WO2005114051A2 - Starved air inclined hearth combustor - Google Patents
Starved air inclined hearth combustor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005114051A2 WO2005114051A2 PCT/US2005/016816 US2005016816W WO2005114051A2 WO 2005114051 A2 WO2005114051 A2 WO 2005114051A2 US 2005016816 W US2005016816 W US 2005016816W WO 2005114051 A2 WO2005114051 A2 WO 2005114051A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- hearth
- combustor
- combustion chamber
- hearths
- central bore
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 21
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 210000001331 nose Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000746 Structural steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
- F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
- F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
- F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J1/00—Removing ash, clinker, or slag from combustion chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
- F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
- F23J15/027—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using cyclone separators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
- F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion by discharging the air below the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
- F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
- F23G2203/803—Rams or pushers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/00001—Exhaust gas recirculation
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to improvements in starved air inclined hearth combustors, wherein "starved air” is used to define a combustor having a primary chamber which combusts a fuel, such as municipal waste, in the presence of oxygen, but which requires a subsequent secondary chamber for efficient and environmentally superior completion of combustion.
- starved air is used to define a combustor having a primary chamber which combusts a fuel, such as municipal waste, in the presence of oxygen, but which requires a subsequent secondary chamber for efficient and environmentally superior completion of combustion.
- MWCs Municipal waste combustors
- U.S. Patent No. 4,479,441 to Somodi discloses various improvements in previous inclined hearth municipal waste combustors (MWCs) to address problems with underfire combustion air systems that tended to become plugged up with molten materials from the municipal solid waste stream.
- MWCs municipal waste combustors
- drawbacks with the system disclosed by Somodi include: 1) excessive operating and maintenance cost; and 2) combustion inefficiency.
- An improved inclined hearth combustor formed in accordance with the present invention generally includes a primary combustion chamber having a plurality of stepped hearths, a secondary combustion chamber and a boiler.
- the primary combustion chamber and secondary combustion chambers are provided with various improvements over the prior art that result in reduced construction cost, reduced operating and maintenance costs and better combustion efficiency.
- the height of the primary combustor ceiling at the loader ram area is increased and a minimum height of four feet is provided between the underside of the last hearth and the bottom floor at the opposite end of the primary combustor.
- the bottom four feet of the primary combustor side walls are preferably constructed with poured refractory material and the remaining upper portion of the primary combustor side walls is preferably lined with a sprayed refractory material.
- the primary combustor chamber further preferably includes a dry ash handling system having a mechanical boiler air seal to remove the combusted ash particles from the combustor.
- the secondary combustor of the present invention preferably comprises a refractory-lined cyclone separator disposed at the primary combustor chamber exit and surrounding the boiler gas inlet.
- the cyclone separator preferably includes a flue gas recirculation inlet for inputting heated flue gas coming back from the boiler outlet and an ash lock at the bottom of the cyclone separator to capture the fly ash removed from the combustion gas.
- the ash transfer rams of the present invention's primary combustor preferably include a top layer of refractory material, in place of steel, and have V-shaped wheels that ride on correspondingly shaped tracks situated rearwardly from the hearths.
- the ash transfer rams also preferably include easily replaceable steel wear plates disposed on the sides of the ash transfer rams and a forward-scooping wiper blade fixed on the bottom of its front face. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment, below each transfer ram is at least one small ash collection conveyor to collect any refuse spillage from the ram as the ram is retracted back under the hearth.
- the primary combustor of the present invention further preferably includes a reciprocating loader ram having a plurality of wear strips extending longitudinally on its bottom surface and the top surface of the first hearth has at least one steel guide strip interposed between a pair of the wear strips to restrict loader ram motion parallel with the side walls of the primary combustor.
- the hearths of the present invention's primary combustor preferably include an upper and a lower row of plural parallel underfire air-feed tubes with clean-out pistons slidably disposed in the air feed-tube. Combustion air is fed to these underfire air-feed tubes via an air distribution plenum extending transversely across and under the upper step of each hearth.
- the upper and lower underfire air-feed tubes ports may be fed via a combined plenum or via two independent plenums.
- Figure 1 is a side cross-sectional view which diagrarnmatically illustrates the relevant portions of a conventional inclined hearth municipal waste combustor of the prior art.
- Figure 2 is a side cross-sectional view which diagrarnmatically illustrates the relevant portions of the inclined hearth combustor of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a top view of the inclined hearth combustor shown in Figure 2.
- Figure 4 is an enlarged and detailed cross-sectional view of two of the hearths of the combustor shown in Figure 2.
- Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of one of the wheels of the ash transfer ram shown in Figure 4, taken along the line 5-5.
- Figure 6 is a front view of the loader ram shown in Figure 3 taken along the line 6-6.
- Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an underfire air port plenum.
- Figure 8 is a perspective view of two independent plenums feeding the underfire air tubes formed in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention is directed to inclined hearth combustors, and more particularly, municipal waste combustors.
- Combustors of this type are shown and described in U.S. Patent No. 4,479,441 to Somodi, issued October 30, 1984, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference.
- a conventional prior art inclined or "stepped" hearth municipal waste combustor 10 generally includes a floor 11 comprising plural stepped hearths H', H", FT" et seq., descendingly arranged.
- the stepped hearths support waste 20 to be combusted in a generally elongated combustion chamber defined by a housing comprising a steel shell with side walls, roof and floor portions.
- Each stepped-hearth FT, H", FT" et seq is typically constructed of refractory material and supported within the shell on structural steel.
- each hearth has an upper portion 14, having a first top surface 14', and a lower portion 15, having a second top surface 15', the portions being integral with the hearth f and separated by a vertical portion 16 of the hearth.
- a ram means 30 is provided between each hearth having a main ram body 31 which reciprocates over the upper portion 14 by a reciprocating means 32, typically a fluid-actuated cylinder, to push waste over the upper portion 14 and lower portion 15, and down onto the next stepped hearth f".
- the ram pushes burning waste from the surface of an upper hearth to a lower one, thus advancing and agitating the burning waste to promote better combustion.
- a controlled amount of combustion air is supplied to the underfire air feed-tubes and solid waste is fed to the combustion chamber upon the loading hearth thereof, and ignited. Upon ignition of the waste, combustion is self- sustaining. As the solid waste burns, fresh solid waste is fed to the combustion chamber and the ram on the uppermost hearth pushes the burning waste onto a lower hearth.
- Figures 2 and 3 show an improved inclined hearth combustor 44 in accordance with the present invention.
- the combustor 44 is a municipal waste combustor, but the invention is not limited to only such types of combustors,
- the combustor 44 generally includes a primary combustion chamber 45, a secondary combustion chamber 46 and a boiler 48, all in fluid communication.
- Combustion gas 49 from the primary combustion chamber 45 is delivered to the secondary combustion chamber 45 via an opening or passage 50 located at an upper portion of the primary combustion chamber.
- the combustion gas 49 is then delivered to the boiler 48 via a boiler gas inlet 51.
- the primary combustion chamber 45 is bounded by side walls, a combustor ceiling and an inclined arrangement of stepped hearths. Preferably, there are five or six hearths, depending on unit combustion capacity, and fuel heating value, for optimum residence time and burn out.
- the height 53 of the primary combustor ceiling 54 at the loader ram area 55 is increased, as compared to prior art combustors, to allow better combustion of dry waste and to eliminate overheating and damage to the refractory material.
- the loader ram areas in prior art combustors are too small causing overheating of the dry waste as it is fed onto the first hearth 56, resulting in slagging on the hearth that is difficult to remove and damage to the surrounding refractory due to overheating.
- the height 53 of the primary combustor ceiling 54 at the loader ram area 55 is increased to at least ten (10) feet. This allows for gas expansion in this area when burning dry waste.
- the secondary combustor 46 of the present invention preferably comprises a refractory-lined cyclone separator 62 disposed at the primary combustor chamber exit
- the cyclone separator 62 removes fly ash from the combustion gases 49 before entering the waste heat boiler 48, thus reducing tube pluggage and the frequency of boiler tube cleaning.
- the cyclone separator preferably includes a flue gas recirculation inlet 63, as shown in Figure 3, for inputting heated flue gas coming back from the boiler 48.
- An ash lock 64 is also provided at the bottom of the cyclone separator 62 to capture the fly ash removed from the combustion gas 49.
- the bottom four feet 66 of the primary combustor side walls, adjacent to each hearth 52 is preferably lined with poured refractory material, instead of brick, to reduce construction and maintenance cost.
- the remaining upper portion 68 of the primary combustor side walls is preferably lined with a sprayed refractory material, instead of brick, to allow lower construction cost.
- a dry ash handling system 69 Disposed on the forward most floor 60 of the primary combustor chamber 45 is a dry ash handling system 69 having a mechanical boiler air seal to remove the combusted ash particles from the combustor.
- a dry conveyor-type system 69 reduces the cost of ash handling typically associated with wet quench systems and improves the quality of ash for commercial ash reutilization programs.
- a dry conveyor system 69 also allows for combined processing of dry bottom ash and fly ash.
- the primary combustor 45 of the present invention includes ash transfer rams 70 movably disposed between the hearths 52.
- Conventional ash transfer rams are typically made entirely out of steel.
- the ash transfer rams 70 of the present invention include a top layer 72 of refractory material in place of the steel.
- the top refractory layer 72 is about 3 inches in thickness and extends about 4 feet rearwardly from the leading edge 73 of the ram (i.e., the end of the ram facing the inside of the primary combustor 45). It has been found that utilizing a top refractory layer 72 on the rams 70 tightens air seals and reduces maintenance cost.
- leading edge 73 of the ram is also covered with the refractory layer 72 integrally with the top layer.
- the refractory material 72 at the leading edge 73 is sloped downwardly to form a forward "nose" on the ash transfer ram 70.
- the hearths 52 of the present invention include plural parallel air feed-tubes 74 embedded therein with clean-out pistons 76 slidably disposed in the air feed-tube.
- the hearths 52' are made thicker to allow two rows of underfire air ports 74a and 74b in each step, as shown in Figure 4.
- each hearth 52' is itself stepped to include an upper hearth portion 52a, a middle hearth portion 52b below and extending forward from the upper portion and a lower hearth portion 52c below and extending forward from the middle portion.
- the upper hearth portion 52a includes a row of underfire air ports 74a embedded therein and the middle hearth portion 52b includes a row of underfire air ports 74b embedded therein. It is further conceivable to include a third row of underfire air ports (not shown) in the lower hearth portion 52c. Also, whether stepped or not, the thicker hearths 52' preferably include a thicker refractory layer 75 on their noses to reduce frequency of repair.
- the present invention also utilizes longer clean-out piston push rods 76 that preferably extend up to 18 inches into the fuel pile for better distribution of underfire air and better combustion efficiency.
- the piston push rods 76 are mechanically coupled to a respective ash transfer 70, and both are driven by a reciprocating means 77 in a conventional manner.
- the primary combustor 45 also includes a reciprocating loader ram 78 for pushing refuse dumped in the loader ram area 55 onto the first hearth 56.
- the bottom surface of the loader ram 78 includes a plurality of wear strips 80 extending longitudinally in the direction of travel of the loader ram.
- the wear strips 80 support the loader ram 78 and are guided along the top surface of the loader ram hopper 59, located external to the loader ram area 55, to prevent excessive wear. When the wear strips 80 become worn down, only the strips need replacing.
- Fixed to the floor of the hopper 59 is at least one steel guide strip 82.
- the guide strips 82 are positioned on the floor of the hopper
- the ash transfer rams are provided with longitudinal V-shaped tracks 83 which ride in correspondingly sized V-shaped wheels 84 situated rearwardly from the hearths 52.
- the ash transfer rams 70 may be provided with V-shaped wheels that ride on cooperating V-shaped tracks. In either case, the cooperating V-shape between the wheels 84 and the tracks 83 serve to eliminate side-to-side movement and improve air seals. It has also been found that increasing the diameter of the wheel axles 86 to two inches provides preferred results.
- the ash transfer rams 70 also preferably include sacrificial steel wear plates 90 disposed on their sides, which contact the side walls 84 of the primary combustor 45, as shown in Figure 4. Like the wear plates 80 of the loader ram 78 described above, to simplify maintenance and repair, when the ash transfer ram wear plates 90 wear down, only the plates need to be replaced, as opposed to the entire ash transfer ram 70.
- each ash transfer ram 70 further preferably includes a forward-sloping wiper blade 92 fixed on the bottom of its front face 73.
- the wiper blade 92 is protected by the poured refractory layer 72 disposed on the top and forward portions of the ash transfer ram 70.
- the wiper blade 92 is similar to and functions in the same manner as a snow plow to clear the refuse on the hearth 52 as the ash transfer ram moves forward.
- the wiper blade 92 also reduces ash drag-back on ash transfer ram retraction.
- each transfer ram 70 below each transfer ram 70 is at least one small ash collection conveyor 96, as shown in Figure 4, to collect any refuse spillage from the ram as the ram is retracted back under the hearth.
- the conveyor 96 carries the spillage away from the ash transfer ram machinery to reduce cleanup and maintenance cost.
- Combustion air is fed to the underfire air ports 74a and 74b via an air distribution plenum 98 extending transversely across and under the upper step of each hearth 52.
- each underfire air port 74a and 74b is in open communication at a perpendicular angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the port
- the upper 74a and lower 74b underfire air ports may be fed via a combined plenum 98, as shown in Figure 4, or via two independent plenums.
- the plenum 98 may simply be a bore intersecting transversely with the underfire air ports 74a and 74b.
- the plenum 98 takes the form of a hollow elongate member
- hollow pipe members 104 are preferably welded to the plenum 98 at each hole 102 to serve as guides for the clean-out piston push rods 76.
- Each hollow pipe member is wrapped with insulation.
- each air mixing plenum 98 preferably includes a pinch control valve 106 and a polishing baghouse 108 at each source and at each hearth.
- the pinch control valve 106 allows mixing and balancing of fresh cold air, fresh hot air, recirculated flue gas, pure oxygen, and/or small amounts of hydrogen for improved combustion efficiency.
- the polishing baghouse 108 similar to a vacuum cleaner filter, removes dust that can cause clogs to the underfire air system.
- the underfire air ports 74a and 74b preferably terminate at stainless steel underfire air nozzles 110. Additionally, stainless steel overfire air nozzles 112 and stainless steel primary rechculating flue gas injection slots 113 are preferably provided in the ceiling 54 of the primary combustion chamber 45, as shown in Figure 2. It has been found in these applications that the stainless steel nozzles provide for significantly longer life.
- the entire system 10 according to the present invention is preferably provided with instrumentation and controls to allow modulated control of individual ram insertion length and timing for optimizing burnout of fuel. Also, easily replaceable stainless steel oxygen sensor probes are preferably provided at each hearth for feedback control for improved combustion. Additionally, a variable speed drive on underfire air fan with feedback control on fan electrical current is preferably provided to optimize delivery of underfire air without slagging.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CA002565148A CA2565148A1 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Starved air inclined hearth combustor |
EP05748304A EP1751468A4 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Starved air inclined hearth combustor |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US57135704P | 2004-05-14 | 2004-05-14 | |
US60/571,357 | 2004-05-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005114051A2 true WO2005114051A2 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
WO2005114051A3 WO2005114051A3 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
Family
ID=35428976
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/016816 WO2005114051A2 (en) | 2004-05-14 | 2005-05-13 | Starved air inclined hearth combustor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US7146916B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1751468A4 (en) |
CN (1) | CN100580318C (en) |
CA (1) | CA2565148A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005114051A2 (en) |
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DE102007019530C5 (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2018-01-04 | Alite Gmbh | Method and device for cooling a bulk material layer lying on a conveyor grate |
US8707876B2 (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2014-04-29 | Daniel Richard Higgins | Stepped floor for solid fuel boilers |
SG183222A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2012-09-27 | Plascoenergy Ip Holdings S L Bilbao Schaffhausen Branch | A lateral transfer system |
DE102010055526A1 (en) * | 2010-12-22 | 2012-06-28 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Solid fuel boiler has primary combustion chamber and secondary combustion chamber that is provided with secondary combustion chamber base, where element is arranged for removing ash from secondary combustion chamber base |
FI124315B (en) * | 2011-01-18 | 2014-06-30 | Valmet Power Oy | Burning grate and burner |
US20120226089A1 (en) * | 2011-03-03 | 2012-09-06 | Covanta Energy Corporation | Dry ash collector |
CN104676627B (en) * | 2015-01-23 | 2017-01-11 | 浙江森炉节能环保科技有限公司 | Feedstock ash removal system of boiler |
US9768805B2 (en) * | 2015-05-29 | 2017-09-19 | National Instruments Corporation | LPDC encoding techniques using a matrix representation |
WO2019185736A1 (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | Explo Engineering Ag | Device and method for producing pressure waves of high amplitude |
IT201900019244A1 (en) * | 2019-10-18 | 2021-04-18 | Ergon 3T S R L | Apparatus for heating a fluid, in particular water, by combustion of solid organic biofuel, in particular pellets. |
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DE288597C (en) * | ||||
GB164914A (en) * | 1920-04-14 | 1921-06-23 | Joseph Martin | An improved method and apparatus for burning solid fuels |
DE415241C (en) * | 1924-08-08 | 1925-06-16 | Vesuvio Ag Fuer Den Bau Von Fe | Underwind stair grating with mutually movable steps |
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2005
- 2005-05-12 US US11/128,033 patent/US7146916B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-13 CN CN200580015313A patent/CN100580318C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-05-13 EP EP05748304A patent/EP1751468A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-05-13 CA CA002565148A patent/CA2565148A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-05-13 WO PCT/US2005/016816 patent/WO2005114051A2/en active Application Filing
-
2006
- 2006-10-05 US US11/543,382 patent/US7461604B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-05 US US11/543,446 patent/US7624690B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-05 US US11/543,381 patent/US7448331B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of EP1751468A4 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US7624690B2 (en) | 2009-12-01 |
CN100580318C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
US7146916B2 (en) | 2006-12-12 |
US20070028816A1 (en) | 2007-02-08 |
US20070022923A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1751468A4 (en) | 2009-02-25 |
US7448331B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
CN1989373A (en) | 2007-06-27 |
WO2005114051A3 (en) | 2006-06-08 |
US20050268828A1 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
US20070022922A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 |
EP1751468A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
US7461604B2 (en) | 2008-12-09 |
CA2565148A1 (en) | 2005-12-01 |
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