WO2005083477A1 - Retroreflector covered by window - Google Patents
Retroreflector covered by window Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005083477A1 WO2005083477A1 PCT/US2005/005058 US2005005058W WO2005083477A1 WO 2005083477 A1 WO2005083477 A1 WO 2005083477A1 US 2005005058 W US2005005058 W US 2005005058W WO 2005083477 A1 WO2005083477 A1 WO 2005083477A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- retroreflector
- window
- adjustment factor
- laser light
- reflection point
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013618 particulate matter Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/74—Systems using reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. IFF, i.e. identification of friend or foe
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
- G01S7/497—Means for monitoring or calibrating
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0025—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
- G02B5/122—Reflex reflectors cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to retroreflector targets which may be used in coordinate metrology for example.
- a popular type of retroreflector target comprises a cube-comer retroreflector embedded in a metal sphere, with the apex of the cube comer placed at the center of the sphere.
- This type of retroreflector target is commonly called a spherically mounted retroreflector (SMR).
- SMR spherically mounted retroreflector
- Cube- comer retroreflectors are formed of three mutually perpendicular faces. These faces may be constructed of three perpendicular mirrors (an open cube comer) or of three perpendicular surfaces of a glass prism (a solid cube corner).
- An embodiment may comprise a method for adjusting a laser retroreflector to compensate for passing laser light through a window of the retroreflector comprising: determining an adjustment factor to compensate for propagation errors due to passing laser light through the window of the retroreflector; and adjusting a location of a reflection point of the retroreflector to minimize the propagation errors based on the adjustment factor.
- An embodiment may comprise a laser retroflector apparatus comprising: a window for passing laser light to the retroreflector; a reflection point located on the retroreflector for reflecting the laser light after the laser light has passed through the window wherein the reflection point is located at a selected location to minimize propagation errors of the laser light due to the laser light passing through the window.
- An embodiment may comprise a system for adjusting a laser retroreflector to compensate for passing laser light through a window of the retroreflector comprising means for determining an adjustment factor to compensate for propagation errors due to passing laser light through the window of the retroreflector; and means for adjusting a location of a reflection point of the retroreflector to minimize the propagation errors based on the adjustment factor.
- An embodiment may comprise a one or more computer-readable media having computer-readable instructions thereon which, when executed by a computer, cause the computer to determine an adjustment factor to compensate for propagation errors due to passing laser light through a window of a retroreflector; and determine a location of a reflection point of the retroreflector to minimize the propagation errors based on the adjustment factor.
- FIG. 1(b) is a perspective view of an embodiment of a retroreflector.
- FIG. 1(c) is a cut away view of the retroreflector of FIG. 1(b).
- FIG. 2(a) is diagram of a retroreflector.
- FIG. 2(b) is a diagram of a retroreflector having a window.
- FIG. 3 is graph of radial error verses angle Ai.
- FIG. 4 is graph of transverse error verses angle Ai.
- FIG. 5 is graph of radial error verses angle Ai.
- FIG. 6 is graph of transverse error verses angle Ai.
- Figure 1(a) shows a perspective view of the traditional SMR 10. It comprises the open cube-comer retroreflector 11, sphere 12, and lip 13. The point where the three perpendicular mirror surfaces intersect is referred to as the apex 33 of the cube-comer. In the traditional SMR 10, the apex 33 is placed as nearly as possible at the center of the sphere 12. The lip 13 provides protection for the cube-comer retroreflector 11. It also provides a convenient handhold for the operator.
- the incoming laser beam 40 enters the open cube-comer retroreflector 11 at an angle with respect to the axis of symmetry 41. It strikes the apex 33 of the cube comer, reflects off the three perpendicular mirrors of the cube corner, and retraces the beam path back out of the retroreflector.
- Figure 2(b) shows the schematic representation of the open cube-corner retroreflector 11 and the window 31 that are a part of the protected SMR 20. The thickness T of the window is exaggerated in the figure to show the bending of the light within the glass more clearly.
- Laser beam 40 enters the window 31 at an angle A ⁇ with respect to the axis of symmetry 41.
- the laser beam 40 When the laser beam 40 enters the window 31, it bends inward toward the normal of the window surface. When it has passed through the window and reaches the air, it bends outward away from the normal, back to the original angle A ⁇ .
- the path 42 that the laser light would have taken if the window were not present is indicated as a dashed line.
- the path 40 of the laser beam with the window does not coincide with the path 42 of the laser beam without the window.
- intersection 43 of the axis of symmetry 41 with the path 42 is marked with an
- the optical path length from apex 33 to point F is nT+ H + L, which is the final term in equation 1.
- the round trip optical path length is twice this amount, which accounts for the factor of 2 at the front of equation 1.
- the optical path length from apex 33 to point G is nT I cos(-4 2 ) + HI cos(-4 ⁇ ). These terms are also found in equation 1. If the window 31 caused no error in the radial measurement, the optical path length from point 33 to G would be the same as from point 33 to F, and the radial error ⁇ R in equation 1 would be zero.
- the distance L and the corresponding error ⁇ R in equation 1 can be made to vary.
- the first term in equation (3) represents the bending of the laser beam 40 by the glass window 31 away from the axis of symmetry 41.
- the second term represents travel toward the axis of symmetry 41 as a result of the laser beam traveling past point 43 and on to point 33.
- the second term in equation (3) tends to cancel the first tenn.
- a particular value of d minimizes radial error and a different value minimizes transverse error.
- the optimum depth d also changes with the angle A ⁇ .
- the clear aperture of the window holder 32 determines the range of possible angles A ⁇ . In this example, assume that A ⁇ can vary from 0 and 25 degrees (i.e., a full angle of 50 degrees).
- T 1 mm
- n 1.51509
- k 1.0908
- d d
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
- Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
- Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)
- Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
- Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
- Window Of Vehicle (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN2005800059945A CN1922511B (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Retroreflector covered by window |
DE602005027180T DE602005027180D1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | THROUGH A WINDOW COVERED RETROREFLECTOR |
JP2007500885A JP4842249B2 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Windowed retroreflector |
EP05713728A EP1719001B1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Retroreflector covered by window |
AT05713728T ATE504018T1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | RETROREFLECTOR COVERED BY A WINDOW |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US54731104P | 2004-02-24 | 2004-02-24 | |
US60/547,311 | 2004-02-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005083477A1 true WO2005083477A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
Family
ID=34910883
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/US2005/005058 WO2005083477A1 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-02-17 | Retroreflector covered by window |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7388654B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1719001B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4842249B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN1922511B (en) |
AT (1) | ATE504018T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005027180D1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2005083477A1 (en) |
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US5327216A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-07-05 | Shell Oil Company | Apparatus for remote seismic sensing of array signals using side-by-side retroreflectors |
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-
2005
- 2005-02-17 EP EP05713728A patent/EP1719001B1/en active Active
- 2005-02-17 US US11/060,244 patent/US7388654B2/en active Active
- 2005-02-17 WO PCT/US2005/005058 patent/WO2005083477A1/en active Application Filing
- 2005-02-17 DE DE602005027180T patent/DE602005027180D1/en active Active
- 2005-02-17 AT AT05713728T patent/ATE504018T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2005-02-17 CN CN2005800059945A patent/CN1922511B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-02-17 JP JP2007500885A patent/JP4842249B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US5355241A (en) * | 1991-12-09 | 1994-10-11 | Kelley Clifford W | Identification friend or foe discriminator |
US5327216A (en) * | 1992-09-18 | 1994-07-05 | Shell Oil Company | Apparatus for remote seismic sensing of array signals using side-by-side retroreflectors |
US20030020895A1 (en) * | 2001-04-10 | 2003-01-30 | Bridges Robert E. | Chopper-stabilized absolute distance meter |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2007523357A (en) | 2007-08-16 |
US7388654B2 (en) | 2008-06-17 |
EP1719001B1 (en) | 2011-03-30 |
ATE504018T1 (en) | 2011-04-15 |
CN1922511A (en) | 2007-02-28 |
US20050185182A1 (en) | 2005-08-25 |
JP4842249B2 (en) | 2011-12-21 |
DE602005027180D1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
CN1922511B (en) | 2010-09-22 |
EP1719001A1 (en) | 2006-11-08 |
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