WO2005097025A1 - Diaper with improved body fit - Google Patents
Diaper with improved body fit Download PDFInfo
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- WO2005097025A1 WO2005097025A1 PCT/US2005/011079 US2005011079W WO2005097025A1 WO 2005097025 A1 WO2005097025 A1 WO 2005097025A1 US 2005011079 W US2005011079 W US 2005011079W WO 2005097025 A1 WO2005097025 A1 WO 2005097025A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- absorbent
- acquisition
- layer
- polymer material
- storage layer
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/5376—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterised by the performance of the layer, e.g. acquisition rate, distribution time, transfer time
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15617—Making absorbent pads from fibres or pulverulent material with or without treatment of the fibres
- A61F13/15658—Forming continuous, e.g. composite, fibrous webs, e.g. involving the application of pulverulent material on parts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15365—Dimensions
- A61F2013/15373—Calliper, i.e. thickness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15422—Density
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
- A61F2013/530708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials characterized by the absorbency properties
Definitions
- the present invention concerns an absorbent article, preferably a disposable absorbent article, such as a diaper.
- the present invention specifically relates to an absorbent core for such an absorbent article that provides the article with improved softness and conformity to a wearer's body.
- This absorbent core is also useful for providing an absorbent article of increased wearing comfort.
- BACKGROUND Absorbent articles such as diapers and adult incontinence products, are well known articles of commerce. Multiple attempts have been made to provide them with an overall ' good fit and with a high absorbent capacity.
- Modern diapers make use of absorbent polymer materials also known as superabsorbent polymers, which allow for storage of significant amounts of aqueous liquids (e.
- the art has also considered improvement to the absorbent polymer materials that are a component of modern diaper cores by improving the capacity and/or permeability thereof.
- the hydrogel forming absorbent polymer disclosed in US Pat No. 5,599,335 has a Performance Under Pressure capacity of at least about 23 g/g and a Saline Flow Conductivity of at least about 30 x 10 ⁇ 7 (cm 3 seconds)/g.
- US Pat. 6,710,225 describes superabsorbent materials with a Modified Absorbency Under Load value of not less than about 20 g/g and a Tau value (time to reach 60% of equilibrium absorption capacity) of not less than 0.8 min. Absorbent structures comprising differing superabsorbent materials are also discussed. European Pat. No.
- absorbent articles having improved thinness and softness that maintain the capability to acquire and store enough of the fluid deposited thereon so as to continue to provide desirable wearer skin dryness and satisfactory leakage performance.
- Caregivers and adult wearers of such absorbent articles desire improved discretion in order that a diaper is less visible under clothes or, in the case of an infant diaper, looks more like underwear.
- More conformable cores are desired in order to reduce the amount of material placed between a wearer's legs.
- the present invention is directed to an absorbent article, preferably a disposable absorbent article, such as a diaper.
- the diaper has a thin, conformable absorbent core where the core has at least two layers, both of which have a density greater than about 0.4 g/cm 3 .
- the first layer is intended to provide storage for the majority of acquired fluids and comprises a first absorbent polymer material with an Absorbency against Pressure (AAP) value of at least about 20 g/g.
- the second layer which provides temporary capacity for the acquired fluid and permanent storage for at least a portion thereof, comprises a second absorbent polymer material which has a ratio of Wet Permeability to SFC of at least 1.5:1 with respect to the first absorbent polymer material.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a diaper as a preferred embodiment of an absorbent article according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the diaper shown in FIG. 1 taken along the sectional line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an apparatus for production of one preferred embodiment of the cores of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a portion of an apparatus for measuring In Plane Radial Permeability.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an apparatus for measuring In Plane Radial Permeability.
- DETAILED DESCRIPTION The present invention is directed to an absorbent article, preferably a disposable absorbent article, such as an infant diaper or adult incontinence product.
- absorbent polymer material As used herein, the following terms have the following meanings:
- “Absorbent article” refers to devices that absorb and contain liquid, and more specifically, refers to devices that are placed against or in proximity to the body of the wearer to absorb and contain the various exudates discharged from the body.
- Absorbent articles include but are not limited to diapers, adult incontinence briefs, training pants, diaper holders and liners, sanitary napkins and the like.
- Diaper refers to an absorbent article generally worn by infants and incontinent persons about the lower torso.
- Disposable is used herein to describe articles that are generally not intended to be laundered or otherwise restored or reused (i.e., they are intended to be discarded after a single use and, preferably, to be recycled, composted or otherwise disposed of in an environmentally compatible manner).
- the terms “comprise,” “comprising,” and “comprises” specify the presence of what follows (e.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of an absorbent article according to the present invention diaper 20.
- the diaper is shown in its flat out, uncontracted state (i.e., without elastic induced contraction). Portions of the structure are cut away to more clearly show the underlying structure of the diaper 20.
- the portion of the diaper 20 that contacts a wearer is facing the viewer.
- the chassis 22 of the diaper 20 in FIG. 1 comprises the main body of the diaper 20 and does not include core 28 thereof.
- the chassis 22 comprises an outer covering including a liquid pervious topsheet 24 and/or a liquid impervious backsheet 26.
- the chassis preferably further includes side panels 30, elasticized leg cuffs 32, and elastic waist feature 34, the leg cuffs 32 and the elastic waist feature each typically comprise elastic members 33.
- One end portion of the diaper 20 is configured as a first waist region 36 of the diaper 20.
- the opposite end portion is configured as a second waist region 38 of the diaper 20.
- An intermediate portion of the diaper 20 is configured as a crotch region 37, which extends longitudinally between the first and second waist regions 36 and 38.
- the waist regions 36 and 38 may include elastic elements such that they gather about the waist of the wearer to provide improved fit and containment (e. g. elastic waist feature 34).
- the crotch region 37 is that portion of the diaper 20 which, when the diaper 20 is worn, is generally positioned between the wearer's legs.
- the diaper 20 is depicted with its longitudinal axis 10 and its transverse axis 12.
- the periphery of the diaper 20 is defined by the outer edges of the diaper 20 in which the longitudinal edges 44 run generally parallel to the longitudinal axis 10 of the diaper 20 and the end edges 46 run between the longitudinal edges 44 generally parallel to the transverse axis 12 of the diaper 20.
- the chassis also comprises a fastening system, which may include at least one fastening member 40 and at least one landing zone 42.
- the chassis 22 comprises the main structure of the diaper with other features added to form the composite diaper structure.
- diaper 20 may be assembled in a variety of well-known configurations, preferred diaper configurations are described generally in US Pat. 4,940,464, US Pat. 5,554,145; US Pat. 5,569,234; US Pat. 6,004,306, U.S. Pat. Application Serial No. 10/171,249 and in U.S. Pat. Application Serial No. 10/824,121
- the absorbent core 28 in FIG. 1 generally is disposed between the topsheet 24 and the backsheet 26.
- the absorbent core 28 may comprise any absorbent material that is generally compressible, conformable, non-irritating to the wearer's skin, and capable of absorbing and retaining liquids such as urine and other certain body exudates.
- Exemplary absorbent structures for use as the absorbent assemblies are described in US Pat.
- absorbent core 28 comprises at least two layers: acquisition system 50 which comprises at least acquisition/storage layer 54 that provides acquisition and temporary distribution and storage of acquired fluids and permanent storage of a portion thereof and storage layer 60 which provides the majority of the storage capacity of diaper 20.
- acquisition system 50 which comprises at least acquisition/storage layer 54 that provides acquisition and temporary distribution and storage of acquired fluids and permanent storage of a portion thereof
- storage layer 60 which provides the majority of the storage capacity of diaper 20.
- the backsheet 26 is preferably joined with the topsheet 24 at least about a portion of the periphery thereof. The backsheet 26 prevents exudates absorbed by the absorbent core 28 and contained within diaper 20 from soiling other external articles that may contact the diaper 20, such as bed sheets and clothing.
- the backsheet 26 is substantially impervious to liquids (e.g., urine) and comprises a laminate of a nonwoven and a thin plastic film such as a thermoplastic film having a thickness of about 0.012 mm to about 0.051 mm that has preferably been provided with micropores so as to be pervious to water vapor.
- Suitable backsheet films include those manufactured by Tredegar Industries Inc. of Terre Haute, IN and sold under the trade names X15306, X10962, and X10964.
- the diaper 20 may also include such other features (not shown) as are known in the art including front and rear ear panels, waist cap features, elastics and the like to provide better fit, containment and aesthetic characteristics.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section of FIG. 1 taken along the sectional line 2-2 of FIG. 1.
- the diaper comprises the topsheet 24, the components of the absorbent core 28, and the backsheet 26.
- Absorbent core 28 preferably comprises an acquisition system 50, which comprises an acquisition layer 52 underlying topsheet 24 and acquisition/storage layer 54 disposed between acquisition layer 52 and the remaining component of core 28, storage layer 60.
- core 28 is narrower in crotch region 37 than it is in either of waist regions 36, 38.
- the ratio of the width of core 28 at transverse axis 12 to the widest lateral width thereof in either of first waist region 36 or second waist region 38 is less than 1.0. More preferably the ratio is less than about 0.8, most preferably less than about 0.7.
- acquisition layer 52 comprises a non-woven.
- acquisition layer 52 may comprise a chemically stiffened, twisted and curled fibers, foams or other materials suitable for acquiring aqueous fluids as are known to the art.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 is substantially free of cellulosic fibers and comprises a highly permeable superabsorbent material.
- Acquisition system 50 is disposed between storage layer 60 and topsheet 24.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 is in direct contact with storage layer 60.
- storage layer 60 may be wrapped by a core wrap material so as to dispose a layer between storage layer 60 and acquisition/storage layer 54.
- the core wrap material comprises an upper wrap layer 56 and a lower wrap layer 58.
- the material comprising wrap layers 56, 58 preferably is a nonwoven material.
- One preferred material comprises a spunbonded, a melt-blown and a further spunbonded layer (i. e. an SMS material).
- the non- woven materials are suitably made using synthetic fibers, such as polyethylene, polyester and most preferably polypropylene. Highly preferred are permanently hydrophilic non-wovens, and in particular nonwovens with durably hydrophilic coatings. Such hydrophilicity may be provided by surfactant treatment of the nonwoven.
- An alternative material comprises an SMMS-structure or a cellulosic tissue structure.
- acquisition storage layer 54 may be provided with a wrap material so as to enclose the layer.
- wrap materials 56, 58 are also suitable for use as a wrap material in designs for core 28 where it is desired to wrap acquisition/storage layer 54.
- wrap materials 56, 58 enclose both acquisition/storage layer 54 and storage layer 60.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 and storage layer 60 are in direct facing contact.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 has the same dimensions as storage layer 60.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 is laterally centered on storage layer 60 with the same lateral width but a shorter longitudinal length than storage layer 60. Acquisition/storage layer 54 may also be narrower than storage layer 60 while remaining centered thereon. Said another way, acquisition/storage layer 54 suitably has an area ratio with respect to storage layer 60 of 1.0.
- the area ratio is less than 1.0 (e. g. less than about 0.75), more preferably less than about 0.50.
- the acquisition/storage layer 54 is longitudinally shorter than the storage layer 60, it is positioned such that more than 50% of its longitudinal length is forward of transverse axis 12. This positioning is desirable so as to place acquisition/storage layer under the point where urine is most likely to first contact diaper 20 (Sometimes called the "pee point"). Such positioning will facilitate acquisition of liquids absorbed by acquisition/storage layer 54.
- both acquisition/storage layer 54 and storage layer 60 may comprise an uneven distribution of absorbent polymer material basis weight in one or both of the machine and cross directions.
- Such uneven basis weight distribution may be advantageously applied in order to provide extra, predetermined, localized absorbent capacity to diaper 20.
- the basis weight of absorbent polymer material in one or both of acquisition storage layer 54 and storage layer 60 could be increased in the region of core 28 adjacent the "pee point".
- a particularly preferred storage layer 60 is described in aforementioned US Pat. Application Serial No. 10/776,839.
- the layer comprises an absorbent polymer material that is stabilized by a fibrous layer of thermoplastic adhesive to provide dry and wet immobilization of the absorbent polymer material. As can be seen, such a structure is substantially free of cellulosic fibers.
- a particularly preferred absorbent polymer material has an AAP of at least about 20 g/g and a Saline Flow Conductivity (SFC) that is greater than about 30 x 10 ⁇ 7 (cm 3 seconds)/g.
- AAP is greater than about 23 g/g, more preferably greater than about 25 g/g.
- AAP is measured according to the method described in the TEST METHODS section below and SFC is measured according to the method described in US Pat. 5,599,335.
- These absorbent polymer materials are used at a basis weight of at least about 200 g/m 2 , preferably at least about 400 g/m 2 , more preferably at least about 600 g/m 2 , to produce storage layer 60.
- the basis weight is also less than about 2000 g/m 2 .
- storage layer 60 is substantially free of cellulosic fibers, it has a higher density than components of an absorbent core used by the prior art for similar purposes.
- a storage layer 60 according to the present invention has a density greater than about 0.4 g/cm 3 .
- the density is greater than about 0.5 g/cm 3 , more preferably greater than about 0.6 g/cm 3 .
- Acquisition/storage layer 54 cooperates with the storage layer 60 to make more efficient use of the capacity thereof by providing temporary capillary storage of acquired fluids to allow time for fluid distribution into storage layer 60.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 comprises an absorbent polymer material, it provides at least a portion of the ultimate storage capacity of absorbent core 28.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 is intended to provide at least some temporary capillary storage and distribution of acquired fluid, it has a more open structure when wet than storage layer 60 (i. e. the wet porosity is greater).
- the art has typically used fibrous structures (e. g. blends of cellulose fluff and superabsorbent material or crosslinked cellulose fibers for this purpose). However, such fibrous structures have considerable dry bulk compared to the substantially cellulosic fiber free acquisition/storage layers 54 of the present invention.
- wet porosity is Wet Permeability.
- a suitable absorbent polymer material for use in the acquisition/storage layer 54 has an Wet Permeability that is higher than the SFC of the absorbent polymer material that is used in the storage layer 60.
- the Wet Permeability of the absorbent polymer material in the acquisition/storage layer 54 is at least about 1.5 times the SFC of the absorbent polymer material used in the storage layer 60, more preferably the Wet Permeability of the absorbent polymer material in the acquisition/storage layer 54 is at least about 3 times the SFC of the absorbent polymer material used in the storage layer 60, still more preferably 5 times.
- absorbent polymer materials are used at a basis weight of at least about 100 g/m 2 , preferably at least about 250 g/m 2 , more preferably at least about 400 g/m 2 , to produce acquisition/storage layer 54.
- an acquisition/storage layer 54 according to the present invention is substantially free of cellulosic fibers, it has a higher density than components of an absorbent core used by the prior art for similar purposes.
- an acquisition/storage layer 54 according to the present invention has a density greater than about 0.4 g/cm 3 .
- the density is greater than about 0.5 g/cm 3 , more preferably greater than about 0.6 g/cm 3 .
- an absorbent polymer material suitable for the acquisition/storage layer 54 also can swell rapidly on exposure to an aqueous fluid. Such rapid swelling, combined with the high Wet Permeability provides capillary volume for acquisition and temporary storage of such aqueous fluids.
- Such interstitial void volume is typically at least about 15 ml of absorbent polymer material, preferably at least about 25 ml, more preferably at least about 30 ml.
- an absorbent polymer material should have a free swell rate as measured according to the method described in the TEST METHODS section below of at least about 0.1 g/g/sec, preferably greater than about 0.2 g/g/sec, more preferably greater than about 0.3 g/g/sec.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 also provides "permanent" storage for at least a portion of fluid acquired by diaper 20.
- the absorbent polymer material therein has some capacity for such storage.
- the absorbent polymer material has a CRC of at least about 5 g/g, preferably greater than about 9 g/g, more preferably greater than about 11 g/g.
- the CRC of an absorbent polymer material suitable for use in the acquisition/storage layer 54 is less than about 20 g/g.
- a particularly preferred absorbent polymer material for use in the acquisition/storage layer 54 has a CRC of between about 9 g/g and about 18 g/g.
- this "permanent storage” is a fraction of the full capacity of core 28 because of the relatively low value for CRC.
- acquisition/storage layer 54 comprises less than about 25% of the overall capacity of core 28. In some designs acquisition/storage layer 54 comprises less than about 20% of the overall capacity or even less than about 15%.
- this capacity is important because the bulk of the fluid stored therein, after equilibration with storage layer 60, is stored via an osmotic process (i. e. such fluid is stored in the same manner as fluid is stored in the storage core 60) so this storage is truly "permanent". Said another way, the applied pressure required for such a layer to "give up" osmotically stored fluid is greater than pressures typically encountered during wear.
- acquisition storage layer 54 suitably comprises at least about 5%, preferably at least about 10%, of the capacity of core 28.
- Absorbent polymer materials suitable for use in an acquisition/storage layer 54 are further described in the aforementioned US Pat. Applications Serial No. entitled
- a low caliper and a soft material result in a flexible core that can more closely conform to a wearer's body throughout the full range of wearer motion. Such thin/soft diapers are also less visible under a wearer's clothing and can have a very underwear-like appearance.
- cores 28 according to the present invention have a desirable low caliper.
- the acquisition system 50 of the present invention comprises both an acquisition layer 52 and an acquisition/storage layer 54.
- dry core caliper is less than about 5 mm when measured at the center of acquisition layer 52.
- the caliper of core 28 is less than about 4.5 mm, more preferably less than about 4 mm when measured at the center of acquisition layer 52.
- the ratio of In Plane Radial Permeability in crotch region 40 to In Plane Radial Permeability in second waist region 38 is at least about 1.5 : 1.0, preferably the ratio is greater than about 2.5 : 1.0, more preferably greater than about 3.0 : 1.0.
- a method for measurement of In Plane Radial Permeability is given in the TEST METHODS section below. It should be noted that, when many of the absorbent structures of the art discuss caliper, the caliper of the absorbent structure is discussed in terms of only a single layer, rather than the assembled layers necessary to form a complete core 28 for a diaper 20. Thus it is believed the low caliper of a core 28 of the present invention is particularly advantageous.
- the low caliper of core 28 provides diaper 20 with a desirable low caliper. That is, the thickness of all diaper components between the body surface of the topsheet and the garment surface of the backsheet is meaningfully less than the thickness of prior art diapers.
- a diaper 20 that comprises a core 28 according to the present invention has a caliper (measured at the center of acquisition layer 52) that is less than about 5 mm.
- the caliper of diaper 20 is less than about 4 mm.
- Core 28 according to the present invention is also desirably soft.
- a core 28 of the present invention maintains the acquisition rate and absorbent capacity of cores according to the prior art while simultaneously providing substantially reduced dry caliper and improved softness.
- Acquisition rate is important because, the longer aqueous fluids, such as urine, remain on the body surface of topsheet 24, the higher the risk of leakage that is not controlled by chassis components such as cuffs 32.
- urine in direct contact with the skin increases the risk of skin health issues, such as diaper rash.
- the ability to rapidly acquire aqueous fluids when core 28 is partially saturated is particularly important because the fluid handling capability of core 28 is being stressed by previously acquired aqueous fluids so such fluids are more likely to remain on the body surface of topsheet 24.
- a core 28 according the present invention can still rapidly acquire a meaningfully large gush of fluid while partially saturated from previously acquired gushes as described in the Acquisition Rate method below.
- the fourth gush acquisition rate for a size 4 diaper using the absorbent member described herein is less than about 160 seconds for a 75 ml gush when measured using the method described in the TEST METHODS section below.
- the acquisition rate is less than about 150 seconds, more preferably less than about 130 seconds.
- such acquisition rates are comparable to the thicker absorbent cores of the prior art.
- the required absorbent capacity for an absorbent article is basically defined by the intended use thereof.
- an absorbent article intended for adult incontinence uses will have a larger design capacity than and absorbent article intended for an infant.
- an absorbent core 28 according to the present invention does not give up the capacity to store an appropriate quantity of aqueous fluid in order to provide a reduction in core caliper.
- capacity is as normalized capacity, that is capacity per unit area. This approach takes into account that absorbent articles designed for larger wearers will have both a larger design capacity and a larger core area to absorb fluids deposited thereon.
- a core 28 according to the present invention will have a normalized capacity in the portion thereof that comprises acquisition storage layer 54 of greater than about 0.5 g/cm 2 .
- the normalized capacity in the portion thereof that comprises acquisition storage layer 54 is greater than about 1.5 g/cm 2 , more preferably greater than about 3.0 g/cm 2 . In those portions of core 28 that do not comprise acquisition/storage layer 54 the normalized capacity is lower.
- the normalized capacity in such areas is less than about 0.9 g/cm 2 , preferably less than about 0.5 g/cm 2 , more preferably less than about 0.2 g/cm 2 .
- such capacities may be higher, for example greater than about 0.9 g/cm 2 , even greater than about 1.5 g/cm 2 .
- the respective areas of a core 28 with and without acquisition layer 54 can be determined using means known to the art (e. g. image analysis) and those areas multiplied by the normalized capacity for the area to determine the total capacity of a core 28 having a particular size.
- Storage layer 60 can suitably be produced using the method described in the aforementioned US Pat Application Serial No. 10/776,839.
- Acquisition storage layer 54 can be produced using a method that is substantially the same as that used to produce storage layer 60. The main difference is that, rather than being provided with an uneven surface so as to provide areas of junction where an adhesive directly contacts a substrate layer as described in US Pat.
- Application Serial No. 10/776,839 a laydown drum is provides with a series of "pockets" having a shape and volume substantially defined by the desired shape and volume of acquisition/storage layer 54. As will be recognized, the shape and volume of these pockets may be used to provide a predefined absorbent polymer material profile to one or both of acquisition/storage layer 54 and storage layer 60.
- This laydown drum is provided with vacuum means as described in the aforementioned US Pat.
- a storage layer precursor 160 can be produced by depositing first absorbent polymer material (not shown) that is contained in hopper 105 onto substrate 100. As described in US Pat. Application Serial no.
- first substrate 100 is caused to conform to depressions (not shown) in first laydown drum 110 by a vacuum in first vacuum portion 115 so as to enable filling the depressions with the first absorbent polymer material as the depression passes under first hopper 105.
- first absorbent polymer material is stabilized with a thermoplastic polymer applied at first spray station 120 so as to form storage layer precursor 160.
- Acquisition storage layer precursor 154 can be produced in essentially the same manner.
- Second substrate 130 is caused to conform to a depression in second laydown drum 140 prior to filling with a second absorbent polymer (not shown) delivered from second hopper 135.
- the second absorbent polymer material in the filled depressions is stabilized by thermoplastic polymer delivered from second spray station 150.
- the substrate webs carrying storage layer precursor 160 and acquisition/storage layer precursor 154 are phased for proper alignment using methods known to the art and combined at nip 180.
- the rolls comprising nip 180 can be provided with pockets to receive precursors 160, 154 to enable the first and second substrates 100, 130 to be sealed about the periphery of storage layer precursor 160 effectively enclosing core precursor 128 in a wrap material. If necessary, one or both of the rolls comprising nip 180 could be heated to soften the thermoplastic material to facilitate the enclosure step.
- nip 180 essentially the same as nip 180 and a web of a suitable nonwoven material (not shown) could be provided between the spray stations 120, 150 and nip 180 if it was desired to enclose either or both of precursors 160, 154.
- TEST METHODS Absorbency against Pressure (AAP) Absorbency against Pressure is suitably measured according to the method described in US Pat. 6,232,520 with the following exceptions:
- a saline solution (0.9%) is used instead of the test fluid described in US Pat. 6,232,520.
- the saline solution may be prepared according to the description provided below for the Free Swell Rate test.
- a confining pressure of 0.7 psi (4.8 kPa) is used.
- Basis Weight European Disposables and Nonwovens Association (ED ANA) standard method for Mass per Unit Area (40.3-90) is suitable
- Caliper European Disposables and Nonwovens Association (ED ANA) standard method for Thickness (No 30.5-99) is suitable.
- a suitable apparatus is described in paragraph 4.1.
- the specified pressure is 2.1 kPa.
- ED ANA Centrifuge Retention Capacity European Disposables and Nonwovens Association
- ED ANA Centrifuge Retention Capacity European Disposables and Nonwovens Association
- Density Density is defined as Basis Weight divided by Caliper.
- Fluid Acquisition The fluid acquisition test provides a measure of the ability of an absorbent structure to rapidly acquire aqueous fluids under simulated use conditions. The sample is loaded with a 75 ml/gush of 0.9% saline solution at a rate of 15ml s "1 using a pump (The Model 7520-00 available from Cole Partner Instruments Co. of Chicago, IL is suitable). The time to absorb saline solution is recorded by a timer. The gush is repeated at 5 minute gush intervals for 4 gushes.
- the test sample which comprises a core and includes a topsheet and a backsheet, is arranged to lie flat on a foam platform within a polymethyl methacrylate (e. g. PERSPEX) box (see the detail assembly of the test apparatus in US Pat. 6,083,210).
- PERSPEX polymethyl methacrylate
- the method as described herein is suitable for absorbent structures with an ultimate storage capacity of about 300 ml to about 400 ml (size 3). If products with significantly different capacities are evaluated (such as can be envisaged for adult incontinence products or diapers for premature infants), the settings in particular the fluid volume per gush should be adjusted appropriately to about 20% of the total article design capacity and the weight for the confining pressure should be adjusted to be representative of the confining pressure of a wearer.
- a PERSPEX plate with a 5 cm diameter opening substantially in its middle is placed on top of the sample.
- the sample is oriented such that the topsheet is directly below the opening of the PERSPEX plate.
- the opening in the plate i. e. the loading point for the saline solution
- Saline solution is introduced to the sample through the cylinder fitted and glued into the opening.
- Electrodes are about 1 mm to 2 mm above the surface of the absorbent structure and also connected to the timer. Loads are placed on top of the plate to simulate, for example a baby's weight.
- Acquisition rate is defined as the time in seconds required to absorb the gush volume that is delivered. The acquisition rate is calculated for each gush introduced into the sample.
- Free Swell Rate fFSR This method is suitable for measurement of the swelling rate of an absorbent polymer material in a 0.9% saline solution. The amount of time taken to absorb a predefined quantity of fluid without stirring or providing a confining pressure is recorded and reported in grams of fluid (0.9% saline) absorbed per gram of polymer particles per second, e.g. g/g/sec). The saline solution is prepared by adding 9.0 gram of NaCl into 1000 ml distilled, deionized water and stirring until all NaCl is dissolved.
- the sample amount (Determined according to the equation below) is weighed (to an accuracy of ⁇ 0.0001 g) and spread evenly over the bottom of a tared 25 ml beaker.
- the filled beaker is weighed to an accuracy of ⁇ 0.01 g to dete ⁇ nine the weight of saline solution added (w ⁇ q ) by subtracting the tare weight of the beaker and Wd r y from the weight of the filled beaker.
- the time t s is recorded. The test is repeated twice more, to obtain 3 values.
- the Free Swell Rate is then calculated for each replicate and averaged to obtain the Free Swell Rate in g/g/sec.
- FSR Wl iq / (Wdry X t s ) In Plane Radial Permeability (IPRP)
- IPRP In Plane Radial Permeability
- the total weight of plunger and the stainless steel weight should be 788 g ( ⁇ 8 g) to provide 2.1 kPa confining pressured during the measurement. 2.
- Sample Preparation Remove the topsheet and any fiber (nonwoven or cellulose) based acquisition layer from the complete diaper retaining all absorbent polymer material containing layers.
- the backsheet can be retained to avoid further disintegration of the total absorbent member.
- Measurement 1 Disassemble the pre set plunger from bottom plate. 2. Carefully insert the bottom plate 410 in the stand support 550. Place the sample onto the bottom plate 410 using the central cylindrical mesh 530 as a positioning reference. Position and center the plunger 405 and stainless steel weight 415 on the sample. Plunger 405 should not touch any side structure and move without resistance in the vertical direction. Measure and record the dry sample caliper value using the gauge 412 display to an accuracy of 0.01mm. 3. Position the glass straw 505, connected at the end of the tube 510 coming from the reservoir 515, in the center of the plunger 405 inlet tube making sure that the tip is below the 10 cm level. Use two clamps 517 to fix the straw in a way that it is not in touch with the inlet tube during the whole test. 4.
- the data collected should be in the form of grams of saline as a function of time recorded at 10 seconds interval.
- the data from 20 seconds to the end of the experiment should be used in the following calculations (the data collected prior to 20 seconds should not to be included in the calculation).
- Table 1 below contains an example of the calculations required for this method.
- Column 1 and Column 2 contain the time and fluid weight respectively, as collected by the data system.
- Column 3 contains the values of Fs ⁇ calculated at each time period after 20 seconds using Equation 1 :
- Q 1 is the flow rate (g/s) obtained by extrapolating the slope and midpoint determined from regression analysis of the flow rate data from 20 seconds to 300 seconds.
- Pi is the liquid density; 1.01 g/cm 3 .
- ⁇ is the liquid viscosity at 20 °C; 10 "3 Pascal seconds.
- Ro is the outer sample radius (mm).
- Ri is the inner sample radius (mm).
- the IPRP value is expressed in 10 " cm sec/g.
- This method is intended to determine the normalized core capacity in a predefined area of a fluid handling member. It is suitable for individual layers of such a fluid handling member or the entire member that comprises an assembly of such layers.
- a confining pressure of 0.3 psi (2.1 kPa) is applied during the pre-swelling and throughout the measurement.
- the assembly used in the Wet Permeability test described below is suitable for holding the sample while the test is being conducted.
- the capacity is defined as the saturated weight of the fluid handling member minus the dry weight of the fluid handling member under 0.3psi confining pressure. (w 3 - w 2 ) and is reported in grams.
- the absorbent core of the present invention provides comparable fluid handling properties while being substantially thinner.
- Example 2 This example is intended to compare the dry caliper of a diaper according to the present invention with commercially available diapers and a diaper made according to US Pat. Application Serial No. 10/776,851. This comparison is shown in Table 2.
- Table 3 Product Dry Caliper (mm) Pampers Active Fit (size 4) 7.1 Huggies ® Super-Flex (size 4) 2 7.2 Huggies ® Pull-Ups ® Girl ®3 3.2 Huggies Pull-Ups Boy . ⁇ 3 4.0 Product According to US Patent Application Serial No. 5.9 10/776,851 3 3 >9 Present Invention 4
- Acquisition/storage layer comprising polyacrylic acid as is available from of Nippon Shokubai KK of Himeji, Japan as QXL 1031
- Example 3 This example compares the perceived thinness and softness of a diaper according to the present invention with a commercially available diaper. A group of babies weighing between 8 kg and 15 kg are identified. The caregivers for each of the babies are given 10 diapers each of:
- the caregivers are instructed to use the test diapers instead of their usual product and to note how the diapers perform. Halo of the caregivers are instructed to use the commercially available diaper first and half are instructed to use the diaper according to the present invention first. After all of the diapers are used, each caregiver is asked to describe how what they noticed about the product they used. The caregivers reported:
- Handling of bowel movements is seen as comparable for the commercially available diaper and for the diaper having a core according to the present invention.
- the diaper having the core according to the present invention is seen as thinner than the commercially available diaper both when dry and when wet.
- the diaper having a core according to the present invention is seen as having a better fit than the commercially available diaper.
- the diaper having a core according to the present invention is seen as being softer than the commercially available diaper.
- Acquisition/storage layer consists of curly cellulosic fiber having a 250 g/m 2 basis weight
- Example 5 This example is intended to compare the In Plane Radial Permeability of a single layer of an absorbent polymer material as described in US Pat. 5,599,335 as is suitable for a storage layer according to the present invention with a dual layer structure where a layer comprising a high wet porosity absorbent polymer material according to the present invention is disposed on top of the layer comprising the absorbent polymer material as described in US Pat. 5,599,335.
- IPRP In Plane Radial permeability
- Dual layer structure according to the present invention comprising an absorbent polymer material according to US Pat. 5,599,335 and a layer comprising a high wet porosity absorbent polymer material according to the present invention
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT05734201T ATE444051T1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | DIAPER WITH IMPROVED BODY FIT |
JP2007506309A JP4790702B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Diapers with improved body fit |
EP05734201A EP1729707B1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Diaper with improved body fit |
DE602005016905T DE602005016905D1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | WINDEL WITH IMPROVED BODY FIT |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004105118A JP2005288265A (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2004-03-31 | Aqueous liquid absorbent and its manufacturing method |
JP2004-105118 | 2004-03-31 | ||
US61292604P | 2004-09-24 | 2004-09-24 | |
US60/612,926 | 2004-09-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2005097025A1 true WO2005097025A1 (en) | 2005-10-20 |
WO2005097025B1 WO2005097025B1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
Family
ID=34965374
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/011079 WO2005097025A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-03-31 | Diaper with improved body fit |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1729707B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4790702B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE444051T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005016905D1 (en) |
MX (1) | MXPA06011058A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005097025A1 (en) |
Cited By (10)
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---|---|---|---|---|
WO2007014233A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2007014235A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2007014234A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2011026876A1 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Basf Se | Water-absorbent polymer particles |
WO2011117187A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
WO2012001117A1 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
WO2012025445A1 (en) | 2010-08-23 | 2012-03-01 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
WO2012038425A1 (en) | 2010-09-21 | 2012-03-29 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
WO2015028158A1 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-05 | Basf Se | Fluid-absorbent article |
WO2016207444A1 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | Bostik Inc. | New absorbent article comprising an acquisition/distribution layer and process for making it |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2009142728A (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-07-02 | Procter & Gamble Co | Water absorbing agent and its manufacturing method |
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2005
- 2005-03-31 DE DE602005016905T patent/DE602005016905D1/en active Active
- 2005-03-31 AT AT05734201T patent/ATE444051T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-03-31 JP JP2007506309A patent/JP4790702B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-31 EP EP05734201A patent/EP1729707B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-03-31 WO PCT/US2005/011079 patent/WO2005097025A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2006
- 2006-09-26 MX MXPA06011058 patent/MXPA06011058A/en active IP Right Grant
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WO2007014233A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2007014235A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2007014234A1 (en) * | 2005-07-26 | 2007-02-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
US7837662B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2010-11-23 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
US7851669B2 (en) | 2005-07-26 | 2010-12-14 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Flexible absorbent article with improved body fit |
WO2011026876A1 (en) | 2009-09-04 | 2011-03-10 | Basf Se | Water-absorbent polymer particles |
WO2011117187A1 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-29 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
US8569569B2 (en) | 2010-03-24 | 2013-10-29 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
WO2012001117A1 (en) | 2010-07-02 | 2012-01-05 | Basf Se | Ultrathin fluid-absorbent cores |
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WO2015028158A1 (en) | 2013-08-26 | 2015-03-05 | Basf Se | Fluid-absorbent article |
WO2016207444A1 (en) | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-29 | Bostik Inc. | New absorbent article comprising an acquisition/distribution layer and process for making it |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1729707B1 (en) | 2009-09-30 |
JP4790702B2 (en) | 2011-10-12 |
MXPA06011058A (en) | 2006-11-16 |
JP2007531576A (en) | 2007-11-08 |
WO2005097025B1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
DE602005016905D1 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
ATE444051T1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
EP1729707A1 (en) | 2006-12-13 |
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