WO2005071041A1 - 土壌固化剤 - Google Patents
土壌固化剤 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2005071041A1 WO2005071041A1 PCT/JP2005/001432 JP2005001432W WO2005071041A1 WO 2005071041 A1 WO2005071041 A1 WO 2005071041A1 JP 2005001432 W JP2005001432 W JP 2005001432W WO 2005071041 A1 WO2005071041 A1 WO 2005071041A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- magnesium
- weight
- parts
- sulfuric acid
- cement
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/30—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing magnesium cements or similar cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F5/00—Compounds of magnesium
- C01F5/40—Magnesium sulfates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
- C09K17/42—Inorganic compounds mixed with organic active ingredients, e.g. accelerators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00732—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for soil stabilisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soil hardening agent having a pH of 6.5 to 8.5 specified in an environmental standard range.
- a soil hardening agent having a pH of 6.5 to 8.5 specified in an environmental standard range.
- a weakly basic region of pH 8.0 to 8.5 is also included. Say neutral. Background art
- a typical example of unburned cement is gypsum, which is widely used in building and industrial materials due to its neutral and hardening properties.
- the cements that harden in neutrality are gypsum, anhydrite cement, and silica sol cement
- the cements that harden in the acidic region are zinc oxide 'zinc chloride cement, magnesium phosphate cement, calcium phosphate cement, Iron powder 'Magnesium chloride cement, dental cement.Cement that hardens in the alkaline range is self-hardening lime, magnesia cement, magnesium oxide / magnesium sulfate cement, calcium aluminate / calcium fluoride cement, water granulation Slag 'gypsum cement, acrylate' divalent to trivalent alkali metal cement, acid-resistant cement.
- the water resistance of all cements is inferior to that of dental cements, and many of them have poor physical properties compared to portland cements and are expensive, so many cements are not suitable for practical use.
- Oxycyclolide cement is one of the hardened products classified as unfired cement, magnesium sulfate is used as a water-proofing agent, and cement made of magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate solution is JP-A10-31. No. 6967, a mixture of magnesium sulfate and magnesium oxide is used as a fast-acting magnesia fertilizer, but all of them are poorly evaluated as cement in terms of water resistance and strength. There is little domestic demand. Disclosure of the invention
- magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate were mixed and heated at 105 ° C or more, neutral amorphous magnesium oxysulfate was formed, and sulfuric acid was directly converted into magnesium oxide. They discovered that they can be obtained even by reacting them, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention comprises neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate prepared by adding 1 mol of concentrated sulfuric acid to 3 to 5 mol of magnesium oxide with stirring and reacting at a reaction temperature of 105 ° C. or higher. It is a soil hardening agent.
- the present invention also provides a method of solidifying a soil containing neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate prepared by adding 1 mol of magnesium sulfate to 3 to 5 mol of magnesium oxide and reacting under heating at 105 ° C or more. Agent.
- the present invention further provides 100 parts by weight of the above neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate, 2 to 15 parts by weight of gypsum, and 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of a ketocarboxylic acid or an oxycarboxylic acid as a setting retarder.
- a soil hardening agent composition obtained by adding
- the present invention relates to the use of the above-mentioned neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate as a soil solidifying agent or the method of solidifying soil using the above-mentioned neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate. It also provides the law.
- the present invention provides a new neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate and a neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate, which are neutralized and solidified in place of gypsum, as a main raw material, and as a means for obtaining an appropriate setting time.
- It is a soil hardening agent composition that has obtained an appropriate pot life by adding gypsum and a setting retarder, ketocarbonic acid or oxycarboxylic acid.
- the hydraulic composition obtained in this way is different from gypsum in terms of water resistance. High strength, high heat resistance, early strength similar to alumina cement, low cost, good soil solidification properties and chelating ability to contribute to stabilization of heavy metals, new environmentally friendly solidification Agent.
- the reaction equivalent of magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid is such that magnesium sulfate has a molar: If the reaction product is neutral to 4 mol of magnesium oxide per 1 mol of sulfuric acid, and 5 mol of magnesium oxide to 1 mol of sulfuric acid, the weak alkaline property of pH 8.5 (however, as described above, In the specification of the present application, PH up to 8.5 is called neutral). On the other hand, 1 mole of sulfuric acid and 1 to 2 moles of magnesium oxide are water-soluble, and anhydrous magnesium sulfate does not have the property of hardening. It has been found that a hardened product must be at least 3 moles of magnesium oxide because it hardens while having a low property. This discovery has made it possible to produce a solidifying agent that has a liquidity within the range of pH 6.5 to 8.5 specified in the environmental standard range, which was difficult with conventional technology.
- magnesium oxide is basically used as a raw material.
- Magnesium sources used as raw materials are serpentine, peridotite, dunite, hard rock, forsterite, talc, and magnesium hydroxide, which are inexpensive as resources. Any of minerals, hydroxides and oxides containing 15% or more of magnesium, such as basic magnesium carbonate and magnesium oxide, can be used, and two or more kinds can be used in combination.
- reaction conditions a reaction temperature of 105 ° C or more is required to directly obtain the anhydride, and there are cases where the synthesis can be carried out by heating with the raw materials or by the heat of reaction of sulfuric acid, and the case where the reaction product containing water is used.
- a method of obtaining an anhydride by heating to 5 ° C or more can be performed.
- the synthesis conditions vary depending on the raw materials. If the raw materials have water of crystallization or use dilute sulfuric acid, it is necessary to heat and dry or to use the heat generated during the reaction to drive off the water as water vapor from the reaction system. There is.
- magnesium sulfate when used as the sulfuric acid source, it is necessary to use magnesium hydroxide, basic magnesium carbonate, and magnesium oxide as raw materials, and it is necessary to heat it without generating heat.However, when using sulfuric acid together, This is not the case.
- This reaction method it is necessary to adjust a desired molar ratio by adding magnesium sulfate to a predetermined amount of a compound having a different molar ratio in advance, and then adding sulfuric acid.
- the simplest method for synthesizing anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate is to directly react sulfuric acid with magnesium oxide, preferably 4 to 5 mol of magnesium oxyacid per mol of sulfuric acid, and neutral anhydrous magnesium. Oxysulfate is obtained.
- the reaction condition is 105 X or more, and the sulfuric acid concentration is not involved.
- magnesium-containing minerals such as serpentine, peridotite, dunite, hard rock, forsterite, and talc
- peridotite peridotite
- dunite a ripening time in order to complete the reaction if necessary.
- This is a method of further reacting with magnesium oxide using the obtained magnesium sulfate.
- Magnesium oxide in this method is obtained by firing serpentine, peridotite, dunite, hard rock, holsterite, and talc at 900 ° C or more, or firing magnesium hydroxide or basic magnesium carbonate.
- the reaction may be carried out by mixing a product such as magnesium oxide.
- the other method involves firing calcined serpentine, peridotite, dunite, hard rock, holsterite, and evening glow at 900 ° C or higher, adding a predetermined amount of sulfuric acid to this, and reacting the resulting magnesium sulfate. This is a method of reacting unreacted magnesium oxide.
- a mixture of anhydrous magnesium oxysulfite and magnesium phosphate useful for stabilizing heavy metals can be used as an active ingredient of a soil solidifying agent.
- anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate / magnesium phosphate mixture In this case, a mixed acid of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid (sulfuric acid 70%: phosphoric acid about 30%) is used, and anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate-magnesium phosphate is obtained by a method similar to the synthesis of anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate. Simultaneous synthesis, a method using phosphate rock and sulfuric acid, and a method in which acidic phosphate, pyrophosphate, baking phosphorus, Dublin, and phosphorus are added as a mixture are exemplified. These can be selectively used for the synthesis method and the mixture addition method according to the purpose.
- Any anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate desired to be synthesized may be mixed in advance with a phosphate having water of crystallization and subjected to heat dehydration. These are also formed by heating the reaction temperature to 100 ° C. or higher to obtain an anhydride.
- the reaction equivalents are very mild and have an equivalent relation close to the mixture, and the reaction products can be easily confirmed by the disappearance of water solubility.
- the neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate, anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate / magnesium phosphate mixture of the present invention can be used as it is as a soil solidifying agent, but it sets very quickly within a few minutes. However, since the calorific value during curing is high, it may be difficult to use as a general solidifying agent.
- gypsum is used in an amount of 2 to 15 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of a mixture of neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate and anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate / magnesium phosphate, and ketocarbonate is used as a setting retarder. It is effective to adjust the hydration time by adding 0.5 to 10 parts by weight of an acid or an oxycarboxylic acid.
- gypsum is added to a reaction system of magnesium oxide and sulfuric acid (or magnesium sulfate) to prepare a neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate gypsum mixture, which is then used as a soil solidifying agent. Can be used as the active ingredient.
- neutralized and solidified gypsum has poor water resistance and many attempts have been made to improve it.However, it is difficult to achieve water resistance while maintaining the original properties of gypsum.
- Slag plasterboard is the only remaining product It is.
- the present invention in addition to the properties that replace gypsum with neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate, it has properties that surpass conventional soil hardeners and ultra-high-strength cements. It is possible to consolidate with PH. Therefore, the effect on living organisms is small, and the eluted material is highly safe, such as 1Z60 of cement.
- the physical strength is as high as 7.0, the Viccus hardness is 7.0, and the compressive strength is 2 compared to Portland cement.
- the conventional mixture type such as lightly burned magnesia + phosphate, phosphate fertilizer and carbonate, etc.
- magnesium phosphate is mixed with neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate by mixing various phosphates or phosphate fertilizers, or by mixing a mixed acid of phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid and a phosphate rock to react with magnesium.
- a neutral anhydrous magnesium phosphate magnesium oxysulfate solidifying agent having a chelating ability of a phosphate apatite derivative can be obtained.
- the stabilization treatment of heavy metals is mainly cement hardening or roasting, and cement hardening is a combination of cement and a chelating agent. It is difficult to stabilize either of them, and the stabilization treatment by mercury chelation was the most difficult.
- the neutral and solidifying property is particularly effective for substances that produce hydroxide due to the alkaline property of heavy metals. This is a great advantage that the property of a substance that increases the solubility when an oxide is converted to a hydroxide can be suppressed.
- Dissolution of magnesium sulfate which is a disadvantage of magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide, and phosphate types The vegetation damage due to the high degree of vegetation can be reduced, and the necessity of removing soil from power dome is improved.
- This mixture of anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate and magnesium phosphate elutes in the form of citrate-soluble phosphoric acid during hydration, forms phosphate chelates with heavy metals, and then reacts with magnesium oxide to form phosphate apatite.
- the crystallization water forms a hydrate containing eight molecules of water in a mixed hydration reaction system in which the solidification reaction and the solidification reaction of the magnesium sulfate / magnesium oxide compound proceed simultaneously.
- Magnesium oxide (purity: 87.3%) Mixing 200 parts by weight of magnesium sulfate monohydrate (138 parts by weight) and heating to 110 with stirring, react while generating steam. Thus, neutral anhydrous magnesium oxysulfate was obtained in a yield of 89.6%. Take 10 g of this, disperse it in 10 O cc of water and measure the pH, which was 8.5.
- Magnesite (basic magnesium carbonate) was pulverized into powder having a size of 50 mesh or less, and 100 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid was gradually added thereto while stirring 548 g of the powder, thereby reacting while generating carbon dioxide gas. . After the addition of sulfuric acid, the mixture was heated to 120 ° C and further heated to 850 ° C to complete the reaction. X-ray analysis confirmed that the obtained white powder was basic anhydrous 6 magnesium oxysulfate. This powder showed 9.4 in the same pH measurement as described above.
- magnesite basic magnesium carbonate
- magnesite basic magnesium carbonate
- 100 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid is gradually added while stirring 457 g of the powder to generate carbon dioxide gas. While reacting.
- X-ray analysis confirmed that the white powder obtained by heating this to 85 ° C. was anhydrous 5 magnesium oxysulfate.
- magnesite basic magnesium carbonate
- magnesite basic magnesium carbonate
- 100 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid is gradually added while stirring 365 g of this powder to generate carbon dioxide gas. While reacting.
- X-ray analysis confirmed that the white powder obtained by heating this to 85 ° C. was anhydrous 4 magnesium oxysulfate.
- 100 parts by weight of this powder and 60 parts by weight of water are added and mixed, a strong heat is generated. After 4 minutes, the slurry temperature reached 100 and solidified.
- magnesite basic magnesium carbonate
- 100 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid was gradually added while stirring 274 g of the powder to react while generating carbon dioxide gas.
- X-ray analysis confirmed that the white powder obtained by heating to 85 Ot was anhydrous 3 magnesium oxysulfate.
- This powder was pulverized to a size of 300 mesh or less, and 60 cc of water was added to and mixed with 100 parts by weight of the powder.
- the powder containing 10% of anhydrous gypsum and 0.5% of citric anhydride had the first time of 1 hour 54 minutes and the last time of 2 hours 31 minutes.
- the pH is 7.8.
- a powder obtained by adding 10% of anhydrous gypsum and 0.5% of citric anhydride to this powder was tested for 1 hour 24 minutes and 2 hours 16 minutes at the start, and was tested according to JIS 5210.
- the daily compression strength was 44.3 NZmm 2 .
- a mixture of 120 parts by weight of ZK magnesium oxide (brucite) powder and 20 parts by weight of limestone is reacted with 210 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid in a mixer, and then mixed with 400 parts by weight of magnesium oxide.
- the reaction product was pulverized to a mesh of 300 mesh or less, and 0.4 parts by weight of sodium 2-ketogluconate was added to 100 parts by weight of this powder.
- a coagulation test was conducted by adding 60 parts by weight of water to 100 parts by weight of the powder, and it was 1 hour and 28 minutes after the start and 1 hour and 37 minutes after the start. In a test according to JIS 5210, the 28-day compressive strength was 5 4.
- a NZmm 2 Example 13
- Example 16 100 parts by weight of concentrated sulfuric acid was gradually added to 200 parts by weight of light-burned magnesia (manufactured by Kyowa Chemical Co., Ltd.) with stirring, and the reaction was carried out while generating heat. When 12 parts by weight of 89% phosphoric acid was further added, the reaction temperature reached 120 to 140, and the reaction was completed. X-ray analysis confirmed that the obtained white powder was a mixture of anhydrous 4 magnesium oxysulfate and acidic magnesium phosphate. In addition, the same pH as in Example 3 was exhibited.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/586,005 US20080223260A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-26 | Soil-Solidifying Agent |
EP05704330A EP1741766A1 (en) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-26 | Soil solidifying agent |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2004-017914 | 2004-01-27 | ||
JP2004017914A JP4074857B2 (ja) | 2004-01-27 | 2004-01-27 | 土壌固化剤 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2005071041A1 true WO2005071041A1 (ja) | 2005-08-04 |
Family
ID=34805546
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2005/001432 WO2005071041A1 (ja) | 2004-01-27 | 2005-01-26 | 土壌固化剤 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080223260A1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1741766A1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP4074857B2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2005071041A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4841912B2 (ja) | 2005-09-20 | 2011-12-21 | 宇部マテリアルズ株式会社 | 土壌硬化材用の酸化マグネシウム粉末 |
AU2009263979B2 (en) | 2008-06-26 | 2015-10-29 | Calix Ltd | Binder composition |
CN103936375B (zh) * | 2014-03-24 | 2015-09-02 | 连云港艾可新型建材有限公司 | 一种用于盐渍淤泥土壤硬化的固化剂及其应用 |
JP6889876B2 (ja) * | 2017-02-24 | 2021-06-18 | 株式会社 Gtスパイラル | 地盤補修工法及びそれに用いる固化剤 |
CN107267151B (zh) * | 2017-07-27 | 2020-01-14 | 蒋奇晋 | 一种土壤调理剂及其制备方法 |
JP6898201B2 (ja) * | 2017-10-18 | 2021-07-07 | 宇部マテリアルズ株式会社 | 不溶化材及び被不溶化物の不溶化方法 |
CN112779016A (zh) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-11 | 北京欣泰慧铁科技有限公司 | 一种高强度固土岩粉状材料、制备方法及应用 |
CN114605131B (zh) * | 2022-02-16 | 2023-11-14 | 南阳师范学院 | 一种用于固体粉料冷固结成型的乙酸氧镁胶粘剂 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10504512A (ja) * | 1994-05-30 | 1998-05-06 | バラン アドバンスド マテリアル(94)エルティーディー | 改良発泡マグネサイトセメント及びそれによる製品 |
JPH11293244A (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 1999-10-26 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 地盤固結改良剤 |
JPH11349943A (ja) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-12-21 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 地盤固結改良剤ならびに懸濁型グラウト剤とそれを用いた地盤改良方法 |
JP2001019957A (ja) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-23 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 地盤安定用薬液およびこれを用いた地盤安定化工法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3816147A (en) * | 1969-05-26 | 1974-06-11 | V R B Ass Inc | Light-weight high-strength cement compositions using hydrolyzed organic material |
JP2872449B2 (ja) * | 1991-04-16 | 1999-03-17 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 繊維状無水マグネシウムオキシサルフェートの製造法 |
US6692656B1 (en) * | 1998-04-01 | 2004-02-17 | Premier Chemicals, Llc | Amphoteric magnesium buffers |
-
2004
- 2004-01-27 JP JP2004017914A patent/JP4074857B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2005
- 2005-01-26 WO PCT/JP2005/001432 patent/WO2005071041A1/ja not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-01-26 EP EP05704330A patent/EP1741766A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-01-26 US US10/586,005 patent/US20080223260A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH10504512A (ja) * | 1994-05-30 | 1998-05-06 | バラン アドバンスド マテリアル(94)エルティーディー | 改良発泡マグネサイトセメント及びそれによる製品 |
JPH11293244A (ja) * | 1998-02-16 | 1999-10-26 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 地盤固結改良剤 |
JPH11349943A (ja) * | 1998-04-10 | 1999-12-21 | Mitsui Chem Inc | 地盤固結改良剤ならびに懸濁型グラウト剤とそれを用いた地盤改良方法 |
JP2001019957A (ja) * | 1999-07-09 | 2001-01-23 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co Ltd | 地盤安定用薬液およびこれを用いた地盤安定化工法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20080223260A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
JP2005213277A (ja) | 2005-08-11 |
EP1741766A1 (en) | 2007-01-10 |
JP4074857B2 (ja) | 2008-04-16 |
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