases include:
  • respiratory tract obstructive diseases of the airways including: asthma, including bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic, exercise-induced, drug-induced (including aspirin and NSAID-induced) and dust-induced asthma, both intermittent and persistent and of all severities, and other causes of airway hyper-responsiveness; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchitis, including infectious and eosinophilic bronchitis; emphysema; bronchiectasis; cystic fibrosis; sarcoidosis; farmer's lung and related diseases; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; lung fibrosis, including cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, fibrosis complicating anti-neoplastic therapy and chronic infection, including tuberculosis and aspergillosis and other fungal infections; complications of lung transplantation; vasculitic and thrombotic disorders of the lung vasculature
  • osteoarthritides associated with or including osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis both primary and secondary to, for example, congenital hip dysplasia; cervical and lumbar spondylitis, and low back and neck pain; rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease; seronegative spondyloarthropathies including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondarthropathy; septic arthritis and other infection-related arthopathies and bone disorders such as tuberculosis, including Potts' disease and Poncet's syndrome; acute and chronic crystal-induced synovitis including urate gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and calcium apatite related tendon, bursal and synovial inflammation; Behcet's disease; primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome; systemic sclerosis and limited scleroderma; systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective
  • arthitides for example rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout or crystal arthropathy
  • other joint disease such as intervertebral disc degeneration or temporomandibular joint degeneration
  • bone remodelling disease such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease or osteonecrosis
  • polychondritits such as osteoporosis, Paget's
  • skin psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis or other eczematous dermatoses, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; phyto- and photodermatitis; seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus et atrophica, pyoderma gangrenosum, skin sarcoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedema, vasculitides, toxic erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, alopecia areata, male-pattern baldness, Sweet's syndrome, Weber-Christian syndrome, erythema multiforme; cellulitis, both infective and non-infective; panniculitis;cutaneous lymphomas, non-melanoma
  • eyes blepharitis; conjunctivitis, including perennial and vernal allergic conjunctivitis; ulceris; anterior and posterior uveitis; choroiditis; autoimmune; degenerative or inflammatory disorders affecting the retina; ophthalmitis including sympathetic ophthalmitis; sarcoidosis; infections including viral , fungal, and bacterial; 6.
  • gastrointestinal tract glossitis, gingivitis, periodontitis; oesophagitis, including reflux; eosinophilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, colitis including ulcerative colitis, proctitis, pruritis ani; coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food-related allergies which may have effects remote from the gut (for example migraine, rhinitis or eczema);
  • abdominal hepatitis, including autoimmune, alcoholic and viral; fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver; cholecystitis; pancreatitis, both acute and chronic;
  • nephritis including interstitial and glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome; cystitis including acute and chronic (interstitial) cystitis and Hunner's ulcer; acute and chronic urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, oophoritis and salpingitis; vulvo-vaginitis; Peyronie's disease; erectile dysfunction (both male and female);
  • allograft rejection acute and chronic following, for example, transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, bone marrow, skin or cornea or following blood transfusion; or chronic graft
  • CNS Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders including CJD and nvCJD; amyloidosis; multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating syndromes; cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis; temporal arteritis; myasthenia gravis; acute and chronic pain (acute, intermittent or persistent, whether of central or peripheral origin) including visceral pain, io headache, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain, joint and bone pain, pain arising from cancer and tumor invasion, neuropathic pain syndromes including diabetic, post ⁇ herpetic, and HIV-associated neuropathies; neurosarcoidosis; central and peripheral nervous system complications of malignant, infectious or autoimmune processes;
  • cardiovascular atherosclerosis, affecting the coronary and peripheral circulation; pericarditis; myocarditis , inflammatory and auto-immune cardiomyopathies including myocardial sarcoid; ischaemic reperfusion injuries; endocarditis, valvulitis, and aortitis including infective (for example syphilitic); vasculitides; disorders of the proximal and peripheral veins including phlebitis and thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis and
  • oncology treatment of common cancers including prostate, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bowel and colon, stomach, skin and brain tumors and malignancies affecting the bone marrow (including the leukaemias) and lymphoproliferative systems, such as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; including the prevention and treatment of metastatic disease
  • gastrointestinal tract Coeliac disease, proctitis, eosinopilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, indeterminant colitis, irritable bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, non-inflammatory diarrhea, food-related allergies which have effects remote from the gut, e.g., migraine, rhinitis and eczema. 16. Diseases associated with raised levels of PGD 2 or its metabolites.
  • the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically- acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined for use in therapy.
  • the compounds of the invention are used to treat diseases in which the chemokine receptor belongs to the CRTh2 receptor subfamily.
  • the compounds of the invention are used to treat asthma.
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.
  • the invention further relates to combination therapies wherein a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of the invention, is administered concurrently or sequentially or as a combined preparation with another therapeutic agent or agents, for the treatment of one or more of the conditions listed.
  • a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of the invention
  • another therapeutic agent or agents for the treatment of one or more of the conditions listed.
  • the compounds of the invention may be combined with agents listed below.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents including non-selective cyclo-oxygenase COX-I / COX-2 inhibitors whether applied topically or systemically (such as piroxicam, diclofenac, propionic acids such as naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen and ibuprofen, fenamates such as mefenamic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, azapropazone, pyrazolones such as phenylbutazone, salicylates such as aspirin); selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, lumarocoxib, parecoxib and etoricoxib); cyclo-oxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donors (CINODs); glucocorticosteroids (whether administered by topical, oral, intravepiroxicam, rt
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a cytokine or agonist or antagonist of cytokine function, (including agents which act on cytokine signalling pathways such as modulators of the SOCS system) including alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons; insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I); interleukins (IL) including ILl to 17, and interleukin antagonists or inhibitors such as anakinra; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF- ⁇ ) inhibitors such as anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (for example infliximab; adalimumab, and CDP-870) and TNF receptor antagonists including immunoglobulin molecules (such as etanercept) and low-molecular-weight agents such as pentoxyfylline.
  • a cytokine or agonist or antagonist of cytokine function including agents which act on cytokine signal
  • the invention relates to a combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a monoclonal antibody targeting B- Lymphocytes (such as CD20 (rituximab), MRA-aTLl ⁇ R and T-Lymphocytes, CTLA4-Ig,
  • B- Lymphocytes such as CD20 (rituximab), MRA-aTLl ⁇ R and T-Lymphocytes, CTLA4-Ig
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a modulator of chemokine receptor function such as an antagonist of CCRl, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCRlO and CCRIl (for the C-C family); CXCRl,
  • CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5 for the C-X-C family
  • CX 3 CRl for the C-X 3 -C family.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with an inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease (MMPs), i.e., the stromelysins, the collagenases, and the gelatinases, as well as aggrecanase; especially collagenase-1 (MMP-I), collagenase-2 (MMP-8), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-IO), and stromelysin-3 (MMP-Il) and MMP-9 and MMP- 12, including agents such as doxycycline.
  • MMPs matrix metalloprotease
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor or 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) antagonist such as; zileuton; ABT-761; fenleuton; tepoxalin; Abbott-79175; Abbott-85761; a N-(5-substituted)-thiophene-2-alkylsulfonamide; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolhydrazones; a methoxytetrahydropyrans such as Zeneca ZD-2138; the compound SB-210661; apyridinyl- substituted 2-cyanonaphthalene compound such as L-739,010; a 2-cyanoquinoline compound such as L-746,530; or an indole or quinoline compound such as MK-591, MK-886, and BAY s
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a receptor antagonist for leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4.
  • a receptor antagonist for leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4 selected from the group consisting of the phenothiazin-3-ls such as L-651,392; amidino compounds such as CGS-25019c; benzoxalamines such as o ontazolast; benzenecarboximidamides such as BIIL 284/260; and compounds such as zafirlukast, ablukast, montelukast, pranlukast, verlukast (MK-679), RG-12525, Ro-245913, iralukast (CGP 45715A), and BAY x 7195.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor such as a methylxanthanine including theophylline and aminophylline; a selective PDE isoenzyme inhibitor including a PDE4 inhibitor an inhibitor of the isoform PDE4D, or an inhibitor of PDE5.
  • PDE phosphodiesterase
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist such 0 as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine, terfenadine, astemizole, azelastine, levocabastine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyclizine, or mizolastine; applied orally, topically or parenterally.
  • a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist such 0 as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine, terfenadine, astemizole, azelastine, levocabastine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyclizine, or mizolastine
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a proton pump inhibitor (such as 5 omeprazole) or a gastroprotective histamine type 2 receptor antagonist.
  • a proton pump inhibitor such as 5 omeprazole
  • a gastroprotective histamine type 2 receptor antagonist such as a gastroprotective histamine type 2 receptor antagonist.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antagonist of the histamine type 4 receptor.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the 0 invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an alpha- l/alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist vasoconstrictor sympathomimetic agent, such as propylhexedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, naphazoline hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride, xylometazoline hydrochloride, tramazoline hydrochloride or ethyhiorepinephrine hydrochloride.
  • an alpha- l/alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist vasoconstrictor sympathomimetic agent such as propylhexedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, naphazoline hydro
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an anticholinergic agents including muscarinic receptor (Ml, M2, and M3) antagonist such as atropine, hyoscine, glycopyrrrolate, ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, pirenzepine or telenzepine.
  • Ml, M2, and M3 antagonist such as atropine, hyoscine, glycopyrrrolate, ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, pirenzepine or telenzepine.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a beta-adrenoceptor agonist (including beta receptor subtypes 1-4) such as isoprenaline, salbutamol, formoterol, salmeterol, terbutaline, orciprenaline, bitolterol mesylate, or pirbuterol, or a chiral enantiomer thereof.
  • a beta-adrenoceptor agonist including beta receptor subtypes 1-4
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a chromone, such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium.
  • a chromone such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a glucocorticoid, such as flunisolide, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with an agent that modulates a nuclear hormone receptor such as PPARs.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with an immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig preparation or an antagonist or antibody modulating Ig function such as anti-IgE (for example omalizumab).
  • an immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig preparation or an antagonist or antibody modulating Ig function such as anti-IgE (for example omalizumab).
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and another systemic or topically-applied anti ⁇ inflammatory agent, such as thalidomide or a derivative thereof, a retinoid, dithranol or calcipotriol.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and combinations of aminosalicylates and sulfapyridine such as sulfasalazine, mesalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine; and immunomodulatory agents such as the thiopurines, and corticosteroids such as budesonide.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with an antibacterial agent such as a penicillin derivative, a tetracycline, a macrolide, a beta-lactam, a fluoroquinolone, metronidazole, an inhaled aminoglycoside; an antiviral agent including acyclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, amantadine, rimantadine, ribavirin, zanamavir and oseltamavir; a protease inhibitor such as indinavir, nelfmavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir; a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, zalcitabine or zidovudine; or a non-nucleoside reverse transcripta
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a cardiovascular agent such as a calcium channel blocker, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist; a lipid lowering agent such as a statin or a f ⁇ brate; a modulator of blood cell morphology such as pentoxyfylline; thrombolytic, or an anticoagulant such as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
  • a cardiovascular agent such as a calcium channel blocker, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist
  • ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme
  • angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist
  • a lipid lowering agent such as a statin or a f ⁇ brate
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a CNS agent such as an antidepressant (such as sertraline), an anti-Parkinsonian drug (such as deprenyl, L-dopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, a MAOB inhibitor such as selegine and rasagiline, a comP inhibitor such as tasmar, an A-2 inhibitor, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, a nicotine agonist, a dopamine agonist or an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), or an anti- Alzheimer's drug such as donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, a COX-2 inhibitor, propentofylline or metrifonate.
  • a CNS agent such as an antidepressant (such as sertraline), an anti-Parkinsonian drug (such as deprenyl, L-dop
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an agent for the treatment of acute or chronic pain, such as a centrally or peripherally-acting analgesic (for example an opioid or derivative thereof), carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate, amitryptiline or other anti-depressant agent-s, paracetamol, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
  • the present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a parenterally or topically-applied (including inhaled) local anaesthetic agent such as lignocaine or a derivative thereof.
  • a compound of the present invention can also be used in combination with an anti-osteoporosis agent including a hormonal agent such as raloxifene, or a biphosphonate such as alendronate.
  • an anti-osteoporosis agent including a hormonal agent such as raloxifene, or a biphosphonate such as alendronate.
  • the present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a: (i) tryptase inhibitor; (ii) platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist; (iii) interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor; (iv) IMPDH inhibitor; (v) adhesion molecule inhibitors including VLA-4 antagonist; (vi) cathepsin; (vii) kinase inhibitor such as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (such as Btk, Itk, Jak3 or MAP, for example Gefitinib or Imatinib mesylate), a serine / threonine kinase (such as an inhibitor of a MAP kinase such as p38, INK, protein kinase A, B or C, or IKK), or a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation (such as a cylin dependent kinase);
  • -receptor antagonist for example colchicine
  • anti-gout agent for example colchicine
  • xanthine oxidase inhibitor for example allopurinol
  • uricosuric agent for example probenecid, sulfinpyrazone or benzbromarone
  • growth hormone secretagogue for example transforming growth factor (TGF ⁇ );
  • PDGF platelet-derived growth factor
  • fibroblast growth factor for example basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF);
  • GM-CSF granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • capsaicin cream for example tachykinin NK.subl.
  • NKP-608C SB-233412 (talnetant) or D-4418
  • elastase inhibitor such as UT-77 or ZD-0892
  • TACE TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitor
  • iNOS induced nitric oxide synthase
  • chemoattractant receptor- homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells such as a CRTH2 antagonist
  • inhibitor of P38 agent modulating the function of Toll-like receptors (TLR),
  • TLR Toll-like receptors
  • P2X7 purinergic receptors
  • inhibitor of transcription factor activation such as NFkB, API, or STATS.
  • a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can also be used in combination with an existing therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer
  • suitable agents include: (i) an antiproliferative/antineoplastic drag or a combination thereof, as used in medical oncology, such as an alkylating agent (for example cis-platin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan or a nitrosourea); an antimetabolite (for example an antifolate such as a fluoropyrimidine like 5-fluorouracil or tegafur, raltitrexed, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea, gemcitabine or paclitaxel); an antitumour antibiotic (for example an anthracycline such as adriamycin, bleomycin, doxorabicin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarabicin,
  • a cytostatic agent such as an antioestrogen (for example tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene, droloxifene or iodoxyfene), an oestrogen receptor down regulator (for example fulvestrant), an antiandrogen (for example bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide or cyproterone acetate), a LHRH antagonist or LHRH agonist (for example goserelin, leuprorelin or buserelin), a progestogen (for example megestrol acetate), an aromatase inhibitor (for example as anastrozole, letrozole, vorazole or exemestane) or an inhibitor of 5 ⁇ -reductase such as finasteride; (iii) an agent which inhibits cancer cell invasion (for example a metalloproteinase inhibitor like marimastat or an inhibitor of urokinase plasm
  • an inhibitor of growth factor function for example: a growth factor antibody (for example the anti-erbb2 antibody trastuzumab, or the anti-erbbl antibody cetuximab [C225]), a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor family (for example an EGFR family tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3- morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (gef ⁇ tinib, AZD 1839), N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7- bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (erlotinib, OSI-774) or 6-acrylamido-N-(3-chloro- 4-fluoroph
  • vascular damaging agent such as combretastatin A4, or a compound disclosed in WO
  • an agent used in antisense therapy for example one directed to one of the targets listed above, such as ISIS 2503, an anti-ras antisense;
  • an agent used in a gene therapy approach for example approaches to replace aberrant genes such as aberrant p53 or aberrant BRCAl or BRCA2, GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy) approaches such as those using cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase or a bacterial nitroreductase enzyme and approaches to increase patient tolerance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy such as multi-drug resistance gene therapy; or
  • an agent used in an immunotherapeutic approach for example ex-vivo and in- vivo approaches to increase the immunogenicity of patient tumour cells, such as transfection with cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, approaches to decrease T-cell anergy, approaches using transfected immune cells such as cytokine-transfected dendritic cells, approaches using cytokine-transfected tumour cell lines and approaches using anti-idiotypic antibodies.
  • cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor
  • the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula
  • the invention still further provides a method of treating diseases mediated by PGD2 or its metabolites wherein the prostanoid binds to its receptor (especially CRTh2) receptor, which comprises administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, as hereinbefore defined.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease, especially psoriasis, in a patient suffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined.
  • the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration, the treatment desired and the disorder indicated.
  • the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration, the treatment desired and the disorder indicated.
  • the compound of formula (I), prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof may be used on their own but will generally be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition in which the formula (I) compound/salt/solvate (active ingredient) is in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical composition will preferably comprise from 0.05 to 99 %w (per cent by weight), more preferably from 0.05 to 80 %w, still more preferably from 0.10 to 70 %w, and even more preferably from 0.10 to 50 %w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.
  • the present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as herein before defined, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be administered topically (e.g. to the lung and/or airways or to the skin) in the form of solutions, suspensions, heptafluoroalkane aerosols and dry powder formulations; or systemically, e.g. by oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders or granules, or by parenteral administration in the form of solutions or suspensions, or by subcutaneous administration or by rectal administration in the form of suppositories or transdermally.
  • the compound of the invention is administered orally.
  • reverse phase HPLC was conducted using a Symmetry, NovaPak 5 or Ex-Terra reverse phase silica column; (v) solvents were dried with MgSO 4 or Na 2 SO 4 (vi) the following abbreviations are used:
  • step (ii) 3 -[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzonitrile
  • the product from step (i) (2.Og) was dissolved in dry ethanol (20ml) then sodium borohydride (0.15g) added. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight then evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The solid was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid and ethylacetate, the organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure , yield 0.7Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 steps (vi)-(vii) using iodoethane.
  • step (ii) (0.80g) and reduced iron powder (0.80g) in glacial acetic acid (30ml) was vigorously stirred at RT for 2h.
  • the mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil which was neutralised with 2M NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate.
  • the organics were dried, evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/ethylacetate 2:1, yield 0.7Og.
  • Ethyl [(4-chloro-2- ⁇ [2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio ⁇ phenyl)thio]acetate Ethyl mercaptoacetate (0.1 ImI) followed by isoamylnitrite (0.16ml) were added to a solution of the product from step (iii) (0.35g) in dry acetonitrile (20ml) and heated at 60°C for 1Oh. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with diethylether, the organics dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 1:1, yield 0.1 Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (ii) using the product from step (i). Yield 1.Og. o IH NMR CDCl 3 : ⁇ 8.08-8.05 (2H, m), 7.82-7.78 (IH, d), 7.38-7.26 (IH, d), 7.08-7.04 (2H, d), 3.19-3.12 (2H, q), 1.35-1.30 (3H, t).
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step (ii) using 4- fluoro-2-methoxybenzaldehyde, yield 3.Og.
  • IH NMR CDCl 3 ⁇ 11.83 (IH, s), 9.83 (IH, s), 7.58-7.53 (IH, m), 6.75-6.65 (2H, m).
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step v) using 2-nitro-5- fluoro phenol. Yield 1.74g.
  • the title compound was prepared using the product from example 11 step ii) (0.50g) which was dissolved in dry acetone (30ml) and treated with trichloro-methylpropanol (0.75g). The mixture was cooled to 0 C before adding crushed sodium hydroxide (0.183g) and stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. This process was repeated a further two times and left to stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was extracted with ether(discarded). The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate ,dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give a white solid.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from example 15 step ii).(0.70g) which was dissolved in dimethylsulphate (3ml). Sodium hydrogen carbonate
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 4- bromo-l-(methylsulphonyl)-2-trifluoromethylbenzene yield and the product from example 20 step i) 0.6Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step vii) using 4- bromo-l-(ethylthio)-2-trifluoromethylbenzene yield (0.97g).
  • IH NMR CDCl 3 ⁇ 8.13-7.89 (3H, m), 3.31-3.24 (2H, q), 1.34-1.29 (3H, t).
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the example 3 step viii) using the product from example 22 step i) and 2-amino-5-chlorophenol. Yield 1.Og
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using 3-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)phenol (5.Og) which was cooled to 0 C and 65% nitric acid (6ml) was added dropwise. After the addition, the mixture was kept at 0 C for 1 hour. This was diluted with saturated sodium acetate solution, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 3.67g
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 2- amino-5-chlorophenol and 3-chloro-4-fluorobromobenzene. Yield 2.05g. IH NMR CDCl 3 : ⁇ 7.61-7.60. (IH, s), 7.37-7.25 (IH, m), 7.05-6.93 (IH, m), 6.83-6.71 (3H, m), 3.85 (2H, s).
  • the subtitle compound was prepared using the product from example 29 step i) (0.6Og) which was dissolved in ethanol (20ml) and treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.30g) followed by potassium carbonate (0.6Og). The mixture was heated at 90 C for 2 hours, cooled and the solid filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a red oil. Yield 0.94g.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared using the product from step i) (0.94g) which was dissolved in pyridine (10ml) and treated with acetyl chloride (0.22ml) at 0 C. This was then allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 hours, diluted with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with diethyl ether/isohexane 3:1, yield 0.50g.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from example 30 step ii) (0.2Og) which was dissolved in dry dioxane (10ml). Cesium fluoride (0.15g) followed by pyrimidine-5-boronic acid (0.058g) and Palladium(diphenylphosphinoferrocene) dichloride (0.017g) were added and the mixture was heated at 80 C for 10 hours. The mixture was diluted with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 0.2Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 417 (M+l)
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using 5-chloro-2-hydroxyrnethylphenol (prepared from the method of Vargha.et.al Acta.Chim.Acad.Hung., 4, 1954, 345-360) (5g) which was dissolved in DCM (200ml) and manganese (iv) oxide (1Og) added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown solid. Yield 3.48g. MS: ESI (-ve) 155 (M-I) ii) 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from step i). (3.48g) was added to a solution of triethylamine (10ml) and formic acid (7ml) in DMF (30ml) after 20 minutes. Meldrum's acid (3.22g) was added and the mixture heated to 100 C for 4 hours. The solution was basified with 2M NaOH, extracted with ether(discarded). The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with diethyl ether/isohexane 1 :5, yield 0.4Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step iv) using the product from step i) and diethyldisulphide. Yield 2.5Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step vii) using the product from step ii). Yield 2.1Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 36 steps ii-iii) using 4- fluoro-3-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)aniline. Yield 1.9Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared using the method of example 36 steps i-iii) using dimethyldisulphide. Yield 2.Og
  • step (i) 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2(lH)-quinolinone.
  • a mixture of the product from step (i) (4.95g) and 5% platinum on carbon (0.40Og) and a few drops of 2M hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate (30ml) was hydrogenated under a pressure of 3 bar.
  • the catalyst was removed by filtration through celite and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to a brown solid, which was triturated with diethyl ether to give a pink solid.
  • step (iii) 4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid.
  • a solution of the product from step (ii) (0.174g) and sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.039g) in DMF (10ml) was stirred at 50°C for 1 hour.
  • the product from example 3 step (vi)- (vii) (0.20Og) was added and the mixture was refluxed at 90°C for 3 hours.
  • the mixture was partitioned between 2M sodium hydroxide and diethyl ether.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using 2-chloro-4-fluorobezaldehyde (1.16g) in dry DMF (20ml). The mixture was treated with sodium thiomethoxide (0.52g) and heated to 50°C for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a solid. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 2:1 to give a white solid, yield Q 0.7Og.
  • the subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from step ii) (0.7g) which was Q dissolved in DCM (30ml) and cooled to O 0 C before adding 70% m-CPBA (0.46g). The mixture was kept at 0 C for 2 hours, washed with a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The oil was dissolved in DCM (10ml) and cooled to 0°C before adding trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.40ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure s to an oil and dissolved in ethanol (10ml). Triethylamine (10ml) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 hour.
  • [ 3 H]PGD 2 was purchased from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences with a specific activity of 100-210Ci/mmol. All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
  • HEK cells expressing rhCRTh2 / G ⁇ l6 were routinely maintained in DMEM containing 10% Foetal Bovine Serum (HyClone), lmg/ml geneticin, 2mM L-glutamine and 1% non ⁇ essential amino acids.
  • the adherent transfected HEKcells were grown to confluence in two layer tissue culture factories (Fisher, catalogue number TKT-170-070E). Maximal levels of receptor expression were induced by addition of 50OmM sodium butyrate for the last 18 hours of culture.
  • the adherent cells were washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 50ml per cell factory) and detached by the addition of 50ml per cell factory of ice-cold membrane homogenisation buffer [2OmM HEPES (pH 7.4), O.lmM dithiothreitol, ImM EDTA, O.lmM phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride and lOO ⁇ g/ml bacitracin].
  • PBS phosphate buffered saline
  • 2OmM HEPES pH 7.4
  • O.lmM dithiothreitol O.lmM dithiothreitol
  • ImM EDTA O.lmM phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride
  • lOO ⁇ g/ml bacitracin lOO ⁇ g/ml bacitracin
  • AU assays were performed in Corning clear bottomed, white 96-well NBS plates (Fisher). Prior to assay, the HEK cells membranes containing CRTh2 were coated onto SPA PVT WGA beads (Amersham). For coating membranes were incubated with beads at typically 25 ⁇ g membrane protein per mg beads at 4°C with constant agitation overnight. (The optimum coating concentrations were determined for each batch of membranes) The beads were pelleted by centrifugation (800xg for 7minutes at 4°C), washed once with assay buffer (5OmM HEPES pH 7.4 containing 5mM magnesium chloride) and finally re-suspended in assay buffer at a bead concentration of 1 Omg/ml.
  • assay buffer 5OmM HEPES pH 7.4 containing 5mM magnesium chloride
  • Each assay contained 20 ⁇ l of 6.25nM [ 3 H]PGD 2 , 20 ⁇ l membrane saturated SPA beads both in assay buffer and lO ⁇ l of compound solution or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D 2 (DK-PGD2, for determination of non-specific binding, Cayman chemical company).
  • DK-PGD2 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D 2
  • Assay buffer was added to give a final concentration of 10% DMSO (compounds were now at 1Ox the required final concentration) and this was the solution added to the assay plate.
  • the assay plate was incubated at room temperature for 2 hours and counted on a Wallac Microbeta liquid scintillation counter (1 minute per well).

Abstract

The invention relates to substituted acids of formula (I), where T,W,X,Y,Z,R1 and R2 as defined in the claims, as useful pharmaceutical compounds for treating asthma and rhinitis, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and a processes for their preparation.

Description

SUBSTITUTED ACIDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES
The present invention relates to substituted acids as useful pharmaceutical compounds for treating respiratory disorders, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and 5 processes for their preparation.
EPA 1 170 594 discloses methods for the identification of compounds useful for the treatment of disease states mediated by prostaglandin D2, a ligand for orphan receptor CRTH2. GB 1356834 discloses a series of compounds said to possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity. It has been found that certain acids are active at the ic CRTH2 receptor, and as a consequence are expected to be potentially useful for the treatment of various respiratory diseases, including asthma and COPD.
In a first aspect the invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof:
Figure imgf000002_0001
(I)
in which:
20 T is a bond, S(O)n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), CR1R2 or NR13; W is O, S(O)n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), NR13, CR1OR2 or CR1R2; X is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, S(O)n R6, OR12 or Ci-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms;
Y is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, nitro, SO2R3, OR4, SR4, SOR3, SO2NR4R5, 2s CONR4R5, NR4R5, NR6SO2R3, NR6CO2R6, NR6COR3, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 where n is O, 1 or
2;
Z is aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from from hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, SH, nitro, CO2R6, SO2R9, OR9, SR9, SOR9, SO2NR10R11, CONR10R11, NR10R11, NHSO2R9, NR9SO2R9, NR6CO2R6, NHCOR9, NR9COR9,
NR6CONR4R5, NR6SO2NR4R5, aryl, heteroaryl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6, NR6R7, S(O)nR6
(where n is O, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7. R and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or a C1-6alkyl group, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, NR6R7, OR6, S(O)nR6 (where n is O, 1 or 2); or R1 and R2 together can form a 3-8 membered ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S, NR6 and itself optionally substituted by one or more C1-C3 alkyl or halogen;
R3 represents C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl or C2-C6 alkynyl all of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = 0,1 or 2), CONR6R7,
NR6COR7,SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7;
R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = 0,1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7,SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; or
R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a 3-8 membered saturated heterocylic ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from
O, S(O)n (where n = 0,1 or 2), NR8, and itself optionally substituted by halogen or Cr3 alkyl; R6 and R7 independently represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C6 alkyl;
R8 is hydrogen, Cr4 alkyl, -COC1-C4 alkyl, CO2CrC4alkyl or CONR6d-C4alkyl; R9 represents aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = 0, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; R10 and R11 independently represent aryl or heteroaryl, hydrogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n - 0, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; or R10 and R11 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a 3-8 membered saturated heterocylic ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S(O)n (where n = O, 1 or 2), NR8, and itself optionally substituted by halogen or C1-C3 alkyl,
R represents a hydrogen atom or C1-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, and
R13 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms or C3-C7 cycloalkyl, SO2R6 or COC1-C4 alkyl, provided that
• when T is carbon or a bond, the substiutent on group Z cannot be NR10R11, where
R10R11 are independently hydrogen, aryl, or alkyl, and • the compounds 2-[(4-carboxyphenyl)amino]-4,5-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid and 4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-benzeneacetic acid are excluded. Examples of aryl include phenyl and naphthyl.
Heteroaryl is defined as a 5-7 member aromatic ring or can be 6,6- or 6,5-fused bicyclic ring optionally containing one or more heteroatoms selected from N, S, O. The bicyclic ring may be linked through carbon or nitrogen and may be attached through the 5 or 6 membered ring and can be fully or partially saturated.
Examples include pyridine, pyrimidine, thiazole, oxazole, pyrazole, imidazole, furan, isoxazole, pyrrole, isothiazole and azulene, naphthyl, indene, quinoline, isoquinoline, indole, indolizine, benzo[b]furan, benzo[b]thiophene, lH-indazole, benzimidazole, benzthiazole, benzoxazole, purine, 4H-quinolizine, cinnoline, phthalazine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, 1,8- naphthyridine, pteridine and quinolone. Aryl or heteroaryl groups can be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, SH, nitro, CO2R6, SO2R9, OR9, SR9, SOR9, SO2NR10R11, CONR10R11, NR10R11, NHSO2R9, NR9SO2R9, NR6CO2R6, NHCOR9, NR9COR9, NR6CONR4R5, NR6SO2NR4R5, aryl, heteroaryl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6, NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n is O, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7.
In the context of the present specification, unless otherwise indicated, an alkyl or alkenyl group or an alkyl or alkenyl moiety in a substituent group may be linear or branched. Heterocyclic rings as defined for R4, R5 and R10 and R11 means saturated heterocycles, examples include morpholine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine and piperazine. Preferably X is trifluoromethyl or halogen, in particular chloro and fluoro. Preferably Y is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, such as methyl. More preferably Y is hydrogen. Preferably Z is phenyl, optionally substituted as defined above. Preferred substituents for all Z groups include those substituents exemplified herein, in particular heteroaryl, aryl halogen, SO2R9, CF3 and CN. More preferably the substituents are halogen, SO2R9 where R9 is methyl or ethyl, CF3 or CN. Most preferably Z is phenyl substituted by two substituents, one of which is SO2R9 where R9 is methyl or ethyl, and the other is halogen, preferably chloro fluoro, or CF3. Preferably R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl. More preferably R1 and R are independently hydrogen or methyl. Most preferably R and R are both hydrogen.
Preferably, W is O, S(O)n (where n is O, 1 or 2), NR13, CR1R2. More preferably W is O, S, NH or CH2. Most preferably W is O, S or NH. Even more preferably W is O;
Preferably, T is a bond, S, CR1R2 or NR13. More preferably T is a bond, S, CR1R2 where R1, R2 are independently hydrogen or methyl, or T is an NH group. Most preferably T is a bond, CH2, or NH. Preferred compounds of the invention include: N-(4-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)glycine;
3-[2-(3-Cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid; 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid; 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid; [(4-Chloro-2-{[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}phenyl)thio]acetic acid; N-{4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine;
({4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}thio)acetic acid;
3-{2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid;
{2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl} acetic acid; 5 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)plienoxy]-α-methyl-benzenepropanoic acid;
7V-[2-[2-chloro-4-(metliylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-glycme; jV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoroplienyl]-glycine;
7V-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-2-metliyl-alamne;
N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)plienoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine; i o N- [4-chloro-2- [2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl] -glycine;
[[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]thio]-acetic acid; iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoroplienyl]-D-alanine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-D-alanme; iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-N-niethyl-glycine; is 2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[4-(etliylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
7V-[4-chloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-glycme;;
N-[4-chloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]pb.enyl]-D-alanine; 2Q iV-[4-cliloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluorometliyl)plienoxy]pheiiyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-D-alanine;
N- [2- [2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy] -4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -glycine; iV-[2-[4-(etliylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluorometliyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-(2-cliloro-4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-glycine; 25 N-[2-(4-bromo-2-chloropb.enoxy)-4-chlorophenyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-niethyl-l,234-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-ethyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)plienoxy]phenyl]-glycine; iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-pyrimidinyl)phenoxy]ph.enyl]-glycine;
N- [4-chloro-2- [2-chloro-4-(2-pyridinyl)phenoxy]phenyl] -glycine; 3Q 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid; iV-(4-Chloro-2-{2-chloro-4-[(ethylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy}phenyl)glycine; N-{4-Chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoroniethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[4-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]phenyl} glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(trifluorometh.yl)phenoxy]phenyl}glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine; N-{4-Chloro-2-[4-[methyl(metliylsulfonyl)ammo]-2-(trifluorometliyl)phenoxy] phenyl} glycine;
4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-fluoro-2-[4-(niethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid; 2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[2-cyano-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid; 4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzeneacetic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)plienyl]thio]-benzene propanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)plienoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid, 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(metliylsulfonyl)plienoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
Certain compounds of formula (I) are capable of existing in stereoisomers forms. It will be understood that the invention encompasses all geometric and optical isomers of the compounds of formula (I) and mixtures thereof including racemates. Tautomers and mixtures thereof also form an aspect of the present invention.
The compound of formula (I) above may be converted to a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, preferably a basic addition salt such as sodium, potassium, calcium, aluminium, lithium, magnesium, zinc, benzathine, chloroprocaine, choline, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, ethyldiamine, meglumine, tromethamine, tertiary-butylamine and procaine, or an acid addition salt such as a hydrochloride, hydrobromide, phosphate, acetate, fumarate, maleate, tartrate, citrate, oxalate, methanesulphonate or^-toluenesulphonate. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in the processes of the present invention certain functional groups in the starting reagents or intermediate compound may need to be protected by protecting groups. Thus, the preparation of the compound of formula (I) may involve, at an appropriate stage, the removal of one or more protecting groups. The protection and deprotection of functional groups is fully described in 'Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry', edited by J. W. F. McOmie, Plenum Press (1973), and 'Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis', 3rd edition, T. W. Greene & P. G. M. Wuts, Wiley- Interscience (1999).
Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000008_0001
in which T = S or NR13 and W, X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, with a compound of formula (III):
L-CR1R2CO2R14 (III)
Where R and R are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, R is H or C1-C10 alkyl group and L is a leaving group, and optionally thereafter in any order:
• removing any protecting group
• hydro lysing the ester group R14 to the corresponding acid
• oxidation of sulphides to sulphoxides or sulphones
• forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as ethanol using a base such as sodium acetate, carbonate or the like. Suitable groups R14 include Ci-6 alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl or tert-butyl. Suitable L is a leaving group such as triflate or halo, in particular chlorine or bromine. L may also be hydroxy so that a Mitsunobu reaction may be performed with compound (II) using for example triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate.
Hydrolysis of the ester group R can be carried out using routine procedures, for example treatment of methyl and ethyl esters with aqueous sodium hydroxide, and treatment of tert- butyl esters with acids such as trifluoroacetic acid.
Compounds of formula (I) can be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (IV) with a compound of formula (V):
Figure imgf000009_0001
(IV) (V)
in which R1, R2, X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof and W = S, NR13 or O. L1 is halogen, activated alcohol such as triflate or alkyl sulphone or sulphoxide.
The reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as l-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
Compounds of formula (I), where T = S may be prepared by reaction of a compound of formula (VI) with a diazotising agent and a compound of formula (VII), followed by removal of any protecting groups:
Figure imgf000009_0002
Figure imgf000009_0003
(VII) The reaction can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as acetonitrile using isoamylnitrite to form the diazonium, then reaction with ethyl mercaptoacetate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
Compounds of formula (VI) may be prepared using the general route A:
Figure imgf000010_0001
in which W = O, S or NR13 and X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures. The nitro group can then be reduced to the aniline using a suitable reducing agent such as iron in acetic acid or hydrogenation.
The steps can be reversed as outlined in Route A (i):
Figure imgf000010_0002
Route A (i) in which L1 is a leaving group, W = O, S or NR13 and X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The nitro group is reduced first to the aniline using a suitable reducing agent such as iron in acetic acid or hydrogenation. The second step introduces the group 'Z', which can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures.
Compounds of formula (I), where T = CR1R2, may be prepared using the general route B: reduction
Figure imgf000011_0002
Figure imgf000011_0001
Figure imgf000011_0003
Route B
in which L is a leaving group, W = O, S or NR13 and X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a base such as potassium carbonate, preferably at elevated temperatures. The formyl group can then be reduced to the alcohol using a suitable reducing agent such as sodium borohydride in ethanol. The alcohol can be converted into a leaving group such as a mesylate, using methanesulphonyl chloride and triethylamine and displaced with the anion of a dialkylmalonate. The diester can be decarboxylated with sodium chloride in DMSO/water at elevated temperatures.
Certain compounds of formula (PV), where T = CR1R2 and W=O may be prepared using the general route B (i):
Figure imgf000011_0004
Route B (i) in which X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. P is a protecting group such as benzyl. The first step can be carried out in a suitable solvent such as DMF with a dealkylating agent such as lithium chloride, preferably at elevated temperatures.
5 The alcohol group can then be protected using a suitable protecting reagent such as bromobenzyl The formyl group can be converted into an alkene using the Homer- Wadsworth Emmons procedure, reacting with a phosphonate group in the presence of a suitable base such as sodium hydride. The corresponding alkene is reduced and the protecting group removed in one step using a suitable reduction method such as hydrogenation. Q Some compounds of formula (IV), where T = CR R2 can be prepared by general method B (ϋ):
Figure imgf000012_0001
Route B (ii) 5 in which L is a leaving group, W, X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The first reaction can be carried out with a suitable alkene using a palladium catalyst, in a suitable solvent such as DMF.
Some compounds of formula (I), where T = CR1R2 and W is O, can be prepared by Q general method B (iii):
Figure imgf000013_0001
Route B (iii)
In which X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. P2 can be hydrogen, methyl or an alcohol protecting group. The first step can be carried with a suitable reducing agent such as borane in a solvent such as THF at elevated temperatures. The alcohol is then converted to the aldehyde in the presence of a suitable oxidising agent such as manganese dioxide. The propanoic acid is formed by reaction with triethylamine and
Formic acid and then Meldrum's acid in a suitable solvent such as DMF at elevated temperatures. The group Z is introduced as described in route A (i). The protecting group P2 or when P2 is alkyl, may be removed at any stage in the sequence using methods described in
Route B (i) or known literature procedures. The sequence of steps can also be reversed, for example the group Z can be added as the first step in the sequence.
Compounds of formula (I), where T = CR1R2, and W = N may be prepared using the general route B (iv):
Figure imgf000013_0002
Route B (iv) in which L1 is a leaving group (as defined in (V)), X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The first step is a Heck Reaction as outlined for Route B (ii). The product is then reduced using a suitable reagent such as Platinum on Charcoal. The group Z is then added in the presence of a base usch as sodium hydride.
Compounds of formula (I) where T = NR13, can be prepared using general route C:
Figure imgf000014_0001
Route C
in which X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof.
Compound VI is alkylated as described earlier. The nitrogen atom can be alkylated using dimethyl sulfate in the presence of base such as sodium bicarbonate at elevated temperatures to give compounds of formula (II). The ester is deprotected using a suitable base such as hydroxide to give compounds of formula (I). The group (VI) can be prepared as outlined in Route A.
The group Z-L1, where the substituent = SO2R9 can be prepared by general Route D:
diazotisation oxidation Z-NH2 +.
1/ 1 / Z-SR9 1/ Z -S°2 R
(VII)
Route D
in which L1 = a leaving group as defined in (V). R9 and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. Compounds of formula (VII) are diazotised using a reagent such as isoamylnitrite, then reacted with R9S-SR9, preferably at elevated temperatures. The product is then oxidised using a reagent such as oxone or meta-chloroperbenzoic acid in a chlorinated solvent such as dichloromethane or the like. Compounds of formula (VII) are commercially available or can be prepared by those skilled in the art using literature procedures. Compounds of formula (VI), where the group Z has a substituent = aryl or heteroaryl can be prepared by general Routes D (i) or D(ii):
Figure imgf000015_0001
Route D(i)
in which W, X, Y, Z and R14are as defined in formulas (I) and (II) or are protected derivatives thereof. R15 is alkyl. Compounds of formula (VIII) can be prepared by methods outlined in Route A as described for compounds of formula (VI). The compounds of formula (VIII) are treated with hydroxylamine and a suitable base such as carbonate at elevated temperatures. The resuting product is treated with an acid chloride in the presence of a base, such as pyridine, to give the desired heterocycle in compounds of formula (VIV):
Suzuki or StMIe
Figure imgf000015_0002
Figure imgf000015_0003
Route D(ii) in which T, W, X, Y, Z and R14are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. The compounds of formula (VIV) can be reacted with either a Boronic acid or Organostannane using a suitable catlyst such as Pd(dppi)Cl2 in the presence of a base such as caesium fluoride at elevated temperatures, in a solvent such as dioxan.
Compounds of formula (I) where T is a bond can be prepared by general method E:
Figure imgf000016_0001
Route E
in which X, Y, and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof. L1 = a leaving group as defined in (V). The first step can be carried out using a chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride, in a suitable solvent such as dichloromethane. This can be converted to the nitrile using a suitable reagent such as sodium cyanide in a polar solvent such as DMF at elevated temperatures. The acid group can be formed using a strong base, such as hydroxide, suitably potassium hydroxide. The ether group can be cleaved using suitable dealkylation conditions, such as heating in a mixture of hydrobromic acid and acetic acid. The group Z-L1 is introduced as described in route A (i)
In a further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof for use in therapy.
The compounds of formula (I) have activity as pharmaceuticals, in particular as modulators of CRTh2 receptor activity, and may be used in the treatment (therapeutic or prophylactic) of conditions/diseases in human and non-human animals which are exacerbated or caused by excessive or unregulated production of PGD2 and its metabolites. Examples of such conditions/diseases include:
1. respiratory tract: obstructive diseases of the airways including: asthma, including bronchial, allergic, intrinsic, extrinsic, exercise-induced, drug-induced (including aspirin and NSAID-induced) and dust-induced asthma, both intermittent and persistent and of all severities, and other causes of airway hyper-responsiveness; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); bronchitis, including infectious and eosinophilic bronchitis; emphysema; bronchiectasis; cystic fibrosis; sarcoidosis; farmer's lung and related diseases; hypersensitivity pneumonitis; lung fibrosis, including cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, fibrosis complicating anti-neoplastic therapy and chronic infection, including tuberculosis and aspergillosis and other fungal infections; complications of lung transplantation; vasculitic and thrombotic disorders of the lung vasculature, and pulmonary hypertension; antitussive activity including treatment of chronic cough associated with inflammatory and secretory conditions of the airways, and iatrogenic cough; acute and chronic rhinitis including rhinitis medicamentosa, and vasomotor rhinitis; perennial and seasonal allergic rhinitis including rhinitis nervosa (hay fever); nasal polyposis; acute viral infection including the common cold, and infection due to respiratory syncytial virus, influenza, coronavirus (including SARS) and adenovirus;
2. bone and joints: arthritides associated with or including osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis, both primary and secondary to, for example, congenital hip dysplasia; cervical and lumbar spondylitis, and low back and neck pain; rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease; seronegative spondyloarthropathies including ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, reactive arthritis and undifferentiated spondarthropathy; septic arthritis and other infection-related arthopathies and bone disorders such as tuberculosis, including Potts' disease and Poncet's syndrome; acute and chronic crystal-induced synovitis including urate gout, calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, and calcium apatite related tendon, bursal and synovial inflammation; Behcet's disease; primary and secondary Sjogren's syndrome; systemic sclerosis and limited scleroderma; systemic lupus erythematosus, mixed connective tissue disease, and undifferentiated connective tissue disease; inflammatory myopathies including dermatomyositits and polymyositis; polymalgia rheumatica; juvenile arthritis including idiopathic inflammatory arthritides of whatever joint distribution and associated syndromes, and rheumatic fever and its systemic complications; vasculitides including giant cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, Churg-Strauss syndrome, polyarteritis nodosa, microscopic polyarteritis, and vasculitides associated with viral infection, hypersensitivity reactions, cryoglobulins, and paraproteins; low back pain; Familial Mediterranean fever, Muckle- Wells syndrome, and Familial Hibernian Fever, Kikuchi disease; drug-induced arthalgias, tendonititides, and myopathies;
3. pain and connective tissue remodelling of musculoskeletal disorders due to injury [for example sports injury] or disease: arthitides (for example rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, gout or crystal arthropathy), other joint disease (such as intervertebral disc degeneration or temporomandibular joint degeneration), bone remodelling disease (such as osteoporosis, Paget's disease or osteonecrosis), polychondritits, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disorder, spondyloarthropathies or periodontal disease (such as periodontitis);
4. skin: psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis or other eczematous dermatoses, and delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions; phyto- and photodermatitis; seborrhoeic dermatitis, dermatitis herpetiformis, lichen planus, lichen sclerosus et atrophica, pyoderma gangrenosum, skin sarcoid, discoid lupus erythematosus, pemphigus, pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, urticaria, angioedema, vasculitides, toxic erythemas, cutaneous eosinophilias, alopecia areata, male-pattern baldness, Sweet's syndrome, Weber-Christian syndrome, erythema multiforme; cellulitis, both infective and non-infective; panniculitis;cutaneous lymphomas, non-melanoma skin cancer and other dysplastic lesions; drug-induced disorders including fixed drug eruptions;
5. eyes: blepharitis; conjunctivitis, including perennial and vernal allergic conjunctivitis; iritis; anterior and posterior uveitis; choroiditis; autoimmune; degenerative or inflammatory disorders affecting the retina; ophthalmitis including sympathetic ophthalmitis; sarcoidosis; infections including viral , fungal, and bacterial; 6. gastrointestinal tract: glossitis, gingivitis, periodontitis; oesophagitis, including reflux; eosinophilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, colitis including ulcerative colitis, proctitis, pruritis ani; coeliac disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and food-related allergies which may have effects remote from the gut (for example migraine, rhinitis or eczema);
7. abdominal: hepatitis, including autoimmune, alcoholic and viral; fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver; cholecystitis; pancreatitis, both acute and chronic;
8. genitourinary: nephritis including interstitial and glomerulonephritis; nephrotic syndrome; cystitis including acute and chronic (interstitial) cystitis and Hunner's ulcer; acute and chronic urethritis, prostatitis, epididymitis, oophoritis and salpingitis; vulvo-vaginitis; Peyronie's disease; erectile dysfunction (both male and female);
9. allograft rejection: acute and chronic following, for example, transplantation of kidney, heart, liver, lung, bone marrow, skin or cornea or following blood transfusion; or chronic graft
5 versus host disease;
10. CNS: Alzheimer's disease and other dementing disorders including CJD and nvCJD; amyloidosis; multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating syndromes; cerebral atherosclerosis and vasculitis; temporal arteritis; myasthenia gravis; acute and chronic pain (acute, intermittent or persistent, whether of central or peripheral origin) including visceral pain, io headache, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, atypical facial pain, joint and bone pain, pain arising from cancer and tumor invasion, neuropathic pain syndromes including diabetic, post¬ herpetic, and HIV-associated neuropathies; neurosarcoidosis; central and peripheral nervous system complications of malignant, infectious or autoimmune processes;
11. other auto-immune and allergic disorders including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, Graves' is disease, Addison's disease, diabetes mellitus, idiopathic thrombocytopaenic purpura, eosinophilic fasciitis, hyper-IgE syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome;
12. other disorders with an inflammatory or immunological component; including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), leprosy, Sezary syndrome, and paraneoplastic syndromes;
20 13. cardiovascular: atherosclerosis, affecting the coronary and peripheral circulation; pericarditis; myocarditis , inflammatory and auto-immune cardiomyopathies including myocardial sarcoid; ischaemic reperfusion injuries; endocarditis, valvulitis, and aortitis including infective (for example syphilitic); vasculitides; disorders of the proximal and peripheral veins including phlebitis and thrombosis, including deep vein thrombosis and
25 complications of varicose veins;
14. oncology: treatment of common cancers including prostate, breast, lung, ovarian, pancreatic, bowel and colon, stomach, skin and brain tumors and malignancies affecting the bone marrow (including the leukaemias) and lymphoproliferative systems, such as Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; including the prevention and treatment of metastatic disease
30 and tumour recurrences, and paraneoplastic syndromes; and,
15. gastrointestinal tract: Coeliac disease, proctitis, eosinopilic gastro-enteritis, mastocytosis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, microscopic colitis, indeterminant colitis, irritable bowel disorder, irritable bowel syndrome, non-inflammatory diarrhea, food-related allergies which have effects remote from the gut, e.g., migraine, rhinitis and eczema. 16. Diseases associated with raised levels of PGD2 or its metabolites.
Thus, the present invention provides a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically- acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined for use in therapy.
Preferably the compounds of the invention are used to treat diseases in which the chemokine receptor belongs to the CRTh2 receptor subfamily.
Particular conditions which can be treated with the compounds of the invention are asthma, rhinitis and other diseases in which raised levels OfPGD2 or its metabolites. It is preferred that the compounds of the invention are used to treat asthma. hi a further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined in the manufacture of a medicament for use in therapy.
The invention further relates to combination therapies wherein a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition or formulation comprising a compound of the invention, is administered concurrently or sequentially or as a combined preparation with another therapeutic agent or agents, for the treatment of one or more of the conditions listed. hi particular, for the treatment of the inflammatory diseases such as (but not restricted to) rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease, the compounds of the invention may be combined with agents listed below.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (hereinafter NSAIDs) including non-selective cyclo-oxygenase COX-I / COX-2 inhibitors whether applied topically or systemically (such as piroxicam, diclofenac, propionic acids such as naproxen, flurbiprofen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen and ibuprofen, fenamates such as mefenamic acid, indomethacin, sulindac, azapropazone, pyrazolones such as phenylbutazone, salicylates such as aspirin); selective COX-2 inhibitors (such as meloxicam, celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib, lumarocoxib, parecoxib and etoricoxib); cyclo-oxygenase inhibiting nitric oxide donors (CINODs); glucocorticosteroids (whether administered by topical, oral, intramuscular, intravenous, or intra-articular routes); methotrexate; leflunomide; hydroxychloroquine; d-penicillamine; auranofin or other parenteral or oral gold preparations; analgesics; diacerein; intra-articular therapies such as hyaluronic acid derivatives; and nutritional supplements such as glucosamine.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a cytokine or agonist or antagonist of cytokine function, (including agents which act on cytokine signalling pathways such as modulators of the SOCS system) including alpha-, beta-, and gamma-interferons; insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I); interleukins (IL) including ILl to 17, and interleukin antagonists or inhibitors such as anakinra; tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors such as anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies (for example infliximab; adalimumab, and CDP-870) and TNF receptor antagonists including immunoglobulin molecules (such as etanercept) and low-molecular-weight agents such as pentoxyfylline. hi addition the invention relates to a combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a monoclonal antibody targeting B- Lymphocytes (such as CD20 (rituximab), MRA-aTLlόR and T-Lymphocytes, CTLA4-Ig,
HuMax 11-15).
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a modulator of chemokine receptor function such as an antagonist of CCRl, CCR2, CCR2A, CCR2B, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CCRlO and CCRIl (for the C-C family); CXCRl,
CXCR2, CXCR3, CXCR4 and CXCR5 (for the C-X-C family) and CX3CRl for the C-X3-C family.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with an inhibitor of matrix metalloprotease (MMPs), i.e., the stromelysins, the collagenases, and the gelatinases, as well as aggrecanase; especially collagenase-1 (MMP-I), collagenase-2 (MMP-8), collagenase-3 (MMP-13), stromelysin-1 (MMP-3), stromelysin-2 (MMP-IO), and stromelysin-3 (MMP-Il) and MMP-9 and MMP- 12, including agents such as doxycycline.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitor, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor or 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) antagonist such as; zileuton; ABT-761; fenleuton; tepoxalin; Abbott-79175; Abbott-85761; a N-(5-substituted)-thiophene-2-alkylsulfonamide; 2,6-di-tert-butylphenolhydrazones; a methoxytetrahydropyrans such as Zeneca ZD-2138; the compound SB-210661; apyridinyl- substituted 2-cyanonaphthalene compound such as L-739,010; a 2-cyanoquinoline compound such as L-746,530; or an indole or quinoline compound such as MK-591, MK-886, and BAY s x 1005.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a receptor antagonist for leukotrienes (LT) B4, LTC4, LTD4, and LTE4. selected from the group consisting of the phenothiazin-3-ls such as L-651,392; amidino compounds such as CGS-25019c; benzoxalamines such as o ontazolast; benzenecarboximidamides such as BIIL 284/260; and compounds such as zafirlukast, ablukast, montelukast, pranlukast, verlukast (MK-679), RG-12525, Ro-245913, iralukast (CGP 45715A), and BAY x 7195.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 inhibitor such as a methylxanthanine including theophylline and aminophylline; a selective PDE isoenzyme inhibitor including a PDE4 inhibitor an inhibitor of the isoform PDE4D, or an inhibitor of PDE5.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a histamine type 1 receptor antagonist such 0 as cetirizine, loratadine, desloratadine, fexofenadine, acrivastine, terfenadine, astemizole, azelastine, levocabastine, chlorpheniramine, promethazine, cyclizine, or mizolastine; applied orally, topically or parenterally.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a proton pump inhibitor (such as 5 omeprazole) or a gastroprotective histamine type 2 receptor antagonist.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an antagonist of the histamine type 4 receptor.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the 0 invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an alpha- l/alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist vasoconstrictor sympathomimetic agent, such as propylhexedrine, phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, naphazoline hydrochloride, oxymetazoline hydrochloride, tetrahydrozoline hydrochloride, xylometazoline hydrochloride, tramazoline hydrochloride or ethyhiorepinephrine hydrochloride.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an anticholinergic agents including muscarinic receptor (Ml, M2, and M3) antagonist such as atropine, hyoscine, glycopyrrrolate, ipratropium bromide, tiotropium bromide, oxitropium bromide, pirenzepine or telenzepine.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a beta-adrenoceptor agonist (including beta receptor subtypes 1-4) such as isoprenaline, salbutamol, formoterol, salmeterol, terbutaline, orciprenaline, bitolterol mesylate, or pirbuterol, or a chiral enantiomer thereof.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a chromone, such as sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium. The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with a glucocorticoid, such as flunisolide, triamcinolone acetonide, beclomethasone dipropionate, budesonide, fluticasone propionate, ciclesonide or mometasone furoate.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with an agent that modulates a nuclear hormone receptor such as PPARs.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with an immunoglobulin (Ig) or Ig preparation or an antagonist or antibody modulating Ig function such as anti-IgE (for example omalizumab).
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and another systemic or topically-applied anti¬ inflammatory agent, such as thalidomide or a derivative thereof, a retinoid, dithranol or calcipotriol. The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and combinations of aminosalicylates and sulfapyridine such as sulfasalazine, mesalazine, balsalazide, and olsalazine; and immunomodulatory agents such as the thiopurines, and corticosteroids such as budesonide.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with an antibacterial agent such as a penicillin derivative, a tetracycline, a macrolide, a beta-lactam, a fluoroquinolone, metronidazole, an inhaled aminoglycoside; an antiviral agent including acyclovir, famciclovir, valaciclovir, ganciclovir, cidofovir, amantadine, rimantadine, ribavirin, zanamavir and oseltamavir; a protease inhibitor such as indinavir, nelfmavir, ritonavir, and saquinavir; a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as didanosine, lamivudine, stavudine, zalcitabine or zidovudine; or a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor such as nevirapine or efavirenz.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a cardiovascular agent such as a calcium channel blocker, a beta-adrenoceptor blocker, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, an angiotensin-2 receptor antagonist; a lipid lowering agent such as a statin or a fϊbrate; a modulator of blood cell morphology such as pentoxyfylline; thrombolytic, or an anticoagulant such as a platelet aggregation inhibitor.
The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and a CNS agent such as an antidepressant (such as sertraline), an anti-Parkinsonian drug (such as deprenyl, L-dopa, ropinirole, pramipexole, a MAOB inhibitor such as selegine and rasagiline, a comP inhibitor such as tasmar, an A-2 inhibitor, a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, an NMDA antagonist, a nicotine agonist, a dopamine agonist or an inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide synthase), or an anti- Alzheimer's drug such as donepezil, rivastigmine, tacrine, a COX-2 inhibitor, propentofylline or metrifonate.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and an agent for the treatment of acute or chronic pain, such as a centrally or peripherally-acting analgesic (for example an opioid or derivative thereof), carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate, amitryptiline or other anti-depressant agent-s, paracetamol, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. The present invention further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a parenterally or topically-applied (including inhaled) local anaesthetic agent such as lignocaine or a derivative thereof.
A compound of the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can also be used in combination with an anti-osteoporosis agent including a hormonal agent such as raloxifene, or a biphosphonate such as alendronate.
The present invention still further relates to the combination of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, together with a: (i) tryptase inhibitor; (ii) platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist; (iii) interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) inhibitor; (iv) IMPDH inhibitor; (v) adhesion molecule inhibitors including VLA-4 antagonist; (vi) cathepsin; (vii) kinase inhibitor such as an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase (such as Btk, Itk, Jak3 or MAP, for example Gefitinib or Imatinib mesylate), a serine / threonine kinase (such as an inhibitor of a MAP kinase such as p38, INK, protein kinase A, B or C, or IKK), or a kinase involved in cell cycle regulation (such as a cylin dependent kinase); (viii) glucose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor; (ix) kinin-B.subl. - or B.sub2. -receptor antagonist; (x) anti-gout agent, for example colchicine; (xi) xanthine oxidase inhibitor, for example allopurinol; (xii) uricosuric agent, for example probenecid, sulfinpyrazone or benzbromarone; (xiii) growth hormone secretagogue; (xiv) transforming growth factor (TGFβ); (xv) platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF); (xvi) fibroblast growth factor for example basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF); (xvii) granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF); (xviii) capsaicin cream; (xix) tachykinin NK.subl. or NK.sub3. receptor antagonist such as NKP-608C, SB-233412 (talnetant) or D-4418; (xx) elastase inhibitor such as UT-77 or ZD-0892; (xxi) TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitor (TACE); (xxii) induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibitor; (xxiii) chemoattractant receptor- homologous molecule expressed on TH2 cells, (such as a CRTH2 antagonist); (xxiv) inhibitor of P38; (xxv) agent modulating the function of Toll-like receptors (TLR), (xxvi) agent modulating the activity of purinergic receptors such as P2X7; or (xxvii) inhibitor of transcription factor activation such as NFkB, API, or STATS.
A compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, can also be used in combination with an existing therapeutic agent for the treatment of cancer, for example suitable agents include: (i) an antiproliferative/antineoplastic drag or a combination thereof, as used in medical oncology, such as an alkylating agent (for example cis-platin, carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, nitrogen mustard, melphalan, chlorambucil, busulphan or a nitrosourea); an antimetabolite (for example an antifolate such as a fluoropyrimidine like 5-fluorouracil or tegafur, raltitrexed, methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside, hydroxyurea, gemcitabine or paclitaxel); an antitumour antibiotic (for example an anthracycline such as adriamycin, bleomycin, doxorabicin, daunomycin, epirubicin, idarabicin, mitomycin-C, dactinomycin or mithramycin); an antimitotic agent (for example a vinca alkaloid such as vincristine, vinblastine, vindesine or vinorelbine, or a taxoid such as taxol or taxotere); or a topoisomerase inhibitor (for example an epipodophyllotoxin such as etoposide, teniposide, amsacrine, topotecan or a camptothecin);
(ii) a cytostatic agent such as an antioestrogen (for example tamoxifen, toremifene, raloxifene, droloxifene or iodoxyfene), an oestrogen receptor down regulator (for example fulvestrant), an antiandrogen (for example bicalutamide, flutamide, nilutamide or cyproterone acetate), a LHRH antagonist or LHRH agonist (for example goserelin, leuprorelin or buserelin), a progestogen (for example megestrol acetate), an aromatase inhibitor (for example as anastrozole, letrozole, vorazole or exemestane) or an inhibitor of 5α-reductase such as finasteride; (iii) an agent which inhibits cancer cell invasion (for example a metalloproteinase inhibitor like marimastat or an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator receptor function);
(iv) an inhibitor of growth factor function, for example: a growth factor antibody (for example the anti-erbb2 antibody trastuzumab, or the anti-erbbl antibody cetuximab [C225]), a farnesyl transferase inhibitor, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor or a serine/threonine kinase inhibitor, an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor family (for example an EGFR family tyrosine kinase inhibitor such as N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-7-methoxy-6-(3- morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (gefϊtinib, AZD 1839), N-(3-ethynylphenyl)-6,7- bis(2-methoxyethoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (erlotinib, OSI-774) or 6-acrylamido-N-(3-chloro- 4-fluorophenyl)-7-(3-morpholinopropoxy)quinazolin-4-amine (CI 1033)), an inhibitor of the platelet-derived growth factor family, or an inhibitor of the hepatocyte growth factor family; (v) an antiangiogenic agent such as one which inhibits the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (for example the anti-vascular endothelial cell growth factor antibody bevacizumab, a compound disclosed in WO 97/22596, WO 97/30035, WO 97/32856 or WO 98/13354), or a compound that works by another mechanism (for example linomide, an inhibitor of integrin αvβ3 function or an angiostatin);
(vi) a vascular damaging agent such as combretastatin A4, or a compound disclosed in WO
99/02166, WO 00/40529, WO 00/41669, WO 01/92224, WO 02/04434 or WO 02/08213; (vii) an agent used in antisense therapy, for example one directed to one of the targets listed above, such as ISIS 2503, an anti-ras antisense;
(viii) an agent used in a gene therapy approach, for example approaches to replace aberrant genes such as aberrant p53 or aberrant BRCAl or BRCA2, GDEPT (gene-directed enzyme pro-drug therapy) approaches such as those using cytosine deaminase, thymidine kinase or a bacterial nitroreductase enzyme and approaches to increase patient tolerance to chemotherapy or radiotherapy such as multi-drug resistance gene therapy; or
(ix) an agent used in an immunotherapeutic approach, for example ex-vivo and in- vivo approaches to increase the immunogenicity of patient tumour cells, such as transfection with cytokines such as interleukin 2, interleukin 4 or granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, approaches to decrease T-cell anergy, approaches using transfected immune cells such as cytokine-transfected dendritic cells, approaches using cytokine-transfected tumour cell lines and approaches using anti-idiotypic antibodies.
In a still further aspect, the present invention provides the use of a compound of formula
(I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of human diseases or conditions in which modulation of CRTh2 receptor activity is beneficial.
In the context of the present specification, the term "therapy" also includes "prophylaxis" unless there are specific indications to the contrary. The terms "therapeutic" and
"therapeutically" should be construed accordingly. The invention still further provides a method of treating diseases mediated by PGD2 or its metabolites wherein the prostanoid binds to its receptor (especially CRTh2) receptor, which comprises administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, as hereinbefore defined. The invention also provides a method of treating an inflammatory disease, especially psoriasis, in a patient suffering from, or at risk of, said disease, which comprises administering to the patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as hereinbefore defined.
For the above-mentioned therapeutic uses the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration, the treatment desired and the disorder indicated.
For the above-mentioned therapeutic uses the dosage administered will, of course, vary with the compound employed, the mode of administration, the treatment desired and the disorder indicated.
The compound of formula (I), prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof may be used on their own but will generally be administered in the form of a pharmaceutical composition in which the formula (I) compound/salt/solvate (active ingredient) is in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. Depending on the mode of administration, the pharmaceutical composition will preferably comprise from 0.05 to 99 %w (per cent by weight), more preferably from 0.05 to 80 %w, still more preferably from 0.10 to 70 %w, and even more preferably from 0.10 to 50 %w, of active ingredient, all percentages by weight being based on total composition.
The present invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof, as herein before defined, in association with a pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvant, diluent or carrier. The pharmaceutical compositions may be administered topically (e.g. to the lung and/or airways or to the skin) in the form of solutions, suspensions, heptafluoroalkane aerosols and dry powder formulations; or systemically, e.g. by oral administration in the form of tablets, capsules, syrups, powders or granules, or by parenteral administration in the form of solutions or suspensions, or by subcutaneous administration or by rectal administration in the form of suppositories or transdermally. Preferably the compound of the invention is administered orally.
The invention will now be illustrated by the following non-limiting examples in which, unless stated otherwise: (i) when given, 1H NMR data is quoted in the form of delta values for major diagnostic protons, given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard; (ii) mass spectra (MS): generally only ions which indicate the parent mass are reported, and unless otherwise stated the mass ion quoted is the positive mass ion - (M+H) ; (iii) the title compounds of the examples and methods were named using the ACD/name (version 6.0) from Advanced Chemical Development hie, Canada;
(iv) unless stated otherwise, reverse phase HPLC was conducted using a Symmetry, NovaPak 5 or Ex-Terra reverse phase silica column; (v) solvents were dried with MgSO4 or Na2SO4 (vi) the following abbreviations are used:
EtOAc Ethylacetate
10 DCM Dichloromethane h hours
HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
NMP N-methylpyrrolidine
DMF N,N-dimethylformamide
I5 THF tetrahydrofuran mcpba 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (Aldrich 77% max) Pd(dppf)Cl2 [1,1'-
Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II), complex with dichloromethane
20 RT room temperature
Example 1 N-(4-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)glycine
Figure imgf000029_0001
2S . (i) 4-Chloro-2-phenoxyaniline
2-Fluoro-4-chloro-nitrobenzene (0.5Og), phenol (0.27g) and potassium carbonate (0.4Og) in dry DMSO (10ml) were stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with diethylether, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a yellow oil (0.9Og). The oil was dissolved in glacial acetic acid (20ml) and treated with reduced iron powder (0.9Og). The mixture was vigorously stirred at RT for 2h, filtered through celite, washed with DCM and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 0.9g. MS: ESI(+ve) 220 (M+l)
5 (ii) N-(4-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)glycine
A mixture of the product from step (i) (0.9g), t-butyl-bromo acetate (0.8ml) and sodium acetate (0.5g) in ethanol (20ml) was heated under reflux for 2Oh, cooled and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an orange oil (1.4g). The oil was dissolved in io trifluoroacetic acid/DCM 1 : 1 (20ml), stirred at RT for 24h then evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC, yield 0.149g. lH NMRDMSO-dβ: δ 7.40-7.36 (2H, m), 7.15-7.11 (IH, m), 7.06-6.96 (3H, m), 6.76 (IH, s),
6.63-6.61 (IH, d), 5.56 (IH, m), 3.86 (2H, s).
MS: APCI (-ve) 276 (M-I)
I5
Example 2 3-[2-(3-Cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyI]propanoic acid
Figure imgf000030_0001
(i) 3-[2-Formyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzonitrile 20 A mixture of 4-(l , 1 , 1 -trifluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde (2.5g), potassium carbonate (1.79g) and 3-cyanoρhenol (1.54g) in DMF (20ml) was heated at 1100C for 2h then cooled. Water (200ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 2:1 to give a colourless oil, yield 2.Og. 25 MS: ESI (-ve) 290 (M-I)
(ii) 3 -[2-(Hydroxymethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]benzonitrile The product from step (i) (2.Og) was dissolved in dry ethanol (20ml) then sodium borohydride (0.15g) added. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight then evaporated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. The solid was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid and ethylacetate, the organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure , yield 0.7Og.
IHNMR CDCl3: δ 7.73-7.66 (IH, m), 7.52-7.39 (3H, m), 7.23-7.18 (2H, m), 7.11-7.08 (IH, m), 4.81-4.79 (2H, s), 1.91 (IH, bs).
(iii) 2-(3-Cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl methanesulfonate Triethylamine (0.33ml) followed by methanesulphonyl chloride (0.185ml) were added to a solution of the product from step (ii) (0.7g) in DCM (20ml) at -200C . The mixture was stirred at 0°C for Ih, then diluted with dichloromethane, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 0.97g. MS: ESI (-ve) 278 (M-OMs)
(iv) Diethyl [2-(3-cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]malonate Sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.105g) was added to a solution of diethylmalonate (0.40ml) in dry THF (20ml) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at RT for 30min, cooled to O0C, then a solution of the product from step (iii) (0.97g) in THF (10ml) was added. The mixture was stirred at RT overnight, water was added and the mixture extracted with diethylether. The organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to give an oil which was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 2:1. Yield 0.6g. MS: ESI(-ve) 434 (M-I)
(v) 3-[2-(3-Cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
Sodium chloride (O.lg) was added to a solution of the product from step (iv) (0.6g) in DMSO (5ml) and water (ImI) then heated at 1200C for 12 hours. The mixture was cooled and partitioned between 2M sodium hydroxide and diethylether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC. Yield 0.108g. IH NMR: DMSO-dό: δ 7.35-7.32 (IH, m), 7.65-7.54 (5H, m), 7.25-7.24 (IH, s), 2.89-2.85 (2H, t), 2.59-2.51 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 334 (M-I)
Example 3 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsuIfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
Figure imgf000032_0001
(i) 2-Methoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde A solution of sodium methoxide (25%wt in methanol, 50ml) was added to a solution of (4-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)-2-fluoro-benzaldehyde (5.Og) in methanol (50ml) and the mixture heated under reflux for 2h. Water (200ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure to give a residue that was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 3:1, yield 3.18g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.94-7.92 (IH, d), 7.31-7.22 (2H, m), 4.00 (3H, s).
(ii) 2-Hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde
A mixture of the product from step (i) (3.18g) and lithium chloride (1.96g) in DMF (30ml) was heated at 150°C for 5h. The mixture was partitioned between diethylether and 2M hydrochloric acid, the organic layer dried, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 3:1, yield 2.3Og. MS: ESI (-ve) 189 (M-I)
(iii) 2-(Benzyloxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzaldehyde
A mixture of the product from step (ii) (2.3g), benzyl bromide (1.44ml) and potassium carbonate (1.67g) in DMF (20ml) was stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between diethylether and water, the organic layer dried, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 40/60 pet. ether/diethylether 4:1, yield 2.83g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 10.56-10.55 (IH, s), 7.97-7.96 (IH, d), 7.47-7.25 (7H, m), 5.23 (2H, s).
(iv) tert-Butyl (2E)-3-[2-(benzyloxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]acrylate
Sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.406g) was added to a solution of tert-butyl-P,P- dimethylphosphonoacetate (2.27g) in dry DMF (20ml) at 0°C. The mixture was stirred at RT for 30min, cooled to O0C, then the product from step (iii) (2.83g) added. After 16h the mixture was partitioned between diethylether and water, the organic layer dried, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 4:1, yield 3.25g.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.98-7.93 (IH, d), 7.63-7.18 (8H, m), 6.52-6.46 (IH, d), 5.18 (2H, s), 1.52
(9H, s).
(v) tert-Butyl 3-[2-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoate A mixture of the product from step (iv) (3.25g) and 10% palladium on carbon (0.325g) in ethanol (40ml) was hydrogenated at a pressure of 3.0 bar overnight. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white solid (2.22g).
MS: ESI (-ve) 289 (M-I)
(vi) 3-Chloro-4-fluoroρhenyl methyl sulfide
Iodomethane (1.15ml) was added to a stirred mixture of 3-chloro-4-fluoro-benzenethiol (3.Og) and potassium carbonate (2.48g) in DMF (20ml) and left overnight. The reaction was diluted with water and extracted with diethylether, the organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 4.3g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.31-7.14 (2H, m), 7.13-7.03 (IH, m), 3.23-3.21 (3H, s).
(vii) 3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl methyl sulfone
3-Chloroperoxybenzoic acid (70% purity, 10.75g) was added to a solution of the product from step (vi) (4.3g) in DCM (100ml) and stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between DCM/aq. sodium metabisulphite solution, the organics washed with aq. sodium hydrogencarbonate solution, water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. Yield 4.Og IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.06-8.03 (IH, m), 7.89-7.84 (IH, m), 7.38-7.32 (IH, m), 3.08 (3H, s).
(viii) 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl] propanoic acid
A mixture of the product from step (v) (0.6g), the product from step (vii) (0.43g) and potassium carbonate (0.285g) in NMP (10ml) was heated at 7O0C for 4h. The mixture was partitioned between diethylether and water, the organic layer dried, and the solvent evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in 50% DCM/trifluoroacetic acid (20ml) and stirred at RT for 2h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by RPHPLC, yield 0.175g lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.17-8.16 (IH, s), 7.87-7.84 (IH, d), 7.69-7.61 (2H, m), 7.40 (IH, s),
7.08-7.06 (IH, d), 3.28 (3H, s), 2.87-2.82 (2H, t), 2.62-2.57 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 421 (M-I)
Example 4 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(ethylsuIfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid
Figure imgf000034_0001
(i) 3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl ethyl sulfone
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 steps (vi)-(vii) using iodoethane.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.01-7.98 (IH, d), 7.84-7.79 (IH, m), 7.37-7.31 (IH, m), 3.17-3.09 (2H, q), 1.33-1.26 (3H, t).
(ii) 3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 using the product from step (i). IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.07-8.00 (IH, d), 7.81-7.77 (IH, d), 7.698-7.56 (2H, m), 7.40 (IH, bm), 7.01-6.98 (IH, d), 3.39-3.32 (2H, q), 2.77-2.72 (2H, t), 2.26-2.21 (2H, t), 1.14-1.09 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 435 (M-I) s Example 5
[(4-Chloro-2-{[2-chIoro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}phenyI)thio]acetic acid
Figure imgf000035_0001
(i) 2-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)benzenethiol
Sodium hydrosulphide (0.252g) was added to the product from example 4 step (i) (1.Og) o in dry DMF (10ml) and stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was diluted with 2M sodium hydroxide solution and extracted with diethylether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, crude yield 1.6Og. MS: ESI (-ve) 235 (M-I) 5
(ii) 4-Chloro-2-{[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}-l-nitrobenzene
A mixture of the product from step (i) (1.6Og), potassium carbonate (0.934g) and 2- fluoro-4-chloro-nitrobenzene (1.18g ) in DMF (20ml) was stirred at RT overnight.
Water(200ml) was added and the mixture extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were 0 dried, evaporated under reduced and the residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 4:1, yield 0.8Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.23-8.21 (IH, d), 8.11-8.10 (IH, s), 7.90-7.84 (2H, m), 7.34-7.31 (IH, d),
6.76-6.75 (IH, d), 3.10 (2H, q), 1.37-1.26 (3H, t).
5 (iii) 4-Chloro-2- {[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio} aniline
The product from step (ii) (0.80g) and reduced iron powder (0.80g) in glacial acetic acid (30ml) was vigorously stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate evaporated under reduced pressure to give a brown oil which was neutralised with 2M NaOH and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organics were dried, evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/ethylacetate 2:1, yield 0.7Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.88-7.87 (IH, m), 7.58-7.54 (IH, m), 7.44-7.43 (IH, m), 7.33-7.28 (IH, m), 6.82-6.75 (2H, m), 4.30 (2H, s), 3.12-3.05 (2H, q), 1.32-1.18 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 360 (M-I)
(iv) Ethyl [(4-chloro-2- {[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}phenyl)thio]acetate Ethyl mercaptoacetate (0.1 ImI) followed by isoamylnitrite (0.16ml) were added to a solution of the product from step (iii) (0.35g) in dry acetonitrile (20ml) and heated at 60°C for 1Oh. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with diethylether, the organics dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 1:1, yield 0.1 Og.
MS: ESI (+ve) 465 (M+l)
(v) [(4-Chloro-2-{[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}phenyl)thio]acetic acid
A mixture of the product from step (iv) (O.lOg), sodium hydroxide (0.018g) in methanol (5ml) and water (5ml) was stirred at RT for Ih. The mixture was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC. Yield 0.012g IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 7.97 (IH, s), 7.71-7.63 (3H, m), 7.50-7.48 (IH, d), 6.81-6.79(1H, d), 3.80 (2H, s), 3.40-3.31 (2H, q), 1.11-1.07 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 435/437 (M-I)
Example 6 N-{4-Chloro-2-[2-chIoro-4-(ethylsuIfonyI)phenoxy]phenyl}gIycine
Figure imgf000036_0001
(i) 2-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenol The product from example 4 step (i) (1.Og) in dry NMP (20ml) was treated with 2-butyn- l-ol (0.63ml) and sodium tert-butoxide (0.864g) and the mixture stirred at 8O0C for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between water/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 1.06g. s MS: ESI (-ve) 219 (M-I)
(ii) 4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-l-nitrobenzene
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (ii) using the product from step (i). Yield 1.Og. o IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.08-8.05 (2H, m), 7.82-7.78 (IH, d), 7.38-7.26 (IH, d), 7.08-7.04 (2H, d), 3.19-3.12 (2H, q), 1.35-1.30 (3H, t).
(iii) 4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy] aniline
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (iii) using the s product from step (ii). Yield 0.95g. MS: ESI (-ve) 344/346 (M-I)
(iv) Ethyl N- {4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycinate A mixture of the product from step (iii) (0.95g), ethyl bromoacetate (0.145ml) and 0 sodium acetate (0.16Og) in dry ethanol (30ml) was heated under reflux 24h. A further 5 equivalents of ethyl bromoacetate were added and heated for a further 48h. The mixture was partitioned between water/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/ diethylether 1:1, yield 0.44g. 5 MS: ESI (+ve) 431 (M+l)
(v) N- {4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (v) using the product from step (iv). yield 0.18 Ig. Q lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.04 (IH, s), 7.78-7.75 (IH, d), 7.15-7.13 (IH, d), 7.05 (IH, s), 6.98- 6.96 (IH, d), 6.65-6.63 (IH, d), 5.40 (IH, bs), 3.40-3.31 (4H, m), 1.13-1.07 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 402/404 (M-I) Example 7 ({4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}thio)acetic acid
Figure imgf000038_0001
5 (i) Ethyl ({4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}thio)acetate
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (iv) using the product from example 6 step (iii). Yield 0.4g. MS: ESI (+ve) 467 (M+NH4)
Q (ii) ({4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}thio)acetic acid
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step (v) using the product from step (i), yield 0.02g. lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.07 (IH, s), 7.79-7.76 (IH, d), 7.54-7.47 (IH, d), 7.41-7.33 (2H, m),
7.00-6.97 (IH, d), 3.77 (2H, s), 3.50-3.23 (2H, q), 1.23-1.05 (3H, t). s MS: ESI (-ve) 419/421 (M-I)
Example 8 3-{2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyI}propanoic acid
Figure imgf000038_0002
Q The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 using 4-fluoro-2- methoxybenzaldehyde, yield 0.137g. lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.15-8.14 (IH, s), 7.86-7.83 (IH, d), 7.48-7.44 (IH3 m), 7.13-7.07 (2H, m), 6.99-6.96 (IH, d), 3.27 (3H, s), 2.76-2.72 (2H, t), 2.54-2.49 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 371 (M-I) Example 9 {2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyI}acetic acid
Figure imgf000039_0001
(i) 4-Fluoro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step (ii) using 4- fluoro-2-methoxybenzaldehyde, yield 3.Og. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 11.83 (IH, s), 9.83 (IH, s), 7.58-7.53 (IH, m), 6.75-6.65 (2H, m).
(ii) 2-(Benzyloxy)-4-fluorobenzaldehyde
A mixture of the product from step (i) (3.0g), potassium carbonate (4.42g) and benzyl bromide (3.90ml) in DMF (40ml) was heated at 90°C for 14h. The mixture was partitioned between water/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/ diethylether 5 : 1 , yield 6.3 g.
(iii) [2-(Benzyloxy)-4-fluorophenyl]methanol
Sodium borohydride (0.223g) was added to a solution of the product from step (ii) (1.07g) in dry ethanol (30ml) and the mixture was stirred at RT overnight. The mixture was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 1.08g. MS: ESI (-ve) 231 (M-I)
(iv) Benzyl 2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluorophenyl ether A mixture of the product from step (iii) (1.06g), methane sulphonyl chloride (0.351ml) and triethylamine (0.636ml) in DCM (20ml) was stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between water/DCM, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/DCM 1:1, yield 0.7g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.47-7.25 (6H, m), 6.69-6.62 (2H, m), 5.11 (2H, s), 4.59 (2H, s).
(v) [2-(Benzyloxy)-4-fluorophenyl] acetic acid
A mixture of the product from step (iv) (0.7g) and sodium cyanide (0.162g) in DMSO (20ml) was heated at 60°C for 2h. 2M Sodium hydroxide (10ml) was added and the mixture heated at 100°C for 6h then stirred at RT for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure, yield 0.68g. MS: ESI (-ve) 259 (M-I)
(vi) (4-Fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step (v), yield 0.34g. MS: ESI (-ve) 169 (M-I)
(vii) {2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl} acetic acid
Sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.176g) was added to a solution of the product from step (vi) (0.34g) in dry DMF (10ml) and stirred at RT for Ih before adding the product from example 3 step (vii) (0.416g). The mixture was heated at 80°C for Ih, then partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate. The organics were dried, evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by reverse phase HPLC. Yield 0.064g lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.10 (IH5 s), 7.82-7.80 (IH, d), 7.48-7.44 (IH, m), 7.11-7.08 (2H, m), 6.97-6.94 (IH, d), 3.41-3.35 (2H, s), 3.26 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 357 (M-I)
Example 10
4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-α-methyI-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000040_0001
i) (2E)-3-(4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-, ethyl ester, 2-propenoic acid The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step iv) using ethyl- PjP-dimethylphosphonoacetate with the product from example 3 step i) Yield 1.85g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.75-7.10 (4H, m), 4.31-4.25 (2H, q), 3.90 (3H, s), 2.03-2.02 (3H, s), 1.37-1.33 (3H, t).
ii) (2E)-3-(4-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-2-propenoic acid, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step ii) using the product from step i) Yield 1.8Og. MS: ΕSI (-ve) 273 (M-I)
iii) (2£)-3-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-2-methyl-2- propenoic acid The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step ii) Yield 0.35g.
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.74 (IH, bs), (IH, m), 7.49 (6H, m), 7.12-7.10 (IH, d), 3.27-3.26 (3H, s), 1.94 (3H, s).
iv) 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-α-methyl-benzenepropanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step v) using the product
Figure imgf000041_0001
lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.10 (IH, s), 7.82-7.80 (IH, d), 7.48-7.44 (IH, m), 7.11-7.08 (2H, m),
6.97-6.94 (IH, d), 3.41-3.35 (2H, s), 3.26 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 435 (M-I) Example 11 iV_[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-glycme
Figure imgf000042_0001
i) 2-amino-5-fluoro-phenol
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step v) using 2-nitro-5- fluoro phenol. Yield 1.74g.
MS: ESI (-ve) 126 (M-I)
ii) 2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenamine The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step i). Yield 1.0Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.05-7.73 (2H, m), 6.95-6.67 (4H, m), 3.48-3.47 (2H, bs), 3.06 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 314 (M-I)
iii) N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the methods of example 6 step iv-v) using the product from step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.10-6.62 (6H, m), 5.2O(1H, bs), 3.47 (2H, s), 3.25 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 372 (M-I) Example 12 iV-[2-[2-chIoro-4-(ethylsulfonyI)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyI]-glycine
Figure imgf000043_0001
i) 2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenamine
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 11 step ii) using the product from example 4step i) Yield 0.7g. MS: ESI (+ve) 330 (M+l)
ii) iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-glycine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 6 step iv) using the product from step i).
IH NMR DMSO-dό: δ 8.04-8.02 (Ih, s), 7.78-7.74 (IH, d), 7.02-6.86 (3H, m), 6.69-6.65 (IH, m), (2H, m), 3.72 (2H, s), 3.41-3.30 (2H, q), 1.13-1.06 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 386 (M-I)
Example 13 iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsuIfoiiyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyI]-2-methyI-alaiiine
Figure imgf000043_0002
The title compound was prepared using the product from example 11 step ii) (0.50g) which was dissolved in dry acetone (30ml) and treated with trichloro-methylpropanol (0.75g). The mixture was cooled to 0 C before adding crushed sodium hydroxide (0.183g) and stirring for 1 hour at room temperature. This process was repeated a further two times and left to stir at room temperature overnight. The mixture was extracted with ether(discarded). The aqueous layer was acidified and extracted with ethyl acetate ,dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC to give a white solid. lH NMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.11-8.10 (Ih, s), 7.84-7.80 (IH, d), 7.01-6.89 (3H, m), 6.72-6.67 (IH, m), 3.31 (3H, s), 1.41 (6H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 400 (M-I)
Example 14 /γ.[2-[2-chloro-4-(methyIsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine
Figure imgf000044_0001
i) N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared using the product from example 11 step ii) (0.44g) which was dissolved in dry DCM (20ml) and treated with 2,6-lutidine (0.162ml) followed by ethyl-o-trifluoromethanesulphonyl-D-lactate (0.285ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The residue was purified by chromatography eluting with ether/isohexane 1:1, yield 0.6g.
MS: ESI (-ve) 414 (M-I)
ii) iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine
The title compound was prepared using the method of example 5 step v) using the product from stepi). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.11-8.10 (IH, s), 7.83-7.79 (IH, d), 7.03-6.74 (4H, m), 4.14-4.07
(IH, q), 3.26 (3H, s), 1.35-1.26 (3H, d). MS: ESI (-ve) 386 (M-I) Example 15 iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methyIsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-gIycine
Figure imgf000045_0001
i) 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenamine
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 4- chloro-2-hydroxyaniline and the product from example 3 step vii). Yield 3.Og. MS: ESI (-ve) 330 (M-I)
ii) iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 6 step iv) using the product from step i). Yield 0.6 g. MS: ESI (+ve) 418 (M+l)
iii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl] -glycine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.11-8.10 (IH, s), 7.82-7.79 (IH, d), 7.16-6.94 (3H, m), 6.67-6.64
(IH, d), 5.49 (IH, m), 3.51 (2H, s), 3.25 (3H, s).. MS: ESI (-ve) 388 (M-I)
Example 16 [[4-chloro-2-[2-chIoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]thio]-acetic acid
Figure imgf000045_0002
i) [[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]thio]-acetic acid, ethyl ester Ethyl mercaptoacetate (0.1 ImI) followed by isoamylnitrite (0.16ml) were added to a solution of the product from example 15 step (i) (0.5g) in dry acetonitrile (20ml) and heated at 6O0C for 1Oh. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with diethylether, the organics dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with dichloromethane, yield 0.6Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 435 (M+l)
ii) [[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]thio]-acetic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.13-8.12 (IH, s), 7.84-7.80 (IH, d), 7.50-7.29 (3H, m), 6.99-6.96
(IH, d), 3.75 (2H, s), 3.27 (3H, s)..
MS: ESI (-ve) 405 (M-I)
Example 17
7V-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsuIfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine
Figure imgf000046_0001
i) N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine, methyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 14 step i) using the product from example 15 step i). Yield 0.5g. MS: ESI (-ve) 416 (M-I)
ii) iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lH NMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.04-8.03 (IH, s), 1.11-1.15 (IH, d), 6.98-6.91 (3H, m), 6.69-6.65 (IH, m), 5.40 (IH5 m), 3.52-3.50 (IH, q), 3.40-3.30 (2H, q), 1.20-1.18 (3H, d), 1.13-1.07 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 400 (M-I)
Example 18 iV-[4-chIoro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsuIfonyl)phenoxy]phenyI]-D-aIanine
Figure imgf000047_0001
i) 7V-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]plienyl]-D-alanine, methyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 14 step i) using the product from example 12 step i). Yield 0.6g. MS: ESI (+ve) 418 (M+l)
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-D-alanine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i).
lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.11-8.10 (IH, s), 7.83-7.80 (IH, d), 7.16-7.14 (IH, d), 7.01-6.97 (2H, m), 6.77-6.74 (IH, d), 5.40 (IH, m), 4.13-4.11 (IH, q), 3.40-3.30 (3H, s), 1.36-1.35 (3H, d). MS: ESI (-ve) 402 (M-I) Example 19 iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsuIfonyl)phenoxy]phenyI]-iV-methyl-glycine
Figure imgf000048_0001
i) iV-[4-cliloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-N-methyl-glycine, ethyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from example 15 step ii).(0.70g) which was dissolved in dimethylsulphate (3ml). Sodium hydrogen carbonate
(0.355g) was added and heated to 90 C for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried, and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil.
The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with diethyl ether, yield 0.7Og.
MS: ESI (+ve) 432 (M+l)
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-7V-methyl-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.07 (IH, s), 1.11-1.1 A (IH, d), 7.22-7.02 (3H, m), 6.82-6.80 (IH, d), 3.69 (2H, s), 3.24 (3H, s), 2.80 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 402 (M-I)
Example 20 2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyI)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000048_0002
i) 4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 steps ii-v) using 4- fluoro-2-methoxybenzaldehyde, yield 1.9Og. MS: ESI (-ve) 211 (M-I)
ii) 2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid, ethyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step i) and the product from example 4 step i) yield (0.45g).. MS: ESI (+ve) 432 (M+NH4)
iii) 2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product
Figure imgf000049_0001
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.05-8.04 (IH, s), 7.79-7.76 (IH, m), 7.47-7.43 (IH, m), 7.08-6.96 (3H, m), 3.37-3.35 (2H, q), 2.63-2.59 (2H, t), 2.07-2.03 (2H, t), 1.13-1.10 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 385 (M-I)
Example 21 2-[4-(ethyIsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyI)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000049_0002
i) 2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid, ethyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 4- bromo-l-(methylsulphonyl)-2-trifluoromethylbenzene yield and the product from example 20 step i) 0.6Og.
MS: ESI (+ve) 452 (M+NH4)
ii) 2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.20-8.17 (IH, d), 7.54-7.45 (2H, m), 7.28-7.25 (IH3 d), 7.12-7.05 (2H, m), 3.27 (3H, s), 2.62-2.55 (2H, t), 2.05-1.99 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 405 (M-I)
Example 22 2-[4-(ethyIsuIfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropaiioic acid
Figure imgf000050_0001
i) 4-bromo- 1 -(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzene
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step vii) using 4- bromo-l-(ethylthio)-2-trifluoromethylbenzene yield (0.97g). IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.13-7.89 (3H, m), 3.31-3.24 (2H, q), 1.34-1.29 (3H, t).
ii) 3- {2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 21 using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.20-8.17 (IH, d), 7.54-7.45 (2H, m), 7.28-7.25 (IH, d), 7.07-7.02 (2H, m), 3.35-3.32 (2H, q), 2.60-2.54 (2H, t), 2.04-2.00 (2H, t), 1.17-1.14 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 405 (M-I) Example 23 iV-^-chloro-I-I^-Cethylsulfony^phenyllthiolphenyll-glycine
Figure imgf000051_0001
i) 7V-[4-chloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 6 step iv) using the product from example 5 step iii) yield 0.30g. MS: ESI (+ve) 448 (M+H)
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-glycine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product
Figure imgf000051_0002
lH ΝMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.65 (IH, s), 7.936-7.93 (IH, s), 7.66-7.41 (3H, m), 6.80-6.71 (2H, m), 6.06-6.02 (IH, t), 3.90-3.88 (2H, d), 3.39-3.35 (2H, q), 1.10-1.05 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 418 (M-I)
Example 24 iV-[4-chIoro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-D-alanine
Figure imgf000051_0003
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 14 steps i-ii) using the product from example 5 step iii). lH ΝMRDMSO-d6: δ 7.94-7.93 (IH, s), 7.68-7.64 (IH, d), 7.51-7.42 (2H, m), 6.80-6.75
(2H, m), 5.78-5.76 (IH, d), 4.07-4.05 (IH, q), 3.41-3.27 (2H, q), 1.27-1.24 (3H, d), 1.16-1.05
(3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 432 (M-I) Example 25 iV-[4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine
Figure imgf000052_0001
i) 4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenamine
The subtitle compound was prepared by the example 3 step viii) using the product from example 22 step i) and 2-amino-5-chlorophenol. Yield 1.Og
MS: ESI (-ve) 378 (M-I)
ii) iV-[4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 15 steps ii-iii) using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.14-8.11 (IH, d), 7.58-7.57 (IH, m), 7.29-7.14 (3H, m), 6.69-6.66 (IH, d), 5.67 (IH, m), 3.61 (2H, s), 3.39-3.28 (2H, q), 1.23-1.15 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 436 (M-I)
Example 26 iV-[4-chIoro-2-[4-(ethyIsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-D-alanine
Figure imgf000052_0002
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 14 steps i-ii) using the product from example 25 step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.14-8.11 (IH, d), 7.589-7.58 (IH, m), 7.29-7.16 (3H, m), 6.76-6.73 (IH, d), 5.62 (IH3 m), 4.11-4.09 (IH, m), 3.36-3.28 (2H, q), 1.34-1.32 (3H, d), 1.18-1.13 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 450 (M-I) Example 27 iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethyIsulfonyI)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyI)phenyI]-gIycine
Figure imgf000053_0001
i) 2-nitro-5-(trifluorometliyl)-phenol
The subtitle compound was prepared by using 3-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)phenol (5.Og) which was cooled to 0 C and 65% nitric acid (6ml) was added dropwise. After the addition, the mixture was kept at 0 C for 1 hour. This was diluted with saturated sodium acetate solution, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 3.67g
MS: ESI (+ve) 206 (M+l)
ii) 2-amino-5-(trifluoromethyl)-phenol
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step v) using the product from step i) Yield 1.50g. MS: ESI (+ve) 186 (M+l)
iii) N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 12 steps i-ii) using the product from step ii).
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.84 (IH, bs), 8.027-8.02 (IH, s), 7.78-7.74 (IH, m), 7.34-7.30 (2H, m), 6.97-6.94 ( IH, m), 6.78-6.75 (IH, d), 5.78-5.76 (IH, t), 3.98-3.96 (2H, d), 3.36-3.29 (2H, q), 1.16-1.08 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 436 (M-I) Example 28 /y_[2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-gIycine
Figure imgf000054_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 25 steps i-ii) using the s product from example 27 step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.13-8.10 (IH, d), 7.54-7.24 (4H, m), 6.79-6.76 (IH, d), 5.78-5.76 (IH, t), 3.99-3.97 (2H, d), 3.35-3.27 (2H, q), 1.17-1.12 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 436 (M-I)
o Example 29 iV-[4-chloro-2-(2-chIoro-4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-gIycine
Figure imgf000054_0002
i) 4-(2-amino-5-chlorophenoxy)-3-chloro-benzonitrile 5 The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 2- amino-5-chlorophenol and 3-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile. Yield 2.7Og IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.76-7.75 (IH, s), 7.49-7.46 (IH, d), 7.07-6.77 (4H, m), 3.79 (2H, s).
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester 0 The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 1 step ii) using the product from step i). Yield 1.65g. MS: ESI (-ve) 363 (M-I)
iii) N-[4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.197-8.19 (IH, s),7.76-7.73 (IH, d), 7.16-7.13 (IH, d), 7.04-7.03 (IH, s), 6.88-6.85 (IH, d), 6.70-6.67 (IH, d), 5.78-5.70 (IH, m), 3.84 (2H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 335 (M-I)
Example 30 7V-[2-(4-bromo-2-chIorophenoxy)-4-chlorophenyI] -glycine
Figure imgf000055_0001
i) 2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)-4-chloro-benzenamine
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using 2- amino-5-chlorophenol and 3-chloro-4-fluorobromobenzene. Yield 2.05g. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.61-7.60. (IH, s), 7.37-7.25 (IH, m), 7.05-6.93 (IH, m), 6.83-6.71 (3H, m), 3.85 (2H, s).
ii) iV-[2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)-4-chlorophenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 1 step ii) using the product from step i). Yield 2.5Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 420 (M+l)
iii) iV-[2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)-4-chlorophenyl]-glycine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step ii). IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 7.86-7.85 (IH, s),7.52-7.48 (IH, d), 7.08-7.04 (IH, d), 6.89-6.86 (IH, d), 6.78-6.77 (IH, s), 6.66-6.63 (IH, d), 5.64 (IH, m), 3.86 (2H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 391 (M-I) Example 31 iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-methyl-l,2,4-oxadiazoI-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyI]-gIycine
Figure imgf000056_0001
i) 4-(2-amino-5-chlorophenoxy)-3-chloro-N-hydroxy-benzene carboximidaniide
The subtitle compound was prepared using the product from example 29 step i) (0.6Og) which was dissolved in ethanol (20ml) and treated with hydroxylamine hydrochloride (0.30g) followed by potassium carbonate (0.6Og). The mixture was heated at 90 C for 2 hours, cooled and the solid filtered off. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure to give a red oil. Yield 0.94g.
MS: ESI (+ve) 312 (M+l)
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl] - acetamide
The subtitle compound was prepared using the product from step i) (0.94g) which was dissolved in pyridine (10ml) and treated with acetyl chloride (0.22ml) at 0 C. This was then allowed to warm to room temperature. The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 hours, diluted with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with diethyl ether/isohexane 3:1, yield 0.50g.
IH ΝMR CDCl3: δ 8.43-8.40 (IH, d), 8.25-8.23 (IH, s), 8.02-7.97 (IH, d), 7.67-
7.56 (IH, bs), 7.21-7.11 (2H, d), 6.81-6.75 (IH, s), 2.68-2.67 (3H, s), 2.21-2.18 (3H, s).
iii) 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]- benzenamine The subtitle compound was prepared using the product from step ii) (0.50g) which was dissolved in 2M HCl (10ml) and ethanol (10ml). The mixture was heated at reflux for 3 hours and concentrated under reduced pressure to an solid. Yield 0.45g. MS: ESI (+ve) 335 (M+l)
iv) N-[4-chloro-2- [2-chloro-4-(5 -methyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3 -yl)phenoxy]phenyl] -glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 6 steps iv-v) using the product from step iii). lHNMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.09 (IH, s), 7.92-7.89 (IH, d), 7.14-7.10 (IH, d), 7.01-6.95 (2H, m),
6.70-6.67 (IH, d), 5.67 (IH, bs), 3.87 (2H, s), 2.66 (3H, s).
MS: ESI (-ve) 392 (M-I)
Example 32
ΛL[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-ethyI-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]-gIycine
Figure imgf000057_0001
i)7V-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-[(liydroxyamino)immomethyl]phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 31 step i) using the product from example 29 step ii). Yield 0.6Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 398 (M+l) ii)N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-ethyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]- glycine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 31 step ii) using the product from step i). Yield 0.6Og.. MS: ESI (+ve) 436 (M+l) iii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-ethyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.10 (IH, s), 7.93-7.89 (IH, d), 7.14-7.10 (IH, d), 7.01-6.95 (2H, m), 6.70-6.67 (IH, d), 5.68 (IH, bm), 3.87 (2H, s), 3.05-2.98 (2H, q), 1.26-1.24 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 408 (M-I) Example 33 iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-pyrimidinyI)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine
Figure imgf000058_0001
i) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-pyrimidmyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycme, ethyl ester
The subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from example 30 step ii) (0.2Og) which was dissolved in dry dioxane (10ml). Cesium fluoride (0.15g) followed by pyrimidine-5-boronic acid (0.058g) and Palladium(diphenylphosphinoferrocene) dichloride (0.017g) were added and the mixture was heated at 80 C for 10 hours. The mixture was diluted with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 0.2Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 417 (M+l)
ii) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-pyrimidinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 9.19-9.17 (3H, m), 8.12-8.11 (IH, m), 7.79-7.75 (IH, m), 7.10-7.04 (2H, m), 6.80-6.79 (IH, m), 6.68-6.65 (IH, d), 5.70 (IH, bm), 3.89 (2H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 388 (M-I)
Example 34 iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chIoro-4-(2-pyridinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine
Figure imgf000058_0002
i) N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(2-pyridinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine, ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from example 30 step ii) (0.2Og) which was dissolved in dry dioxane (10ml). 2-pyridyl tributyl tin (0.18Ig) and palladium (0) tetrakistriphenylphosphine (0.028g) were added and the mixture was heated at 80 C for 16 hours. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 0.2Og. MS: ESI (+ve) 402 (MH-I)
ii) iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(2-pyridinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine The title compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step v) using the product from step i). lHNMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.67-8.65 (IH, m), 8.30-8.27 (IH, s), 8.05-7.99 (2H, m), 7.91-7.87
(IH, m), 7.38-7.35 (IH, m), 7.09-6.94 (2H, m), 6.78 (IH, s), 6.67-6.65 (IH, d), 5.75 (IH, bm), 3.87 (2H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 386 (M-I)
Example 35 4-chloro-2-[2-chIoro-4-(ethyIsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000059_0001
i) 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde
The subtitle compound was prepared by using 5-chloro-2-hydroxyrnethylphenol (prepared from the method of Vargha.et.al Acta.Chim.Acad.Hung., 4, 1954, 345-360) (5g) which was dissolved in DCM (200ml) and manganese (iv) oxide (1Og) added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give a brown solid. Yield 3.48g. MS: ESI (-ve) 155 (M-I) ii) 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid
The subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from step i). (3.48g) was added to a solution of triethylamine (10ml) and formic acid (7ml) in DMF (30ml) after 20 minutes. Meldrum's acid (3.22g) was added and the mixture heated to 100 C for 4 hours. The solution was basified with 2M NaOH, extracted with ether(discarded). The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with diethyl ether/isohexane 1 :5, yield 0.4Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 12.07 (IH, s), 9.88 (IH, s), 7.07 (IH, d), 6.80 (IH, s), 6.75 (IH, d), 2.71 (2H, t), 2.45 (2H, t).
iii) 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step ii) and the product from example 4 step i). IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.06-8.05 (IH, s), 7.80-7.77 (IH, d), 7.47-7.44 (IH, d), 7.28-7.25 (IH, d), 7.14-7.13 (IH, s), 7.01-6.99 (IH, d), 3.53-3.32 (2H, q), 2.68-2.64 (2H, t), 2.16-2.12 (2H, t), 1.30-1.22 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 401 (M-I)
Example 36
4-chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000060_0001
i) 2-chloro-5-(methylthio)-benzonitrile The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step iii) using 2-chloro- 5-nitrobenzonitrile. Yield 6.7Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.26-7.24 (IH, d), 6.91-6.90 (IH, m), 6.81-6.77 (IH, d), 3.95-3.80 (2H, bs). ii) 2-chloro-5-(ethylthio)-benzonitriIe
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 5 step iv) using the product from step i) and diethyldisulphide. Yield 2.5Og.
iii) 2-chloro-5-(ethylsulfonyl)-benzonitrile
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step vii) using the product from step ii). Yield 2.1Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.21 (IH, s), 8.06-8.04 (IH, d), 7.76-7.74 (IH, d), 3.18-3.13 (2H, q), 1.34-1.30 (3H, t).
iv) 4-chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step iii) and the product from example 35 step ii). IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.43 (IH, s), 8.09-8.06 (IH, d), 7.50-7.35 (3H, m), 7.05-7.03 (IH, d),
3.41-3.334 (2H, q), 2.75-2.72 (2H, t), 2.54-2.48 (2H, t), 1.17-1.07 (3H, t).
MS: ESI (-ve) 392 (M-I)
Example 37 Λr-(4-Chloro-2-{2-chloro-4-[(ethylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy}phenyl)glycine
Figure imgf000061_0001
(i) 4-Chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenoxy)aniline
A mixture of 2-amino-5-chlorophenol (1.Og), 2-chloro-l-fluoro-4-nitrobenzene (1.5g) and potassium carbonate (2.8g) in dry DMF (20ml) was stirred room temperature for Ih then heated at 60°C for 2h. The mixture was partitioned between water/ethyl acetate, the organics separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 10% ethylacetate/isohexane, yield 1.96g. MS: ESI (+ve) 299/301 (ii) Ethyl iV-[4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-nitroplienoxy)plienyl]glycinate
A mixture of the product from step (i) (0.3g), ethyl bromoacetate (0.22ml) and sodium acetate (0.164g) in dry ethanol (5ml) was heated under reflux 7h. Ethyl bromoacetate (0.5ml) and sodium acetate (0.34g) were added and heated for a further 16h. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 5-7% ethylacetate/isohexane, yield 0.212g.
1H NMR CDCl3: δ 8.39 (IH, s), 8.07 (IH, d), 7.13 (IH, d), 6.94-6.92 (2H, m), 6.60 (IH, d),
4.63 (IH, brs),4.22 (2H, q), 3.90 (2H, s), 1.28 (3H, t)
(iii) Ethyl N-[2-(4-amino-2-chlorophenoxy)-4-chlorophenyl]glycinate
A mixture of the product from step (ii) (0.2g) and Pd(OH)2/C (0.04g) in ethanol (4ml) was hydro genated at IBar for 5h then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue residue purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 20% ethylacetate/ isohexane, yield 0.13g.
1H NMR CDCl3: δ 6.92-6.88 (2H, m), 6.79 (IH, s), 6.57 (IH, d), 6.51-6.46 (2H, m), 4.25 (2H, q), 3.96 (2H, s), 1.29 (3H, t)
(iv) 7V-(4-Chloro-2-{2-chloro-4-[(ethylsulfonyl)amino]phenoxy}phenyl)glycine Ethanesulphonyl chloride (0.1ml) was added to a mixture of the product from step (iii) (0.1 Ig) and pyridine (0.5ml) in DCM (4ml). After stirring at room temperature for 4h the mixture was partitioned between diethylether/2MHCl. The organics separated, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (5ml) then 2MNaOH added and stirred at room temperature for 2Oh. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between ethylacetate/lMHCl. The organics were separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 80% ethylacetate/isohexane, yield 0.025g. MS: APCI (-ve) 417/9
1H NMR DMSO^: δ 9.95 (IH, s), 7.38 (IH, d), 7.18 (IH, dd), 7.05-6.98 (2H, m), 6.62-6.58 (2H, m), 3.89 (2H, s), 3.14 (2H, q), 1.21 (3H, t) Example 38 iV-{4-Chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl}gIycine
Figure imgf000063_0001
(i) 4-Chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]aniline The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 37 step (i) using 2- chloro-4-fluorobenzotrifluoride. Yield 0.663g. MS: ESI (-ve) 320/322
(ii) Ethyl N- {4-chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycinate The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 37 step (ii) using the product from step (i). Yield 0.5 Ig. MS: ESI (-ve) 406/8
(iii) N- {4-Chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine A mixture of the product from step (ii) (0.5g), methanol (5ml), water (4ml) and 2MNaOH
(2ml) were stirred at room temperature for 4h then partitioned between ethylacetate/2MHCl.
The organics were separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethylether/isohexane and filtered, yield O.lg.
MS: ESI (-ve) 378/380 1H NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.62 (IH, s), 7.82 (IH, d), 7.26 (IH, s), 7.17-7.13 (2H, m), 6.99 (IH, d), 6.70 (IH, d), 5.77 (IH, brs), 3.84 (2H, s) Example 39 iV-{4-Chloro-2-[4-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl}glycine
Figure imgf000064_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 38 s MS: APCI (-ve) 369
1H NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.69 (IH, s), 8.35 (IH, s), 8.06 (IH, d), 7.19 (IH, d), 7.07 (IH, s), 6.98 (IH, d), 6.74 (IH, d), 5.53 (IH, s), 3.87 (2H, s)
Example 40 o iV-{4-ChIoro-2-[2-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl}gIyciiie
Figure imgf000064_0002
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 38 MS: APCI (-ve) 369
1H NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.62 (IH, s), 8.40 (IH, s), 7.94 (IH, d), 7.25 (IH, s), 7.20 (IH, d), s 6.85 (IH, d), 6.71 (IH, d), 6.00 (IH, brs), 3.84 (2H, s)
Example 41 iV-{4-Chloro-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]phenyl}glycine
Figure imgf000064_0003
0 (i) 4-Chloro-2-[4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]aniline The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 37 step (i) using 2- chloro-5-nitrobenzotrifluoride, yield 1.77g MS: ESI (-ve) 331/3
(i)Ethyl N- {4-chloro-2-[4-nitro-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycinate
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 37 step (ii), yield 1.44g MS: ESI (+ve) 419/421
(i)Ethyl iV-{4-chloro-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] phenyl} glycinate
The product from step (ii) (1.4g) and PtO2 (0.25g) in ethylacetate (30ml) was hydrogenated at 2Bar for 6h then filtered. The filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure and the tesidue dissolved in DCM (20ml). Pyridine (5ml) then methanesulphonyl chloride (ImI) was added and stirred at room temperature for 4h. The mixture was partitioned between DCM/2MHC1. The organics were separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with 30% ethylacetate/isohexane, yield 0.64g. MS: APCI (-ve) 467/9
(i)N- {4-Chloro-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino] -2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy] phenyl} glycine
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 38 step (iii) using the product from step (iii). Yield 0.042g.
MS: APCI (-ve) 437 1H NMR DMSO-d6: δ 9.94 (IH, s), 7.56 (IH, s), 7.45 (IH, d), 7.08 (IH, d), 7.00 (IH, d), 6.78
(IH, s), 6.67 (IH, d), 5.48 (IH, brs), 3.89 (2H, s), 3.03 (3H, s)
Example 42 iV-{4-ChIoro-2-[4-[methyl(methylsulfonyl)amino]-2-(trifluoromethyI)phenoxy] phenyl} glycine
Figure imgf000066_0001
A mixture of the compound from example 41 step (iii) (0.43g), potassium carbonate (Ig), and methyl iodide (0.4ml) in DMF (8ml) was stirred at room temperature for 72h then partitioned between ethylacetate/water. The organics were separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in methanol (8ml) then 2MNaOH (4ml) added and stirred at room temperature for 4h.The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between ethylacetate/2MHCl. The organics were separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by RPHPLC yield 0.092g. MS: APCI (-ve) 451
1H NMR CDCl3: δ 12.70 (IH, s), 7.76 (IH, s), 7.64 (IH, d), 7.13 (IH, d), 6.95 (IH, d), 6.90 (IH, s), 6.71 (IH, d), 5.51 (IH, s), 3.89 (2H, s), 3.26 (3H, s), 2.99 (3H, s)
Example 43 4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsuIfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000066_0002
i) 4-(ethylsulfonyl)- 1 -fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzene
The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 36 steps ii-iii) using 4- fluoro-3-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)aniline. Yield 1.9Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.21-8.11 (2H, m), 7.46-7.40 (IH, m), 3.19-3.12 (2H, q), 1.34-1.28 (3H, t). ii) 4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step i) and the product from example 35 step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.18 (IH, s), 8.10 (IH, dd), 7.48 (IH, d), 7.36 (IH, dd), 7.31 (IH, s), 7.10 (IH, d), 3.38 (2H, q), 2.89 (2H, t), 2.51 (2H, t), 1.13 (3H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 435 (M-I)
Example 44
4-chIoro-2-[4-(methylsuIfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyI)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000067_0001
i) 1 -fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)-benzene The subtitle compound was prepared by the method of example 36 steps ii-iii) using A- fluoro-3-(l,l,l-trifluoromethyl)aniline and dimethyldisulphide. Yield (2.Og). IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.26-8.15 (2H, m), 7.46-7.40 (IH, m), 3.06 (3H, s).
ii) 4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step i) and the product from example 35 step ii). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.17 (IH, s), 8.25 (IH, m), 8.16-8.13 (IH, d), 7.49-7.47 (IH, d),
7.38-7.35 (IH, d), 7.28 (IH, s), 7.11-7.09 (IH, d), 3.30 (3H, s), 2.75-2.67 (2H, t), 2.52-2.47
(2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 421 (M-I)
Example 45 4-fluoro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000067_0002
i) 3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-(2E)-2-propenoic acid 1,1-dimethylethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared by using 2-bromo-5-fluorophenol (5.Og), t-butyl acrylate (3.83ml), triethylamine (7.25ml), Palladium(diphenylphosphinoferrocene) dichloride (1.Og) in dry DMF. The mixture was heated to 100 C for 5 hours. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. Yield 2.98g. MS: ESI (-ve) 237 (M-I)
ii) 4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid- 1,1-dimethylethyl ester A mixture of the product from step (i) (2.98g) and 5% platinium on carbon (0.30g) in ethyl acetate (30ml) was hydrogenated at a pressure of 3.50 bar overnight. The mixture was filtered through celite and the filtrate concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil
(1.17g).
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.05 (IH, s), 7.26-7.13 (IH, m), 7.01-6.96(1H, m), 3.06 (IH, s), ), 2.81- 2.77 (2H, t), 2.63-2.59 (2H, t), 1.42 (9H, s).
iii) 4-fluoro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid The title compound was prepared by the method of example 3 step viii) using the product from step ii) and the product from example 44 step i).
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.15 (IH, s), 8.25 (IH, s), 8.16-8.13 (IH, d), 7.51-7.47 (IH, m), 7.18-7.09 (3H, m), 3.28 (3H, s), 2.74-2.67 (2H, t), 2.52-2.45 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 405 (M-I)
Example 46 2-[4-(ethyIsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000068_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 45 using the product from example 43 step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.19-8.18 (IH, s), 8.12-8.09 (IH, d), 7.51-7.48 (IH, t), 7.18-7.11 (3H, m), 3.42-3.37 (2H, q), 2.74-2.70 (2H, t), 2.51-2.45 (2H, t), 1.17-1.11 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 419 (M-I)
Example 47 2-[2-cyano-4-(ethyIsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000069_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 45 using the product from example 36 step i). lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.44-8.43 (IH, s), 8.09-8.06 (IH, d), 7.52-7.48 (IH, t), 7.26-7.15 (2H, m), 7.07-7.05 (IH, d), 3.41-3.34 (2H, q), 2.75-2.71 (2H, t), 2.52-2.47 (2H, t), 1.14-1.07 (3H, s). MS: ESI (-ve) 376 (M-I)
Example 48 2-[2-cyano-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000069_0002
i) 2-chloro-5-(methylsulfonyl)- benzonitrile.
The subtitle compound was prepared using the method of example 36 steps i-iii) using dimethyldisulphide. Yield 2.Og
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.26 (IH, s), 8.11-8.08 (IH, d), 7.77-.775 (IH, d), 3.10 (3H, s).
ii) 2-[2-cyano-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid. The title compound was prepared by the method of example 45 using the product from step i). lHNMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.49 (IH, s), 8.13-8.10 (IH, d), 7.52-7.47 (IH, t), 7.23-7.14 (2H, m), 7.04-7.01 (IH, d), 3.28 (3H, s), 2.72-2.67 (2H, t), 2.42-2.37 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 362 (M-I)
Example 49 4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000070_0001
i) 3-(4-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)-(2iT)-2-propenoic acid ethyl ester l-bromo-4-chloro-2-nitrobenzene (5g), triethylamine (4.42ml), ethyl acrylate (22.9ml), palladium (II) acetate (0.048g) and triphenylphosphine (0.11 Ig) in DMF (30ml) was refluxed at 870C for 1Oh. Toluene was added and the mixture washed with 2M hydrochloric acid and water. The organics were dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to a brown oil which was triturated with isohexane to give a light brown solid. Yield 4.95g.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 8.07-8.02 (2H, m), 7.68-7.47 (2H, m), 6.39-6.33 (IH, d), 4.33- 4.26 (2H, q) 1.37-1.32 (3H, t)
ii) 7-chloro-3,4-dihydro-2(lH)-quinolinone. A mixture of the product from step (i) (4.95g) and 5% platinum on carbon (0.40Og) and a few drops of 2M hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate (30ml) was hydrogenated under a pressure of 3 bar. The catalyst was removed by filtration through celite and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to a brown solid, which was triturated with diethyl ether to give a pink solid. Yield 1.28g lΗ NMR DMSO-d6: δ 10.17 (IH, s), 7.20-7.18 (IH, d), 6.96-6.93 (IH, d), 6.87 (IH, s), 2.87- 2.84 (2H, t), 2.47-2.44 (2H, t)
iii) 4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid. A solution of the product from step (ii) (0.174g) and sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.039g) in DMF (10ml) was stirred at 50°C for 1 hour. The product from example 3 step (vi)- (vii) (0.20Og) was added and the mixture was refluxed at 90°C for 3 hours. The mixture was partitioned between 2M sodium hydroxide and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The residue was purified using RP prep HPLC. Yield 0.06 Ig lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.34 (IH, s), 7.86 (IH, s), 7.62-7.59 (IH, d), 7.42-7.40 (IH, d), 7.32- 7.27 (2H, m), 6.64-6.62 (IH, d), 3.17 (3H, s), 2.74-2.69 (2H, t), 2.54-2.50 (2H, t) MS: ESI (-ve) 386 (M-I)
Example 50 4-chloro-2-[[2-chIoro-4-(ethyIsuIfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000071_0001
A solution of the product from example 49 step (iii) (0.163g) and the product of example 4 step (i) (0.20Og) and caesium carbonate (0.239g) in NMP (10ml) was refluxed at 1000C for 3 hours. The mixture was partitioned between 2M sodium hydroxide and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The residue was purified using RP prep HPLC. Yield 0.044g. lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.40 (IH, s), 7.79 (IH, s), 7.58-7.54 (IH, d), 7.42-7.39 (IH, d), 7.32- 7.29 (2H, m), 6.65-6.62 (IH, d), 3.31-3.20 (4H, m), 2.73-2.69 (2H, t), 1.21-1.07 (3H, q) MS: ESI (-ve) 400 (M-I)
Example 51
4-chIoro-2-[[2-chIoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000072_0001
The title compound was prepared using the method of example 49 using the product from example 44 step i).
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.40 (IH, s), 8.28 (IH, s), 7.97 (IH, m), 7.84-7.82 (IH, d), 7.45-7.31 s (3H, m), 6.64-6.62 (IH, d), 3.18 (3H, s), 2.70-2.67 (2H, t), 2.54-2.50 (2H, t) MS: ESI (-ve) 420 (M-I)
Example 52 4-chIoro-2-[[2-chIoro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyI]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000072_0002
The title compound was prepared using the method of example 49 using the product from example 43 step i). lH NMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.54 (IH, bs), 7.90 (IH, s), 7.79-7.77 (IH, d), 7.44-7.32 (3H, m), 6.67-6.65 (IH, d), 3.28-3.22 (2H, q), 2.68-2.65 (2H, t), 2.51-2.47 (2H, t), 1.11-1.08 (3H, t). s MS: ESI (-ve) 434 (M-I)
Example 53 4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsuIfonyI)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzeneacetic acid
Figure imgf000072_0003
0 i) 4-chloro-2-methoxy-benzeneacetic acid
A solution of 4-chloro-2-methoxy-benzyl alcohol (4g) and thionyl chloride (10ml) in dichloromethane (30ml) was refluxed for Ih. The solution was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue partitioned between diethyl ether and water. The organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. This residue and sodium cyanide (Ig) in DMF (20ml) was stirred at room temperature for 3h. The mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether and water, the organics were dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. A solution of potassium hydroxide was added to the residue and the mixture heated under reflux for 24h. The mixture was partitioned between diethyl ether and water, the aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and isohexane. Yield 1 Ag. IH NMR CDCl3: δ 7.11 (IH, d), 6.92 (IH, d), 6.87 (IH, s), 3.82 (3H, s), 3.62 (2H, s)
ii) 4-chloro-2-hydroxy-benzeneacetic acid
4-chloro-2-methoxy-benzeneacetic acid (1.4g), HBr (25ml), acetic acid (5ml) were refluxed for 48h then evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was azeotroped with toluene and triturated with diethyl ether and isohexane. Yield 0.56g. IHNMR CDCl3: δ 7.12 (IH, d), 6.81-6.76 (2H, m), 3.45 (2H, s)
iii) 4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzeneacetic acid A solution of the product from step (ii) (0.125g), the product of example 44 step (i) (0.150g) and cesium carbonate (0.437g) in NMP (10ml) was stirred at 80°C for 1Oh. The mixture was partitioned between 2M sodium hydroxide and diethyl ether. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M hydrochloric acid, extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified using RP prep HPLC. Yield 0.025g. lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 12.39 (IH, br.s), 8.23 (IH, s), 8.16-8.14 (IH, d), 7.52-7.50 (IH, d), 7.39-7.37 (IH, d), 7.31 (IH, s), 7.14-7.12 (IH, d), 3.58 (2H, s), 3.30 (3H, s) MS: ESI (-ve) 407 (M-I) Example 54 4-chloro-2- [ [4-(methylsuIfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyI)phenyl] thio]-benzene propanoic acid
Figure imgf000074_0001
i) 4-chloro-2-(methylthio)-benzaldehyde
5 The subtitle compound was prepared by using 2-chloro-4-fluorobezaldehyde (1.16g) in dry DMF (20ml). The mixture was treated with sodium thiomethoxide (0.52g) and heated to 50°C for 2 hours. The mixture was diluted with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a solid. The residue was purified by chromatography on silica eluting with isohexane/diethylether 2:1 to give a white solid, yield Q 0.7Og.
IH NMR CDCl3: δ 10.19 (IH, s), 7.74-7.72 (IH, d), 7.28-7.23 (2H, m), 2.50-2.49 (3H, s).
ii) 3-[4-chloro-2-(methylthio)phenyl]-(2E)-2-propenoic acid ethyl ester The subtitle compound was prepared from the method of example 3 step iv) using the s product from step i). Yield 0.95g. MS: ESI (+ve) 257 (M+l)
iii) 4-chloro-2-mercapto-benzenepropanoic acid.
The subtitle compound was prepared by using the product from step ii) (0.7g) which was Q dissolved in DCM (30ml) and cooled to O0C before adding 70% m-CPBA (0.46g). The mixture was kept at 0 C for 2 hours, washed with a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil. The oil was dissolved in DCM (10ml) and cooled to 0°C before adding trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.40ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure s to an oil and dissolved in ethanol (10ml). Triethylamine (10ml) was added and the mixture stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to an oil which was dissolved in diethyl ether, washed with aqueous sodium hydroxide. The aqueous layer was acidified with 2M HCl, extracted with ethyl acetate, dried and concentrated under reduced pressure to give a white solid. Yield 0.26g. lH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 7.35-7.11 (3H, m), 5.69 (IH, s), 2.80-2.74 (2H, t), 2.54-2.50 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 215 (M-I)
iv) 4-chloro-2-[ [4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thio] -benzenepropanoic acid.
Sodium hydride (60% wt. disp. oil, 0.063g) was added to a solution of the product from step (iii) (0.180g) in dry DMF (10ml) and stirred at RT for Ih before adding the product from example 44 step (i) (0.188g). The mixture was heated at 80°C for Ih, then partitioned between 2M hydrochloric acid/ethyl acetate. The organics were dried, concentrated under reduced pressure to give an oil. The residue was purified by reverse phase HPLC. lH NMRDMSO-d6: δ 8.20-8.19 (IH, s), 8.03-8.00 (IH, d), 7.63-7.54 (3H, m), 7.08-7.05 (IH, d), 3.16 (3H, s), 2.90-2.86 (2H, t), 2.49-2.47 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 437 (M-I)
Example 55
4-chloro-2-[2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000075_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 35 step iii) using 3,4- difluorophenylmethylsulphone and the product of example 35 step ii). IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.00-7.97 (IH, d), 7.75-7.72 (IH, d), 7.44-7.42 (IH, d), 7.29-7.26 (IH, d), 7.19-7.12 (2H, m), 3.26 (3H, s), 2.80-2.69 (2H, t), 2.50-2.45 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 371 (M-I) Example 56 4-chIoro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid
Figure imgf000076_0001
The title compound was prepared by the method of example 35 step iii) using the products from example 3 step vii) and example 35 step ii).
IH NMR DMSO-d6: δ 8.14 (IH, s), 7.86-7.83 (IH, d), 7.46-7.44 (IH, d), 7.32-7.29 (IH, d), 7.13-7.07 (2H, m), 3.33-3.27 (5H, m), 2.75-2.73 (2H, t). MS: ESI (-ve) 386 (M-I)
Pharmacological Data
Ligand Binding Assay
[3H]PGD2 was purchased from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences with a specific activity of 100-210Ci/mmol. All other chemicals were of analytical grade. HEK cells expressing rhCRTh2 / Gαl6 were routinely maintained in DMEM containing 10% Foetal Bovine Serum (HyClone), lmg/ml geneticin, 2mM L-glutamine and 1% non¬ essential amino acids. For the preparation of membranes, the adherent transfected HEKcells were grown to confluence in two layer tissue culture factories (Fisher, catalogue number TKT-170-070E). Maximal levels of receptor expression were induced by addition of 50OmM sodium butyrate for the last 18 hours of culture. The adherent cells were washed once with phosphate buffered saline (PBS, 50ml per cell factory) and detached by the addition of 50ml per cell factory of ice-cold membrane homogenisation buffer [2OmM HEPES (pH 7.4), O.lmM dithiothreitol, ImM EDTA, O.lmM phenyl methyl sulphonyl fluoride and lOOμg/ml bacitracin]. Cells were pelleted by centrifugation at 220xg for 10 minutes at 40C, re- suspended in half the original volume of fresh membrane homogenisation buffer and disrupted using a Polytron homogeniser for 2 x 20 second bursts keeping the tube in ice at all times. Unbroken cells were removed by centrifugation at 220xg for 10 minutes at 4°C and the membrane fraction pelleted by centrifugation at 90000xg for 30 minutes at 40C. The final pellet was re-suspended in 4 ml of membrane homogenisation buffer per cell factory used and the protein content determined. Membranes were stored at -80°C in suitable aliquots.
AU assays were performed in Corning clear bottomed, white 96-well NBS plates (Fisher). Prior to assay, the HEK cells membranes containing CRTh2 were coated onto SPA PVT WGA beads (Amersham). For coating membranes were incubated with beads at typically 25μg membrane protein per mg beads at 4°C with constant agitation overnight. (The optimum coating concentrations were determined for each batch of membranes) The beads were pelleted by centrifugation (800xg for 7minutes at 4°C), washed once with assay buffer (5OmM HEPES pH 7.4 containing 5mM magnesium chloride) and finally re-suspended in assay buffer at a bead concentration of 1 Omg/ml.
Each assay contained 20μl of 6.25nM [3H]PGD2, 20μl membrane saturated SPA beads both in assay buffer and lOμl of compound solution or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto prostaglandin D2 (DK-PGD2, for determination of non-specific binding, Cayman chemical company). Compounds and DK-PGD2 were dissolved in DMSO and diluted in the same solvent to 10Ox the required final concentration. Assay buffer was added to give a final concentration of 10% DMSO (compounds were now at 1Ox the required final concentration) and this was the solution added to the assay plate. The assay plate was incubated at room temperature for 2 hours and counted on a Wallac Microbeta liquid scintillation counter (1 minute per well).
Compounds of formula (I) have an IC50 value of less than (<) lOμM. Specifically, example 5 has a ρIC50 = 8.6, example 7 has a pIC50 = 9.1 and example 37 has a pICso = 8.6.

Claims

1. A compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
Figure imgf000078_0001
(I)
in which:
T is a bond, S(O)n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), CR l1IπT 2, NR , 113.
W is O, S(O)n (where n is 0, 1 or 2), NR 13 , CROR4 or CR l1rR>2"
X is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, S(O)n R6, OR12 or C1-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms;
Y is selected from hydrogen, halogen, CN, nitro, SO2R3, OR4, SR4, SOR3, SO2NR4R5, CONR4R5, NR4R5, NR6SO2R3, NR6CO2R6, NR6COR3, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 where n is 0, 1 or 2;
Z is aryl or heteroaryl, optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from from hydrogen, halogen, CN, OH, SH, nitro, CO2R6, SO2R9, OR9, SR9, SOR9, SO2NR10R11, CONR10R11, NR10R11, NHSO2R9, NR9SO2R9, NR6CO2R6, NHCOR9, NR9COR9, NR6CONR4R5, NR6SO2NR4R5, aryl, heteroaryl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6, NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n is 0, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7.
R1 and R2 independently represent a hydrogen atom, halogen, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or a C1-6alkyl group, the latter four groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, NR6R7, OR6, S(O)nR6 (where n is O, 1 or 2); or
R1 and R2 together can form a 3-8 membered ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S, NR6 and itself optionally substituted by one or more C1-C3 alkyl or halogen;
R3 represents C3-C7 cycloalkyl, C1-6alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl or C2-C6 alkynyl all of which may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = 0,1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7,SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n - 0,1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7,SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; or R4 and R5 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a 3-8 membered saturated heterocylic ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S(O)n (where n = 0,1 or 2), NR8, and itself optionally substituted by halogen or C^3 alkyl; R6 and R7 independently represents a hydrogen atom or C1-C6 alkyl; R8 is hydrogen, Cr4 alkyl, -COC1-C4 alkyl, CO2CrC4alkyl or CONR6C1-C4alkyl; R9 represents aryl, heteroaryl, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = O, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7;
R10 and R11 independently represent aryl or heteroaryl, hydrogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl or C1-6alkyl, the latter two groups being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from halogen, C3-C7 cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, OR6 and NR6R7, S(O)nR6 (where n = 0, 1 or 2), CONR6R7, NR6COR7, SO2NR6R7 and NR6SO2R7; or
R10 and R11 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached can form a 3-8 membered saturated heterocylic ring optionally containing one or more atoms selected from O, S(O)n (where n = 0, 1 or 2), NR8, and itself optionally substituted by halogen or C1-C3 alkyl,
R12 represents a hydrogen atom or C1-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms, and
R13 represents a hydrogen atom, C1-6alkyl which may be substituted by one or more halogen atoms or C3-C7 cycloalkyl, SO2R6 or COC1-C4 alkyl, provided that • when T is carbon or a bond, the substiutent on group Z cannot be NR10R11, where
R10R11 are independently hydrogen, aryl, or alkyl, and
• the compounds 2-[(4-carboxyphenyl)amino]-4,5-dihydroxy-benzenepropanoic acid and 4-chloro-2-[(4-chlorophenyl)thio]-benzeneacetic acid are excluded.
2. A compound according to claim 1 in which X is trifluoromethyl or halogen.
3. A compound according to claim 1 or 2 in which Y is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl.
4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3 in which Z is phenyl, optionally substituted as defined in claim 1.
5. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4 in which R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen or C1-3 alkyl.
6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which W is O, S, NH or CH2.
7. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in which T is a bond, S, CR1R2 or
NR13.
8. A compound according to claim 1 selected from: N-(4-Chloro-2-phenoxyphenyl)glycine; 3-[2-(3-Cyanophenoxy)-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid; 3-[2-[2-Cliloro-4-(metliylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid;
3-[2-[2-Chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]propanoic acid;
[(4-Chloro-2-{[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio}phenyl)thio]acetic acid;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}glycine; ({4-Chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl}thio)acetic acid;
3-{2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl}propanoic acid;
{2-[2-Chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl} acetic acid;
4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-α-methyl-benzenepropanoic acid;
N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoroplienyl]-glycine; N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-glycine; iV"-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-2-metliyl-alanine;
7V-[2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alanine; iV"-[4-cliloro-2-[2-cliloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycme;
[[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]thio]-acetic acid; N-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluorophenyl]-D-alaniiie;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-D-alanme;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-J/V-methyl-glycine;
2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid; 2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
7V-[4-chloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-glycine;; iV-[4-cliloro-2-[[4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]thio]phenyl]-D-alanine;
7V-[4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]phenyl]-glycme;
Λr-[4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]phenyl]-D-alanine; iV-[2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-glycine;
N-[2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-(trifluorometliyl)phenyl]-glycme;
N-[4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-4-cyanophenoxy)phenyl]-glycme;
7V-[2-(4-bromo-2-chlorophenoxy)-4-chlorophenyl]-glycine; iV-[4-cliloro-2-[2-cliloro-4-(5-metliyl-l,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine; iV-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-ethyl- 1 ,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(5-pyrimidinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine;
N-[4-chloro-2-[2-cliloro-4-(2-pyridinyl)phenoxy]phenyl]-glycine; 4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfoiiyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
N-(4-Chloro-2-{2-chloro-4-[(ethylsulfonyl)ammo]phenoxy}phenyl)glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[3-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl}glycine; N- {4-Chloro-2-[4-cyano-2-(trifluoromethyl)plienoxy]phenyl} glycine;
N- {4-Chloro-2-[2-cyano-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[4-[(methylsulfonyl)ammo]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]phenyl} glycine;
N-{4-Chloro-2-[4-[methyl(metliylsulfonyl)ainino]-2-(trifluorometliyl)plienoxy] phenyl} glycine; 4-chloro-2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-fluoro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[4-(ethylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
2-[2-cyano-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid; 2-[2-cyano-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-4-fluoro-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-cliloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl]ammo]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]amino]-benzenepropanoic acid;
4-chloro-2- [ [2-chloro-4-(ethylsulfonyl)phenyl] amino] -benzenepropanoic acid; 4-chloro-2-[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-benzeneacetic acid;
4-chloro-2-[[4-(methylsulfonyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]thio]-benzene propanoic acid;
4-chloro-2-[2-fluoro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid,
4-chloro-2-[2-chloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenoxy]-benzenepropanoic acid, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
9. A compound of formula (I) according to any one of claims 1 to 8 for use in therapy.
10. A method of treating a disease mediated by prostaglandin D2, which comprises administering to a patient a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt as defined in claims 1 to 8.
11. A method of treatment according to claim 10 wherein the disease is asthma or rhinitis.
12. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) which comprises reaction of a compound of formula (II):
Figure imgf000083_0001
in which T = S or NR13 and W, X, Y and Z are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, with a compound of formula (III):
L-CR1R2CO2R14 (III)
Where R1 and R2 are as defined in formula (I) or are protected derivatives thereof, R14 is H or C1-C1O alkyl group and L is a leaving group, and optionally thereafter in any order: • removing any protecting group
• hydrolysing the ester group R14 to the corresponding acid
• oxidation of sulphides to sulphoxides or sulphones
• forming a pharmaceutically acceptable salt.
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