WO2004094478A2 - Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme b protease - Google Patents
Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme b protease Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004094478A2 WO2004094478A2 PCT/DK2004/000282 DK2004000282W WO2004094478A2 WO 2004094478 A2 WO2004094478 A2 WO 2004094478A2 DK 2004000282 W DK2004000282 W DK 2004000282W WO 2004094478 A2 WO2004094478 A2 WO 2004094478A2
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/48—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- C12N9/50—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25)
- C12N9/64—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue
- C12N9/6421—Proteinases, e.g. Endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.25) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- C12N9/6424—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- C12N9/6467—Granzymes, e.g. granzyme A (3.4.21.78); granzyme B (3.4.21.79)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
- C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
- C12N15/11—DNA or RNA fragments; Modified forms thereof; Non-coding nucleic acids having a biological activity
- C12N15/62—DNA sequences coding for fusion proteins
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/50—Fusion polypeptide containing protease site
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for the preparation of a polypeptide of interest in authentic form by enzymatic cleavage of recombinantly produced fusion proteins by the use of Granzyme B protease. Furthermore, the invention pertains to fusion proteins comprising a Granzyme B cleavage site and to a human Granzyme B variant.
- polypeptides The preparation of such recombinant polypeptides relies frequently on techniques which involve the production of the polypeptides as fusion proteins or hybrid proteins, wherein a protein or polypeptide of interest is fused to a carrier or a fusion partner such as a polypeptide or a protein.
- a fusion partner or carrier which is fused to the polypeptide of interest has the advantages that it may render the fusion protein more resistant to proteolytic degradation, may facilitate enhanced expression and secretion, improve solubility and allow for subsequent affinity purification of the fusion protein. Also by fusion protein expression, potentially bio-hazardous materials, such as peptide hormones, may be produced in an inactive form which can then be activated subsequently in vitro by cleaving off the fusion partner.
- fusion proteins themselves are not normally suitable as end products as the fusion partner e.g. may affect the biological activity or stability of the polypeptide of interest and, if the protein is to be used clinically, may cause antigenicity problems. Therefore it is necessary to cleave the fusion protein to release the polypeptide of interest.
- this can be achieved by chemical or biochemical methods such as enzymatic cleavage.
- cleavage is highly specific and only takes place in a cleavage sequence between the polypeptide of interest and the fusion partner, i.e. the junction region, but preferably not within the polypeptide of interest itself, as this may e.g. severely affect the bioactivity of the polypeptide of interest.
- Such methods employ agents that act by hydrolysis of peptide bonds and the specificity of the cleavage agent is determined by the identity of the amino acid residue at or near the peptide bond which is cleaved.
- Biochemical methods for cleavage of fusion proteins are based on the use of proteases (proteolytic enzymes).
- proteases proteolytic enzymes
- enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins is limited in that the amino acid(s) which are specific for the cleavage site can at the same time also occur in the polypeptide of interest itself. Therefore, enzymes are particularly suitable which, in order to cleave, not only recognises one amino acid but rather a sequence of amino acids, since the probability that a particular amino acid sequence is present once again in the polypeptide of interest in addition to the cleavage site between the polypeptide of interest and the fusion partner is less the larger the number of amino acids necessary for the recognition and cleavage of the cleavage sequence.
- proteases have been used for enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins by contacting the fusion protein with a protease under appropriate conditions.
- WO 03/010204 relates to a process for separating a polypeptide of interest from a fusion protein by the use of ubiquitin cleavage enzyme, which according to this document is an enzyme that cleaves a peptide bond next to the amino acid sequence RGG at the C-terminus of proteins such as ubiquitin.
- US 6,010,883 disclose a method wherein blood clotting factor Xa (EC 3.4.21.6; a S1 serine-type peptidase formed from the proenzyme factor X by limited proteolysis) is used for cleaving off a fusion partner from a fusion protein.
- This protease specifically cleaves after the amino acid sequence X-Y-Gly-Arg, wherein X is lie, Leu, Pro or Ala, and Y is Glu, Asp, Gin or Asn.
- Factor Xa preferably cuts after the cleavage sequence lle-Glu-Gly-Arg.
- proteolytic cleavage in fusion protein systems.
- One major problem is the occurrence of non-specific proteolytic attack of the fusion protein which results in cleavage at several locations and consequently product loss and generation of contaminating fragments.
- problems with inefficient or incomplete cleavage of the fusion protein frequently occur with the presently known enzymes. Such inefficient cleavage reduces the yield and may also introduce heterogeneity to the purified protein resulting in the recovery of only a small fraction of the desired protein.
- a further problem that is associated with several of the presently applied enzymes for fusion protein cleavage is that spurious or extraneous amino acids are frequently attached to the cleaved polypeptide product (the polypeptide of interest). These amino acids are typically present when a linker is cleaved, and the unrelated amino acid residues may have an effect on the properties of the resulting polypeptide of interest. This may be critical for proteins produced for human therapeutics. Therefore, it is highly desirable to be able to produce pure authentic polypeptides free of extraneous amino acid short sequences or residues.
- proteins of interest which are formed after cleavage by IgA protease, are characterised by having an X-Pro extraneous amino sequence at its N-terminal, i.e. the resulting polypeptide of interest is not in its native or authentic form.
- proteolytic enzymes for fusion protein cleavage are the serine proteases factor Xa and thrombin.
- both enzymes are known to perform non-specific cleavage of fusion proteins.
- factor Xa has to be isolated from bovine serum and as a consequence when it is used to cleave proteins for therapeutic applications an extensive purification and analysis is necessary afterwards in order to detect pathogenic factors such as viruses and prions which may be present (e.g. prions causing bovine spongiform encephalopathy).
- these enzymes are rather expensive.
- Granzyme B protease (EC 3.4.21.79) for enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins.
- Granzyme B protease allows for highly efficient cleavage of fusion proteins having a Granzyme B protease cleavage site with a high degree of cleavage specificity.
- Granzyme B protease has proven to perform more specific fusion protein cleavage than the presently and widely used protease factor Xa.
- Granzyme B cleavage of fusion proteins that contain a Granzyme B recognition sequence positioned between an N-terminal fusion partner and a C-terminal polypeptide of interest, wherein the cleavage site is adjacent to the polypeptide of interest, results in a polypeptide of interest that have no extraneous amino acids derived from the cleavage site, i.e. a polypeptide in authentic form.
- recombinant proteins of interest with native amino acid sequence may be produced as a result of fusion protein cleavage by Granzyme B.
- the Granzyme B protease has the advantage that it can be produced recombinantly.
- the present invention relates in a first aspect to a method for the preparation of a polypeptide of interest in authentic form.
- the method comprises the steps of: (i) providing a fusion protein comprising, from its N-terminal to its C-terminal (a) a fusion partner, (b) a Granzyme B protease recognition site comprising a Granzyme B protease cleavage site, (c) a polypeptide of interest, wherein said cleavage site being adjacent to the polypeptide of interest, and (ii) contacting the fusion protein with Granzyme B protease (EC 3.4.21.79) to cleave it at the cleavage site to yield the polypeptide of interest in authentic form.
- Granzyme B protease EC 3.4.21.79
- a fusion protein comprising, from its N-terminal to its C-terminal, (a) a fusion partner, (b) a Granzyme B protease recognition site comprising a Granzyme B protease cleavage site, and (c) a polypeptide of interest, wherein said cleavage site being adjacent to the polypeptide of interest.
- a human Granzyme B protease variant wherein the Cystein residue no. 228 (chymotrypsinogen numbering) is mutated to Phenylalanine.
- an isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding such a fusion protein or human Granzyme B protease variant, a recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid sequence, a host cell transformed with such a vector, and a method for the production of the fusion protein or the human Granzyme B protease variant which comprises the steps of (i) providing such a recombinant vector which is operatively linked to a promotor, (ii) transforming a host cell with the recombinant vector, (iii) culturing the host cell under conditions to express the fusion protein, and (iv) optionally isolating the fusion protein or the human Granzyme B protease variant.
- the present invention relates to a method for preparing a polypeptide of interest in authentic form by enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins.
- the method comprises, as is mentioned above, a step of providing a fusion protein comprising from its N-terminal to its C-terminal, a fusion partner, a Granzyme B protease recognition site comprising a Granzyme B protease cleavage site and a polypeptide of interest, wherein the cleavage site is placed adjacent to the polypeptide of interest.
- the fusion protein is subsequently contacted with Granzyme B protease to cleave the fusion protein at the Granzyme B protease cleavage site to yield the polypeptide of interest in authentic form.
- fusion protein refers to a polypeptide which comprises protein domains from at least two different proteins.
- the term "authentic form” refers to a polypeptide which comprises the amino acid sequence thereof without any additional amino acid residues.
- a major problem associated with several of the presently applied enzymes for fusion protein cleavage is that spurious or extraneous amino acids frequently remains attached to the cleaved polypeptide product, i.e. resulting in a polypeptide which is not in an "authentic form”.
- the polypeptide of interest in authentic form refers to a polypeptide having the same primary amino acid sequence as that encoded by the native gene sequence coding for the polypeptide of interest, i.e.
- non-native amino acids it does not contain any non-native amino acids.
- native gene sequence is not necessarily a gene sequence that occurs in nature, but it may also be partly or completely artificial.
- a polypeptide of interest in authentic form not necessarily is a polypeptide that occurs in nature, but it may also be partially or completely artificial.
- a non-authentic polypeptide contains at least one amino acid which is not encoded for by the native gene sequence coding for the polypeptide of interest.
- the junction region between the polypeptide of interest and the fusion partner comprises a Granzyme B protease recognition site which has a Granzyme B protease cleavage site.
- a recognition site refers to a defined amino acid sequence that allows Granzyme B to recognize and to cleave the junction region between the fusion partner and the polypeptide of interest.
- the cleavage site is thus to be understood as the site between two amino acids of an amino acid sequence at which the cleavage of the fusion protein takes place.
- the junction region may be in the form of a linker sequence of any suitable length which is not part of the polypeptide of interest.
- the Granzyme B cleavage site is positioned adjacent to the N-terminus of the polypeptide of interest in order to allow for specific cleavage of the fusion protein at its N-terminus without resulting in spurious or extraneous amino acids remaining attached to the resulting polypeptide of interest.
- adjacent to imply that the Granzyme B recognition sequence, which in some embodiments may be preceded by or be a part of a linker sequence, is positioned such that the Granzyme B cleavage site is flanking the N-terminus of the polypeptide of interest.
- Granzymes are granule-stored serine proteases that are implicated in T cell and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxic defence reactions after target cell recognition. The principal function of granzymes is to induce the death of virus-infected and other potentially harmful cells.
- Granzyme B is one type of granzymes, and upon target cell contact it is directionally exocytosed and enters target cells assisted by perform (a cytolytic protein expressed by cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells). Granzyme B processes and activates various pro-caspases, thereby inducing apoptosis in the target cell.
- Granzyme B protease (also referred to herein as GrB) includes enzymes which are or may be classified under the Enzyme Commission number EC 3.4.21.79 in Enzyme nomenclature database, Release 34, February 2004 (http://www.expasy.org/enzvme).
- any suitable Granzyme B protease may be used including human Granzyme B protease, mouse Granzyme B protease and rat Granzyme B protease. It is generally preferred to use human Granzyme B, when the method in accordance with invention is used for the preparation of human therapeutic protein products. Human Granzyme B protease occurs in most human tissues where its biological function is well known.
- Granzyme B protease 2 is also known under the alternative name "Cytotoxic t- lymphocyte proteinase 2".
- Granzyme B protease is known to have a preference for cleaving after aspartate residues (D), and Granzyme B is the only mammalian serine protease known to have this P1 -proteolytic specificity.
- the Granzyme B cleavage site in useful embodiments at least comprises an aspartate residue at the P1 position located N-terminally to the cleavage site.
- the recognition site has an amino acid sequence of the general formula: P4 P3 P2 P1 located N-terminally to the cleavage site, wherein P4 preferably is amino acid I or V, P3 preferably is amino acid E, Q or M, P2 is X, where X denotes any amino acid, P1 preferably is amino acid D, and is the cleavage site for the Granzyme B protease.
- Granzyme B protease is capable of cleaving off polypeptides of interest from a fusion protein, without leaving any non-native amino acids on the polypeptide of interest.
- Granzyme B would recognise and cleave off polypeptides from a fusion protein after the P1 position without any strict requirements for specific amino acid residues at the P1'-P4' positions, i.e. the amino acid positions following the cleavage site. This is contrary to the findings in the prior art. In e.g. Sun et al.
- a further particular advantage of the present invention is the finding that Granzyme B protease allows for highly efficient cleavage of fusion proteins having a Granzyme B protease cleavage site positioned N-terminally to the polypeptide of interest with a high degree of cleavage specificity.
- Granzyme B protease perform more specific fusion protein cleavage than the presently and widely used protease for fusion protein cleavage, namely factor Xa.
- Granzyme B is highly specific, and even more specific than the widely used protease factor Xa.
- the high versatility and great flexibility of Granzyme B is further substantiated herein by the findings that Granzyme B is both capable of cleaving off relatively short N-terminal tags such as a hexa-His tail from a polypeptide of interest, and to cleave between a fusion partner and a polypeptide of interest which are very closely connected by a short linker sequence.
- the polypeptide of interest when it is a part of the fusion protein, N-terminally comprises the amino acids P1' and P2' resulting in the general Granzyme B recognition site formula P4 P3 P2 P1 P1'P2' wherein PV is X, where X denotes any amino, and P2' is G.
- Granzyme B protease has no strict amino acid selectivity for the P1' position, there is a general preference for large hydrophobic amino acids at this position including Trp (T), Leu (L), Phe (F) and lie (I).
- the amino acid at position P1' is selected from T, L, F and I.
- polypeptide of interest is selected such that it, when being part of the fusion protein, N- terminally comprises an acidic amino acid at the P4' position, such as D or E.
- amino acid and “amino acid residues” refer to all naturally occurring L-alpha-amino acids. This definition is meant to include norleucine, ornithine, and homocysteine.
- the amino acids are identified by either the three-letter or single-letter designations:
- Gly G: glycine Lys, K: lysine
- the Granzyme B protease recognition site has an amino acid sequence which is selected from 1CPD4-, lEAD , IEPD , lETDl, IQADl, ISAD , ISSD , ITPD!, VAPD VATD ⁇ , VCTD , VDPD , VDSD4-, VEKD ⁇ , VEQDl, VGPD , VEID , VRPD ⁇ , VTPD , LEED ⁇ , LEID ⁇ , LGND ⁇ , LGPD ⁇ , AQPD -, where I is the cleavage site for Granzyme B.
- These recognition and cleavage sites have previously been described by Casciola-Rosen et al. (1999).
- polypeptide of interest or “desired polypeptide” refer to the polypeptide whose expression is desired within the fusion protein.
- polypeptide should not necessarily indicate a limit on the size of the desired polypeptide of interest. Thus, this term is to be interpreted in its broadest sense, and hence includes peptides on the order of up to 50 or more amino acids, including oligopeptides such as di-, tri, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-peptides, polypeptides and proteins.
- the polypeptide of interest may by an intermediate product or a final product which can for example be used in the field of medicine, in research, in environmental protection, or in industrial processes or products.
- the polypeptide of interest is joined or fused with another protein or protein domain, the fusion partner, to allow for e.g. enhanced stability of the polypeptide of interest and ease of purification of the fusion protein.
- the polypeptide of interest is a protein such as a secreted protein.
- Secreted proteins have various industrial applications, including as pharmaceuticals, and diagnostics. Most protein drugs available at present, such as thrombolytic agents, interferons, interleukins, erythropoietins, colony stimulating factors, and various other cytokines, are secreted proteins.
- the polypeptide of interest is a polypeptide hormone such as somatotrophin, glucagon, insulin or interferon, a single chain antibody variable region fragment (scfv), or an apolipoprotein such as apolipoprotein a-i (apoA-l), apolipoprotein A-ll, or apolipoprotein A-IV.
- a polypeptide hormone such as somatotrophin, glucagon, insulin or interferon
- scfv single chain antibody variable region fragment
- an apolipoprotein such as apolipoprotein a-i (apoA-l), apolipoprotein A-ll, or apolipoprotein A-IV.
- the polypeptide of interest is an enzyme, such as Granzyme B.
- an enzyme such as Granzyme B.
- a self- activating Granzyme B protease which offers the possibility of providing inactive pro- Granzyme B which subsequently may be activated, in principle, by the addition of a single molecule of active Granzyme B protease.
- pro- Granzyme B which is not dependent on the addition of e.g. external activator biologicals for its activation.
- the fusion partner may, in accordance with the invention, be of any suitable kind provided that it is a peptide, oligopeptide, polypeptide or protein, including a tetra- peptide, penta-peptide and a hexa-peptide. It may be selected such that it renders the fusion protein more resistant to proteolytic degradation, facilitate enhanced expression and secretion of the fusion protein, improve solubility, and allow for subsequent affinity purification of the fusion protein.
- the fusion protein of the present invention may in useful embodiments comprise a fusion partner which is an affinity-tag.
- an affinity-tag may e.g. be an affinity domain which permits the purification of the fusion protein on an affinity resin.
- the affinity-tag may also be a polyhistidine-tag including hexahis-tag, a polyarginine-tag, a FLAG-tag, a Strep-tag, a c-myc-tag, a S-tag, a calmodulin-binding peptide, a cellulose- binding peptide, a chitin-binding domain, a glutathione S-transferase-tag, or a maltose binding protein.
- any suitable Granzyme B protease may be used in accordance with the invention including human Granzyme B protease, mouse Granzyme B protease and rat Granzyme B protease.
- human Granzyme B protease ase
- mouse Granzyme B protease ase
- rat Granzyme B protease a suitable Granzyme B protease
- the Granzyme B protease according to the invention is a human Granzyme B protease variant wherein the Cystein residue no. 228 (chymotrypsinogen numbering) is mutated to Phenylalanine. It will be appreciated that the term "human Granzyme B protease variant” also includes variants which in addition to the Cystein residue no.
- 228 (chymotrypsinogen numbering) mutation
- Such further variations can be made, for example, using any of the techniques and guidelines for conservative and non-conservative mutations known in the art.
- Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or more codons encoding the human Granzyme B protease that results in a change in the amino acid sequence of the human Granzyme B protease as compared with the native sequence of human Granzyme B protease preferably without adversely affecting the human Granzyme B protease specificity and/or activity.
- fragments of the full-length native Granzyme B amino acid sequence, such as the activated form, having a Cystein residue no. 228 mutation is included in the meaning of "human Granzyme B protease variant".
- the Granzyme B protease variant is the variant shown in SEQ ID NO 57.
- the fusion partner will typically be selected on the basis of characteristics contributing to ease isolation, most desirable being those that are readily secreted by the microorganisms producing the fusion protein.
- Polyhistidine sequences, glutathione S-transferase and maltose binding protein, for example, are generally preferred as there are readily available affinity columns to which they can be bound and eluted from.
- the method according to the invention may in useful embodiments include a subsequent isolation step for isolating the polypeptide of interest which is formed by the enzymatic cleavage of the fusion protein.
- This isolation step can be performed by any suitable means known in the art for protein isolation, including the use of ion exchange, fractionation by size and affinity purification, the choice of which depending on the character of the polypeptide of interest.
- the polypeptide of interest may for the purpose of affinity purification e.g. further comprise a C-terminally linked affinity-tag in to order to provide for isolation of the resulting polypeptide of interest using e.g. the above mentioned affinity-tag systems.
- the fusion protein is contacted with Granzyme B protease to cleave the fusion protein at the Granzyme B protease cleavage site adjacent to the polypeptide of interest to yield the polypeptide of interest in authentic form.
- This reaction may be carried out batchwise using free Granzyme B, or it may be carried out by using Granzyme B protease in an immobilised form, e.g. via adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment or membrane confinement.
- Suitable carriers for immobilised Granzyme B protease include conventional carriers such as polyacrylamide, chitin, dextran, kappa carrageenan, celite and cellulose.
- the Granzyme B protease is immobilised via a lysine amino acid residue.
- the Granzyme B protease is immobilised via its C-terminus, e.g. by means of a polyhistidine-tag, including a hexa-histidine-tag.
- the reaction may also be conducted by using a free Granzyme B protease in combination with a membrane-type bioreactor, or using a continuous type bioreactor together with an immobilised Granzyme B protease.
- the addition of NTA will shield the Ni 2+ ions in solution in a similar fashion as on a Ni 2+ -NTA agarose column, and thereby avoid precipitation of both the fusion protein and the resulting protein.
- the concentration of Ni 2+ is in the range of 1-20 mM
- the concentration of NTA is in the range of 1-20 mM.
- the temperature is preferably in the range of 15-50°C, including the range of 20-45°C. In a preferred embodiment, the temperature is in the range of 20-30°C, such as about 23°C. In another slightly less preferred embodiment, the temperature is in the range of 30-45°C, such as about 37°C.
- the optimal temperature range must be determined for each fusion protein, since it depends in part on the stability of the fusion protein at the different temperatures.
- a fusion protein comprising, from its N-terminal to its C-terminal, (a) a fusion partner, (b) a Granzyme B protease recognition site comprising a Granzyme B protease cleavage site, and (c) a polypeptide of interest, wherein the cleavage site being adjacent to the polypeptide of interest.
- the polypeptide of interest is Granzyme B, which thereby provides for a self-activating Granzyme B protease.
- self-activating human pro-Granzyme B fusion proteins comprising from the N-terminal to the C-terminal, a seven amino acid residue pro-sequence having a Granzyme B recognition site and cleavage site followed by the amino acid sequence for activated human Granzyme B, and finally a hexa-Histidine tag (H6) fused to the C- terminal of the Granzyme B.
- the Granzyme B cleavage site is located adjacent to the Ile16 (chymotrysinogen numbering) of the amino acid sequence for activated Granzyme B.
- the human self-activating Granzyme B fusion proteins pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 (SEQ ID NO 2) and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6 (SEQ ID NO 3).
- Cystein residue no. 228 chymotrypsinogen numbering
- A alanine
- T threonine
- V valine
- F phenylalanine
- self-activating fusion proteins selected from the group consisting of pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228A (SEQ ID NO 5), pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228T (SEQ ID NO 6), pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228V (SEQ ID NO 7), and pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228F (SEQ ID NO 8).
- the fusion protein or the Granzyme B protease variant of the present invention may be expressed in any suitable standard protein expression system by culturing a host transformed with a vector encoding the fusion protein under such conditions that the fusion protein is expressed.
- the expression system is a system from which the desired fusion protein may readily be isolated and refolded in vitro.
- prokaryotic expression systems are preferred since high yields of protein can be obtained and efficient purification and refolding strategies are available.
- numerous host cells may be selected as appropriate for transformation and expression of the described fusion protein, including mammalian insect, fungal and bacterial host cells which are particularly desirable. Commonly used bacterial strains include Bacillus and Escherichia, including E. coli.
- the expression vector will include a strong promoter to drive expression of the recombinant constructs.
- a method for the production of a fusion protein or the Granzyme B protease variant which comprises the steps of (i) providing a recombinant vector comprising the isolated nucleic acid sequence encoding the fusion protein or the Granzyme B protease variant of the invention which is operatively linked to a promotor, (ii) transforming a host cell with this recombinant vector, (iii) culturing the host cell under conditions to express the fusion protein, and (iv) optionally isolating the fusion protein or the Granzyme B protease variant.
- Figure 1 shows the activity of an incubation of GrB-H6 with FX a followed for several days using the following colorimetric assay: 500 ⁇ l buffer (100 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris- HCl pH 8.0), 4 ⁇ l 100 mM Ac-IEPD-pNA and 5 ⁇ l GrB-H6.
- 500 ⁇ l buffer 100 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris- HCl pH 8.0
- 4 ⁇ l 100 mM Ac-IEPD-pNA 5 ⁇ l GrB-H6.
- a mixture of 100 ⁇ l GrB-H6 (approximately 10 ⁇ g) with 1 ⁇ l FX a (1 mg/ml) was kept at 4°C during the incubation, and the activity was measured after 0 hours, 2 hours, 5 hours, 19 hours, 2 days and 5 days.
- Figure 2 shows the activity of both GrB-H6 and GrB-H6 C228F towards several chromogenic substrates: Ac-IEPD-pNA, Ac-LEED-pNA, Ac-VEID-pNA, Ac-YVAD-pNA, and Ac-DEVD-pNA.
- the activity assay was carried out in 500 ⁇ l 100 mM HEPES pH 7.75 with a substrate concentration of 400 ⁇ M and 1 ⁇ g protease added for each measurement. All measurements were done at 23°C and in triplicate, and the activities obtained were normalized by setting the activity measured on Ac-IEPD-pNA to 100 %.
- FIG. 1 shows the SDS PAGE of samples from the incubation of GrB-H6
- Lane B shows the intact GrB-H6 C228F. This band of intact protease can be seen in all lanes (1). In lanes l-N another band appears (2), which must be a degradation product of the protease, possibly arisen by auto cleavage between Asp50 and Phe51 in the sequence IQDD ⁇ FV.
- Panel (B) shows the activity of the samples of GrB-H6 C228F incubated in 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4 at 4°C, 23°C, and 37°C measured after 0, 6, (10), and 15 days. The activity was measured in 500 ⁇ l 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and 400 ⁇ M Ac- IEPD-pNA with 0.2 ⁇ g GrB-H6 C228F from the incubations added for each measurement.
- Figure 4 shows the SDS PAGE of samples from the H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP and H6-
- Lane B shows non-cleaved H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP (1), where no GrB-H6 was added, while lanes C and D show the two incubations with 1 and 10 ⁇ l GrB-H6 added. In both these lanes the product of the cleavage reaction; correctly cleaved H6-TripUB
- IEPD4-SP (2) is seen in addition to the non-cleaved fusion protein.
- H6 cleaved H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP Lanes F-J show the GrB-H6 + H6-IEPD-TN123 incubations after 12 hours. In lane F is shown non-cleaved H6-IEPD-TN123 (3). Lanes G and H show how H6-IEPD-TN123 is cleaved by GrB-H6 when no Ca 2+ is present (4). The band pattern is explained in figure 12. In lane J the murine H6-FX-TN123 construct has been cleaved by FX a showing the size of the correctly cleaved product.
- FIG. 5 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the GrB-H6 + H6-TripUB
- Lane B shows non-cleaved H6-TripUB lEPDlSP (1).
- lanes C-E the correctly cleaved product appears in all lanes, marked by (2) in the figure.
- Lanes I, J, and K in Figure 3 are identical to lanes F, G, and H in figure 2 with the H6-
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP
- lanes F-H (2) approximately 50 % of the fusion protein was cleaved to product after 22 hours incubation, which is more than was cleaved with no addition of Ni 2+ .
- Figure 10 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6-IEPD-RAP incubations with 1 or 10 ⁇ l GrB-H6. Description of the lanes (A-L):
- Non-cleaved H6-IEPD-RAP (1) is shown in lanes B, E, and J.
- lanes C and D it is clear that all the H6-IEPD-RAP has been cleaved to give the final product (2) after only
- Figure 11 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6-IEPD-RAP + GrB-H6 and the H6-IEGR-RAP + FX a incubations. Description of the lanes (A-O):
- lanes B-H are the samples from the H6-IEGR-RAP incubation (1), where lane B shows non-cleaved H6-IEGR-RAP.
- Lane C-H shows that after only hour almost all of the fusion protein has been cleaved by FX a to give the correct product.
- lanes D-G some degradation products show up, and in lane H after 27 hours of incubation all of the fusion protein has been degraded to give a variety of smaller pieces, and there is no correctly cleaved product left.
- Lanes l-O shows the samples from the H6-IEPD-RAP incubation (2).
- Lane I shows non-cleaved H6-IEPD-RAP, and as for H6-IEGR-RAP nearly all the H6-IEPD-RAP has been cleaved correctly after only Vi hour incubation with GrB-H6, as is seen in lane J.
- K-N degradation products show up, but not nearly as many as for the H6- IEGR-RAP incubation.
- lane O after 27 hours of incubation there is still quite a lot of correctly cleaved product left.
- Figure 12 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6Ubi-IEPD-ApoA1 + GrB- H6 C228F and the H6Ubi-IEGR-ApoA1 + FX a incubations. Description of the lanes (A- M):
- Molecular weight marker B H6Ubi-IEPD-ApoA1 alone, 0 hours incubation
- Lanes H-M shows the samples from the H6Ubi-IEGR-ApoA1 incubation (2), where lane H shows the non- cleaved H6Ubi-IEGR-ApoA1 preparation.
- the position ofthe intact, non-cleaved fusion proteins is indicated by (3).
- the bands marked by (4) is the correctly cleaved ApoA1 product, whereas the bands marked with (5) H6Ubi fusion partner.
- Figure 13 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6-IEPD-TN123 + GrB-H6 incubation after 12 hours and 5 days without addition of Ca 2+ . Some samples have been reduced. Description of the lanes (A-N): A: Molecular weight marker B: 200 ⁇ l H6-IEPD-TN 23 + 1 ⁇ l GrB-H6 after 5 days incubation, sample reduced
- Lanes l-K are identical to lanes F-H in figure 2 and l-K in figure 3, i.e. samples after 12 hours incubation with either 0, 0.2 or 2 ⁇ g GrB-H6.
- the band pattern (1) indicates an internal cleavage site in the TN123 part of H6-IEPD-TN123, and the pattern is further explained in figure 12.
- Lanes D-G show the incubations after 5 days, and here most of the fusion protein has been cleaved. In lane G (10 ⁇ l GrB-H6 added) almost all of the fusion protein has been cleaved twice (2); at the lEPD ⁇ sequence as well as at the internal site in TN123 with the sequence AQPD k
- Lanes L-N and lanes B-D show the same samples after 12 hours and after 5 days, respectively, but here the samples are reduced.
- This band pattern (3) is also explained in Figure 12 and again almost all of the fusion protein has been cleaved twice after 5 days with 10 ⁇ l GrB-H6, lane C (4).
- Figure 14 shows the SDS PAGE of the samples from the H6-IEPD-TN123 + GrB-H6 incubation after 12 hours and 2 days with the addition of 5 mM Ca 2+ . Some samples have been reduced. Description of the lanes (A-K): A: Molecular weight marker B: 200 ⁇ l H6-IEPD-TN123 + 1 ⁇ l GrB-H6 and 5 mM CaCI 2 , sample reduced
- Lanes B-H and J-K show the incubations of H6-IEPD-TN123 with GrB-H6 after 12 hours and 2 days, respectively.
- Lane D shows non-cleaved H6-IEPD-TN123. Comparing lane E and G (+ 5 mM Ca 2+ ) with lane F and H (no Ca 2+ ) only two bands appear with 5 mM Ca 2+ present (1), while four bands appear (2) when no Ca 2+ in present, as described for Figures 2, 3, 10 and
- Figure 15 shows a schematic representation of the band pattern observed on the SDS PAGE gels in figures 2, 3, 10 and 11.
- (1) is the non-cleaved H6-IEPD-TN123
- the remaining non- cleaved fusion protein is the second band from the top.
- the top band in (2) is H6- IEPD-TN123 cleaved at the internal site, AQPD ⁇ , giving a molecule of the same size as non-cleaved H6-IEPD-TN123, but less compact.
- the band at the bottom is the correctly cleaved fusion protein, whereas the third band from the top is the fusion protein cleaved twice; both at the correct lEPD ⁇ site and at the internal AQPD>1 site.
- the molecule is less compact and therefore migrates shorter in the gel than the correctly cleaved fusion protein.
- Figure 16 shows samples from the incubations of three of the five H6-TripUB variants with GrB-H6.
- the three variants are H6-TripUB lEPDlSP, H6-TripUB IQADlSP and
- Lane L shows the non-cleaved H6-TripUB IQADlSG and already after only 2 hours incubation the majority of the fusion protein has been cleaved to give the correct product.
- Figure 17 shows samples from the incubations of two of the five H6-TripUB variants with GrB-H6.
- the two remaining variants are H6-TripUB VGPDlSP and H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ FG.
- Figure 18 shows samples from the incubations of H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP, H6-TripUB
- H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ IV H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ IV, 0 hours incubation K: 250 ⁇ l H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ IV + 1 ⁇ l GrB-H6 C228F, 4 hours incubation L: 250 ⁇ l H6-TripUB lEPD lV + 1 ⁇ l GrB-H6 C228F, 24 hours incubation M: 250 ⁇ l H6-TripUB lEPD lV + 1 ⁇ l GrB-H6 C228F, 96 hours incubation In lanes B-E the cleavage of H6-TripUB lEPDiSP is shown (1), where the cleavage is almost 100 % complete after 96 hours.
- Lanes F-l are the cleavage of H6-TripUB lEPDlTQ (2), and this is app. 100 % completed after only 24 hours. This is also the case for the cleavage of H6-TripUB lEPDllV (3) shown in lanes J-M.
- the bands for the intact and cleaved H6-TripUB lEPDlTQ are all positioned slightly lower in the gel, than the bands for H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ SP, since H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ TQ is a deletion mutant of H6-TripUB lEPDiSP.
- the bands for H6-Tri ⁇ UB lEPDilV, another deletion mutant, are positioned even lower, since the deletion is larger than the one in H6- TripUB IEPD Q.
- Panel A shows samples from the incubations of H6-TripUB lEPDiSP and
- Non-cleaved H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP is shown in lane I (4), while the cleavage reactions at 21 °C and 37 °C are shown in lanes J-L (5) and lanes M-0 (6), respectively. Again almost no difference between the two temperature, and after 48 hours at 21 °C approximately 35-40 % has been cleaved, i.e. the GrB-H6 C228F cleaves both substrates equally well.
- Panel B shows samples from the incubations of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EG and
- Figure 20 shows samples from the incubation of either H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP or H6- TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG with the six different preparations of immobilized GrB-H6 C228F, experiment A-F, described in Example 9. Description of lanes A-M:
- H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP The incubation with H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP are shown in lanes A-F (1), while the H6- TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG incubations are shown in lanes G-L (2).
- the band representing non- cleaved fusion protein (H6-TripUB IQAD SP or H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG) is marked by (3) and the position of the bands for the correctly cleaved products are marked by (4). Examples
- a sequence encoding activated human Granzyme B (E.C. 3.4.21.79), i.e. from Ile21 (Ile16 in chymotrypsinogen numbering) to Tyr246, was cloned into a pT7 cloning vector containing a hexa-His tag (H6) C-terminally (pT7 C-term H6), resulting in the expression vector pT7-IEGR-GrB-H6.
- the sequence, MGSIEGR, containing the blood clotting factor X a (FX a ) recognition sequence IEGR was thereby placed just N- terminally to Ile21 in Granzyme B providing a FX a cleavage site between Arg (R) and Ile21.
- the resulting fusion protein pro-Granzyme B containing the FX a recognition sequence and the C-terminal hexa-His tag is in the following referred to as pro-IEGR- GrB-H6 and is shown in SEQ ID N0:1.
- the expression vectors pT7- IEPD-GrB-H6 and pT7-IEAD-GrB-H6 were constructed, wherein the FX a recognition sequence of IEGR was substituted with the Granzyme B recognition sites IEPD or IEAD, respectively.
- the resulting self-activating GrB proteins are in the following referred to as pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6, respectively and are shown in SEQ ID N0:2 and SEQ ID NO:3.
- the design and cloning of the vectors is outlined in the following section.
- pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 pro- IEPD-GrB-H6, and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6, has the potential to cause complications during the refolding process described in Example 2, decrease stability of the activated enzyme and provide higher non-enzymatic reactivity towards disulfide containing substrates.
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228S SEQ ID NO 4
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228A SEQ ID NO 5
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228T SEQ ID NO 6
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228V SEQ ID NO 7
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228F SEQ ID NO 8
- the cloning vector pT7 C-term H6, was constructed by ligation of the DNA fragment made from the oligonucleotide primers H6 C-term fw (SEQ ID NO: 9) and H6 C-term rev (SEQ ID NO: 10) into an A/col and EcoRI cut vector, pT7 (Christensen JH et al., 1991), using standard procedures.
- the expression vector pT7-IEGR-GrB-H6, was constructed by ligation of the Bam ⁇ and EcoRI restricted DNA fragment GrB EcoRI amplified from a mixture of cDNA, isolated from human bone marrow, human leukocyte, human lymphnodes, and lymphoma (Raji) cells (Clontech Laboratories, Inc cat # 7181-1 , 7182-1 , 7164-1 , 7167- 1) (with the oligonucleotide primers GrBfw (SEQ ID NO: 11 ) and GrBrev EcoRI (SEQ ID NO: 12)) into a SamHI and EcoRI cut vector, pT7 C-term H6, using standard procedures. Outlines of the resulting nucleotide sequence of GrB EcoRI, is given as SEQ ID NO: 13.
- the expression vectors pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pT7-IEAD-GrB-H6 encoding the self- activating pro-Granzyme B proteins were constructed by using the QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (STRATAGENE, Catalog #200518) according to the manufacturers' protocol.
- the expression vector pT7-IEGR-GrB-H6 was used as template.
- the oligonucleotide primers GrB GR-PD fw and GrB GR-PD rev (SEQ ID NO: 14 and 15) were used for construction of pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 and the oligonucleotide primers GrB GR-AD fw and GrB GR-AD rev (SEQ ID NO: 16 and 17) were used for construction of pT7-IEAD-GrB-H6.
- the expression vectors pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228X encoding the self-activating pro- GrB-H6 C228X mutant proteins were all constructed by using the QuikChangeTM Site- Directed Mutagenesis Kit (STRATAGENE, Catalog #200518) according to the manufacturers' protocol.
- the expression vector pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 was used as template.
- the cells were harvested by centrifugation.
- the cells were lysed by osmotic shock and sonification and total cellular protein was extracted into phenol (adjusted to pH 8 with Trisma base).
- the protein was precipitated from the phenol phase by addition of 2.5 volumes of ethanol and centrifugation.
- the protein pellet was dissolved in a buffer containing 6 M guanidinium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 100 mM dithiothreitol.
- the fusion protein, pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 was purified from the majority of E. coli and ⁇ phage proteins by washing with one column volume of the loading buffer followed by one column volume of 8 M Urea, 0.5 M NaCI, 50 mM sodium phosphate pH 6.3 and 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, column volume of 6 M guanidinium chloride, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 5 mM 2-mercaptoethanol and finally VT. column volume of 8 M Urea, 0.5 M NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 3 mM reduced glutathione.
- the pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 fusion protein was refolded on the Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose column using the cyclic refolding procedure described by Th ⁇ gersen et al. (International Patent Application WO 9418227).
- the gradient manager profile is described in the below Table 2 with 0.5 M NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, 2 mM reduced glutathione, and 0.2 mM oxidized glutathione as buffer A and 6 M urea, 0.5 NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 3 mM reduced glutathione as buffer B.
- the pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 fusion protein was eluted from the Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose column with a buffer containing 0.5 M NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 10 mM EDTA pH 8.
- the pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 protein was diluted with 1 volumes of 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 before the pH was adjusted to 7 with HCl.
- the protein was then applied onto a SP SepharoseTM Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences) ion exchange column.
- the protein was eluted over 10 column volumes with a linear gradient from 250 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0 to 1 M NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.0. Samples from the elution profile appear as a single distinct band in SDS-PAGE analysis and migrate with the anticipated molecular weight of 27.4 kDa for monomeric pro-IEGR-GrB-H6.
- the self-activating recombinant Granzyme B fusion proteins pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 (SEQ ID NO:2) and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6 (SEQ ID NO:3) were produced by expression from the vectors ⁇ T7-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pT7-IEAD-GrB-H6 prepared in Example 1 , where the expression, refolding, and purification was performed essentially as described for pro- IEGR-GrB-H6 above.
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228X mutants SEQ ID NOS. 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 were expressed from the pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228X expression vectors essentially as described for the expression of pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 above.
- Refolding of the pro-IEPD- GrB-H6 C228X mutants were also done essentially as described for pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 above, and activation on a cation exchange column was done as described above for pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6.
- the activated mutants are referred to as GrB-H6 C228S, GrB-H6 C228A, GrB- H6 C228T, GrB-H6 C228V, and GrB-H6 C228F.
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228X mutants were similar to the pro- IEPD-GrB-H6 expression level. However, refolding efficiency differed by op to 90% relative to that of pro-IEPD-GrB-H6.
- One mutant, pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228S had a very low refolding efficiency and was therefore not analyzed further. This is contrary to what would be expected as the obvious conservative choice for substitution of a Cysteine residue would be Serine, since Serine most closely resembles Cysteine of all the amino acids naturally occurring in proteins, both in size, hydrophilicity and chemically.
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228A pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228T
- pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228V pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228V
- the reasoning for the lower recovery yield may be that when the non-mutated pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 protein was applied for purification and activation by cation exchange chromatography the protein apparently tended to precipitate and thus reduced the final yield (recovery) of active enzyme. No significant precipitation was observed for pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 C228F. Therefore, substitution of Cysteine 228 with Phenylalanine appears to be favourable for Granzyme B, in particular for self-activating Granzyme B. This is highly surprising, as the amino acid Phenylalanine is chemically very dissimilar to Cysteine and would not normally be the choice for a Cysteine substitution.
- pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 fusion protein using purified bovine Factor X a and self-activation of pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6
- One mg of pro-IEGR-GrB-H6 (in app. 10 ml) was activated by the addition of 50 ⁇ g FX a (50 ⁇ l of 1 mg/ml) and incubated at room temperature for several days.
- both the GrB-H6 and the FXa activity was measured before and after removal of the added FX a using a colorimetric assay with the substrates S2222 (N-Benzoyl-L- isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-glycyl-L-arginine-p-nitroaniline, Chromogenix, Italy, cat. no. S2222) and Ac-IEPD-pNA (N-acetyl-L-isoleucyl-L-glutamyl-L-prolyl-L-aspartyl-p- nitroaniline, Calbiochem, La Jolla, USA, cat. no.
- the buffer used was either 100 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 or 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4.
- An example using the 100 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 buffer is shown below in Table 3, where the top fraction from the SP Sepharose eluate after FX a removal was used: Table 4:
- Recombinant self-activating human Granzyme B derivatives IEPD-GrB-H6 and IEAD- GrB-H6 were produced as described in Example 2 by using the expression vectors pT7-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pT7-IEAD-GrB-H6 described in Example 1.
- the IEAD-GrB-H6 and IEPD-GrB-H6 proteins were eluted from the SP Sepharose columns and stored at 4° C for 2 days before the activity of the respective top fractions were determined by using a colorimetric assay.
- the self-activating derivatives pro-IEPD-GrB-H6 and pro-IEAD-GrB-H6 were activated without addition of any previously activated Granzyme B and the self-activation was not completed until after a least three or four days at 4°C.
- the activity of the activated and purified GrB-H6 was measured in different buffers using the Ac-IEPD-pNA substrate: 500 ⁇ l buffer, 2 ⁇ l 100 mM Ac-IEPD-pNA, and 5 ⁇ l GrB-H6.
- the ⁇ OD 4 0 5 /min was calculated from the first 0.75 min unless otherwise noted.
- TN 100 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl
- the GrB-H6 C228F protease is remarkably stable at 4°C and 23°C.
- the activity only falls slightly with approximately 10% at 23°C during the 15 days, and almost no degradation fragments are visible in the gel. Even at 37°C there is still about 20% activity left after 15 days, and only very few degradation fragments show up in the gel.
- the FX a recognition sequence in the FX a cieavable fusion proteins H6-FX- TripBUB, H6-IEGR-RAP, H6Ubi-IEGR-ApoA1, and H6-FX-TN123 (encoded by pT7H6- FX-TripBUB, pT7H6-FX-RAP, pT7H6Ubi-FX-ApoA1 , and pT7H6-FX-TN123, respectively) was changed from either IEGR or IQGR to IEPD, giving the constructs H6-TripUB IEPD SP (SEQ ID NO. 22), H6-IEPD-RAP (SEQ ID NO. 23), H6Ubi-IEPD- ApoA1 (SEQ ID NO. 24), and H6-IEPD-TN123 (SEQ ID NO. 25).
- the Granzyme B recognition sequence is IEPD ⁇ SP, where ⁇ indicates the cleavage site. This recognition sequence is located between the H6 and the TripUB moiety of the construct, where the two residues, SP, C-terminal to the scissile bond are the N-terminal part of the TripUB moiety.
- H6-TripUB fusion proteins (termed the H6- TripUB variants) is indicated as the last part of their name, as XXXX ⁇ YY, wherein XXXX is the part of the Granzyme B recognition sequence between the hexa-His moiety H6 and the TripUB moiety, and wherein the YY residues are a part of the TripUB moiety.
- H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP SEQ ID NO. 26
- H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG SEQ ID NO. 27
- H6-TripUB VGPD SP SEQ ID NO. 28
- H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ FG SEQ ID NO. 29
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ TQ SEQ ID NO. 30
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ IV SEQ ID NO. 31
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP SEQ ID NO. 32
- H6- TripUB IEPD ⁇ EG SEQ ID NO.
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP was constructed by using the QuikChangeTM Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (STRATAGENE, Catalog #200518) according to the manufacturers' protocol with the vector pT7H6-FX-TripBUB (International Patent Application WO 9856906) as template and the oligonucleotide primers: TripUB GrB fw (SEQ ID NO: 34) and TripUB GrB rev (SEQ ID NO: 35).
- the expression vector pT7H6-IEPD-RAP was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-FX-RAP (Nykjasr et al., 1992) as template and the oligonucleotide primers: RAP GrB fw (SEQ ID NO: 36) and RAP GrB rev (SEQ ID NO: 37).
- the expression vector pT7H6Ubi-IEPD-ApoA1 was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6Ubi-FX-ApoA1 (International Patent Application WO0238609) as template and the oligonucleotide primers: Mut-GrB fw (SEQ ID NO: 38) and Mut-GrB rw (SEQ ID NO: 39).
- the expression vector pT7H6-IEPD-TN123 was constructed by site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-FX-TN123 (Holtet et al., 1997) as template and the oligonucleotide primers: TN GrB fw (SEQ ID NO: 40) and TN GrB rev (SEQ ID NO: 41).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP was constructed by using site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-FX-TripBUB (WO 9856906) as template and the oligonucleotide primers: PC7TripUB GR-AD fw (SEQ ID NO: 42) and PC7TripUB GR-AD rev (SEQ ID NO: 43).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG was constructed by using site- directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: PC7TripUB P-G fw (SEQ ID NO: 44) and PC7TripUB P-G rev (SEQ ID NO: 45).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ SP was constructed by using site- directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: DNATrip IE-VG fw (SEQ ID NO: 46) and DNATrip IE-VG rev (SEQ ID NO: 47).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ FG was constructed by using site- directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: DNATrip SP-FG fw (SEQ ID NO: 48) and DNATrip SP-FG rev (SEQ ID NO: 49).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ TQ was constructed by a PCR reaction with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: Trip IEPD-TQ (SEQ ID NO: 50) and UB3 (SEQ ID NO: 52).
- the resulting PCR product was digested with BamHI and Hindlll and ligated into a BamHI-Hindll cut pT7H6(GS)3 vector (Christensen J.H et al. 1991).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB lEPD ⁇ IV was constructed by a PCR reaction with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: Trip IEPD-IV (SEQ ID NO: 51) and UB3 (SEQ ID NO: 52).
- the resulting PCR product was digested with BamHI and Hindlll and ligated into a BamHI-Hindll cut pT7H6(GS)3 vector (Christensen J.H et al. 1991).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP was constructed by using site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: TripUB EP fw (SEQ ID NO: 53) and TripUB EP rev (SEQ ID NO: 54).
- the expression vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EG was constructed by using site-directed mutagenesis as described above with the vector pT7H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP as template and the oligonucleotide primers: TripUB EG fw (SEQ ID NO: 55) and TripUB EG rev (SEQ ID NO: 56).
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP H6-IEPD-RAP, H6- IEGR-RAP, H6Ubi-IEPD-ApoA1 , H6Ubi-IEGR-ApoA1, H6-IEPD-TN123 and the H6- TripUB variants
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP Purification of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP.
- H6-IEPD-RAP H6-IEGR-RAP.
- H6-IEPD-TripUB and H6-IEPD-RAP fusion proteins were applied by batch adsorption onto Ni + activated NTA-agarose (Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose, Quiagen) columns (usually 50-75 ml column volume) for purification (Hochuli E et al., 1988). The column was washed with the following:
- the purified fusion proteins were then eluted with 500 mM NaCI, 50 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 10 mM EDTA.
- Fractions of each refolded fusion protein was gel filtrated into 50 mM NaCI, 25 mM sodium acetate pH 5.0, and 1 mM CaCI 2 , and was further purified by ion exchange chromatography on SP SepharoseTM Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences, 1.6 (i.d.) by 20 centimetre column) using a salt gradient from 50 mM NaCI, 25 mM sodium acetate pH 5.0 and 1 mM CaCI 2 to 1 M NaCI, 25 mM sodium acetate pH 5.0, 1 mM CaCI 2 .
- each correctly folded fusion protein product was then accomplished by gel-filtration into 25 mM NaCI, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 1 mM CaCI 2 followed by ion exchange chromatography on Q SepharoseTM Fast Flow (Amersham Biosciences, 1.6 (i.d.) by 20 centimetre column) using a salt gradient from 25 mM NaCI, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 1 mM CaCI 2 to 500 mM NaCI, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 8, and 1 mM CaCI 2 .
- the fusion protein H6-TripUB IEPD SP (prepared as described in Example 7) eluted from the Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose column was gel filtrated into 100 mM HEPES pH 7.5 and 200 ⁇ l samples of the top-fraction was incubated at room temperature with either 0, 1 or 10 ⁇ l of activated GrB-H6 (approximately 0, 0.2 and 2 ⁇ g GrB-H6). Samples for SDS PAGE were taken after 12, 19, and 24 hours of incubation, and gels are shown in Figures 4 and 5.
- H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP fusion protein With the H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP fusion protein the following nine incubations (Table 9) were set up using 200 ⁇ l H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP and 5 ⁇ l GrB-H6 (approximately 1 ⁇ g GrB-H6) for each incubation.
- Ni 2+ ions would bind the N-terminal hexa-His tail (H6) of the fusion protein and facilitate access to the cleavage site recognized by GrB-H6.
- the Ni 2+ ions would also bind the C-terminal hexa-His tail of the GrB-H6 construct.
- the addition of NTA was made to shield the Ni 2+ ions in solution in a similar fashion as on the Ni 2+ -NTA agarose beads, i.e. to simulate the conditions on the Ni 2+ - NTA agarose column.
- Figure 7 shows the incubations at 23°C, figure 8 at 37°C and figure 9 at 42°C.
- the H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP fusion protein was cleaved similar to what is seen in Figures 4 and 5, though after 22 hours it seems that incubation at 37°C is the most optimal of the three temperatures tested.
- the fusion protein H6-IEPD-RAP (prepared as described in Example 7) eluted from the Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose column was gel filtrated into 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and 200 ⁇ l samples of the top-fraction was incubated at room temperature with either 0, 1 or 10 ⁇ l of activated GrB-H6 (approximately 0, 0.2 and 2 ⁇ g GrB-H6). Samples for SDS PAGE were taken after 5, 23 and 26 hours of incubation, see Figure 10.
- H6-IEPD-RAP The cleavage of H6-IEPD-RAP by GrB-H6 was compared with the cleavage of H6- IEGR-RAP by FX a .
- Both H6-IEPD-RAP and H6-IEGR-RAP were in 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and the following incubations were set up at room temperature, 23°C, with the protease.-fusion protein ratio 1 :1000:
- the GrB substrate, H6Ubi-IEPD-ApoA1 is approximately 100% cleaved after only 6 hours incubation at 23°C, whereas only a small fraction of the FXg substrate, H6Ubi- IEGR-ApoA1 , has been cleaved after 6 hours. It is also seen that FX a requires more than 48 hours to complete the cleavage of the FXg substrate.
- both the GrB-H6 and the GrB-H6 C228F protease is, as mentioned, superior to FXg, since it either cleaves much faster (in the case of H6Ubi-X- ApoA1) or more specific (in the case of H6-X-RAP) than the purified, bovine FXg (where X denotes the recognition sites IEPD or IEGR).
- GrB-H6 and GrB-H6 C228F can both cleave off a short N-terminal tag like the hexa-His tail (the H6 in H6-IEPD-RAP) and cleave between two protein domains which are very closely connected by a short linker sequence comprising the GrB cleavage site adjacent to the polypeptide of interest (here the ApoA1 in H6Ubi- IEPD-ApoA1 , with the linker sequence GGSIEPD, wherein IEPD is the GrB recognition site). It was verified that GrB-H6 and GrB-H6 C228F produced the correctly cleaved products by N-terminal sequencing in both the above cases.
- the fusion protein H6-IEPD-TN123 (prepared as described in Example 7) eluted from the Q Sepharose was after final purification gel filtrated into 100 mM HEPES pH 7.5, and 200 ⁇ l samples of the top-fraction was incubated at room temperature with either 0, 1 or 10 ⁇ l of activated GrB-H6 (approximately 0, 0.2 and 2 ⁇ g GrB-H6) both with and without 5 mM CaCI 2 present. Samples for SDS PAGE from the incubations without CaCI 2 were taken after 12, 19 and 24 hours as well as 5 days of incubation. See Figures 4, 5 and 13. Samples for SDS PAGE from the incubations both with and without CaCI 2 were taken after approximately 20 and 48 hours of incubation, see figure 14. Without Ca 2+ :
- the samples showed a distinct band pattern when H6-IEPD-TN123 was cleaved by GrB-H6 with no Ca 2+ present, as seen in Figures 4, 5 and 13.
- the H6-IEPD-TN123 was cleaved correctly at the IEPD sequence, but also just as rapidly at an internal site of the sequence AQPD.
- the band pattern is explained in Figure 15. That H6-IEPD- TN123 was cleaved at the correct IEPD ⁇ site can be seen from lane J in Figure 4, where murine H6-FX-TN123 had been cleaved by FXg giving a product of the same size as the product from GrB-H6 cleavage of H6-IEPD-TN123 with no internal cleavage, i.e. the lowest band of the four bands in the pattern.
- FIG 11 shows incubations of H6-IEPD-TN123 with GrB-H6, where 5 mM CaCI 2 were added to some of the incubations.
- 5 mM CaCI 2 were added to some of the incubations.
- the internal cleavage site AQPD in Tetranectin (TN123) can be made inaccessible to GrB-H6.
- the AQPD sequence is located in a loop, where the Q and D residues participates in the binding of Ca 2+ -ions in Tetranectin.
- the internal cleavage site in TN123 is "turned off" by the addition of Ca 2+ .
- Each of the fusion proteins eluted from the Ni 2+ -NTA-agarose column were gel filtrated into 100 mM HEPES pH 7.4 and fractions of approximately the same concentration of the five different H6-TripUB variants were used.
- the five variants were H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP, H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SP, H6-TripUB IQAD ⁇ SG, H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ SP and H6- TripUB VGPD ⁇ FG.
- Of each fusion protein 200 ⁇ l was incubated at room temperature, 23°C, with 5 ⁇ l of activated GrB-H6 (approximately 1 ⁇ g GrB-H6). The protease:fusion protein ratio was thereby 1 :500.
- Samples for SDS PAGE were taken after 2, 6, 24 and 48 hours of incubation and gels are shown in Figures 16 and 17.
- FIG 17 are shown the samples from the H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ SP and H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ FG incubations.
- the cleavage of the VGPD ⁇ SP sequence was almost as fast as for H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP in Figure 16.
- a small amount of product had formed after 2 hours and approximately half the amount of fusion protein had been cleaved after 48 hours.
- a dramatic change in reaction rate occurred when the P1' and P2' sites were changed from SP to FG in H6-TripUB VGPD ⁇ SP. After only 2 hours incubation all the fusion protein had been correctly cleaved.
- Figure 18 shows the samples ofthe cleavage of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ TQ and H6-TripUB IEPD IV compared to H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP.
- the two constructs H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ TQ and H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ IV are deletion mutants of the Trip part of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP, where the first 7 residues are deleted in H6-TripUB lEPDlTQ and the first 13 residues deleted in H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ IV.
- Panel A shows the cleavage of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ SP and H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP
- Panel B shows the cleavage of H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EP and H6-TripUB IEPD ⁇ EG.
- the protease:fusion protein ratio is again 1:500 and the cleavage reaction mixes were incubated both at 23°C and at 37°C.
- samples for SDS PAGE were taken after 0, 4, 24 and 48 hours, and for the gel in Panel B after 0, 6, 24 and 50 hours.
- the GrB-H6 C228F variant was used for immobilization onto a gel matrix in six experiments as described in the following.
- the immobilization was performed in 0.3 M NaHCOs/NaOH, pH 8.6 using the divinyl sulfone activated matrix called Mini-Leak (Kem-En-Tec). Two levels of activation were used; 2-5 millimoles and 10-50 millimoles vinyl groups per litre sedimented beads, respectively, and for each level of activation three experiments with different protein concentration and with or without PEG 20000 present was performed. The six experiments are summarized in Table 10. For the immobilization GrB-H6 C228F in 0.3 M NaHC0 3 /NaOH; pH 8.6 was used at a protein concentration of 4 mg/ml, as estimated from a Bradford assay using bovine serum albumin as protein standard.
- the enzymatic activity of the GrB-H6 C228F solution was measured as described example 4 using the buffers 0.3 M NaHC0 3 /NaOH; pH 8.6 and 30 % PEG 20000; 0.3 M NaHC0 3 as assay buffers.
- the immobilization was performed by mixing drained gel, protein solution, and buffers to provide the volumes and concentrations listed in Table 10 followed by mixing at room temperature for 48 hours.
- the enzymatic activity of the immobilized GrB-H6 C228F was estimated by weighing out drained gel matrix, mixing with 300 ⁇ l of a substrate solution containing 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.75; 400 ⁇ M Ac-IEPD-pNA (Calbiochem) and then measure OD 405 nm of the supernatant after a certain time of incubation to determine ⁇ OD 405 nm/min per ml of substrate solution per g of drained gel.
- the enzymatic activity of immobilized GrB-H6 C228F was used to determine the coupling efficiency as a percentage of the calculated enzymatic activity if all applied enzyme was coupled and active.
- the coupling efficiency is also listed in Table 10, and there is no significant difference in coupling efficiency between the two activation levels and the efficiency is also within the same range for the two protein concentration, so the highest coupling level is obtained when using a high protein concentration in the immobilization mixture. It can not be deduced whether addition of PEG 20000 to the coupling mixture is favourable for the immobilization and it was not evaluated for the high protein concentration.
- the stability of the immobilized GrB-H6 C228F against denaturation with urea and guanidinium chloride was determined for the two immobilizations with high protein concentration (experiment C and F).
- the gel matrix from experiment C and F was each aliquoted into three small spin columns and incubated with either 8 M urea; 0.5 M NaCI; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 (Urea), with 6 M guanidinium chloride; 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0 (GdmCI), or with 100 mM HEPES, pH 7.75 (HEPES) for 30 minutes at room temperature before it was washed and equilibrated in 100 M HEPES, pH 7.75.
- the enzymatic activity of the immobilized GrB-H6 C228F was then determined as described above.
- the enzymatic activities obtained are shown below in Table 11. Denaturation with urea seems to be favourable for the immobilized GrB-H6 C228F as the enzymatic activity is increased after incubation compared to incubation with the non-denaturing HEPES buffer, whereas denaturation with guanidinium chloride seems to have an effect that slightly decreases the enzymatic activity.
Abstract
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AU2004232405A AU2004232405B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme B protease |
CA2523101A CA2523101C (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme b protease |
EP04729047.3A EP1618135B1 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme b protease |
NZ543557A NZ543557A (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | A method for the preparation of a polypeptide of interest by enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins using Granzyme B protease |
ES04729047T ES2427974T3 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cutting of fusion proteins by using the granzyme B protease |
US10/553,869 US8541200B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using Granzyme B protease |
JP2006504365A JP4833056B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2004-04-23 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using granzyme B protease |
AU2008221532A AU2008221532B2 (en) | 2003-04-23 | 2008-09-18 | Cleavage of fusion proteins using Granzyme B protease |
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JP (2) | JP4833056B2 (en) |
CN (2) | CN101412994B (en) |
AU (2) | AU2004232405B2 (en) |
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2046375A2 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-04-15 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods, compositions, and kits for the selective activation of protoxins through combinatorial targeting |
EP2727936A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2014-05-07 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Targeted therapeutics based on engineered proteins for tyrosine kinases receptors, including IGF-IR |
WO2014055836A3 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-05-30 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
EP2799448A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2014-11-05 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Multivalent fibronectin based scaffold domain proteins |
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US20100028995A1 (en) * | 2004-02-23 | 2010-02-04 | Anaphore, Inc. | Tetranectin Trimerizing Polypeptides |
JP2011502520A (en) * | 2007-11-09 | 2011-01-27 | アナフォア インコーポレイテッド | Mannose-binding lectin fusion protein for disease treatment |
US8053222B2 (en) * | 2009-02-12 | 2011-11-08 | Academia Sinica, Taiwan | Protein expression system involving mutated severe respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus 3C-like protease |
US20110086806A1 (en) * | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-14 | Anaphore, Inc. | Polypeptides that Bind IL-23R |
CN105483193B (en) * | 2015-11-24 | 2019-03-29 | 上海联合赛尔生物工程有限公司 | The method and kit of purifying protein from the fusion protein containing restriction enzyme site |
CN110862459A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-03-06 | 温州医科大学 | HPV16E7 affibody-loaded granzyme B affoxin targeting molecule and application thereof |
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IL60184A (en) | 1979-05-31 | 1984-05-31 | Schering Ag | Process for the specific cleavage of protein sequences from proteins |
GB8412517D0 (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1984-06-20 | Nagai K | Recombinant fusion proteins |
NZ236819A (en) | 1990-02-03 | 1993-07-27 | Max Planck Gesellschaft | Enzymatic cleavage of fusion proteins; fusion proteins; recombinant dna and pharmaceutical compositions |
US6077694A (en) * | 1990-09-21 | 2000-06-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health And Human Services | Method for over-expression and rapid purification of biosynthetic proteins |
CA2155335C (en) | 1993-02-04 | 2001-06-05 | HANS CHRISTIAN THõGERSEN | Improved method for the refolding of proteins |
CA2304254C (en) | 1997-06-11 | 2012-05-22 | Hans Christian Thogersen | Trimerising module |
AU2002213843B2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2008-02-07 | F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. | Apolipoprotein analogues |
EP1417237B1 (en) | 2001-07-26 | 2011-04-06 | Advanced Protein Technologies Corp. | Process for preparation of polypeptides of interest from fusion peolypeptides |
CN1465702A (en) * | 2002-06-21 | 2004-01-07 | 曾位森 | Purifying and use for human vascular endothelial growth factor and granzyme B fusion protein |
US20060099689A1 (en) * | 2003-02-21 | 2006-05-11 | Mertens Nico M A | Use of caspase enzymes for maturation of engineered recombinant polypeptide fusions |
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Cited By (17)
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US8993295B2 (en) | 2006-07-20 | 2015-03-31 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods, compositions, and kits for the selective activation of protoxins through combinatorial targeting |
EP2046375A4 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2012-06-13 | Gen Hospital Corp | Methods, compositions, and kits for the selective activation of protoxins through combinatorial targeting |
EP2046375A2 (en) * | 2006-07-20 | 2009-04-15 | The General Hospital Corporation | Methods, compositions, and kits for the selective activation of protoxins through combinatorial targeting |
EP2727936A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2014-05-07 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Targeted therapeutics based on engineered proteins for tyrosine kinases receptors, including IGF-IR |
EP3156415A1 (en) | 2006-11-22 | 2017-04-19 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Targeted therapeutics based on engineered proteins for tyrosine kinases receptors, including igf-ir |
EP2799448A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 | 2014-11-05 | Bristol-Myers Squibb Company | Multivalent fibronectin based scaffold domain proteins |
US9096840B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2015-08-04 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US9499807B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2016-11-22 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
WO2014055836A3 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2014-05-30 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
AU2013326933B2 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2017-10-05 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US9951325B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2018-04-24 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
EP3456734A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2019-03-20 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US10323239B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2019-06-18 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US10738295B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2020-08-11 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US10920211B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2021-02-16 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
EP4029937A1 (en) * | 2012-10-04 | 2022-07-20 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
US11535838B2 (en) | 2012-10-04 | 2022-12-27 | Research Development Foundation | Serine protease molecules and therapies |
Also Published As
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CN1795209A (en) | 2006-06-28 |
ES2427974T3 (en) | 2013-11-05 |
AU2008221532B2 (en) | 2012-04-19 |
EP1618135B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
EP2308901A3 (en) | 2011-07-06 |
US20060199251A1 (en) | 2006-09-07 |
NZ543557A (en) | 2007-11-30 |
US8541200B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 |
AU2004232405A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
CN100418985C (en) | 2008-09-17 |
CN101412994B (en) | 2012-05-30 |
EP1618135A2 (en) | 2006-01-25 |
JP2011092197A (en) | 2011-05-12 |
EP2308901B1 (en) | 2017-11-08 |
CA2523101A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
CN101412994A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
AU2008221532A1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
WO2004094478A3 (en) | 2005-01-13 |
EP2308901A2 (en) | 2011-04-13 |
CA2523101C (en) | 2013-07-30 |
AU2004232405B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
JP4833056B2 (en) | 2011-12-07 |
JP2007524364A (en) | 2007-08-30 |
NZ561162A (en) | 2009-11-27 |
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